Yeast infection and nausea. The 4 Stages of Candida Overgrowth: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

29.08.202322.06.2023 by alexxlab

How does Candida overgrowth progress through different stages. What are the key symptoms of each stage. How can Candida overgrowth be diagnosed and treated effectively. What role do gut health, vaginal symptoms, brain fog, and chronic fatigue play in Candida infections.

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Understanding Candida Overgrowth: A Comprehensive Overview

Candida overgrowth is a common yet often misunderstood condition that affects millions of people worldwide. This fungal infection can manifest in various ways, causing a wide range of symptoms that may seem unrelated at first glance. By understanding the four stages of Candida overgrowth, individuals can better recognize the signs and seek appropriate treatment.

Stage 1: Gut Symptoms – The Beginning of Candida Overgrowth

The first stage of Candida overgrowth typically manifests in the gut. This is where the fungus naturally resides, but when it grows out of control, it can lead to several digestive issues. Common symptoms include:

Bloating after meals
Excessive gas
Constipation

Many individuals experiencing these symptoms often resort to over-the-counter antacids or laxatives for relief. However, these treatments only mask the underlying problem without addressing the root cause.

Is it IBS or Candida?

Gastroenterologists frequently diagnose patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) when confronted with these symptoms. However, this diagnosis often serves as a catch-all term when the exact cause of gastrointestinal distress is unknown. If you’ve been diagnosed with IBS, it’s worth considering whether Candida overgrowth might be the true culprit.

Stage 2: Vaginal Symptoms – When Candida Spreads Beyond the Gut

As Candida overgrowth progresses, it can extend beyond the confines of the digestive system. In women, this often manifests as vaginal symptoms, commonly known as candida vulvovaginitis or vaginal thrush. The symptoms include:

Vaginal itching and burning
Redness and swelling of the vulva
Pain during urination and sexual intercourse
Abnormal vaginal discharge

Can men experience Candida-related genital symptoms?

While vaginal symptoms are specific to women, men can also experience Candida-related genital issues. These may present as genital rashes or other skin irritations in the genital area. It’s important for both men and women to be aware of these potential symptoms and seek appropriate medical attention.

The Sinus Connection: A Hidden Manifestation of Candida

Interestingly, Candida can also affect the sinuses, leading to chronic sinusitis. This condition is often underdiagnosed and can affect both men and women. The similarity between sinus and vaginal tissue under a microscope explains why Candida can thrive in both environments.

Patients with sinus symptoms often find themselves caught in a cycle of antibiotic prescriptions, which can exacerbate the Candida overgrowth. It’s crucial to consider Candida as a potential cause of chronic sinusitis, especially when antibiotics fail to provide long-term relief.

Stage 3: Brain Fog – The Cognitive Impact of Candida Overgrowth

“Brain fog” is a term that accurately describes the cognitive impairment experienced by many individuals with advanced Candida overgrowth. This stage is characterized by:

Difficulty concentrating
Memory problems
Reduced mental clarity

Why does Candida overgrowth cause cognitive symptoms?

The connection between Candida and cognitive function lies in how the body metabolizes sugar when Candida is present. When individuals with Candida overgrowth consume sugary foods, their metabolism can ferment the sugar into alcohol. This process creates a hangover-like effect, leading to the symptoms associated with brain fog.

While individuals experiencing these symptoms may not fail a breathalyzer test, they might struggle with short-term memory tasks and other cognitive functions. This impact on mental clarity can be distressing and significantly affect one’s quality of life.

Stage 4: Chronic Fatigue – The Advanced Stage of Candida Overgrowth

The final stage of Candida overgrowth often manifests as chronic fatigue syndrome. This condition remains a mystery to many medical professionals, but in cases where a patient’s history aligns with Candida overgrowth, it can indicate an advanced stage of the infection.

What causes chronic fatigue in Candida patients?

The exact mechanism behind chronic fatigue in Candida patients is not fully understood. However, it’s believed that long-standing Candida overgrowth can lead to mineral and vitamin deficiencies, contributing to profound fatigue. This stage requires aggressive treatment with supplements and a comprehensive approach to address the underlying Candida infection.

Diagnosing Candida Overgrowth: Challenges and Solutions

Diagnosing Candida overgrowth can be challenging due to the wide range of symptoms and their similarity to other conditions. Many patients find themselves consulting multiple specialists before receiving an accurate diagnosis.

What methods are used to diagnose Candida overgrowth?

Effective diagnosis of Candida overgrowth typically involves:

Comprehensive medical history assessment
Supportive skin testing
Evaluation of symptoms across multiple body systems
Consideration of past treatments and their effectiveness

Experienced practitioners can often recognize patterns indicative of Candida overgrowth, even when individual symptoms might suggest other conditions.

Treating Candida Overgrowth: A Multifaceted Approach

Effective treatment of Candida overgrowth requires a comprehensive strategy that addresses the root cause of the infection and its various manifestations.

What are the key components of Candida treatment?

A well-rounded treatment plan for Candida overgrowth typically includes:

Dietary modifications to reduce sugar and refined carbohydrates
Antifungal medications or natural remedies
Probiotics to restore gut health
Supplements to address nutritional deficiencies
Lifestyle changes to support overall health and immune function

It’s important to note that treatment should be tailored to the individual’s specific symptoms and stage of Candida overgrowth. What works for one person may not be as effective for another, highlighting the need for personalized care.

Prevention and Long-Term Management of Candida Overgrowth

While treating active Candida overgrowth is crucial, preventing recurrence and maintaining long-term health is equally important.

How can individuals prevent Candida overgrowth from recurring?

Strategies for preventing Candida overgrowth and maintaining overall health include:

Maintaining a balanced diet low in sugar and refined carbohydrates
Regular exercise to support immune function
Stress management techniques
Avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use
Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider familiar with Candida-related issues

By implementing these preventive measures, individuals can reduce their risk of experiencing recurring Candida overgrowth and its associated symptoms.

The Importance of Holistic Care in Candida Treatment

Addressing Candida overgrowth requires a holistic approach that considers the interconnectedness of various body systems. This comprehensive perspective is essential for effective diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management of the condition.

Why is a holistic approach crucial in treating Candida overgrowth?

A holistic approach to Candida treatment offers several benefits:

Addresses the root cause rather than just symptoms
Considers the impact of Candida on multiple body systems
Incorporates lifestyle changes for long-term health
Recognizes the individual nature of Candida overgrowth and its manifestations

By embracing a holistic perspective, healthcare providers can offer more effective and sustainable solutions for individuals struggling with Candida overgrowth.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Candida Treatment

As our understanding of Candida overgrowth continues to evolve, new research is shedding light on potential treatment approaches and preventive strategies.

What new developments are on the horizon for Candida treatment?

Promising areas of research in Candida treatment include:

Novel antifungal compounds with reduced side effects
Targeted probiotics designed to combat Candida overgrowth
Personalized treatment protocols based on individual microbiome profiles
Investigation into the role of the gut-brain axis in Candida-related cognitive symptoms

These emerging areas of study hold the potential to revolutionize our approach to diagnosing and treating Candida overgrowth, offering hope for more effective and personalized care in the future.

Living with Candida: Patient Experiences and Coping Strategies

For many individuals, living with Candida overgrowth can be a challenging and often frustrating experience. However, understanding the condition and adopting effective coping strategies can significantly improve quality of life.

How do patients cope with the challenges of Candida overgrowth?

Successful coping strategies for Candida patients often include:

Joining support groups to connect with others facing similar challenges
Educating friends and family about the condition to foster understanding and support
Developing a consistent self-care routine that includes diet, exercise, and stress management
Working closely with healthcare providers to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed
Practicing patience and self-compassion throughout the healing process

By implementing these strategies and maintaining a positive outlook, individuals with Candida overgrowth can navigate the challenges of the condition more effectively and work towards improved health and well-being.

The Role of Gut Health in Overall Wellness: Beyond Candida

While addressing Candida overgrowth is crucial, it’s important to recognize the broader implications of gut health on overall wellness. The gut microbiome plays a vital role in various aspects of health, extending far beyond digestive function.

How does gut health impact overall wellness?

A healthy gut contributes to:

Improved immune function
Better nutrient absorption
Enhanced mental health and cognitive function
Reduced inflammation throughout the body
Improved skin health

By focusing on gut health as part of Candida treatment and overall wellness, individuals can experience wide-ranging benefits that extend to multiple aspects of their health and well-being.

Navigating the Healthcare System with Candida Overgrowth

For many individuals with Candida overgrowth, navigating the healthcare system can be a complex and sometimes frustrating process. Understanding how to advocate for oneself and find appropriate care is crucial for effective treatment and management of the condition.

How can patients effectively advocate for themselves in the healthcare system?

Strategies for navigating healthcare with Candida overgrowth include:

Keeping detailed records of symptoms, treatments, and their effectiveness
Seeking out healthcare providers with experience in treating Candida and related conditions
Being prepared to explain symptoms and concerns clearly and concisely
Asking questions and seeking clarification when necessary
Considering integrative or functional medicine approaches that may offer a more holistic perspective

By taking an active role in their healthcare journey, patients with Candida overgrowth can work more effectively with medical professionals to achieve better outcomes and improved quality of life.

The 4 Stages of Candida Overgrowth: How Are You Affected?

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[ updated January 2022]

The 4 Stages of Candida Overgrowth

The 4 stages of candida overgrowth are

Gut Symptoms
Vaginal Symptoms
“Brain fog” or cognitive impairment
Chronic fatigue

Candida Overgrowth

At Mitchell Medical Group, we see almost a dozen patients a week suffering from candida overgrowth symptoms. In most cases, these patients have seen at least half a dozen doctors: gynecologists, gastroenterologists, dermatologists, ENTs (Ear, Nose, and Throat), as well as their primary care doctor and possibly a chiropractor.

In many of these cases, these patients have been suffering for years with Candida yet visiting these doctors hasn’t got to the root of the problem.

Through taking a medical history and using supportive skin testing, I have become an expert in diagnosing symptoms of candida overgrowth. And I have become even better at treating Candida to get patients, like you, back to health.

From my experience, I see that there are four different stages of clinical candida overgrowth.

Detailed Stages of Candida Overgrowth

Stage 1: Gut Symptoms

The classic gut symptoms with Candida are bloating after a meal, excessive gas, and usually constipation. Many Candida patients have a long history of relying on over-the-counter antacids or laxatives to get relief. Eventually, they will see a gastroenterologist who diagnoses them with irritable bowel syndrome. If your physician tells you this, they are essentially saying “I don’t know what is causing your stomach pain!!”

Stage 2: Vaginal Symptoms

Of course, only women are prone to vaginal symptoms, but I have seen men with genital rashes and men can also get the vaginal equivalent – chronic sinusitis (I’ll explain shortly).

Once the candida has overgrown in the gut, it can exit the intestinal system in what’s been termed Leaky Gut syndrome. This happens when the bowel’s cell lining becomes more permeable and allows the Candida toxins to enter the bloodstream, which means it can affect other areas. Some women run to their gynecologist because the vaginal itching, burning, and discharge make them incredibly uncomfortable (it’s even hard for them to sit!).

The most common symptoms women experience with candida vulvovaginitis or vaginal thrush include:

Pain when urinating
Soreness, redness and swelling of the vulva
Pain during sexual intercourse
An itching/burning sensation around the vulva and vaginal opening
Vaginal discharge, which can range from watery to thick and chunky

Note** Candida sinusitis is probably the most underdiagnosed cause of chronic sinusitis. The whole situation becomes a real “Catch-22” situation.

Patients with sinus symptoms tend to see a general doctor or specialist for sinus pain. This doctor gives them a prescription for antibiotics and this will happen over and over again because the patient isn’t getting better. The patient thinks these antibiotics are making them better when they are actually making Candida worse.

In medical school, I took a course called histology that examined the cells of tissue under a microscope. Strangely, the sinus and vaginal tissue look very much alike under a microscope. Even though they are at opposite ends of the body, they both seem to be a comfortable home for candida overgrowth.

Stage 3: “Brain Fog” or Cognitive Impairment

You may think “Brain Fog” doesn’t sound like a medical condition, but it is! From listening to thousands of patients with candida, “Brain Fog” best describes their difficulty concentrating on and remembering daily tasks. I have had patients crying in my office as they explained how they used to be so sharp and capable, but now simple daily reminders are a strain.

I was at a loss to understand this medically until I saw more information that came out explaining that with candida if you eat foods with sugar your metabolism literally ferments the sugar into alcohol. This makes you feel hung-over. If you have candida you may pass a breathalyzer test if you are pulled over by a policeman, but you might not pass a short-term memory test.

Stage 4: Chronic Fatigue

Chronic fatigue syndrome is still mystifying by doctors and patients. Its cause may be elusive in many cases, but when a patient’s medical history is consistent with Candida overgrowth this indicates a late stage of Candida. The good news is that, unlike cancer, a late-stage for Candida isn’t fatal and in fact can respond quite well to a comprehensive treatment plan.

Why do patients develop this profound fatigue? My best guess is that they have become mineral and vitamin deficient from the long-standing problem and they need aggressive Candida treatment with supplements.

Think You Have Candida?

If you think you have candida overgrowth symptoms, consider these different stages and where you may be. The good news is that you will realize you are not crazy and that all the symptoms you are experiencing may have a common cause. The even better news is that the treatment can be highly effective.

TAKE OUR CANDIDA SYMPTOM QUESTIONNAIRE

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About the Author – Dr. Dean Mitchell, M.D.

Dr. Dean Mitchell, M.D. is a Board Certified Allergist and Immunologist based out of NYC. He graduated from the Sackler School of Medicine and completed training at the Robert Cooke Allergy Institute in New York City. He is also a Clinical Assistant Professor at Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, a fellow of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, and the author of Dr. Dean Mitchell’s Allergy and Asthma Solution: The Ultimate Program for Reversing Your Symptoms One Drop at a Time. Dr. Dean Mitchell, M.D. has also been featured in The New York Times, The Huffington Post, Fitness Magazine, Dr. Oz and News NY 1. Dr. Mitchell also hosts the podcast The Smartest Doctor in the Room – a combination of a lively, personal and in-depth interview with top healthcare specialists.

References

Seladi-Schulman, Ph.D., Jill. About Candida Albicans: Natural Yeast and Problematic Infections. Medical News Today, August 2018. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322722.php

Malhotra S, Nirmaljit Kaur, Bhatia MS, Kumar P, Hans C. Yeast Infection and Psychiatric Disorders. Psychomicrobiology, October 2010. http://medind.nic.in/daa/t10/i2/daat10i2p345.pdf

Cleveland Clinic, Yeast Infections. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5019-yeast-infections

CDC.gov, Candidiasis. https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/index. html

Can a Yeast Infection Cause Abdominal Pain and Bloating

What is Abdominal Pain/Bloating?

Abdominal bloating happens when there’s too much gas filling the abdomen. As a result, the air builds up, pushing through the stomach and making it look swollen. This also makes the area more sensitive and more problematic to the touch. Even with slight pressure or sitting down, the abdomen becomes even more distended, causing pain and discomfort. Can a yeast infection cause abdominal pain and bloating?

Can a Yeast Infection Cause Abdominal Pain and Bloating?

Although it sounds unlikely, abdominal discomfort is one of the symptoms of vaginal candidiasis. Candida overgrowth is a vaginal yeast infection that leads to gut symptoms. These include bloating after meals, constipation, and excessive gas. In addition, candida overgrowth can lead to vaginal infection symptoms, cognitive impairment, and constant fatigue if left untreated.

The gut symptoms tend to last for years, with the patient relying heavily on antacids. The antacids can provide temporary relief, fooling patients into thinking it’s a simple case of indigestion and acid reflux. However, because the candida overgrowth remains untreated, the symptoms continue to appear and become more challenging to manage.

Does Yeast Overgrowth Cause Stomach Pain and Bloating?

There are several possible reasons for bloating and stomach pain. While yeast infections are possible, it often takes some time before a guaranteed diagnosis is made. This is because gastroenteritis is more likely to diagnose patients with irritable bowel syndrome when presented with the symptoms. Bacterial vaginosis can also cause abdominal discomfort and bloating to occur.

The chances of having vaginal candidiasis increase depending on several factors. Women on contraceptive pills or long-term antibiotics are more likely to have recurrent yeast infections.

The same is true for people with high-sugar consumption or eating lots of carbohydrates. However, the only sure way to know is through a laboratory test. The test itself is relatively pain-free, with quick results. Once a confirmatory test is made, it’s easier for doctors to suggest a variety of treatments.

How Can a Yeast Infection Cause Abdominal Pain and Bloating?

Pain and bloating can happen with yeast overgrowth. The yeast overwhelms the gut, causing an imbalance between the good and bad bacteria. As a result, the harmful bacteria start to digest the food a person eats and produce a large amount of gas. This gas builds up in the gut, leading to bloating and pain. This is why the symptoms tend to worsen with high-starch food items. Like in bread, the yeast infection causes a “rising” effect in the stomach which causes uncomfortable swelling.

Common Symptoms of Stomach Pain/Bloating

Stomach pain and bloating because of candida yeast can produce other symptoms, including belching, burping, bloating, and stomach pain. Some people report a heavy feeling in their chest area, while others report pain when sitting or lying down. In addition, severe bloating can lead to other problems like constipation, diarrhea, or even blood in the stool.

How Do You Prevent Pain in the Lower Abdomen and Vaginal Discharge?

Good hygiene is the best defense against yeast overgrowth in the vagina. Washing with mild and unscented soaps would be the best way to keep the vagina smelling fresh and clean. Douching and scented vaginal washes can only irritate the vagina and cause an imbalance of good bacteria. Other precautionary treatment options include:

Keep your vagina dry

Keeping the vagina dry and wearing clean underwear daily is one of the ways to prevent a yeast overgrowth infection. Always use a condom during sexual intercourse — even if the patient is on the pill. In addition, doctors recommend wiping from front to back after going to the bathroom. Those suffering from yeast overgrowth should also stop using wet wipes when cleaning their vagina.

Stay away from high-carb foods

Refraining from eating high-carb food items can also minimize bloating and swelling because of candida. Instead, eat only small meals and commit to daily exercises to relieve gas buildup.

Rest properly

Studies show that high-stress levels can also promote fungal growth, so patients need to relax at the end of the day. Losing weight has also been shown to help minimize the chances of yeast overgrowth.

Eat healthily

Food products containing “good bacteria,” like yogurt, can help improve gut balance and make it easier for patients to fight off the infection.

Monitor your medications

Yeast overgrowth can also happen with the use of certain medications. If possible, a change in prescription can help minimize the symptoms.

When to Seek Medical Help

Immediately seek medical help if the pain in the abdomen is too severe for you to function normally. Accompanying symptoms like chest pain, fever, and vomiting should also be causes for concern. If the lower abdominal discomfort lasts more than a day, visit a doctor immediately.

Patients should never ignore symptoms like unexplained weight loss, pain during sex, and bloody vaginal discharge if it has no connection with menstruation. Patients should also consult a doctor if they feel pain or a burning feeling during urination. Even if not listed here, any alarming symptom should also prompt patients to visit their physician.

Frequently Asked Questions

Thrush in the mouth (candidiasis) – articles “Dental Formula”

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Thrush in the mouth (candidiasis)

Thrush in the mouth (candidiasis) develops as a result of infection of the mucous membrane with opportunistic fungi Candida albicans. The disease is often diagnosed in children and the elderly, due to the reduced activity of the protective functions of the body. From a sick person to a healthy person, the infection is transmitted by contact-household way. The disease has characteristic symptoms that should be a reason to visit a dentist as soon as possible. Treatment of thrush in the mouth should be comprehensive, self-medication in this case is fraught with serious complications. Our doctors will prescribe an effective therapy regimen based on the results of the tests and help get rid of the pathology in the shortest possible time.

General information

Oral thrush is an infectious disease that develops against the background of a fungal infection of the mucous membrane of Candida albicans. Candida albicans is a conditionally pathogenic microorganism that is an associate of the normal microflora of the body. However, when unfavorable factors concur, the fungus begins to multiply uncontrollably, causing pathological processes of various localization: skin, oral mucosa, vagina, etc. But one penetration of the fungus into the oral mucosa is not enough for the active development of the disease. Loose spores are easily removed from the mouth while eating, drinking, rinsing, etc. Pathology begins to develop when unfavorable factors coincide against the background of a decrease in the protective functions of the body.

Development factors

The development of oral thrush is facilitated by conditions in which the function of the immune system is suppressed, namely:

pregnancy;
prematurity, underweight newborn;
congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies;
active stage of pulmonary tuberculosis; malignant processes of any localization;
acute infectious processes;
frequent acute respiratory infections, SARS;
hormonal, endocrine disorders;
metabolic diseases;
chronic diseases of the digestive system;
uncontrolled intake of certain groups of medicines: antibiotics, glucocorticosteroids, hormone-containing drugs, cytostatics;
bad habits: smoking, alcohol abuse;
chronic injuries of the oral mucosa;
thermal, chemical burns;
unbalanced diet.

What does thrush look like in the mouth and what symptoms does it cause? After removal of plaque, a hyperemic dry mucosa is visible.

Other signs of pathology:

burning, itching, which increase during eating, drinking, talking;
dryness, discomfort, feeling of tightness in the mouth;
non-healing cracks on the lips, at the corners of the mouth;
sore throat when swallowing;
inflammation of the lymph nodes;
fever.

Thrush in a child’s mouth causes constant anxiety, lack of appetite, problems with sleep. In children, the disease occurs with more severe symptoms. It is important to start treatment in a timely manner, since oral candidiasis can become chronic, which is much more difficult and longer to deal with /

Complications

Complications of oral canidosis develop as a result of untimely or incorrect treatment:

Candidal esophagitis. Fungal infection of the walls of the esophagus, manifested by difficulty in swallowing, discomfort and pain in the chest. With a long course of pathology, severe beriberi develops, the patient’s condition worsens, and rapid weight loss occurs.
Candida tracheitis. It is characterized by a fungal infection of the trachea. Typical symptoms: dry painful cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever. If there is no treatment for the pathology, the fungus can spread to the internal organs.
Gastrointestinal candidiasis. Fungal infection of the stomach, intestines is accompanied by nausea, bouts of vomiting, general intoxication, abdominal pain.
Candidal sepsis. A general purulent infection that develops as a result of penetration into the bloodstream of a fungal pathogen and its metabolic products. Sepsis is a serious complication that, in the absence of emergency medical care, leads to death.

Diagnosis of oral candidiasis

If you have characteristic symptoms, you should see a dentist as soon as possible. The diagnosis is established by a specialist on the basis of a set of data;

patient complaints;
results of a dental examination;
laboratory data.

To determine the nature of the disease, laboratory diagnostics is prescribed, including the following tests:

Panoramic microscopy, which allows to detect Candida fungi in smears taken from the affected areas of the mucosa.
Bakposev, which allows you to identify not only the pathogen itself, but also its concentration.
Serological tests – intradermal allergy test for antibodies to Candida IgG / IgA.
PCR analysis of scrapings. The most accurate analysis that allows you to identify the pathogen and select the most effective treatment regimen.

How to treat thrush in the mouth

Treatment of thrush in the oral cavity is complex and should be carried out under strict medical supervision. The main methods to destroy the infection and get rid of the disease:

oral hygiene;
relief of pathological symptoms;
treatment of concomitant diseases;
strengthening immunity.

Effective drugs

Antifungal treatment is based on topical preparations. Ointments have proven themselves well:

“Nystatin”;
“Levorin”;
“Dekamin”;
Clotrimazole.

Sanitation of the oral cavity is carried out by regular rinsing with solutions of drinking soda, “Fukortsin”, “Iodinol”. Symptomatic treatment allows you to get rid of pain, burning, discomfort in the oral cavity. To do this, use ointments and gels with a cooling and analgesic effect. If candidiasis is complicated by the addition of a bacterial infection, systemic antibiotics are prescribed.

Physiotherapy

Effective auxiliary methods of complex treatment of oral thrush include physiotherapy procedures that:

enhance the effect of prescribed drugs;
accelerate recovery;
prevent the development of complications;
activate the protective functions of the body.

Physiotherapy for illness

electrophoresis with potassium iodide solution;
ultraviolet phototherapy;
laser therapy;
magnetotherapy.

Medical nutrition

Diet for oral candidiasis is an integral part of complex therapy, which allows you to speed up recovery and prevent complications. The main objectives of clinical nutrition:

stop the growth and development of yeast-like fungi;
to restore the own microflora of the mucosa;
to strengthen the immune system in order to prevent relapses.

The first thing that patients with diagnosed thrush need to fly to is to exclude carbohydrates from the diet, which are a favorable environment for the active life of a fungal infection. What foods are banned:

sweets;
bakery products;
milk, moldy cheeses;
fatty sauces;
smoked products;
canned food;
products containing artificial colors, preservatives, flavor enhancers;
carbonated soft drinks;
beer.

During the diet, emphasis should be placed on the following foods:

fresh vegetables, fruits with moderate sweetness, herbs;
lean meat, fish;
cereals: buckwheat, oatmeal, rice;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese, natural yoghurt;
butter, vegetable;
vegetarian soups.

Cooking is recommended using gentle methods: boil in water, steam, grill, oven. Do not forget about the drinking regimen. The daily norm is 1.5 – 2 liters of pure non-carbonated water. To improve the functioning of the digestive tract and strengthen the immune system, it is useful to consume juices from vegetables and fruits such as:

carrots;
tomatoes;
pumpkin;
cranberries.

Useful herbal teas from chamomile, sage, lavender. The drink must be at room temperature. To improve the taste, you can add a teaspoon of natural honey.

Prevention of oral thrush

Prevention of candidiasis includes:

A healthy lifestyle without bad habits.
High-quality, balanced nutrition that helps to strengthen the immune system and maintain the proper functioning of all organs and systems.
Visiting the dentist at least once every six months, timely treatment of dental diseases.
Professional oral hygiene every 6 to 12 months.
Proper care of dentures.
Strengthening the protective functions of the body: hardening, regular walks in the fresh air, moderate exercise, taking vitamin preparations, etc.

Author of material

Vavilova Victoria Vyacheslavovna

Member of the Professional Society of Orthodontists of Russia (StAR). He takes an active part in international congresses and conferences. He is a certified specialist in working with Incognito™ lingual braces systems, a certified specialist in working with Star smile aligners.

Thrush (vaginal candidiasis) – causes, symptoms and treatment

Burning and itching during urination, white discharge, discomfort during intimacy – those who have encountered thrush at least once will immediately recognize the appearance of this unpleasant disease. According to statistics, every third woman in the world periodically encounters thrush.

What is a thrush?

Thrush is a yeast-like fungal disease caused by fungi of the genus Candida. Candidiasis can affect the skin, internal organs, mucous membranes. In everyday life, thrush is called damage to the mucous membrane of the genital organs.

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The presence of yeast-like fungi on the mucous membranes of the mouth, intestines and vagina is the norm. But only if their number is small. They are classified as opportunistic pathogens. But if the colony of fungi begins to actively increase, the situation worsens, the stage of the active course of the disease begins. It is believed that Candida fungi are present in the microflora of 20% of women and do not cause any diseases.

In this regard, it is not entirely correct to talk about infection; the expression “activation of thrush” will be more accurate. The normal functioning of systemic immunity, the health of the skin and mucous membranes, the correct hormonal balance and normal metabolism inhibit the growth and development of a colony of fungi.

Causes of thrush (vaginal candidiasis)

The following factors can provoke the growth of a fungal infection:

hormonal imbalance;
prolonged and irrational use of antifungal agents and antibacterial drugs;
malnutrition – the predominance of a large amount of fast carbohydrates in the diet;
thyroid dysfunction;
ovarian pathology;
pregnancy;
iron deficiency;
diabetes mellitus, which leads to disruption of metabolic processes;
HIV, oncology, tuberculosis.

The following factors play a special role in the development of thrush:

poor personal hygiene;
use of deodorized intimate hygiene products;
wearing synthetic underwear;
untimely change of sanitary pads and tampons.

Sometimes thrush appears after a vacation – a woman constantly wears wet underwear, bathes in the sea and pools, and a humid environment is a good condition for the development of fungal flora.

It must be said that the theory of external infection with thrush is not supported by all doctors, but one should not exclude the exogenous route of infection.

Patients often have a question: is thrush transmitted? It itself cannot be transmitted, only yeast-like fungi that provoke it. However, as mentioned above, their presence does not mean that the infection will be active and the sexual partner will get candidiasis. In most cases, they are “winned” by strong immunity, the composition of their own microflora, the absence of adverse factors, etc.

There are several ways of transmission of opportunistic fungi:

Sexual contact is the most common way, because during intimacy there is a direct exchange between the microflora of partners. That is, during sexual intercourse, not only yeast-like fungi are transmitted, but also other components of the microflora.
Vertical route – transmission of a fungal infection from mother to child. The child becomes infected during childbirth.
Household way – in everyday life people constantly use the same objects, but it must be said that fungi are rarely transmitted in this way.

Symptoms of thrush in women

The main symptoms of candidiasis in women are severe itching and burning in the vagina and in the vulva.

The following symptoms are also present:

white discharge with a sour smell and small cheesy lumps;
redness of the labia minora;
swelling of the labia minora and labia majora;
discomfort and even pain during intercourse.

Some women report painful and frequent urination.

Sometimes thrush is not accompanied by vivid manifestations, its signs are erased and may disappear on their own without treatment. This asymptomatic course of the disease is often observed before and during menstruation. The fact is that during this period the environment in the vagina becomes alkaline, and this is unfavorable for a fungal infection, so it appears erased.

Important! Candidiasis can become chronic, in which case exacerbations of the disease usually occur before menstruation and appear several times a year.

Thrush in men

In 40% of cases, men are carriers of the Candida Albicans pathogen, it is present in their microflora, but does not cause significant harm to health. In the event of stress, low immunity or chronic overwork, a fungal infection can take over the rest of the microflora and provoke a disease.

I must say that due to the anatomical features of the structure of the body of a man, candidiasis in the stronger sex is many times less common than in women.

In men, the onset of thrush is asymptomatic, since the movable foreskin and the absence of folds in the groin area avoid the development of symptoms.

Further development of the disease can take place against the background of a pronounced edema of the penis, the appearance of a grayish or whitish plaque on the genitals. In no case should it be removed, since it covers the affected area, which without it will become even more inflamed.

Since the mucous membrane dries up during thrush, cracks and multiple rashes may appear on the surface of the penis. At first they do not have clear contours, but with the progression of the disease, blisters filled with liquid form, and then they transform into erosion. A man may have a discharge from the urethra that looks like sour milk.

The urethra becomes inflamed during thrush, so a man may experience discomfort after urination. If the thrush spreads to the entire groin area and to the scrotum, there is severe itching that interferes with sleep.

Types of thrush

Currently, 2 forms of vaginal candidiasis are distinguished – acute (up to 3 relapses per year) and chronic (from 4 exacerbations or more per year).

Candidiasis is also classified into uncomplicated and complicated. In the first case, there are moderate discharges no more than 4 times a year. In the second – relapses are recorded more than 4 times a year, and with a more pronounced picture – swelling, redness, the appearance of cracks and wounds, the formation of ulcers.

In women, candidiasis is divided into the following forms:

vaginitis is an inflammatory process in the vagina;
vulvovaginitis – inflammation of the vulva and vagina;
cervicitis is a lesion of the cervix.

The main stages in the development of vaginal candidiasis:

adherence of a fungal infection to the mucous membrane and its colonization;
penetration of infection into the epithelium;
epithelial barrier crossing;
penetration into the connective tissue, and then into the vessels;
entry into the bloodstream.

Complications of vaginal candidiasis

Vaginal stenosis is an inflammatory process affecting the walls of the vagina. The lumen of the vagina swells and becomes narrow, the walls of the vagina do not stretch well, the woman experiences discomfort during intercourse.
Salpingitis – inflammation of the fallopian tube. It is possible when the infection passes from the vagina above. In most cases, salpingitis occurs along with inflammation of the ovary, both one ovary and both can be affected. In this case, the patient experiences pain in the area of the appendages, the temperature rises, general weakness, nausea and vomiting appear. This pathology can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, adhesive processes, a combination of candidiasis with other infections is of particular danger.
Urethritis is an inflammatory process in the urethra. Women complain of burning in the urethra, painful urination, the appearance of urine with blood or pus, sticking of the edges of the urethra.
Cystitis is an inflammation localized in the bladder. It develops when an infection enters the bladder through the urethra. The clinic of cystitis is similar to the signs of urethritis, but there are also frequent urge to urinate, a feeling of an incompletely emptied bladder, cloudy urine.

Vaginal candidiasis during pregnancy increases the risk of infection of the fetus.

Diagnosis of thrush

Difficulties with the diagnosis in most cases do not arise. The doctor finds out from the patient whether she had thrush before, what complaints she has, whether she takes antibiotics, etc.

Usually the diagnosis is made on the basis of symptoms, but in some cases it makes sense to undergo an additional examination:

Detection of Candida albicans in a swab in women – the doctor takes a sample of discharge with a cotton swab and sends it to the laboratory for analysis.
Culture of vaginal contents on artificial culture media – this test allows you to confirm thrush, as well as determine the type of fungus that caused it.
Serological diagnostics – the determination of antibodies to antigens of the fungus, is prescribed for the generalization of the pathological process.
Molecular biological methods.
Immunofluorescent diagnostics – is prescribed for relapses of thrush.
Blood test – allows you to identify diseases that can provoke the development of thrush.
Vaginal pH studies – is prescribed when the treatment of the disease does not work, and the symptoms periodically return. If the acidity of the vagina is high, this may indicate bacterial vaginosis.

Treatment of thrush

Indications for the treatment of Candida Albicans are the presence of complaints, symptoms and laboratory confirmation of existing candidiasis. Without clinical manifestations, thrush does not need treatment.

For the treatment of thrush, different groups of drugs are used:

antibiotics;
imidazoles;
triazoles;
combined preparations;
antifungals – over-the-counter antifungal ointments and suppositories.

The mechanism of action of drugs against fungi is to disrupt the synthesis and the appearance of defects in the cell membrane of the fungus. The dosage of antimycotics determines the fungicidal or fungistatic effect of the drug.

For each patient, an individual treatment is selected, taking into account the clinical manifestations, the form of the pathology and its degree.

When treating vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women, it is necessary to select drugs that do not have high toxicity, but at the same time they must be effective and well tolerated by the woman. Pregnant women are treated mainly with ointments or vaginal suppositories, oral preparations are not used, as they penetrate the systemic circulation and can have a negative effect on the fetus.

With recurrent vaginal candidiasis, it is recommended to undergo an examination for endocrine pathologies, as well as examine the intestines and bladder.

Prognosis and prevention

With timely access to a specialist and a well-chosen treatment regimen, the prognosis of the disease is favorable. During the period of therapy, it is necessary to observe sexual rest or use barrier methods of contraception. Control tests must be taken 10 days after treatment.

Prevention of candidiasis is as follows:

Refusal to constantly use panty liners, as well as from wearing tight underwear made of synthetic fabrics.
Use of intimate hygiene products to maintain an acidic environment in the vagina. They must be made with lactic acid.
Refusal to douche.
Timely and adequate treatment of pathologies of the genitourinary, digestive and endocrine systems.
Normalization of the microflora of the genital organs – taking drugs with live lactobacilli.
Cessation of uncontrolled intake of antibacterial drugs.

Thrush is a common disease that rarely goes away on its own, and without proper treatment can lead to serious consequences. Treatment of candidiasis is approximately 3-7 days, but if the visit to the doctor is delayed, the disease can become chronic and require long-term therapy.