How do you properly assess a child’s fever. What are the misconceptions about fevers in children. When should you seek medical attention for a child’s fever. How can you effectively treat a fever at home. Why are fevers beneficial for the immune system. What are the risks associated with high fevers in children. How do febrile seizures affect a child’s long-term health.

Understanding Fevers in Children: Separating Fact from Fiction

Fever phobia is a common concern among parents, often leading to unnecessary worry and misunderstandings about this natural bodily response. Let’s explore the facts about fevers in children and infants, addressing common myths and providing practical advice for managing this common symptom.

What Constitutes a Fever?

A fever is generally defined as a body temperature above the normal range. For most children, a temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher is considered a fever. However, it’s crucial to understand that the exact temperature isn’t always the most important factor in assessing a child’s health.

The Importance of Accurate Temperature Readings

When reporting a fever to a pediatrician, providing an exact temperature reading is essential. This information helps doctors assess the severity of the illness and determine the appropriate course of action. Simply stating that a child “felt warm” is not sufficient for a proper medical evaluation.

Debunking Common Fever Myths

There are several misconceptions about fevers that can cause unnecessary anxiety for parents. Let’s address some of these myths and provide accurate information.

Myth: Fevers Are Always Harmful

Contrary to popular belief, fevers are not inherently bad for children. In fact, a fever is a sign that the body’s immune system is actively fighting an infection. Most fevers between 100°F and 104°F (37.8°C to 40°C) are considered normal and beneficial for sick children.

Myth: Fevers Cause Brain Damage

Can fevers cause brain damage? No, fevers associated with infections do not cause brain damage. Only body temperatures exceeding 108°F (42.2°C) can potentially lead to brain damage, which is extremely rare and typically occurs only in extreme environmental conditions, such as when a child is left in a hot, closed car.

Myth: All Fevers Require Medication

Do all fevers need to be treated with medication? Not necessarily. Fever-reducing medications should be administered only if the fever is causing discomfort. It’s more important to assess how your child is feeling and acting rather than solely relying on the temperature reading.

Special Considerations for Infants and Young Babies

While most fevers in older children are not cause for immediate concern, special attention must be given to infants under three months of age.

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

For babies less than three months old, a rectal temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher requires immediate medical evaluation. At this young age, even a slight fever can indicate a potentially serious infection that needs prompt attention.

Febrile Seizures: Understanding the Risks

Febrile seizures are a concern for many parents, but it’s important to understand their actual prevalence and implications.

Prevalence and Impact of Febrile Seizures

Approximately 4% of children experience febrile seizures. While these episodes can be frightening to witness, they typically last less than five minutes and do not cause permanent harm. Children who have experienced febrile seizures are not at increased risk for developmental delays, learning disabilities, or epilepsy.

Effective Fever Management Strategies

Managing a fever at home involves more than just administering medication. Here are some key points to remember:

• Assess your child’s overall condition, not just the temperature
• Provide comfort measures, such as cool compresses and plenty of fluids
• Use fever-reducing medications only when necessary for comfort
• Monitor the fever’s duration and accompanying symptoms

The Limitations of Fever-Reducing Medications

It’s important to have realistic expectations about fever-reducing medications. When administered, these medications typically lower the fever by only 2-3 degrees Fahrenheit and can take 2-3 hours to take effect. A fever that doesn’t respond to medication is not necessarily indicative of a more serious condition.

When to Consult a Healthcare Professional

While most fevers can be managed at home, there are situations where medical attention is warranted.

Duration of Fever

How long should a fever last before seeking medical attention? Doctors typically become concerned when a fever persists for five or more days. Most viral illnesses cause fevers that last only 2-3 days.

Other Concerning Symptoms

In addition to fever duration, it’s crucial to monitor other symptoms and your child’s overall condition. Seek medical attention if your child appears very ill, regardless of the exact temperature reading.

The Role of Fever in Fighting Infections

Understanding the purpose of fever can help alleviate unnecessary concerns and guide appropriate care.

Fever as a Natural Defense Mechanism

A fever is the body’s natural way of fighting infections. It helps activate the immune system and create an environment less favorable for pathogens to thrive. This is why fevers often return when fever-reducing medications wear off – the body is continuing its fight against the infection.

The Fever Cycle in Viral Infections

In most viral illnesses, fevers follow a predictable pattern. They typically peak and subside over the course of a few days as the body overcomes the infection. If a fever persists beyond 4-5 days, it may be worth investigating for potential bacterial infections that might require antibiotic treatment.

Addressing Low-Grade Fevers

Low-grade fevers, typically defined as temperatures between 99°F and 100.3°F (37.2°C to 37.9°C), often cause confusion for parents. These mild elevations in temperature are usually not cause for concern and may not even require treatment.

Managing Low-Grade Fevers

For low-grade fevers, focus on keeping your child comfortable and well-hydrated. Monitor their overall condition and energy levels rather than fixating on the exact temperature. If the child is active and eating well, treatment may not be necessary.

When Low-Grade Fevers Warrant Attention

While generally harmless, persistent low-grade fevers lasting more than a few days or accompanied by other concerning symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare provider. This could indicate an underlying condition that requires further investigation.

Understanding fevers and their role in a child’s health can help parents make informed decisions about when to treat at home and when to seek medical attention. By focusing on the child’s overall condition rather than just the number on the thermometer, parents can provide appropriate care and avoid unnecessary anxiety. Remember, fevers are often a sign that the body is working effectively to combat illness, and with proper management, most children recover well from febrile illnesses.

The Impact of Age on Fever Management

The approach to managing fevers can vary significantly depending on the age of the child. Understanding these age-specific considerations is crucial for appropriate care.

Newborns and Young Infants (0-3 months)

For this age group, any fever is considered potentially serious. Even a slight elevation in temperature can indicate a severe infection in newborns and young infants due to their immature immune systems. Immediate medical evaluation is necessary for any temperature of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher.

Older Infants and Toddlers (3 months to 3 years)

In this age range, fevers are common and often associated with viral infections. While less urgent than in newborns, fevers in this group should still be monitored closely. Pay attention to other symptoms and the child’s behavior. Seek medical attention if the fever persists for more than three days or is accompanied by concerning symptoms like severe lethargy, difficulty breathing, or signs of dehydration.

School-Age Children (3 years and older)

Older children generally have more robust immune systems and can tolerate fevers better. Focus on the child’s overall condition rather than the exact temperature. If the child is alert, drinking fluids, and responding normally, home care may be sufficient. However, high fevers (above 104°F or 40°C) or fevers lasting more than five days warrant medical evaluation.

Fever Reduction Techniques: Beyond Medication

While fever-reducing medications like acetaminophen and ibuprofen are commonly used, there are other methods to help manage a child’s fever and discomfort.

Hydration Is Key

Ensuring adequate fluid intake is crucial during a fever. Fever can lead to increased fluid loss through sweating and rapid breathing. Offer water, clear soups, or electrolyte solutions frequently. For infants, continue breastfeeding or formula feeding as usual, potentially increasing the frequency of feeds.

Creating a Comfortable Environment

Adjust the room temperature to ensure comfort. A slightly cool environment can help dissipate heat. Dress the child in light, breathable clothing. Avoid bundling them up, as this can trap heat and potentially raise their temperature further.

Lukewarm Baths or Compresses

A lukewarm bath or damp washcloth applied to the forehead, wrists, and the back of the neck can help reduce discomfort. Avoid using cold water, as this can cause shivering, which may increase body temperature.

Rest and Relaxation

Encourage rest, as the body needs energy to fight the infection. However, don’t force a child to stay in bed if they feel up to light activity. Let their energy levels guide their activity.

Understanding Fever Patterns

Fever patterns can provide valuable insights into the underlying cause of the illness. Recognizing these patterns can help in assessing the situation and determining when medical intervention might be necessary.

Continuous Fever

A continuous fever that remains elevated throughout the day and night, with only slight fluctuations, may indicate a bacterial infection. If this type of fever persists for more than three days, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider.

Intermittent Fever

Fevers that spike and then return to normal, only to rise again later, are often associated with viral infections. This pattern is common in many childhood illnesses and may not require immediate medical attention unless accompanied by other concerning symptoms.

Remittent Fever

In this pattern, the fever fluctuates but never returns to normal. This can be seen in some viral infections and certain bacterial infections. If this pattern persists for more than a few days, medical evaluation may be necessary.

The Role of Fever in Different Illnesses

Understanding how fever presents in various common childhood illnesses can help parents better assess their child’s condition and determine appropriate care.

Viral Infections

Most childhood fevers are caused by viral infections. These often include:

• Common cold: Usually accompanied by low-grade fever
• Influenza: Often causes higher fevers, along with body aches and fatigue
• Gastroenteritis: May present with fever alongside vomiting and diarrhea

Viral fevers typically resolve within a few days as the body’s immune system fights off the infection.

Bacterial Infections

Bacterial infections often cause higher, more persistent fevers. Common examples include:

• Strep throat: High fever often accompanied by sore throat and swollen lymph nodes
• Urinary tract infections: May cause fever along with urinary symptoms
• Pneumonia: Can present with high fever, cough, and difficulty breathing

Bacterial infections usually require antibiotic treatment, so medical evaluation is important if a bacterial infection is suspected.

Other Causes of Fever

While infections are the most common cause of fever in children, other factors can also lead to elevated temperatures:

• Immunizations: Some vaccines can cause low-grade fevers as the body builds immunity
• Teething: Contrary to popular belief, teething usually causes only a slight temperature elevation, not a true fever
• Overheating: Environmental factors like hot weather or excessive bundling can raise body temperature

The Psychological Aspect of Fever Management

Managing a child’s fever involves not only physical care but also addressing the psychological aspects for both the child and the caregiver.

Reducing Anxiety in Children

Children may feel scared or anxious when they’re ill. To help alleviate these feelings:

• Explain what’s happening in simple terms
• Provide reassurance and extra comfort
• Engage in quiet activities to distract from discomfort
• Maintain a calm demeanor, as children often pick up on parental anxiety

Managing Parental Concerns

Parents often experience significant worry when their child has a fever. To manage this anxiety:

• Educate yourself about fevers and their role in fighting infections
• Focus on your child’s overall condition rather than just the temperature
• Trust your instincts – if you’re genuinely concerned, don’t hesitate to seek medical advice
• Seek support from other family members or trusted friends

Long-Term Health Considerations

While most fevers in children are short-lived and have no long-term effects, understanding potential long-term health considerations can provide valuable context for parents.

Impact on Immune System Development

Experiencing fevers and fighting off infections is an important part of a child’s immune system development. Each fever helps strengthen the immune response, potentially leading to better health outcomes in the future.

Monitoring for Patterns

If a child experiences frequent or recurring fevers, it may be worth discussing with a pediatrician. While often benign, recurrent fevers can sometimes indicate underlying health issues that require further investigation.

Building Resilience

Successfully navigating through febrile illnesses can build resilience in both children and parents. It provides opportunities to develop coping strategies and confidence in managing health challenges.

By understanding the nature of fevers, their patterns, and appropriate management strategies, parents can approach fever episodes with confidence and provide optimal care for their children. Remember that while fevers can be concerning, they are often a sign of a well-functioning immune system. Always trust your instincts as a parent, and don’t hesitate to seek medical advice when in doubt. With proper care and attention, most children recover quickly from febrile illnesses, emerging with stronger immune systems and increased resilience.

Myths and Facts About Fevers in Children and Infants | University of Utah Health

Fever phobia. It is something I talk about on a daily basis. What is a fever? Do I need to worry, and when is it too high?

I get a lot of questions about fevers, and there’s a lot of misconceptions, too, about fevers. When is it something you really need to be very concerned about, and when is it something that you can say, “Okay, this is something I can manage”?

High or Low-Grade Fever?

One of the first questions your pediatrician will ask if you come in for a cold, for a fever, or for something else that’s an illness is and you’re asked, “Did they have a fever?” And if you say, “Yes,” the first question we’re going to ask is, “How high?” A lot of people will just say, “Oh, they felt warm.”

Well, it’s really important from a doctor’s point of view that you tell us exactly what the temperature was. That tells us how concerned we should be, or if this is something we would expect with whatever you’re bringing your child in for.

So let’s discuss a couple of things about fevers to help you put this all into perspective. First, fevers are bad for children. Wrong. Fevers turn off the body’s immune system. A fever is actually a good sign that your body is working to fight off an infection. Most fevers between 100 and 104 are okay for sick kids.

When Should Babies and Infants Be Seen for Fever?

The exception is babies less than three months of age. If they have a temperature of 100.4 or higher, and that’s a rectal temperature 100.4 or higher, they must be seen right away. That is when we really start getting worried about infections in babies that are dangerous.

What about fevers over 104? Can they cause brain damage? No. Fevers with infections don’t cause brain damage. Only body temperatures over 108 can cause brain damage. The body’s thermometer goes high, but extreme environmental temperatures, such as if a child is in a closed car in hot weather, that’s when you start worrying about the fever going high and causing brain damage.

The next concern is that, “What if my child has a fever? They can have a febrile seizure, which is a seizure that’s triggered a fever.” Well, the truth is only about four percent of children have febrile seizures, and while they may be scary to watch, they usually stop within five minutes, they don’t cause permanent harm, and children who have febrile seizures are not at greater risk for developmental delay, learning disabilities, or epilepsy.

Fever Treatments for Children

Do all fevers need to be treated with fever medicine? Well, only if they cause discomfort. Look to see how your child is acting. If a fever is 102 or 103, you’re going to notice that your child’s not feeling so great. They’re tired. They’re cranky. But I’ve seen kids with a fever of 101 running around in my office. So go by what your child looks like and how they’re acting rather by the number on the thermometer.

“But what if I don’t give them anything for their fever? Won’t the fever keep going higher?” No. The brain has an internal thermostat, and fevers from infection top out at about 103 and 104. They usually don’t go higher than that.

“Well, if I get them something, the fever should come down to normal.” No. Even if you treat it with Tylenol, fevers usually only come down two or three degrees, and it can take about two or three hours for the fever to come down.

“If the fever doesn’t come down, the cause has got to be something serious.” Well, no. Not necessarily. Fevers that don’t respond to fever medicine can be caused by viruses or bacteria, and, again, it doesn’t matter if the medicine works or not because you want to make sure you look at your child’s other symptoms. You can have a child with a severe virus. Bad colds. We’re seeing a lot of really nasty viruses and fevers of 103, close to 104 in the office, but these are all from viruses lately.

“Once the fever comes down, it should stay down.” Well, fevers only last two or three days with most viral illnesses. Actually, doctors don’t even start worrying until a fever has lasted for five or more days.

What Happens if a Fever Lasts Longer than Five Days?

When the medicine wears off, the fever’s going to come back because this is, again, your body’s way of trying to fight off an infection. So once your body overpowers the virus, usually by the fourth day, then the fever goes down. If it doesn’t go down, then, yes, it’s a good idea to make sure your child doesn’t have some bacterial like an infection, a urinary tract infection, or something else that would require antibiotics to treat.

“If the fever’s high, it’s got to be something serious.” Again, if your child looks very sick, the cause is more likely to be serious. It’s not important what number is on the thermometer but how your child looks.

Low-Grade Fever

A lot of parents that say, “My child had a low-grade fever.” Well, what do you consider a low-grade fever? “Anywhere between 98.7 and 100.” These are actually normal variations. The body’s temperature normally changes throughout the day. It peaks in the late afternoon and evening. An actual low-grade fever is 100 to 102.

Stay Hydrated

So what about helping your child get rid of the fever? Should you let the child sweat out the fever? Do they need extra fluids? Do you need to starve a fever? What do you need to do? The best thing is to keep your child comfortable. You can remove any extra clothing and give them extra fluids because, yes, that will help them stay hydrated.

Most heat is lost through the skin, so don’t bundle up your child. Let them go ahead and sweat it out. Sometimes that is what happens because they’ll seem like they feel cold or they’re shivering, but that’s actually the fever breaking.

Medication for Fevers

Again, Tylenol and Motrin are good for fevers. Do not ever give Aspirin to a child under the age of 18. It can cause something very deadly called Reye’s syndrome, and you don’t want to give them that.

We usually say, “Don’t give your baby under 3 months old any Tylenol or Motrin unless directed by your pediatrician, for example, after vaccines. ” If your child does have a fever and they’re under 10 weeks old, again, that’s something serious we need to know about.

Otherwise, your child of 3 months and up can have Tylenol. For Ibuprofen, it’s 6 months and up. Do not give Ibuprofen to a baby under 6 months old. But once they’re older than that, you can definitely give them Tylenol or Motrin.

Be sure to look because Tylenol and Motrin dosing is based on weight. So be sure you have the right dose for your child, and if you’re not sure what it is, go ahead and ask your pediatrician.

Myth: Teething Causees Fever

One more thing, teething does not cause a fever. A lot of kids around the age where they’re starting to teeth are also trying to build up their immune systems. So while they may have a fever, it’s not from teething. It’s from them trying to fight off something.

The bottom line is that fever phobia does exist, and it is something that we all worry about when our child has a fever. But the most important thing is to make sure your child is comfortable. Make sure your child looks okay.

If they look very sick no matter what the number on the temperature, be sure to bring them in. If their temperature is a little bit higher than you’re comfortable with, you’re always welcome to call and get some advice. But a fever is a good thing. It’s your body’s way of actually trying to fight off an illness. Let it do its job.

updated: May 30, 2023
originally published: May 27, 2015

How to Break a Fever and Help Alleviate Your Symptoms

How to Break a Fever and Help Alleviate Your Symptoms

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This article was medically reviewed by Jason R. McKnight, MD, MS, a family medicine physician and clinical assistant professor at Texas A&M College of Medicine. 

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A fever will likely need to run its course, but you can take steps to reduce symptoms.

Boris Zhitkov/Getty Images

• You can help break a fever by resting, drinking plenty of fluids, and cooling the skin with ice packs or a washcloth. 
• Medication, such as ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol), can also help reduce fever symptoms.  
• Most fevers will resolve themselves within a week, and following these strategies can help you get through it. 
• This story is part of Insider’s guide to Fever. 

A fever, which is generally considered a temperature above 100.4° F, is most commonly caused by infection, and is an effective response to fighting off viruses like the flu. It’s often associated with symptoms like chills, muscle aches, and weakness. 

Most fevers will go away on their own in a few days and are not considered dangerous, but treating a fever with home remedies, and sometimes medication, can keep you more comfortable. Here’s what you need to know. 

How to break a fever 

Fevers generally last between one and seven days, says Georgine Nanos, MD. “Most fevers, especially those caused by viruses, are usually self-limited, meaning they will resolve on their own,” she says. 

Despite the fact that they’re usually not dangerous, fevers can be uncomfortable, especially if they go above 101° F. Fevers that are especially high (above 104° F) or that are uncomfortable should be treated, says Joshua Mansour, MD. Here’s how:

• Drinking plenty of fluids. Fever can cause dehydration, so getting lots of fluids — particularly water — is important for both comfort and treatment. Some research has found that hot drinks provide more relief from symptoms like chills and runny nose than cold drinks. 
• Cool the skin by using ice packs or a cool washcloth to the forehead or wrists. Avoid a cold bath, since that could cause you to shiver, which will raise your temperature more. These steps can improve comfort, although they won’t address the root cause of the fever.
• Rest. Staying in bed as much as possible, and sleeping whenever you’re drowsy, allows your body to fight the underlying infection. Dress in light clothes and blankets, even if you’re feeling chilled. 

When to take medication for a fever

Research is mixed about whether it is best to treat fevers or allow them to run their course. Fevers can be protective during an infection, though if there is discomfort, you can reduce symptoms with antipyretics — medications that suppress fever. 

The Mayo Clinic suggests treating babies between six months and two years old when their fever reaches 102° F (for babies under six months with a fever, call the doctor). Anyone older than two should use medication if their fever is higher than 102° F and they are experiencing discomfort. 

“If you’re uncomfortable from the symptoms of a fever then it would be appropriate to take fever-reducing medications,” Nanos says. “Reducing fever with medication also reduces associated symptoms of headache, chills, fatigue, muscle pains, and joint pains.”

The most common medications for treating fever are:

• Ibuprofen (Advil, Mortrin, and others): Ibuprofen can be used for most people older than six months of age, following dosing guidelines. If you have high blood pressure, heart disease, or kidney disease, ask your doctor before using ibuprofen.  
• Acetaminophen (Tylenol and others): Acetaminophen can be used in infants and people of all ages, following the appropriate dosing guidelines. If you have liver disease, ask your doctor before using this medication. 

In addition, some studies have found that combined and alternating doses of ibuprofen and acetaminophen to be more effective at reducing fever in children. However, it’s important not to give too much medication, so seeking medical advice from your provider is important before trying this. 

“The dosage of the medications differ between adults and children and is important to pay close attention,” Mansour says. “It is important to avoid taking too much or for a very prolonged time.”

Treating the underlying cause of the fever with medication is sometimes important. Bacterial infections might need to be treated with antibiotics. Some viral infections, including the flu, can be treated with antiviral medications like Tamiflu. 

“Treatment of the underlying cause will also reduce a fever, but this can take time,” Mansour says. For more information about treating the underlying cause of a fever, read our article about the most common causes of a fever. 

• You’re probably not washing your hands long enough, and it could be making you sick
• Vitamin C for the common cold is a myth, sort of
• Steps you can take when you feel a cold coming on to reduce the severity of your symptoms
• Yes, the flu is contagious. Here’s when you’re most likely to spread the virus
• How long the flu should last and when you should see a doctor
• What you should eat and drink to get over the flu, according to doctors

Kelly Burch

Kelly Burch is a New Hampshire-based freelance journalist writing about finances, health, family, and more. Her work has appeared in The Washington Post, The Chicago Tribune, and Forbes, among others. Follow her on Facebook or Twitter, and or learn more here.   

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Muscles and joints hurt after coronovirus: causes and treatment

editor and medical expert – Klimovich Elina Valerievna.

Editor and medical expert – Harutyunyan Mariam Harutyunovna

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Last update date: 12/29/2022 9 0003

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Contents:

Muscle and joint pain due to COVID-19
Why muscles hurt after coronavirus
How to relieve muscle and joint pain
FAQ

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A new type of coronavirus known as COVID- 19, or SARS-CoV-2, has caused a pandemic and has brought significant changes to the lives of modern people ¹ .

Coronavirus infection affects almost all human organs and systems ¹ , including muscles and joints. Therefore, the main companions of the disease, in addition to fever and cold symptoms ² , are myalgia (muscle pain) and arthralgia (joint pain) ⁵ . Especially often people notice back pain ¹ .

The consequences of a coronavirus infection often make themselves felt in the form of post-covid syndrome: pain in muscles and joints a month after discharge from a medical institution is noted by half of those who have had covid².

Pain syndrome can be observed both at the onset of the disease and after a coronavirus infection, in the post-COVID period ¹ .

In the article we will tell you why muscles and joints hurt after coronavirus, and how you can relieve the pain.

Muscle and joint pain due to COVID-19

Muscle weakness and very severe “extreme” fatigue are common complaints of people with confirmed COVID-19 ^2.4 . Together with muscle pain, there is pain and limited mobility of the joints ^1.2 . The cause of the pain syndrome in the acute period of the disease is an inflammatory reaction of the organism ¹ , in which many biologically active substances are released, including prostaglandins E2. They increase the sensitivity of pain receptors, and pain, in turn, increases inflammation ¹ .

Especially pronounced inflammatory reaction occurs in moderate and severe forms of coronavirus infection ¹ .

Myalgias are more often diffuse in nature, that is, the pain caused by coronavirus is felt not in one muscle, but throughout the body ² .

Why muscles hurt after coronavirus

If muscle and joint pain persists for 12 weeks or more, this may indicate the development of post-covid syndrome ^1.4 . The main signs of post-COVID are chronic pain, fatigue and psycho-emotional problems ³ that cannot be explained by other diseases and disorders ¹ .

Among the causes of muscle and joint pain after a coronavirus infection, the following are distinguished:

• Immune inflammation and tissue damage caused by COVID -19. Some experts believe that post-COVID is associated with the persistence of virus particles in the body, such as viral RNA (genetic material). These particles are incapable of replication, meaning the virus cannot reproduce itself and cause a new infection. However, the presence of viral particles causes the immune system to maintain chronic inflammation ⁴ .
• Damage to small vessels (capillaries) , in which the so-called “sludge” is formed in their lumen ^{3. 5} . The sludge phenomenon consists in the separation of blood serum from blood cells ¹² . Sludge disrupts blood flow in the vessels, causing oxygen starvation of tissues, including muscles and joints ¹² .
• Exacerbation of chronic diseases ³ . Postponed COVID-19 may act as a cause of development or exacerbation of fibromyalgia ³ – a disorder in which a person experiences increased sensitivity to painful stimuli. This results in muscle, joint and tendon pain ⁷ _.

Chronic fatigue syndrome may also develop in the presence of a viral load ² . With this syndrome, patients are worried about severe fatigue, dizziness, headaches, sleep problems, decreased performance and motor activity, which are not associated with any other disease ⁸ .

How to relieve pain in muscles and joints

Pain has a negative impact on quality of life, emotional status and sleep, so you do not need to endure it. Make an appointment with a doctor, tell him how the coronavirus infection proceeded, what drugs you took, whether you had muscle pain before contracting the coronavirus. This information will help your doctor determine the right treatment regimen for you.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to relieve pain ^1.5 eg naproxen¹⁰. The efficacy and safety of naproxen has been proven in clinical studies¹⁰.

Motrin® is a drug whose active ingredient is naproxen. Motrin® is recommended to reduce pain and reduce elevated body temperature ⁹ . It has an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effect and is approved for use from the age of 15 ⁹ . One dose of Motrin® is sufficient up to 12 hours ¹⁴ . You can take the drug without consulting a specialist for up to 5 days ⁹ .

Questions and Answers

Do all people who recover from COVID have muscle pain -19?

No, not everyone infected with SARS-CoV-2 experiences musculoskeletal pain. Complaints of pain in the muscles and / or joints are noted by approximately 56% of patients ² . More often, post-covid manifestations are observed in women over 40 years of age and obese people ² .

Can muscles hurt after being vaccinated against coronavirus?

Vaccine manufacturers note the possibility of pain after vaccination against coronavirus ^6.11 . Pain may be expressed as myalgia ¹² , arthralgia ¹² or pain at the injection site ¹¹ .

What methods help relieve muscle and joint pain?

Combating the consequences of the coronavirus infection should include physical and psychological rehabilitation ³ which includes:

• gradual increase in motor activity ³ ;
• exercise ³ ;
• outdoor walks ³ ;
• weight control ³ .

Can muscle pain go away on its own after coronavirus?

After the end of the acute period of illness, some people still have the prerequisites for chronic pain ⁵ . Therefore, it is necessary to stop (eliminate) the pain syndrome ¹ . For this purpose, drugs with analgesic action are used ¹ .

Adequate pain management and moderate exercise help improve the quality of life for people with post-coronavirus muscle and joint pain and prevent chronic pain ¹ .

The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace professional medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment, contact a qualified specialist.

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References:

1. Akhmedzhanova LT, Ostroumova TM, Solokha OA. Management of patients with pain syndromes due to COVID-19. Neurology, neuropsychiatry, psychosomatics. 2021;13(5):96–101.
2. Shostak N.A., Klimenko A.A., Demidova N . A . Musculoskeletal manifestations of novel coronavirus infection: focus on arthralgia and myalgia. Clinician 2021;15(1–4)–K650. DOI: 10.17650/1818‑8338‑2021‑15‑1‑4‑К650.
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Otitis media: symptoms, causes, treatment

Contents

• 1 Otitis media: symptoms, causes and treatments
  • 1.1 Otitis media: symptoms, causes, treatment
    • 1.1.1 What is otitis media?
  • 1.2 Main signs of otitis media
  • 1.3 Otitis media: types and symptoms
    • 1.3.1 External otitis media
    • 1.3.2 Otitis media
    • 1.3.3 Otitis media
  • 1.4 Causes of otitis media
    • 1.4.1 Viral and bacterial infections
    • 1.4.2 Injuries of the auricle
    • 1 .4.3 Various disorders in the functioning of the ear
    • 1.4.4 Heredity and excessive weight
  • 1.5 Otitis risk groups
  • 1.6 How is otitis media diagnosed?
  • 1.7 How is otitis media treated?
    • 1.7.1 Principles of treatment
    • 1. 7.2 Pharmacotherapy
    • 1.7.3 Surgery
    • 1.7.4 Prevention
  • 1.8 Medications to treat otitis media
  • 1.9 What treatments help with otitis media?
  • 1.10 Prevention of otitis: how to prevent the disease?
  • 1.11 When to see a doctor for otitis media
  • 1.12 Related videos:
  • 1.13 Q&A:
    • • 1.13.0.1 What are the symptoms of otitis media?
      • 1.13.0.2 What can cause otitis media?
      • 1.13.0.3 What are the main treatments for otitis media?
      • 1.13.0.4 How can otitis media be prevented?
      • 1.13.0.5 How long can otitis media last?
      • 1.13.0.6 What are the possible complications of otitis media?

Otitis is a disease of the ear, which is accompanied by inflammation of the mucous membrane and is manifested by pain, hearing impairment and the release of purulent fluid from the ear canal. In the article you will learn about the causes, manifestations and methods of treatment of this disease.

Otitis media is a common ear disease that can affect any of its three sections: external, middle or internal. Otitis media can occur at any age and presents with ear pain, hearing loss, itching, ear discharge, and other symptoms.

There are various causes of otitis media, including infections, allergic reactions, trauma, metabolic disorders, and other factors. In addition, some people are more susceptible to developing otitis media than others.

Treatment of otitis media depends on its cause and severity. In some cases, simple home measures are sufficient, such as applying heat or cold to the affected area. In other cases, antibiotics or surgery may be required. Therefore, it is important to consult a specialist at the first symptoms of otitis media in order to receive the correct treatment.

Left untreated, otitis media can lead to serious consequences such as hearing loss or spread of infection to other parts of the body.

In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the symptoms, causes, and treatments for otitis media, as well as provide some advice on how you can take daily steps to prevent it from developing.

Otitis: symptoms, causes, treatment

What is otitis media?

Otitis is an inflammation of the middle ear, which can be caused by various causes. Otitis media can present with a variety of symptoms, such as earache, hearing loss, ear discharge, and others.

Otitis media can be caused by infectious diseases, Eustachian tube disorders, ear injuries, allergic reactions, and other factors. Many of them can be prevented if preventive measures are followed.

Main signs of otitis media

Otitis media is a disease characterized by inflammation of the middle ear and can lead to serious consequences if not treated on time. Here are some symptoms that may indicate the presence of otitis media.

• The pain in the ear can be so severe that it prevents you from sleeping or even getting out of bed.
• Fever is a sign of inflammation and may be a concomitant effect of otitis media.
• Hearing loss or tinnitus – Otitis media can cause hearing loss on one side or tinnitus, which also indicates a congested situation in the ear.
• The presence of fluid in the ear or even its discharge is also a sign of otitis media.
• Other symptoms of include itching and discomfort in the ear, headache, and lightning-like pain that radiates through the face and may indicate infection has spread to nearby areas.

If you notice any of these symptoms, see your doctor to make sure you don’t have otitis media and, if so, start treatment as soon as possible.

Otitis media: types and symptoms

External otitis media

This type of otitis media is characterized by inflammation of the outer part of the ear, which includes the earlobe and sound tube. Symptoms of such otitis media can include redness, swelling, and pain in the ear area, as well as itching and reluctance to have anything touch the ear.

Otitis media

Otitis media develops in the middle ear and is usually caused by a bacterial infection. The main symptoms of otitis media include ear pain, fluid leaking from the ear, hearing loss, and fever.

Otitis media

Otitis media can be caused by infection, trauma or genetic factors. Symptoms of otitis media may include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, incoordination, and ringing in the ears.

1. Reactive otitis media – occurs as a result of an allergic reaction.
2. Chronic otitis media – may occur as a complication of another type of otitis media. It is characterized by regular pain in the ear, constant tinnitus and discharge of pus from the ears.

If you find signs of otitis, do not forget that self-medication can lead to complications. Be sure to consult a doctor so that he prescribes the correct treatment.

Causes of otitis media

Otitis is an inflammation of the ear. Otitis can be caused by various reasons.

Viral and bacterial infections

Otitis media is often a complication of colds such as SARS, flu and runny nose. Viruses or bacteria enter the ear through the throat and cause inflammation. Also, infection can occur as a result of trauma to the ears or a sudden change in pressure, such as when flying in an airplane.

Injuries to the ear

Injuries or wounds to the ear can cause otitis media. For example, when cleaning the ears with flakes, using sharp objects such as toothpicks or nipples, or as a result of a head injury.

Miscellaneous ear disorders

Other causes of inflammation of the auricle can be associated with a disorder in the ear, such as improper use of hearing aids, difficulty in draining secretions from the ears, anatomical features of the ear.

Heredity and overweight

There is also a theory that otitis can be associated with heredity and overweight, but this assumption still requires additional research.

Otitis risk groups

Otitis media is a disease that affects people of all ages, but some groups are at higher risk of developing it.

• Young children . Children under 2 years of age often get otitis due to the fact that their immune system has not yet formed and they have narrower and shorter auditory tubes.
• People with weakened immune systems . People with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, cancer, or other diseases that suppress the immune system are also more susceptible to otitis media.
• People with frequent runny nose . Allergies, chronic runny nose and other diseases that lead to constant congestion in the nose can contribute to the development of otitis media.
• People working in high risk environments . Water treatment workers, bathers and divers are at increased risk of otitis media because they are constantly in water or in a humid environment.

How is otitis media diagnosed?

Otitis media is an inflammation of the ear that can affect the outer, middle, or inner ear. For the correct diagnosis of otitis media, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, which includes an examination of the ear, anamnesis and additional studies.

During the anamnesis, the specialist asks the patient questions regarding the possible presence of risk factors that can provoke the development of otitis media. It specifies the time of appearance of the first symptoms of the disease and previous infectious diseases.

Additional research methods for diagnosing otitis media can be audiometry (hearing assessment), tomography (computed and magnetic resonance), or bacteriological examination of secretions selected from the ear.

All these methods allow the specialist to obtain complete information about the condition of the ear and make an accurate diagnosis. Early detection of otitis media is highly important, as untreated disease can cause serious complications.

• Ear examination by an otolaryngologist.
• Anamnesis – clarification of the patient’s medical history.
• Additional research methods: audiometry, tomography, bacteriological examination.

How is otitis media treated?

Principles of treatment

The treatment of otitis media depends on the type and extent of the disease. It can be conservative or surgical, depending on the nature of the lesion of the auricle. But undoubtedly, the goal of each specialist is to eliminate inflammation and quickly return the patient to a full life.

Currently, the identification of the localization and degree of damage to the ear is the primary task of the doctor, from which any effective treatment begins. A thorough examination and diagnosis of the ears helps the doctor to identify the causes of inflammation, which becomes the key to the correct selection of treatment.

Pharmacotherapy

For conservative treatment, it is recommended to use complex preparations such as antibiotics, painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Depending on the stage of the disease, local and/or systemic treatment may be used. Most often, drops and ointments contain antibacterial, anti-inflammatory or antifungal components, which contributes to the rapid elimination of inflammation and discomfort in the ears.

Surgery

Surgery is recommended when conservative measures have failed. This can be myringotomy, aspiration, removal of bone lobes, tympanoplasty, etc. In each individual case, the doctor chooses the most appropriate surgical technique that can give the maximum positive result.

Prevention

Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of otitis media. It is important to treat colds on time, avoid hypothermia, use water protection when visiting pools, control the risk of noise exposure, and practice personal hygiene measures that can help reduce the likelihood of this disease.

Medications for the treatment of otitis media

Otitis media is an inflammatory disease of the ear that, in addition to pain and discomfort, can lead to serious complications if not treated on time. Various drugs can be used to treat otitis media, and the choice depends on the type and extent of the disease.

• Antibiotics – may be given for bacterial ear infections. Antibiotics are selected depending on the age of the patient, the severity of the disease and other individual factors. A course of antibiotics is usually prescribed for 5 to 10 days.
• Anti-inflammatory medicines – used to reduce pain and inflammation in the ear. These include NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and acetaminophen. However, it is worth remembering that these drugs can adversely affect the stomach and kidneys, so they should be taken only as directed by a doctor.
• Ear drops – used to reduce pain and inflammation in the ear. They may contain antibiotics, anti-inflammatory and anesthetic drugs. It is important to understand that ear drops must be applied correctly, observing the dosage and frequency of use.

It is important to remember that self-treatment of otitis media can lead to serious consequences, and medications should only be prescribed after consulting a doctor. In addition, the drugs must be taken in strict accordance with the doctor’s recommendations, the dosage and timing of use must be observed.

What treatments help with otitis media?

Otitis media is an ear disease that can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Useful procedures for otitis are the following:

• Prohibition of inserting all objects into the ears. This includes nasal drops, rollers, sticks, tissues and other items that people commonly use to clean their ears. Inserting objects can damage the skin or break the eardrum, which can lead to more serious infections.
• Use of anti-inflammatory drugs. Some medicines can help relieve pain and reduce inflammation, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen (under medical supervision).
• Carrying out thermal procedures. This may include the use of warm and cold compressions (depending on the stage of otitis media), a heating pad, or simply tilting the head to one side to help drain fluid from the ear.
• Use of ear drops to relax the eardrum. This may help relieve painful symptoms and speed up the healing process. Drops should be prescribed only by a doctor.
• Immunity stimulating treatments. Vitamin C and zinc help the immune system fight infections.

It is important to remember that otitis media is a serious disease and self-treatment can lead to undesirable consequences. At the first symptoms, you should consult a doctor.

Prevention of otitis: how to prevent the disease?

Otitis is a disease that occurs due to inflammation of the auricle. Despite the fact that this disease is easily treated, it can cause a lot of discomfort and complications. There are several methods for the prevention of otitis media.

• Primary ear hygiene . It is impossible to leave various objects in the auricle, for example, plugs. It is advisable to clean the ear from sulfur once every two weeks using special tools.
• Swimming in the pool . Ear plugs or special caps should be worn to protect the ears from contact with water.
• Monitor for inflammatory diseases . The most common cause of otitis media is bacteria and viruses, so it is important to treat sore throats and noses right away.
• First aid. If you have a last tooth, it’s best to have a “tooth extraction” dental procedure instead of risking an infection from the tooth. You can use a heating pad for pain and pain medication at your nearest pharmacy. If the symptoms do not disappear, you should consult a doctor.

If you follow these tips, you can significantly reduce your risk of otitis media. Remember prevention is much better than cure.

When to see a doctor for otitis media

Otitis media is an ear disease that can lead to serious complications if you do not seek medical attention. Symptoms of otitis media, such as acute ear pain, hearing loss, or ear discharge, should be monitored and treated early.

Different types of otitis can have different symptoms, so it is important not to miss even the slightest change in the ears. If you have recurring ear pain, it is best to seek help from a specialist. This will avoid the development of the disease and prevent its negative consequences.

Do not hesitate to see a doctor if you have symptoms of otitis media. Early contact with a specialist can help to quickly and painlessly solve the problem, as well as avoid possible complications.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What are the symptoms of otitis media?

Symptoms of otitis media may include ear pain, ear redness, hearing loss, ear discharge, dizziness, vomiting, fever, and trembling.