How does Tylenol affect fever reduction. What are the potential risks of using fever-reducing medications. Is increased fluid intake always beneficial during fever. How does fever impact the body’s immune response. What are alternative approaches to managing fever symptoms.

The Science Behind Fever and Its Treatment

Fever is a natural defense mechanism of the body, characterized by an increase in core body temperature in response to infection or inflammation. While commonly viewed as a symptom to be suppressed, fever plays a crucial role in the immune response. However, the traditional approaches to fever management, such as taking fever-reducing medications and increasing fluid intake, may not always be the most effective strategies.

Understanding Fever’s Role in the Immune Response

Why does the body induce fever during infections? Fever serves several important functions in fighting off pathogens:

• It creates an unfavorable environment for many microorganisms to thrive
• It enhances the activity of immune cells
• It accelerates the production of antibodies

Despite these benefits, excessively high fevers can be dangerous, which is why fever management is often necessary. But how we approach this management can significantly impact the course of an illness.

The Impact of Fever-Reducing Medications

Acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen, and aspirin are commonly used to reduce fever and alleviate associated symptoms. However, recent research suggests that these medications may have unintended consequences on the body’s ability to fight infections.

Potential Drawbacks of Fever Reducers

How do fever-reducing medications affect the immune response? Studies have shown that these drugs can:

• Suppress the body’s natural immune response
• Increase viral shedding, potentially prolonging illness duration
• Mask symptoms, leading to a false sense of recovery

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study revealed that healthy individuals infected with a cold virus who took aspirin or acetaminophen for a week experienced a reduced immune response and increased viral shedding. This suggests that while these medications may provide symptomatic relief, they could potentially prolong the overall duration of illness.

The Role of Hydration in Fever Management

The common advice to “drink plenty of fluids” during a fever is widely accepted, but is it always beneficial? While maintaining proper hydration is crucial, excessive fluid intake can lead to unexpected complications.

Risks of Overhydration

Can drinking too much water be harmful during a fever? In some cases, yes. Overhydration can lead to:

• Nausea and vomiting
• Headaches and muscle cramps
• In severe cases, seizures or coma

During fever, the body releases antidiuretic hormones to prevent dangerous temperature escalations. This leads to reduced urination and increased water retention. Consequently, excessive fluid intake can result in water intoxication or hyponatremia, a potentially fatal condition characterized by abnormally low blood sodium levels.

Fever’s Impact on Viral Infections

Recent studies have shed light on the relationship between fever and viral infections, particularly in the context of influenza and COVID-19. How does fever affect the progression of these illnesses?

Fever and Influenza

Research suggests that suppressing fever during influenza infections may have population-level consequences. A study indicated that if everyone took fever suppressants, there could be an increase in flu cases and related deaths. This highlights the potential public health implications of widespread fever reduction practices.

Fever and COVID-19

In the case of COVID-19, elevated body temperature has been found to potentially aid in fighting the virus. How does fever impact COVID-19 progression? It can help by:

• Reducing viral growth in the lungs
• Enhancing the body’s immune response against the virus

However, it’s important to note that a study found nearly a quarter of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospitals had hyponatremia, which was associated with an increased need for ventilation support.

Alternative Approaches to Fever Management

Given the potential drawbacks of traditional fever management techniques, what alternative approaches can be considered? While it’s crucial to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice, some general strategies include:

• Allowing low-grade fevers to run their course, if tolerable
• Using non-pharmacological cooling methods, such as cool compresses
• Focusing on rest and sleep to support the immune system
• Maintaining hydration based on thirst, rather than forcing fluids

These approaches aim to support the body’s natural defense mechanisms while mitigating the risks associated with aggressive fever reduction and overhydration.

Personalized Fever Management: Factors to Consider

While general guidelines for fever management exist, it’s essential to recognize that each individual’s situation may require a tailored approach. What factors should be considered when deciding how to manage a fever?

Age and Health Status

The appropriate fever management strategy can vary significantly based on age and overall health. For instance:

• Infants and young children may require more careful monitoring and different interventions
• Elderly individuals or those with chronic health conditions may be more susceptible to complications from high fevers
• Pregnant women need to consider potential impacts on fetal development

Underlying Cause of Fever

The origin of the fever can influence the most appropriate treatment approach. How does the cause of fever affect management strategies?

• Bacterial infections may require antibiotic treatment alongside fever management
• Viral infections often benefit from supportive care that doesn’t interfere with the immune response
• Non-infectious causes of fever (e.g., autoimmune conditions) may necessitate specific treatments

Severity and Duration of Fever

The intensity and persistence of a fever can guide management decisions. At what point should more aggressive interventions be considered?

• Low-grade fevers (below 101°F or 38.3°C) in adults often don’t require treatment unless accompanied by significant discomfort
• Moderate fevers (101°F to 103°F or 38.3°C to 39.4°C) may benefit from careful monitoring and supportive care
• High fevers (above 103°F or 39.4°C) or those lasting more than a few days warrant medical attention

Understanding these factors can help individuals and healthcare providers make more informed decisions about fever management, balancing symptom relief with the body’s need to mount an effective immune response.

The Role of Rest and Sleep in Fever Recovery

While much attention is given to medication and hydration in fever management, the importance of rest and sleep should not be underestimated. How do rest and sleep contribute to recovery during a fever?

Sleep and Immune Function

Quality sleep plays a crucial role in supporting the immune system. During sleep:

• The body produces and releases cytokines, proteins that help fight infection and inflammation
• T-cells, key players in the immune response, are better able to attach to and destroy infected cells
• The stress hormone cortisol is reduced, allowing for better immune function

Rest and Energy Conservation

Fever increases the body’s metabolic rate, leading to higher energy expenditure. How does rest help during this process?

• It allows the body to direct more energy towards fighting the infection
• It helps prevent overexertion, which could potentially worsen symptoms
• It supports the body’s natural healing processes

Encouraging adequate rest and sleep during a fever can significantly contribute to a faster and more effective recovery. This approach aligns with the body’s natural healing mechanisms and supports overall immune function.

Nutritional Considerations During Fever

While hydration often takes center stage in fever management discussions, the role of nutrition should not be overlooked. What dietary approaches can support recovery during a fever?

Nutrient-Dense Foods

During a fever, the body’s nutritional needs may change. Which foods can be particularly beneficial?

• Broths and soups: Provide hydration along with essential minerals
• Fruits and vegetables: Offer vitamins and antioxidants to support immune function
• Lean proteins: Support the production of antibodies and immune cells

The Role of Specific Nutrients

Certain nutrients play crucial roles in immune function and recovery. How can these be incorporated into the diet during a fever?

• Vitamin C: Found in citrus fruits, berries, and leafy greens, it supports immune cell function
• Zinc: Present in nuts, seeds, and lean meats, it helps in the production of immune cells
• Vitamin D: Obtained from sunlight exposure or supplements, it modulates immune responses

While appetite may be reduced during a fever, focusing on nutrient-dense, easily digestible foods can support the body’s recovery process. However, it’s important to listen to the body and not force food intake if nausea or lack of appetite persists.

When to Seek Medical Attention for a Fever

While many fevers can be managed at home, certain situations require professional medical intervention. What are the signs that indicate a fever needs medical attention?

High-Risk Groups

Some individuals are more susceptible to complications from fever and should seek medical care sooner. Who falls into these high-risk categories?

• Infants under 3 months old with any fever
• Children with a fever lasting more than 3 days
• Adults with a fever over 103°F (39.4°C) that doesn’t respond to treatment
• Individuals with compromised immune systems
• People with chronic medical conditions

Concerning Symptoms

Certain symptoms accompanying a fever warrant immediate medical attention. What are these red flags?

• Severe headache or neck stiffness
• Confusion or altered mental state
• Difficulty breathing or chest pain
• Persistent vomiting or severe abdominal pain
• Seizures or convulsions

While fever is often a sign that the body is fighting an infection, these symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying condition that requires prompt medical evaluation and treatment.

The Future of Fever Management: Emerging Research and Approaches

As our understanding of fever and its role in the immune response evolves, new approaches to fever management are being explored. What cutting-edge research is shaping the future of fever treatment?

Targeted Immunomodulation

Instead of broadly suppressing fever, researchers are investigating ways to modulate specific aspects of the immune response. How might this approach change fever management?

• Developing drugs that enhance beneficial aspects of fever while mitigating harmful effects
• Exploring the use of cytokine modulators to fine-tune the immune response
• Investigating personalized approaches based on individual immune profiles

Advanced Monitoring Technologies

Technological advancements are enabling more sophisticated fever monitoring. What new tools are being developed?

• Wearable devices that continuously track body temperature and other vital signs
• AI-powered systems that analyze temperature patterns to predict fever progression
• Remote monitoring solutions for healthcare providers to track patients’ fevers from afar

Holistic Approaches

There’s growing interest in integrating traditional medicine practices with modern fever management. What holistic methods are being studied?

• Investigating the efficacy of herbal remedies in supporting the body during fever
• Exploring the potential of mind-body techniques like meditation in modulating the immune response
• Developing comprehensive approaches that address physical, mental, and emotional aspects of fever recovery

These emerging areas of research promise to provide more nuanced and effective strategies for managing fever in the future, potentially leading to improved outcomes and reduced reliance on traditional fever-reducing medications.

Conclusion: A Balanced Approach to Fever Management

The traditional view of fever as an enemy to be suppressed is evolving as research unveils its complex role in the immune response. While fever-reducing medications like Tylenol can provide relief from discomfort, their use should be carefully considered in light of potential impacts on the body’s natural defense mechanisms.

A balanced approach to fever management involves:

• Recognizing fever as a natural and often beneficial immune response
• Using fever-reducing medications judiciously, particularly for high fevers or significant discomfort
• Maintaining appropriate hydration based on thirst, rather than forcing excessive fluid intake
• Prioritizing rest and sleep to support the body’s healing processes
• Focusing on nutrition to provide the body with necessary resources for recovery
• Monitoring fever progression and associated symptoms to determine when medical intervention is necessary

As research continues to advance our understanding of fever and its management, individuals and healthcare providers alike must stay informed about the latest findings and recommendations. By adopting a more nuanced approach to fever treatment, we can better support the body’s natural defenses while minimizing potential risks and complications.

Ultimately, the goal is to strike a balance between providing symptomatic relief and allowing the body’s immune system to function effectively. This approach, tailored to individual needs and circumstances, offers the best chance for a swift and complete recovery from fever-inducing illnesses.

Why taking fever-reducing meds and drinking fluids may not be the best way to treat flu and fever

As flu season progresses, so does the chorus of advice, professional and otherwise, to drink plenty of fluids and take fever-reducing medications, like acetaminophen, ibuprofen or aspirin.

These recommendations, well-intentioned and firmly entrenched, offer comfort to those sidelined with fever, flu or vaccine side effects. But you may be surprised to learn the science supporting these recommendations is speculative at best, harmful at worst and comes with caveats.

I am an exercise physiologist who specializes in studying how the body regulates fluids and temperature. And based on a wide body of evidence, I can tell you that increased fluid intake and taking fever reducers, whether aspirin, acetaminophen or ibuprofen, may not always help in your recovery. In fact, in some cases, it could be harmful.

There’s a reason why people say fevers should be lowered when sick or after a vaccine. Both aspirin and acetaminophen, such as Tylenol, reduce fever, headaches and muscle aches. But at the same time, seminal and newer studies, including broad meta-analysis studies, show that these medications may weaken the immune response to infection or have unwanted side effects.

What is a fever?

First, some background: Fevers are a regulated increase in core body temperature as a response to unwanted microbial invaders.
The more severe the infection, the higher the fever.

Having a fever is not all bad; it’s how the body has evolved to recuperate from an infection. For many species, fevers are advantageous and beneficial for survival.

But fever comes with a cost. A body temperature that’s too high can be deadly. For every increase of 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, metabolism goes up 10%; the body begins to burn more calories than normal, temperature continues to rise and the body releases hormones to keep fever under control.

Many studies demonstrate what can happen when fever reducers are thrust into this complex dance. It turns out aspirin or acetaminophen may cause infected people to feel better, but they also spread more virus while suppressing their own immune response to the infection.

In one double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy people infected with a cold virus who took aspirin or acetaminophen for a week had a reduced immune response and an increase in viral shedding – meaning producing and expelling virus particles from the nose. Another study showed that taking aspirin effectively reduced fever symptoms but increased shedding.

Although some of those traditional studies took place decades ago, their results still hold up today. A recent study warned that if everyone took fever suppressants, there would be even more flu cases and flu-related deaths. Furthermore, elevated body temperature – or fever – can help fight COVID-19 by reducing the growth of the virus within the lungs. In other words, fevers can help the body fight viruses while reducing the rate of death and disease.

Drinking fluids

To prevent dehydration, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends drinking more fluids when one has a fever or infection, or has received a COVID-19 vaccine. But there is scant scientific evidence to support this recommendation.

Drinking fluids to excess can lead to overhydration.
Dina Morozova/iStock via Getty Images Plus

It’s true that drinking fluids when dehydrated is necessary to reduce fever. But not everyone with a fever is dehydrated. For those who aren’t thirsty, forcing fluids beyond thirst, which is often unpleasant, may not be advisable.

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A study that evaluated the advice to “drink plenty of fluids” determined that increasing fluid intake when sick may not offer benefits, and that more high-quality studies are needed. Indeed, there was a potential risk from overhydration. For some people, three liters, or about 12 eight-ounce glasses, is too much. Overhydration can cause nausea and vomiting, headaches and cramps; in severe cases, excessive fluid intake can cause seizures or coma.

Here’s why this happens. To stop dangerous escalations in fever, the body releases antidiuretic hormones. Urination is diminished, so the body retains water through the actions of the kidneys. So if someone with a fever drinks more water than necessary, water intoxication – or hyponatremia, a potentially fatal medical condition in which a patient’s blood sodium levels are too low – could follow.

One study found that nearly a quarter of patients who came to the hospital with COVID-19 had hyponatremia upon admission. In that study, hyponatremia increased the need for breathing support in the form of ventilation. And another study showed that the condition can lead to poorer outcomes in COVID-19 patients.

So maybe it’s time to rethink the conventional wisdom. If the fever is mild or moderate, stay warm, even use blankets, rather than try to actively reduce it. Rest, so your body can fight the fever. Conserve energy because your metabolism is already on overdrive. Use fever-reducing medications sparingly. Drink fluids, but only to tolerance, and preferably when thirsty.

And one final suggestion that should be soothing: When fighting a fever or vaccine side effects, consider sipping warm liquids that contain sodium. Broths containing sodium, like bullion, may help avoid hyponatremia. And although the actual scientific evidence is sparse and conflicting, chicken soup may be a better antidote than water when fending off a fever or flu symptoms.

How Does Acetaminophen Work? | Tufts University School of Medicine

September 14, 2022

It’s still kind of a mystery exactly how it relieves fever and pain, says Allen Shaughnessy, Pharm.D., a Tufts professor of family medicine

by Allen Shaughnessy, Pharm.D., M.Med.Ed., professor of family medicine

Who hasn’t taken acetaminophen? Known by brand names as Tylenol, Panadol, or just “non-aspirin pain reliever,” we’ve used it to treat our headaches, pains, and fevers. Ubiquitous in medicine cabinets, it has been around a long time—acetaminophen was first synthesized in 1878 and first used to treat pain and fever in 1893.

Yet it didn’t come into widespread use until 1950 when Tylenol Elixir for Children, originally a prescription medicine, was marketed as an alternative to aspirin.

How does it work? Like many medications, acetaminophen—known as paracetamol outside the U.S. and Japan—was originally derived from coal tar, a derivative of coal from which we get several medicines and even food and clothing dyes, especially the deep blues and purples.

It was discovered by accident. A researcher investigating a treatment for intestinal worms asked for a product to study, but was given the wrong chemical instead—acetanilide—that had no effect on worms. It did, though, lower fever. Acetanilide has side effects, though, and acetaminophen was derived from it to be a safer alternative.

Acetaminophen has two actions in the body: reducing fever and providing relief for mild to moderate pain. Though it has been studied for almost 150 years, how it works remains a mystery.

That it works for many causes of pain, from a toothache to stubbed toe, signals that it works in the central nervous system, rather than at the site of pain like local anesthetics or analgesics such as ibuprofen or aspirin. Similarly, it also is likely to work in the brain to control the mechanism used by the body to elevate body temperature.

Several mechanisms were proposed, only to be refuted by subsequent studies. Its effects on serotonin in the brain and even on endocannabinoid receptors—where cannabis exerts its action in the brain—have been explored.

The most promising, yet still speculative, explanation is that it works on one of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Blocking this enzyme at the cause of the pain is the mechanism by which nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) work. But the effect of acetaminophen at the pain site is too weak to be responsible for relief. However, acetaminophen might block the enzyme production in the brain, thus blocking the further transmission of the pain nerve impulses.

As with other pain relievers except opioids, such as morphine, it has a “ceiling effect” to its pain-relieving abilities. That is, after a certain dose, higher doses do not provide additional pain relief.

Fever occurs when something—infection or other causes—triggers the master body control in the brain, the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus, to reset core body temperature above the usual 98.6 degrees. Acetaminophen, as well as NSAIDs and aspirin, are thought to affect this regulatory center to decrease body temperature. Again, the mechanism is speculated to be the blocking of the COX enzyme.

Acetaminophen is literally in a drug class all its own, in contrast to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for which there are dozens of types. And it is for this reason—that it works but scientists don’t know how it works—that there is only one acetaminophen.

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Tylenol Extra Strength | 59 factors

81 points

Tylenol Extra Strength

Tylenol Extra Strength

Why is Tylenol Extra Strength better than others?

• Paracetamol?
  500mg vs 175. 77mg
• Tablets per pack?
  325 vs 44.37
• Dosage period?
  10 vs 7.75
• Elimination period?
  3.2h vs 3.42h
• Shelf life? Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Tylenol Arthritis Pain

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Tylenol Regular Strength

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Midol Complete Caplets

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Tylenol PM

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Excedrin Migraine

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Goody’s Extra Strength Headache Powder

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Panadol Extra Advance

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Excedrin Extra Strength

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Advil Liqui-Gels

  Tylenol Extra Strength

  vs

  Anacin Maximum Strength Tablets

  Composition

  ibuprofen

  Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The analgesic effect of ibuprofen takes effect immediately, however, the anti-inflammatory effects can last up to a week.

  paracetamol

  Paracetamol (acetaminophen in the US) is classified as a mild analgesic. It suppresses the feeling of pain, but does not treat the cause.

  aspirin

  Aspirin can be used as an analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent.

  caffeine

  Research has shown that caffeine can increase the effectiveness of many analgesics, resulting in better, faster pain relief.

  codeine

  Codeine is an opiate used to treat mild to moderate pain. Opioids can change mood, sometimes resulting in a feeling of euphoria. It may be helpful in relieving pain, but addiction and withdrawal symptoms may occur.

  Has more than one active ingredient

  ✖Tylenol Extra Strength

  This product contains more than one active ingredient. These combinations usually complement each other, and sometimes one ingredient can enhance the effectiveness of another.

  naproxin

  Naproxen is an anti-inflammatory that can be used to treat a variety of pain symptoms.

  Effects

  Toothache

  ✔Tylenol Extra Strength

  Toothache is pain in and around the teeth and jaw, often caused by caries.

  Anti-Inflammatory

  ✖Tylenol Extra Strength

  Anti-inflammatory drugs are especially good for muscle and joint pain because they not only block the pain, but also treat the cause.

  Antipyretic (reduces body temperature)

  ✔Tylenol Extra Strength

  Antipyretic drugs help to reduce body temperature. This helps patients feel better, however, this is not always recommended as fever may be a natural defense against infections.

  Rheumatic pain

  ✔Tylenol Extra Strength

  Rheumatic pain is pain in the joints and connective tissue, most commonly caused by arthritis.

  Muscle pain

  ✔Tylenol Extra Strength

  Muscle pain can be caused by exercise or other stress, and infections such as the flu.

  Migraine

  ✔Tylenol Extra Strength

  Migraine is a very severe headache often accompanied by other symptoms such as flickering light, blind spots, tingling and sensitivity to light. Migraine sufferers often find it difficult to find adequate relief.

  Does not cause bloating

  ✖Tylenol Extra Strength

  Bloating, usually in the abdomen, causes discomfort. This is usually caused by a buildup of liquid or gas.

  Not associated with constipation

  ✖Tylenol Extra Strength

  Constipation means that there is difficulty with regular bowel movements.

  Naproxen not associated with heart risk

  ✔Tylenol Extra Strength

  Naproxen may increase your risk of heart attack or stroke, especially if you use it for a long period of time.

  Antipyresis in children

  Fedor Katasonov, a pediatrician at GMS Clinic, answered the most popular questions about what to do if a child has a fever in his Fediatry Telegram channel.

  How to measure temperature?

  I prefer a contact electronic thermometer, which is placed under the arm. After he squeaks, he must be held for another 3-4 minutes. After that, the readings will be approximately equal to those on a standard mercury thermometer. I do not recommend non-contact thermometers and measurements in the mouth and in the anus.

  Why measure temperature?

  The measurement is primarily of diagnostic value. We have a slightly different approach to conditions where the temperature is above or below the conditional limit of 38 degrees Celsius. Since most fevers in our latitudes resolve themselves within 3 days, in the absence of threatening symptoms, I recommend observation within 72 hours after the first rise in temperature above 38. If after this period it again rises above 38, a doctor’s examination is necessary to decide whether whether it is a protracted virus (and we continue to observe) or more aggressive intervention is required. Thus, we measure temperature to determine treatment tactics, but not to resolve the issue of fever reduction.

  How do I decide whether to lower the temperature?

  The answer is simple, regardless of the cause of the temperature. It does not matter if it is associated with an infection or a post-vaccination reaction, teething or other reasons.

  We lower the temperature when the child is unwell.

  There is nothing so useful in a rise in temperature that it can be tolerated, and nothing so harmful that it is necessary to take medicines when feeling normal. Therefore, when solving the issue of fever reduction, we look not at the thermometer, but at the child. If he is unwell, he is breathing heavily, lethargic, his muscles or his head hurt – you even lower 37.8. But if you can’t catch up with a child at 38.8 to pour medicine into him, then there is no need for medicine.

  How to lower the temperature?

  Since only parents of small children ask this question, I will not write about drugs for older children.

  Toddlers have only three home remedies to lower their temperature: the physical method, paracetamol (acetaminophen), and ibuprofen. If the child’s hands and feet are warm, they should be undressed, hung with wet towels, wiped with water at room temperature, wrapped in a wet handkerchief, or even put in a cool shower. To give or not to give at the same time the medicine is your choice. Depends on the level of your panic and the behavior of the child. Small children cool down perfectly on their own, sometimes it’s enough just to free them from their clothes. If the hands and feet are cold – vasospasm has begun – the physical method is not recommended, and only medicines remain.

  What formulation should I use?

  It’s not very important. Syrups with paracetamol (Panadol, Calpol, Tylenol, etc.) or ibuprofen (Nurofen, Advil) are easier to dose. Suppositories (Panadol, Efferalgan, Cefecon with paracetamol or Nurofen with ibuprofen) are good when the child cannot drink syrup (vomiting, allergic to additives). It seems to me that it is enough to have paracetamol suppositories at home for low temperatures (up to 39) and Nurofen syrup for more pronounced fevers.

  How to dose?

  The easiest way to dose Nurofen: syrup dose (ml) = 1/2 weight (kg). This is based on a single dose of ibuprofen 10 mg/kg.

  Paracetamol is dosed at 15 mg/kg. If you dose the most popular syrup – Panadol – you can multiply the child’s weight in kg by 0.625.

  A single dose can be given no more than 1 time in 4 hours, but preferably no more than 3 times a day.

  You should not use the dosage by age, which is often placed on the packaging of drugs. This is dangerous because children of the same age weigh very differently. Properly dose drugs by weight or body surface area, but not by age.

  What if an hour has passed and the temperature does not drop?

  • evaluate how you feel. If it has improved, the numbers are not important to us
  • even if the temperature has not dropped, the spasm must have gone, and you can connect the physical cooling method
  • if the need for antipyretics still remains, 1.