Yeast Infection On Skin Pictures

If you get symptoms of infection, such as warm, reddened skin or drainage, tell your healthcare provider. A secondary bacterial infection can happen, so monitor for spreading redness, or swelling, or pain.

Yeast Infection

Yeast is a fungus normally found on your skin. It’s also found in your digestive system. If you’re a woman, you also have yeast in your vaginal area. When too much yeast grows on your skin or other areas, it can cause an infection. This infection is also called candidiasis.

What causes a yeast infection?

A yeast infection can happen if your skin gets damaged. Yeast can also “overgrow” in warm or humid conditions. An infection can also happen if you have a weak immune system. Taking antibiotics can also cause an overgrowth of yeast. That’s because antibiotics kill the healthy bacteria in your body that normally keep the yeast in balance.

What are the risk factors for yeast infection?

Anyone can get a yeast infection. Those at higher risk for it include:

• Infants
• People who wear dentures
• People taking antibiotics
• People getting cancer treatment
• People with other health conditions, such as HIV or diabetes

What are the symptoms of a yeast infection?

The symptoms of a yeast infection depend on where it is located in the body. The chart below shows the most common symptoms of a yeast infection. But yours may be slightly different.

Location

Symptoms

Skin folds or navel

• Rash with redness and skin breakdown
• Patches that ooze clear fluid
• Pimples
• Itching or burning

Vagina

• White or yellow discharge from the vagina
• Itching
• Redness in the external area of the vagina
• Burning

Penis

• Redness on the underside of the penis
• Scaling on the underside of the penis
• Painful rash on the underside of the penis

Mouth (thrush)

• White patches on the tongue and inside of the cheeks
• Redness or soreness
• Difficulty swallowing may mean you have yeast in your esophagus

Corners of the mouth (angular cheilitis)

• Cracks and/or tiny cuts at the corners of the mouth

Nail beds

The symptoms of a yeast infection may look like other skin conditions. Always see your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is yeast infection diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and medical history. He or she will also give you a physical exam. He or she may scrape off a bit of skin or remove part of a nail and examine it to confirm the diagnosis.

How is yeast infection treated?

Your healthcare provider will consider your age, overall health, how widespread the infection is and other factors to determine your treatment.

Yeast infections can be easily treated with ointments or other anti-yeast (antifungal) creams.

• Yeast infections of the vagina or penis can be treated with creams or medicated suppositories. Sometimes an oral anti-yeast medicine is used.
• Yeast infection in the mouth (thrush) may be treated with a medicated mouthwash. Or it may be treated with lozenges that dissolve in the mouth.
• If you have a severe infection and have a weak immune system, you may need to take an oral anti-yeast medicine.
• Esophageal yeast infections are usually treated with oral or intravenous anti-yeast medicines.
• Yeast infections of the nails are treated with an oral anti-yeast medicine.
• Yeast infections in the skin folds can be treated with anti-yeast powders.

Can a yeast infection be prevented?

You can prevent some yeast infections by doing these things:

• Use good oral hygiene to help prevent yeast infection in your mouth (thrush). This includes brushing and flossing your teeth every day and using mouthwash as needed.
• Wear cotton underwear to help to prevent a vaginal or genital yeast infection. If you are a woman and get vaginal yeast infections often, you may want to take probiotics.
• Keep areas where skin rubs up against skin dry and try to reduce friction.

When should I call my healthcare provider?

If you get symptoms of infection, such as warm, reddened skin or drainage, tell your healthcare provider. A secondary bacterial infection can happen, so monitor for spreading redness, or swelling, or pain.

Key points about yeast infection

• Yeast infection is caused by yeast on the skin or mucous membranes.
• The symptoms of a yeast infection depend on where it happens on your body. Common symptoms are a rash, white discharge, or itching.
• Yeast infections are treated with medicated ointments or other anti-yeast (antifungal) preparations.

Next steps

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells you.
• At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you.
• Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.

Find a Doctor

• Pediatric Dermatology
• Atopic Dermatitis
• Allergic Rashes

• Allergic Contact Dermatitis
• Dermatomyositis
• Dermatology
• Dermatoimmunology
• Dermabrasion

At Another Johns Hopkins Member Hospital:

• Howard County General Hospital
• Sibley Memorial Hospital
• Suburban Hospital

Find a Treatment Center

Find Additional Treatment Centers at:

• Howard County General Hospital
• Sibley Memorial Hospital
• Suburban Hospital

Yeast Infection on Skin: Pictures, Causes, Symptoms, Remedy

Yeast infection is a condition in which a naturally existing candida on the skin with a species referred to candida albicans grow beyond normal conditions due to some circumstances that compromise its normal state. When it affects the skin, yeast infection is commonly referred to as candidiasis. Yeast infection is a very common condition and it can affect any one regardless of the skin type or color so long as the conditions that support the overgrowth of naturally existing yeast are present.

Yeast Infection on Skin Types

There are many species of candida that exists on the skin. Some of these candida yeast infections can be explained as follows:

This is the softening of the skin that has deep creases around the angles of your mouth

This is a candida infection that takes place either in the mouth or throat. It is usually seen as white patches in the mouth or in the throat. Conditions that make people to be exposed to oral thrush may include having chronic diseases such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and cancer. Also, if you use systemic corticosteroids or any other medications that can suppress your immune system, you are at risk of thrush.

This is a yeast infection that involves the irritation of the skin folds. It usually appears in areas that are moist, warm and dark such as underarm, under breasts or in the groin. Also, folds of the skin are at risk of these types of yeast infection. This is why people who are obese are known to be the most affected by this candida in their folds. Also, any break down, cut or cracks on the skin can allow the infection to take place in the area.

This usually affects children who are still using diapers. It is usually seen in areas where the diaper covers on the skin. This is because of the moisture that is brought about by diapers.

It usually result from excessive sweating, or use of antibiotics or failure to hover around which may result in skin occlusion. It may be seen mostly in people with diabetes and are not moving around.

This is a candida infection that takes place in the vaginal tract. Candida albicans fungus is a common cause of this infection and may be identified by itchiness and burning after urination or sex. It can also be referred to as feminine yeast infection.
There is many other more yeast infection species that we have not talked about by you can find them on the links we have given at the end of this post. In case you want to know about this, just click on the links and they will direct you effectively.

Yeast Infection on Skin Causes

As we have said above, candida is a strain of fungus that may result in an infection on your skin and some other areas of the body. Yeast normally exists on your skin in a harmless state and it is being put in control by good bacteria that also naturally exist on the skin.

When the good bacteria are no longer good or problems arise with your immune system, the yeast may begin to multiply and therefore result in an overgrowth. Researchers have found that there are more than 150 species of candida that exist. However, most of the candida infections are caused by a candida albicans species.

Factors that facilitate yeast infection on skin

Usually, if you do not practice good hygiene such as cleaning your mouth every time you have finished eating or taking a bathe daily or after a sweaty work you are at risk of getting yeast infection on your skin. This is because, yeast infection likes taking place in moist areas that are warm. When you don’t wash your skin always so that you reduce the warmth and remove the moisture you may end up promoting yeast infection on the skin.

Usually, diabetes is a condition that affects the balance of blood sugar levels in the body and therefore it can sometimes cause an overgrowth of candida. When someone is diabetic, he/she may sometimes see yeast infection on different areas of the body especially in areas which are always warm and moist.

Obesity is also referred to as being overweight. This condition usually increases the rate at which a person develops skin folds on the body and as we discussed above in this con text, skin folds are the best sights for yeast infection. This is because, these areas are mostly moist and warm thereby allowing a good condition that facilitates yeast infection.

While breast feeding there are higher chances that some moisture or milk may spill under your breast. When this happen, a mother can get yeast infection in this areas.

When you do not consider observing your diet, or maintaining healthy living, you may be on the verge of developing yeast infection on the skin. for example, when you increase the use of foods that are highly rich in glucose or sugar, this means that you provide candida with enough food to overgrow. Also junk foods are not always good when used frequently.

Yeast infection on the skin is usually very common in people who have defenseless immune system may be due to diseases such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or TB. When you have a weak immune system, it means your body cannot protect itself from any opportunistic attack such as candida infection.

Other conditions that facilitate the spread of candida very easily include the use of oral contraceptives, steroids and over use of antibiotics. In case any use of drug is causing you other side effects, you can talk to your doctor to find out if you will change the drug or stop the use of the said drug.

It is revealed that women are mostly at risk of developing yeast infection on skin during menopause or perimenopause. This is because during this time there is increased decline in the hormone level in the body which thins their vaginal wall, therefore causing vaginal yeast infection.

Yeast Infection on Skin Pictures

Below, we have discussed about the signs and symptoms that are usually common when it comes to yeast infection the skin. However, we have provided pictures of this condition that in some of the areas of the body. You may have a look at them so that you are able to know how severe your condition or your loved one condition is and therefore choose one of the treatments you can use as we have outlined them below.

Fungal Infection on Skin Symptoms

Yeast infection on the skin may be identified differently according to the area of the body that it has formed. There are many symptoms that yeast infection on skin can cause and recognizing the symptoms may help to know that you are under an infection. Some of the signs and symptoms of yeast infection that can be seen are as follows:

• Rashes on the affected area
• White or red patches in areas that have altered surface
• You may realize a white flaky substance falling off from the affected area
• Scaling or shedding of the skin with flakes from the affected area
• The red rash may start turning black to appear as a burn
• A cracked skin
• Soreness, itchiness, irritation and burning from the area
• Erythema, that may cause the area to appear red
• Maceration, also known as the appearance of a white soft skin
• Formation of creamy satellite pustules on the margins or the affected area. They may be filled with pus or clear fluid in some cases
• For oral thrush, you may be seen with red or white lesions in the affected areas of the mouth

These symptoms are very important as they are used by a doctor in the examination room while diagnosing yeast infection to ascertain that you are suffering from candida. Also, the symptoms may worsen as the condition is not treated in type. Therefore make sure you find out the best treatment available for you in time so that your condition is brought under control.

Yeast Imbalance on Skin

Usually, candida is a normal resident of the mouth, digestive tract, vagina and some areas of the outer skin in a harmless state. Also, there exist good bacteria on the skin that helps in keeping the yeast and control hence preventing it from overgrowing. Candida can overgrow in on the mucous membrane and moist areas of the skin. As we stated above, some of these areas include the mouth lining groin in between toes or fingers, and the armpits. Also folds of the skin more so in people who are obese may be potential areas for yeast infection.
The imbalance of the naturally existing yeast in the body is caused by the imbalance of the naturally existing good bacteria. This is because, yeast balance on the skin is controlled by these good bacteria. There are numerous conditions in the body that result to this imbalance most of which we have talked about above. These include weak immune system, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and many more.

Yeast Infection on Skin Home Remedy

Yeast infection on the skin is not usually a condition that calls for an emergency attention and therefore it can be treated successively at the comfort of your home. The first thing you should do at home is making sure that all factors that increase the risk of getting yeast infection on skin are brought under control. There are many home treatments that can be used while dealing with candida infection on the skin as we are going to discuss below.
Home remedies for yeast infection on skin

This remedy is said to contain lactobacillus acidophilus that is useful when it comes to straining bacteria that is present in yogurt and this can help in controlling the growth of yeast infection in your body. It is only advised to use a natural yogurt that does not have sugar and flavors. You can drink a glass of yogurt daily while you apply some directly on the affected area for the better results.

Coconut oil is said to contain antifungal properties that are very effective when it comes to dealing with fungi that is responsible for yeast infection on skin. You can use coconut oil by applying it directly on the affected area twice a day after you clean the area and pat it clean.
On the other hand you can mix coconut oil with cinnamon oil in equal portions and apply on the affected area of the skin where there is yeast overgrowth. In case you have oral thrush, you are advised to swish the oil in the mouth for about 1 minute with teat tree oil before you spit it out.

This remedy is said to contain some properties that are very effective when it comes to dealing with yeast infection on the skin. it has been proved to do great job when it comes to dealing with fungal infections on the skin. you just have to mix two spoonful of organic apple cider vinegar with warm water and drink daily for a period of one week.

This is a herb that is well-known when it comes to dealing with numerous conditions in the body. It contains antifungal and antibacterial properties that make it useful when it comes to dealing with bacterial and fungal infections in the body. Therefore, you can use it when dealing with yeast infection on skin.
When dealing with skin yeast infection, you just have to crush a few cloves of garlic to make a paste and apply it directly on the affected area.

This is a chemical substance that contains a little content of antiseptic and antifungal properties that are very essential when dealing with infections such as yeast infection on the skin. however, this home remedy is not recommended to women who are pregnant. You have to dilute this acid with some water before applying on the affected area.

This is a well-known antifungal agent that is very helpful when it comes to dealing with fungal related infection on the body. Also, pregnant women are not advised to use this remedy as it may be harmful to the unborn baby. Dilute the oil with some water before applying it directly on the affected area.

Yeast Infection on Skin Treatment

Treatment of candida infection on the skin is normally very simple. It may be presented according to the area that is affected. For example, treatment that is carried in the mouth is normally not the same as treatment carried on the skin for the same condition.

This condition may not lead you to be hospitalized unless it is caused by other underlying conditions such as diabetes and weak immune system or it has spread into your bloodstreams.
You may be advised by your medical provider to use some drying anti-fungal agents that are available in creams, ointments and lotions which you can apply on the skin specifically on the affected area. Also you may use suppositories and oral medications that may help.

There is a class of topical anti-fungal drugs that is commonly known as azoles that can be applied on top of the skin. They are usually available in form of ointments, tablets and creams. Tablets may be used in case you have a skin that is very sensitive to allergy. These types of antifungals are said not to have serious side effects as compared to nystatin or amphotericin B.
Different drugs may be used according to the affected area on the skin. It is very important to get advice from your medical provider after he/she has examined your condition. Some of the treatments may be as follows:

• You may be advised on vaginal gels and creams such as miconazole in case you are suffering from vaginal candida infection
• Oral thrush on the other hand is treated by use of antifungal drugs that are in form of lozenges, tablets or liquid mouth wash.
• For athlete’s foot, you may be advised on the use of antifungal sprays, powders and ointments
• If you have a serious condition of yeast infection, you may be treated by use of oral drugs or intravenous medications.

You may be advised to use the medication either once or twice every day. In case you are pregnant, there are some medications such as miconazole and clotrimazole that can be effectively be used by a woman who is on her third trimester of pregnancy. However, it is important to makes sure that your clinical officer is aware about this.
More references

1. Yeast infection skin rash treatment: http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/yeast-infection-skin-rash-treatment#1
2. Yeast infection skin rash: http://www.emedicinehealth.com/yeast_infection_skin_rash/page7_em.htm
3. Candida fungus infection: http://www.healthline.com/health/skin/candida-fungus#overview1

Candidiasis of the Skin: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

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Candidiasis is a fungal skin infection. Home remedies and lifestyle changes often help, but antifungal cream or powder may be necessary.

Different types of bacteria and fungi live and grow on your skin. Most of them aren’t dangerous. Your body requires the majority of them to carry out normal functions. However, some can cause infections when they begin to multiply uncontrollably.

The Candida fungus is one of these potentially harmful organisms. When an overgrowth of Candida develops on the skin, an infection can occur. This condition is known as candidiasis of the skin, or cutaneous candidiasis.

Candidiasis of the skin often causes a red, itchy rash to form, most commonly in the folds of the skin. This rash may also spread to other areas of the body. While the symptoms are often bothersome, they can usually be treated with improved hygiene and antifungal creams or powders.

The main symptom of candidiasis of the skin is a rash. The rash often causes redness and intense itching. In some cases, the infection can cause the skin to become cracked and sore. Blisters and pustules may also occur.

The rash can affect various parts the body, but it’s most likely to develop in the folds of the skin. This includes areas in the armpits, in the groin, between the fingers, and under the breasts. Candida can also cause infections in the nails, edges of the nails, and corners of the mouth.

Other conditions that may resemble candidiasis of the skin include:

• ringworm
• hives
• herpes
• diabetes-related skin conditions
• contact dermatitis
• seborrheic dermatitis
• eczema
• psoriasis

Candidiasis of the skin develops when the skin becomes infected with Candida. A small amount of Candida fungi naturally live on the skin. When this type of fungus begins to multiply uncontrollably, however, it can cause an infection. This may occur because of:

• warm weather
• tight clothing
• poor hygiene
• infrequent undergarment changes
• obesity
• the use of antibiotics that kill harmless bacteria that keep Candida under control
• the use of corticosteroids or other medications that affect the immune system
• a weakened immune system as a result of diabetes, pregnancy, or another medical condition
• incomplete drying of damp or wet skin

Candida fungi thrive and grow in warm, moist areas. This is why the condition often affects areas where there are folds of skin.

Babies can also develop candidiasis of the skin, especially on the buttocks. A diaper tends to provide an ideal environment for Candida.

Candidiasis of the skin usually isn’t contagious. However, people with weakened immune systems may develop the condition after touching the skin of an infected person. Those with compromised immune systems are also more likely to develop a severe infection as a result of candidiasis.

Your doctor will likely be able to make a diagnosis simply by performing a physical examination. During the exam, they’ll inspect the location of your rash and the appearance of your skin.

Your doctor may also want to perform a skin culture before making a diagnosis of candidiasis of the skin. During a skin culture, your doctor will rub a cotton swab over the affected area and collect a skin sample. The sample will then be sent to a laboratory to be tested for the presence of Candida.

Candidiasis of the skin can usually be prevented with home remedies, the most important of which is proper hygiene. Washing the skin regularly and drying the skin thoroughly can prevent the skin from becoming too moist. This is vital to keeping Candida infections at bay.

There are many lifestyle changes you can make to both prevent and treat a candidiasis infection.

Helpful tips

• Quickly change out of damp clothing, such as swimsuits or sweaty workout clothes.
• Change your socks and undergarments regularly.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing.
• Use gentle and scent-free soap on affected areas.
• Add probiotics to your diet.
• Reduce the amount of sugar in your diet.

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Since abnormal blood sugar levels can contribute to the development of Candida infections, keeping your blood sugar under control may also help relieve symptoms. You may be able to lower your blood sugar by reducing the amount of sugar in your diet and by exercising for 30 minutes at least three times per week. If you have diabetes, it’s important to continue following your doctor’s instructions as you may need to start receiving oral medications or an increased amount of insulin.

In severe or persistent cases of candidiasis, your doctor may recommend using an antifungal cream or powder that can be applied to your skin. Over-the-counter antifungal creams that are often recommended include clotrimazole (Mycelex), miconazole (Monistat), and tioconazole (Vagistat). This type of treatment can kill Candida and reduce the spread of the infection.

Your doctor may prescribe an antifungal cream such as nystatin or ketoconazole if the over-the-counter treatments aren’t effective. If the infection has already spread to areas inside your body, such as your throat or mouth, you may need to take an oral antifungal to get rid of it.

Cutaneous candidiasis (or candidiasis present on skin, nails, or hair) is a common occurrence in infants and babies.

Candidiasis-related diaper rash is one of the most frequently occurring candidiasis infections in babies. This rash is typically red with a well-defined border, and normally lasts more than three days. Treatment includes changing the infant’s diaper frequently and allowing them to wear loose-fitting clothes on top of the diaper. The antifungal nystatin may be prescribed.

Oral thrush is another common occurrence in newborns and infants under 6 months old. Symptoms can include cracked skin in the corners of the mouth and whitish patches on the lips, tongue, or inside of the cheeks. Your doctor can prescribe an antifungal medication that’s applied to the infant’s mouth several times a day.

If candidiasis infection is left untreated, it can enter the bloodstream and spread. See your doctor if you believe your baby has candidiasis.

Learn more: Oral thrush »

Although healthy children have strong immune systems, a 2010 study found that the rate of topical fungal infections among children is increasing rapidly. Children sometimes develop candidiasis infections after receiving antibiotics that treat another condition. Children who suck their thumbs may be prone to developing candidiasis infections in or around their nail beds.

If your child is 9 months or older and has reoccurring thrush or skin infections, this could point to an underlying health concern, such as HIV or another problem with the immune system. Older children with frequent or severe skin infections should also be tested for diabetes.

Candidiasis of the skin usually goes away with treatment, and most people fully recover without complications. If treated, the candidiasis typically resolves within one to two weeks. Without prescription treatment, recovery can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the severity of the infection.

Even with treatment, it is possible for the infection to return in the future. People with compromised immune systems, especially those undergoing chemotherapy and those with HIV or AIDS, are at a much higher risk of severe or life threatening Candida infections. If you’re undergoing chemotherapy or you have HIV or AIDs and you develop severe throat pain, headache, or high fevers, you should see your doctor immediately.

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Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

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Skin candidiasis – daily symptoms in children and adults, diagnosis and treatment

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Candidiasis of the skin: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Definition

Skin candidiasis is an infectious skin disease caused by microscopic fungi of the genus Candida (most often Candida albicans ).

Causes of skin candidiasis

Candida albicans is believed to be the cause of almost 70-80% of cases of candidiasis. In addition to it, skin candidiasis can be caused by C. glabrata , C. tropicalis , C. krusei , and C. Dubliniensis , but incomparably rarer.

The fungus Candida is normally present on the skin and mucous membranes without causing harm. However, with a prolonged increase in humidity, thermal exposure and violation of the protective mechanisms of the skin, the pathogen begins to multiply rapidly.

There are risk factors that contribute to the manifestation of skin candidiasis:

• hot weather,
• Tight clothing made of synthetic fabrics,
• non-compliance with personal hygiene,
• violation of microflora as a result of antibiotic therapy,
• inflammatory processes in skin folds,
• taking corticosteroids and immunosuppressants,
• diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disorders (eg, Cushing’s disease), HIV/AIDS, or T-cell defects.

Classification

• Candidal lesions of the lips and mouth.
• Smooth skin lesions.
• Damage to large folds.
• Interdigital candidiasis.
• Candidal lesions of the palms and soles.
• Candidal balanoposthitis.
• Chronic generalized candidiasis (candidiasis granuloma).

There are several forms of candidiasis:

• Carriage. There are no clinical manifestations of candidiasis.
• Sharp. Accompanied by itching, rashes.
• Chronic. Characterized by the remission of symptoms and their re-manifestation. It develops in case of improper and prolonged treatment with antibiotics.

Symptoms of skin candidiasis

The disease is manifested by small vesicles, sometimes with purulent contents, which open with the formation of erosions. Erosions quickly increase, merge with each other, forming extensive areas of damage. Foci of candidiasis have a dark red color and a moist surface. Fresh small erosions form around large foci. In children, the first signs of candidiasis usually appear in the folds of the skin, from where they already spread to the skin of the thighs, buttocks, and abdomen. There may be painful cracks in the depth of the folds.

Candidiasis of smooth skin in children may resemble seborrheic dermatitis with itchy nodules and erosions. In adults, the disease can manifest as red spots with peeling in the center and small vesicles along the periphery.

Interdigital candidal erosion is observed mainly in persons who have prolonged contact with water, which contributes to skin maceration (waterlogging of the skin with its characteristic swelling). Patients are concerned about itching, burning, and in the presence of cracks – soreness.

In lactating women, candidiasis of the smooth skin of the nipples may develop in the form of hyperemia, maceration and small bubbles in the areola of the nipple.

Candidiasis of the palms can proceed according to the type of dry lamellar dyshidrosis (surface lamellar peeling) and have a vesicular-pustular form (vesicles and pustules against the background of hyperemic and edematous skin). Less commonly, the disease resembles hyperkeratotic eczema – against the background of diffuse hyperkeratosis or individual areas of keratinized skin, sharply demarcated wide skin furrows are observed that have a dirty brown color.

Candidiasis of the skin of the soles is observed mainly in children and is characterized by the presence of small vesicles and pustules, hyperemic spots with peeling and exfoliating waterlogged epidermis along the edges.

In chronic generalized (granulomatous) candidiasis, clinical manifestations on the skin can be varied.

Candida balanoposthitis (an inflammatory disease that affects the glans penis and the inner layer of the foreskin) can be mild with slight lamellar peeling or be more pronounced when there is hyperemia, maceration, erosion on the skin of the glans penis and the inner layer of the preputial sac, and also in the coronal sulcus on the contact surfaces. Erosions can merge and form foci with clear boundaries and a shiny surface. Subjectively, patients are concerned about itching and burning. The disease can be complicated by ulceration and the development of phimosis.

Diagnosis of skin candidiasis

On examination, the doctor reveals inflamed areas of the skin, delimited by waterlogged epidermis.

The diagnostic search algorithm for candidiasis of any localization includes taking material from the affected area, followed by microscopy, seeding to determine the type of fungus and its sensitivity to antimycotic (antifungal) drugs.

Candida, determination of DNA (Candida albicans, DNA) in skin epithelial cell scrapings.

Candida, determination of DNA (Candida albicans, DNA) in skin epithelial cell scraping

Synonyms: Candida DNA in a scraping of epithelial skin cells; Scraping of epithelial skin cells for candida.

Candida albicans, DNA testing; Candida albicans REAL-TIME PCR DNA, scraping of skin epithelial cells; . ..

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Determination of antibodies of the IgG class to Candida.

Candida IgG

An indicator of the immune response used in the diagnosis of invasive forms of candidiasis.

Fungi of the genus Candida (most often Candida albicans) are ubiquitous. They are present…

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The quantitative determination of Candida is of diagnostic value, since the presence of a small number of Candida fungi is the norm.

Identification of the causative agent of skin candidiasis and determination of its sensitivity to antifungal drugs is carried out by sowing the scraping biomaterial.

Yeast Culture. Identification and Antimycotic Susceptibility testing (Yeast Culture. Identification and Antimycotic Susceptibility testing)

Isolated pathogens: yeast-like fungi (genus Candida, Cryptococcus and others). Material for examination: depending on the type of suspected infection, urine is examined…

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With candidiasis of smooth skin of large folds and outside the folds, the disease should be differentiated from seborrheic eczema, psoriasis and other mycoses.

Which doctors to contact

A dermatologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of skin candidiasis.

Treatment of skin candidiasis

Small lesions of smooth skin can be treated with topical antimycotic (antifungal) agents.

In recent years, azole preparations with a wide spectrum of action, as well as polyene antibiotics, have been used in the treatment of candidiasis.

In case of candidiasis of smooth skin of large folds with acute inflammation, treatment should be started with the use of an aqueous solution of brilliant green (1-2%) in combination with powder and carried out for 2-3 days. Then antimycotic drugs are prescribed: a cream or ointment is applied in a thin layer to the lesions 1-2 times a day. Treatment is continued until resolution of clinical manifestations, plus another 7 days to prevent relapse.

With widespread processes on the skin and the ineffectiveness of local therapy, antifungal agents of systemic action are prescribed: The duration of therapy is 2-4 weeks.

Complications

With a long course, the acute form of candidiasis can turn into a chronic one, which is extremely difficult to treat.

Prevention of skin candidiasis

There is no specific prevention of candidiasis of the skin. Of the generally accepted means of prevention, it should be noted the standard skin hygiene, the priority of underwear and clothing made from natural fabrics.

Sources:

1. Butov Yu.S. Dermatovenereology. National leadership. Brief edition / ed. Yu.S. Butova, Yu.K. Skripkina, O.L. Ivanova – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2017. – 896 p.
2. Infectious diseases. National leadership / N.D. Yushchuk, Yu.Ya. Vengerov. – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. – 1112 p.
3. Zachinyaeva A.V. Medical mycology / Zachinyaeva A.V., Moskalev A.V., Andreev V.A., Sboychakov V.B. – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. – 288 p.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

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Candidiasis

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Candidiasis

Candidiasis is a disease of the mucous membranes, skin, and internal organs caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. The genus Candida contains more than 170 varieties. Fungi of this genus can be found almost everywhere: from soil, vegetables and fruits to household items and your own body, where fungi are an integral part of the normal microflora.

Causes of candidiasis

Candida are single-celled plant microorganisms of an oval or round shape (pictured left is Candida albicans under a microscope). The structure of the cell wall provides the fungus with good protection from the effects of adverse environmental factors, including drugs. Despite the fact that the optimal temperature for growth is 20-27°C, fungi feel good even at a human body temperature of 37°C. Well assimilating sugars, Candida prefer tissues rich in glucose and glucose-containing compounds, which is why candidiasis often develops in diabetic patients. Candida albicans is the most common causative agent of candidiasis. In order for opportunistic Candida to cause damage to organs and tissues, the body must be affected by factors that sharply reduce the effectiveness of its defense mechanisms: severe infections, diabetes mellitus, immunodeficiency states, malignant neoplasms, treatment with corticosteroid hormones, modern antibiotics. Childhood and old age, pregnancy are conditions with a higher likelihood of candidiasis.

The source of infection with candidiasis, as a rule, is the body’s own flora (autoinfection), but infection from the outside can occur. Causing a disease, the fungus does not change its properties – the body changes its properties (local protection decreases). Attaching to the cells of the epithelium, the pathogenic fungus begins to parasitize in them, penetrating deep into the tissues. The depth of penetration can be different from the surface epithelial cells in the oral cavity to the entire thickness of the mucous membrane. In the body’s struggle with candidiasis, a dynamic balance often occurs when the fungus seeks to penetrate deeper into the tissues, but cannot, and the body tries to reject it and also cannot. In this case, the process can last for years, a shift in the balance in one direction or another will either lead to recovery or exacerbate the process.

Symptoms of candidiasis

Candidiasis can occur in the following forms: candidiasis of the smooth skin and its appendages, candidiasis of the oral mucosa, urogenital candidiasis, visceral candidiasis, chronic generalized candidiasis.

With candidiasis of the skin and its appendages, most often the foci are located in large folds: inguinal-femoral, intergluteal, axillary cavities, under the mammary glands (skin candidiasis in the photo on the right). The skin in the interdigital folds may be affected, more often in children and adults suffering from serious diseases – on the skin of the palms, feet, smooth skin of the trunk and extremities. Foci in large folds look like small 1-2 mm bubbles, which soon open with the formation of erosion. Erosions increase in size, merge, forming large areas of damage. Foci of candidiasis have an irregular shape, dark red color, around the focus – a strip of exfoliating epidermis. Outside the folds, the lesions look like red spots with peeling in the center; occasionally, small bubbles may appear around the focus.

In the interdigital folds of the hands, foci of candidiasis most often appear in people who have prolonged contact with water (Candidiasis of the interdigital spaces in the photo on the left). Foci occur more often on the hands between 3-4 and 4-5 fingers, itching, burning, cracks, foci of erosion of a dark red color appear. On the palms and feet, candidiasis looks like foci of peeling, exfoliation of the epidermis, or as foci of excessive keratinization with furrows that have a dirty brown color. The defeat of nails in candidiasis consists of a lesion of the periungual roller: swelling appears, redness around the nail, the roller becomes thickened, the skin becomes thinner, flaky. Damage to the nail occurs due to a violation of its nutrition due to damage to the periungual ridge: the nails become thinner, separated from the bed (they look as if cut from the sides), acquire a yellow-brown color.

Among all localizations of candidiasis in the gastrointestinal tract, candidiasis of the oral mucosa ranks first. Even Hippocrates mentioned it in his works. Candidiasis stomatitis often occurs in newborns, in people using dentures. Because of the typical symptom – white cheesy deposits in the oral cavity, this form of candidiasis is called “thrush”. At the beginning of the disease with stomatitis, small foci of redness and swelling of the mucous membranes of the cheeks, gums, and tongue appear. Foci can merge, forming zones of extensive damage. Soon, against the background of these foci, white curdled raids appear: at first small – 1-3 mm increase, merge, forming films of various shapes and sizes. Films are easily removed, exposing a smooth, brilliant saturated red surface. An increase in temperature, inflammation of the lymph nodes with candidiasis of the oral cavity does not happen. In the chronic course of stomatitis, plaques become coarse, more closely adjacent to the affected mucous membrane, after removal, erosion remains under them. The tongue increases in size, is covered with deep furrows, at the bottom of which you can see a yellow-white coating. Candidiasis of the corners of the mouth or candidal seizure usually occurs as a result of the spread of the process from the oral cavity, has the form of erosion or cracks of a grayish-white color with clear boundaries. Candidiasis of the lips is manifested by the cyanosis of the red border of the lips, peeling in the form of grayish plates. The skin of the lips becomes thinner, gathering into folds.

Gastric candidiasis, as a form of visceral candidiasis, develops against the background of peptic ulcer, low acidity of gastric juice can contribute to the development of the fungus. A colony of the fungus, settling in places of ulcerative or erosive lesions, slows down their healing, causes pain and bleeding.

Intestinal candidiasis often occurs after prolonged treatment with modern antibiotics and is manifested by discomfort, bloating, diarrhea. The diagnosis of this condition can be established only after studying the composition of the intestinal flora.

Candidiasis of the genitourinary system (urogenital candidiasis) manifests itself most often in the form of vulvovaginitis (also “thrush”) in women and balanitis in combination with urethritis in men. Candidiasis vulvovaginitis is called the “disease of our civilization”, since many of its achievements, it turns out, create favorable conditions for the development of fungi. These include: synthetic underwear, pads, which cause an increase in humidity and temperature, which in turn contributes to a change in the structure of the upper layers of the skin.

With vulvovaginitis, against the background of burning and itching, curdled discharge from the genital tract appears, foci of hyperemia (redness) with whitish spots appear in the vagina and its vestibule, bubbles may appear around the foci. Itching increases in the afternoon and during sleep, after water procedures and long walking, during menstruation.

With balanitis, the glans penis becomes red, erosions appear with a whitish coating, itching.

Chronic generalized candidiasis develops in childhood, is associated with a lack of all levels of immune defense, impaired thyroid function, and the presence of diabetes mellitus. As a rule, the process begins with a lesion of the oral mucosa, then foci of candidiasis appear on the lips, scalp, genitals, skin, and nails. Such foci with swelling, redness, peeling resemble foci of psoriasis or pyoderma. Internal organs can be affected: candidiasis of the lungs occurs, damage to the eyes, kidneys of the heart. As an extreme degree, candida sepsis occurs, in which fungi from the primary focus are carried by blood flow to the organs, causing their damage. Fungal sepsis is often fatal.

Diagnosis of candidiasis

The diagnosis of candidiasis is based on the characteristic symptoms of the disease. To clarify the type of pathogen, bacteriological studies are carried out with sowing material from a sick person on nutrient media. The detection of a large number of Candida fungi in the material from the patient allows you to establish the correct diagnosis. Blood tests can be carried out for the presence of antibodies to fungal cell elements, the presence of a large amount of antibodies in the blood (1:160, 1:320 or more) will indicate the fungal cause of the disease. To study the state of immunity, studies of the level of immunoglobulins A and M, which prevent the fixation of fungi on the mucous membranes, can be carried out.

Candidiasis stomatitis must be distinguished from stomatitis of other origin (eg, toxic) when making a diagnosis; fibrinous deposits can be mistakenly recognized as fungal colonies. Misdiagnosis can be made in the case of leukoplakia (areas of dystrophic changes in the mucous membrane, similar to whitish spots and stripes), manifestations of secondary syphilis on the oral mucosa. If it is necessary to distinguish candidiasis from diphtheria, the absence of intoxication, inflammation of the lymph nodes, and soft tissue edema is taken into account in candidiasis. Candidal lung disease can be confused with tuberculosis or lung neoplasms.

Often unrecognized candidiasis of the intestine, like another chronic infection (eg, dysentery), continues to be treated with antibiotics, which leads to a deterioration in the patient’s condition.

Treatment of candidiasis

Usually, in mild cases of candidiasis, you can do without going to the doctor, using external remedies and traditional medicine methods. However, contacting a doctor should not be postponed in case of spread of foci of candidiasis, their appearance in new places, fever, inflammation of the lymph nodes. The occurrence of foci of candidiasis, not associated with the previous use of antibiotics, should alert not only the patient, but also the doctor: in such cases, it is necessary to conduct an examination in order to identify the disease that caused the candida infection. Seeing a doctor should not be postponed if there is even a slight doubt about the signs of the type of infection and the effect of self-treatment.

The treatment of candidiasis, although aimed at the complete removal of Candida from the focus, does not lead to a complete release of the body from it, and is actually aimed at suppressing the overdevelopment of fungi. For these purposes, there are special antifungal drugs (antimycotics). Antimycotics are divided into several groups: triazoles (fluconazole, itraconazole), imidazoles (ketoconazole, econazole, clotrimazole, oxiconazole, thioconazole), polyenes (nystatin, levorin, amphotericin B), allylamines (terbinafine, lamisil), echinocandins (caspofungin).

Antifungal agents for mild forms of candidiasis are mainly used topically in the form of ointments (canison, nizoral, mifungar), solutions (aniline dyes, iodine), suppository suppositories (pimafucin, gyno-travogen). These funds are used 1 – 2 times a day. If local treatment does not give the desired effect, use drugs with a systemic effect in the form of tablets, injectables.
With a general strengthening purpose, vitamins B2, B6, nicotinic and ascorbic acid are prescribed. The diet should be rich in proteins with the restriction of carbohydrate foods, with the exception of sweets. After conducting studies of the immune status, the function of the endocrine glands (endocrine status), the composition of the intestinal flora, it is necessary to correct them or treat the identified diseases.

Treatment of candidiasis folk remedies

Alternative methods of treatment of candidiasis include the use of medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory, astringent effect (oak bark, chamomile, celandine, bird cherry, calendula, St. John’s wort). Decoctions of these plants are taken orally, used for rinsing, lotions. Products with medicinal properties are widely used: yogurt, tea fungus infusion, kvass, dishes with garlic. These products contain not only phytoncides, nutrients and vitamins, but also acids that inhibit the development of fungi. As a means of promoting the restoration of epithelial tissue, traditional medicine recommends carrot juice, both inside and in the form of rinses and lotions. Licorice and stevia can be used as sweetener products instead of sugar.

Prevention of candidiasis

Prevention of candidiasis consists in its timely prevention in people at risk: those who have undergone long-term treatment with antibiotics, immunosuppressants, hormones, with immunodeficiency states. Such persons should be examined and, if a fungal infection is detected, antifungal agents should be prescribed in a timely manner. In the treatment of candidiasis of the genitourinary system, it is necessary to treat the patient’s sexual partners. Treatment with antibiotics for various diseases should be reasonable, it is strongly not recommended to use antibiotics as a self-medication, without the advice of a doctor. Hardening, playing sports strengthen the body, increase resistance to any kind of infection. With symptoms of intestinal dysbiosis (dysbacteriosis), a diet is needed that includes fermented milk products with lacto- and bifidobacteria, pickled vegetables, cereals with shell elements, as well as drugs that help restore the normal composition of the microflora. You should stop using soap and toothpastes with antibacterial additives. Clothing and underwear should not create a greenhouse effect on the skin. Household items must be kept clean.

If candidiasis is not treated

Despite the fact that the symptoms of candidiasis can go away on their own – do not rely on the body’s capabilities and a miracle. Candidiasis needs to be treated. The most likely outcome of untreated (badly treated) candidiasis is the transition from an acute form to a chronic one. In this case, even the dynamic equilibrium mentioned in the article will be a good option. However, it should be understood that the body, having lost ground once, is likely to continue to succumb to the infection. Fungi will penetrate deep into the affected tissues, causing dystrophic changes in them. Chronic candidiasis with a change in the structure of the affected tissue is already much less similar to the well-known “thrush”. This form of the disease is easier to confuse with bacterial infections, lesions of an allergic or autoimmune nature. Having penetrated deep into the tissues, the fungus becomes inaccessible to the action of drugs for external use and even for some drugs with a systemic effect. Spreading over the surface, the fungus captures more and more new areas, moving from the mucous membranes to the skin or vice versa. Damaged tissue areas become easily vulnerable to pathogenic bacteria – foci of purulent inflammation appear.

The deeper the fungus spreads, the closer it gets to the blood vessels. Once in the blood, candida will be carried by its current throughout the body, causing the appearance of more and more new foci of candida infection. The destructive effect on tissues can lead to bleeding. More often it occurs with candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract. Being alien to the body, candida causes the appearance of allergic reactions that take on a perverted, excessive character. Candidiasis during pregnancy can be devastating from infection of the fetus to termination of pregnancy.

Doctor’s advice on candidiasis

I can’t get rid of candidiasis for several years. Tried almost every drug. What to do?

First: conduct a full examination, identify and treat diseases – the causes of candidiasis, perhaps during the examination it will turn out that you do not have candidiasis at all.
Second: to carry out a full-fledged treatment. Most patients are undisciplined and take treatment only until the signs of the disease that disturb them disappear. After the end of treatment, re-examine.

Does my partner have urogenital candidiasis? What is the likelihood of contracting it through sexual contact?

Genital candidiasis should not be considered one of the venereal diseases. The exchange of candida fungi by contact does not necessarily entail the development of candidiasis. The probability of the disease depends on the degree of decrease in the body’s defenses. However, when treating candidiasis in one partner, it is desirable to treat the other partner, regardless of whether he has signs of the disease.

When examining the intestinal flora, Candida fungi were found in me. How to get rid of them?

Candida albicans is found in the intestines of most people. The issue is not availability, but quantity. With their excess, it is necessary to carry out a correction, creating conditions (diet, eubiotics, antifungal drugs) unsuitable for excessive reproduction of fungi.

When is it necessary to combine an antibiotic with an antifungal in the treatment of infections?

Antibiotic treatment does not always lead to the development of candidiasis.