What are the most effective over-the-counter treatments for yeast infections. How do different antifungal creams and suppositories work to relieve symptoms. What are the key factors to consider when choosing a yeast infection medication.

Understanding Yeast Infections: Causes and Symptoms

Yeast infections, medically known as candidiasis, occur when there is an overgrowth of the Candida fungus. While Candida naturally exists in our bodies, certain conditions can lead to its excessive proliferation, causing uncomfortable symptoms.

Common causes of yeast infections include:

• Antibiotic use
• Hormonal changes (e.g., pregnancy, menstruation)
• Weakened immune system
• Diabetes
• Tight, non-breathable clothing
• High-sugar diets

Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection typically include:

• Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
• Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Vaginal pain and soreness
• Thick, white, odorless discharge with a cottage cheese-like appearance

Can yeast infections affect other parts of the body? Indeed, while vaginal yeast infections are most common, Candida overgrowth can occur in various areas, including:

• Mouth (oral thrush)
• Skin folds
• Nail beds
• Diaper area in infants

Over-the-Counter Treatment Options for Yeast Infections

When it comes to treating yeast infections, several over-the-counter (OTC) options are available. These treatments typically contain antifungal medications that work to eliminate the excess Candida and alleviate symptoms.

Common Active Ingredients in OTC Yeast Infection Treatments

• Miconazole
• Clotrimazole
• Tioconazole
• Butoconazole

These antifungal agents are available in various forms, including:

1. Vaginal creams
2. Suppositories
3. Tablets
4. Ointments

How do these treatments differ in their application and duration? Let’s explore some popular options:

1. Miconazole-based Products

Miconazole is a widely used antifungal agent available in multiple formulations:

• 1-day treatments: High-dose, single-application products
• 3-day treatments: Moderate-strength applications used for three consecutive days
• 7-day treatments: Lower-dose applications used for a week

An example of a miconazole-based product is the Monistat 1-Day Yeast Infection Treatment, which contains a single, high-dose ovule for rapid relief.

2. Clotrimazole Creams

Clotrimazole is another effective antifungal medication available over the counter. Products like Walgreens Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream offer relief from yeast infection symptoms and typically come in a 7-day treatment regimen.

3. Tioconazole Ointments

Tioconazole is known for its potent antifungal properties. The Walgreens Tioconazole Ointment 6.5% is a single-dose treatment that provides relief from yeast infection symptoms.

Choosing the Right Yeast Infection Treatment

When selecting an OTC yeast infection treatment, several factors should be considered:

• Severity of symptoms
• Personal preference for application method
• Treatment duration
• Any known allergies or sensitivities

Is a longer treatment duration always better? Not necessarily. While 7-day treatments may be gentler on sensitive skin, 1-day or 3-day treatments can provide faster relief for those with more severe symptoms.

Application Methods and Best Practices

Proper application of yeast infection treatments is crucial for their effectiveness. Here are some general guidelines:

1. Wash hands thoroughly before and after application
2. Read and follow the product instructions carefully
3. Use the provided applicator for creams and suppositories
4. Apply the treatment before bedtime for optimal absorption
5. Wear a panty liner to prevent leakage
6. Complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve

Are there any precautions to take during treatment? It’s advisable to avoid sexual intercourse during treatment and to refrain from using tampons, douches, or other vaginal products that may interfere with the medication.

Potential Side Effects and Interactions

While OTC yeast infection treatments are generally safe, some individuals may experience side effects. Common side effects may include:

• Mild burning or irritation
• Headache
• Abdominal cramps

Do these medications interact with other drugs? Some antifungal treatments may interact with certain medications, including:

• Blood thinners
• Oral contraceptives
• Some diabetes medications

It’s always best to consult with a healthcare provider or pharmacist if you have concerns about potential drug interactions.

When to Seek Professional Medical Advice

While OTC treatments are effective for most uncomplicated yeast infections, there are instances where professional medical attention is necessary:

• If it’s your first yeast infection
• If symptoms persist after completing OTC treatment
• If you experience frequent recurrent infections
• If you’re pregnant
• If you have underlying health conditions like diabetes or HIV

How can you differentiate between a yeast infection and other vaginal infections? Some symptoms of bacterial vaginosis or sexually transmitted infections can mimic those of yeast infections. If you’re unsure about your symptoms or if they’re accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, or unusual discharge, it’s best to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.

Prevention Strategies for Yeast Infections

While yeast infections are common, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

1. Wear breathable, cotton underwear
2. Avoid tight-fitting pants or pantyhose
3. Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly
4. Avoid douching or using scented feminine hygiene products
5. Maintain good hygiene, but avoid over-washing the vaginal area
6. Consider taking probiotics, especially when on antibiotics
7. Manage blood sugar levels if you have diabetes

Can dietary changes help prevent yeast infections? While research is ongoing, some studies suggest that reducing sugar intake and incorporating probiotic-rich foods into your diet may help maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome and reduce the risk of yeast overgrowth.

Natural Remedies and Complementary Treatments

While OTC antifungal treatments are the most reliable option for treating yeast infections, some individuals may be interested in exploring natural remedies. It’s important to note that these alternatives have varying levels of scientific support and should not replace conventional treatments without consulting a healthcare provider.

Some popular natural remedies include:

• Probiotic supplements
• Tea tree oil (diluted and used externally)
• Boric acid suppositories
• Coconut oil
• Garlic

Are these natural remedies as effective as OTC treatments? While some natural remedies show promise, their efficacy is generally not as well-established as conventional antifungal medications. It’s crucial to approach these alternatives with caution and to consult with a healthcare provider before trying them, especially if you’re pregnant or have underlying health conditions.

Complementary treatments that may help alleviate symptoms or support overall vaginal health include:

1. Wearing loose, breathable clothing
2. Using unscented, gentle soaps for cleansing
3. Applying cold compresses to relieve itching and discomfort
4. Taking a probiotic supplement to support vaginal flora

Can lifestyle changes impact the frequency of yeast infections? Indeed, maintaining a balanced diet, managing stress levels, and practicing good hygiene can all contribute to overall vaginal health and potentially reduce the occurrence of yeast infections.

In conclusion, while yeast infections are common and often easily treatable with over-the-counter medications, it’s essential to approach treatment with care and knowledge. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and available treatment options empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their health. Remember, persistent or recurrent symptoms warrant professional medical attention to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Yeast Infection Cream | Walgreens

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• Walgreens Clotrimazole Vaginal Cream (1.5 oz )Walgreens

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• Walgreens Tioconazole Ointment 6.5 Percent, 1-Dose Treatment for Vaginal Yeast Infection (0.16 oz )Walgreens

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Yeast Infection Cream

Yeast infections can be a bothersome and uncomfortable experience, and they can affect anyone. While yeast infections can occur in different parts of the body, including the mouth, nail beds and moist areas of skin, vaginal yeast infections are very common, affecting nearly 3 out of 4 women in their lifetimes. There are a variety of over-the-counter products available to ease the symptoms associated with vaginal yeast infections and help prevent the infection from getting worse. These include antifungal creams and suppositories in various doses and quantities. All of these varieties of yeast infection treatments can be purchased in stores or online at Walgreens.

What is a yeast infection?

A yeast infection (candidiasis) is an overgrowth of a certain type of fungus called Candida that is normally harmless and found on the body. However, some environmental and health conditions can cause this yeast to overpopulate and bring about bothersome symptoms. Yeast infections can occur on the skin and the mucous membranes, which can include the mouth, digestive tract, vagina, armpits, breasts and other sites that may retain moisture.

Vaginal yeast infections can happen to anyone. However, pregnancy, antibiotics and diabetes may put certain women more at risk for developing them. Wearing non-breathable clothing such as synthetic fabric underwear may also contribute to yeast growth. Luckily, there are products and medications available at Walgreens in stores and online that may help you find relief from a yeast infection.

What are the common symptoms of a yeast infection?

Vaginal yeast infections are quite unpleasant, and symptoms can get more intense with time. Some of the common symptoms may include:

• Burning sensation, especially during sexual intercourse or urination
• Itching, swelling, and redness in and around the vagina
• Watery, white or yellow cheese-like discharge from the vagina
• Vaginal soreness or pain

Many of these symptoms can mimic other infections or health conditions so it’s important that you contact your healthcare provider if you’re experiencing these symptoms. Some yeast infections can become worse or require additional treatment.

How does yeast infection cream work?

Yeast infection creams are intended to alleviate symptoms and reduce the population of fungus. There are multiple treatment options for vaginal yeast infections, including medicated suppositories and creams as well as homeopathic remedies.

Some over-the-counter vaginal yeast infection products and creams may help relieve symptoms or get rid of the infection with just a single dose. Some of the more common antifungal ingredients in yeast infection creams may include miconazole, clotrimazole, or tioconazole. If you use a yeast infection cream and continue to have symptoms, tell your healthcare provider.

How to use yeast infection cream

Different vaginal yeast infection creams may be intended to be used for different periods of time. You should follow all product instructions carefully and use as directed. Over-the-counter vaginal yeast infection treatment products will usually come with an applicator that is used to insert the cream or suppository into the vagina. Most creams or antifungal capsules are inserted into the vagina at bedtime for one or more days, depending on the product. If you have any questions about yeast infection creams, ask your Walgreens pharmacist in store or online in Pharmacy Chat.

How to Use MONISTAT® Yeast Infection Treatment

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Not Sure How To Treat?

How do you treat a yeast infection without a prescription? It’s easy! You reach for the #1 gynecologist recommended OTC brand, MONISTAT®. MONISTAT® offers 1-day, 3-day and 7-day yeast infection treatments— which come in a variety of formats, and some which come with external itch cream, called a “Combination Pack.” The number of “days” of treatment corresponds to the number of doses– so a “3-Day” treatment means you’ll use 3 doses to treat your yeast infection. Although the number of “days” of treatment varies with the 1-day, 3-day and 7-day products, all doses cure most vaginal yeast infections in the same amount of time, equally and effectively.

An important note, before we explain the directions for how to use MONISTAT® treatments: While our products can be used by adults and children over 12, do not self-treat with MONISTAT® if this is your first yeast infection.

If a doctor has told you in the past that you had a vaginal yeast infection and you have the same symptoms now (such as vaginal discharge, itching or burning), then MONISTAT® products may work for you.

If you have another medical condition, like diabetes, or are pregnant, please talk to your doctor before buying and using MONISTAT®.

You can use these treatments while you have your period. However, do not have sex or use tampons, douches, spermicides, condoms or diaphragms until after you have completed the treatment and your symptoms are gone.

Below you will find instructions on how to apply each MONISTAT® yeast infection product.  However, once you buy Monistat®, you should read the entire leaflet that comes in the box.

MONISTAT® 1 products are maximum strength, single-dose yeast infection treatments designed to be an easy solution for busy women with active lifestyles. The one-day ovule has been formulated so you can apply the treatment during the day or at night, whereas all other Monistat® treatments should be used at night Below you’ll find MONISTAT® 1-Day directions for use for both MONISTAT® 1 products.

• How to use MONISTAT® 1-Day Treatment Combination Pack Ovule (miconazole nitrate)

  The Monistat 1-Day Treatment Combination Pack includes a  single Ovule insert that goes directly in the vagina with an applicator and a cream to relieve external itching and irritation. It’s important to keep the Ovule insert dry before use.

  How to insert the ovule: When ready, open the pouch and put the Ovule in at the top (wider) end of the applicator. (See the illustration in the instructions.) Once the Ovule is secure in the applicator, hold the applicator at the bottom end and insert the top end into your vagina as far as it will comfortably go, like you would a tampon. Push in the moveable plunger with your finger so the Ovule gets inserted in your vagina. Gently pull out the empty applicator and throw it away (do not flush). The ovule gradually melts to deliver medicine directly to the site of the infection.

  The MONISTAT® 1 Ovule® stays in place and can be used day or night, making it a great solution for women who don’t want to wait until bedtime to begin treating their yeast infection, or for those who exercise frequently or engage in high levels of activity.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve external itching and irritation, you can use the included itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.

  You can find and download full instructions here..

• How to use MONISTAT® 1-Day Treatment Prefilled Ointment (tioconazole)

  This MONISTAT® 1-Day treatment uses a different ingredient than the combination pack above. Because some women may be sensitive to the high dose of miconazole nitrate used in the other Monistat 1-Day treatment, this prefilled ointment uses tioconazole 6.5%.

  This vaginal antifungal product includes one dose of ointment in a ready-to-use, convenient, pre-filled applicator. First remove the pre-filled applicator from its wrapper. Unscrew and remove the purple cap from the applicator. Then insert the plunger into the prefilled applicator by placing the small end of the plunger into the gray hole at the end of the applicator (see illustration on instructions). Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it will go comfortably. This can be done while lying on your back or standing. As you would with a tampon, use a finger on the other hand to push the plunger in all the way. This action will place the ointment as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina and throw away—do not flush. You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  You can find and download full instructions here.

MONISTAT® 3 products spread out the dosage of yeast infection treatment over three days. This selection is a great option for women who want consistent treatment and relief at moderate dosage levels, instead of a one-day higher dose. Below you’ll find directions for using four different MONISTAT® 3-Day products.

• How to use MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Combination Pack Suppositories (miconazole nitrate)

  This pack comes with 3 vaginal suppository inserts and disposable applicators. It also includes itch cream for external itch relief. You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  How to insert the suppositories: Take one suppository out of the packaging and put it in the top of the applicator so it won’t fall out. Hold the applicator from the bottom end where the moveable plunger is, and insert the applicator into your vagina as far as it will comfortably go. Push the plunger in to release the suppository, as you would normally insert a tampon. Pull out both parts of the applicator and throw it away (do not flush). Wash your hands, then lie down as soon as possible to minimize any leakage. Repeat these steps over the next 2 nights with the remaining suppositories.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve itching and irritation, you can use the included external itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.  

  Download full instructions here.

• How to use MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Combination Pack Ovule® (miconazole nitrate)

  This regular strength yeast infection treatment comes with 3 Ovule® inserts and contoured disposable applicators for easy use. Plus it includes a cream for external itch relief.

  How to insert the ovule: When ready, open the pouch and put the Ovule in the top (wider) end of the applicator. (See the illustration in the instructions.) Once the Ovule is securely placed, hold the applicator at the bottom end and insert the top end first into your vagina as far as it will comfortably go, like you would a tampon. Push in the moveable plunger using a finger on your other hand to place the Ovule in your vagina. Gently pull out the empty applicator and throw away (do not flush).  You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner. Repeat these steps over the next 2 nights.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve itching and irritation, you can use the included external itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.  

  You can find and download full instructions here.

• How to use MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Combination Pack Prefilled Cream (miconazole nitrate)

  This MONISTAT® combination pack contains a regular strength yeast infection treatment that comes in 3 prefilled, ready-to-use applicators. It also includes itch cream for external itch relief.

  How to insert the cream: First remove the pre-filled applicator from its wrapper. Unscrew and remove the blue cap from the applicator. Then insert the plunger into the prefilled applicator by placing the small end of the plunger into the gray hole at the end of the applicator (see illustration on instructions). Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it will go comfortably. This can be done while lying on your back or standing. As you would with a tampon, use one hand holding the applicator in place, and use a finger to push the plunger in all the way. This action will place the cream as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina and throw away—do not flush. Repeat these steps using the other pre-filled applicators over the next 2 nights.

  You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve itching and irritation, you can use the included external itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.  

  You can find and download full instructions here.

• How to use MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Prefilled Cream (miconazole nitrate)

  MONISTAT® 3-Day Treatment Prefilled Cream is a regular strength yeast infection treatment that comes with 3 prefilled, ready-to-use applicators. For the best experience, you should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  First remove the pre-filled applicator from its wrapper. Then remove the blue cap from the applicator, and insert the plunger into the prefilled applicator. Do this by placing the small end of the plunger into the gray hole at the end of the applicator (see illustration on instructions). Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it will go comfortably, as if you are inserting a tampon. This can be done while lying on your back or standing. Use one hand to hold the applicator in place, and use a finger o to push the plunger in all the way. This action will place the cream as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina and throw away—do not flush.

  Lie down as soon as possible after inserting the cream to help reduce leakage. Repeat these steps using the other pre-filled applicators over the next 2 nights.

  You can find and download full instructions here.

Some women want to use a yeast infection treatment that uses a lower dose over a longer time period. For example, the U.S. CDC recommends that women who are pregnant or have diabetes only use a 7-day topical yeast infection treatment instead of higher dose and internal options.  (Note, women who are pregnant or diabetic should consult their healthcare provide before using Monistat or any other treatment.)

MONISTAT® 7 is a low dose yeast infection treatment. Learn how to use both of our MONISTAT® 7 treatments, below.

• How to use MONISTAT® 7-Day Treatment Combination Pack Cream (miconazole nitrate)

  MONISTAT® 7-Day Treatment Combination Pack Cream is a low dose yeast infection treatment that comes with 7 empty applicators and a tube of cream that you put into each applicator before using. This pack also includes itch cream for external itch relief.

  How to insert the cream: Open the tube of miconazole nitrate vaginal cream and press the sharp point of the cap into the sealed end of the tube until the seal breaks open. Attach the applicator to the tube of cream by placing the “A” end of the applicator firmly onto the tube of cream (see picture in instructions). Do not pull out the applicator plunger. Gently squeeze the cream into the applicator until the applicator is full, which you’ll see when the plunger has been fully pushed out.  Once it is full, separate the applicator from the tube. Do not release pressure on the tube until you have separated it from the filled applicator. Replace the cap and roll up the empty part of the tube from the bottom. Similar to how you would use a tampon, gently insert the applicator into your vagina as far as it will go comfortably. To do this, you can lie on your back with your knees bent or standing. With one hand holding the applicator barrel, use a finger on your other hand to push the plunger all the way in. This will place the cream as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina. Throw away the applicator after use. Do not flush any part of it in the toilet.

  Wash your hands and then lie down as soon as possible after inserting the cream. This will help reduce leakage. Over the next 6 days, repeat these steps. You should use this product right before bedtime and wear a pad or pantiliner.

  How to apply the external itch cream: To relieve itching and irritation, you can use the included external itch cream on the skin outside your vagina for up to 7 days. Apply the cream once in the morning and once before bedtime, as needed.

  You can find and download full instructions here.

• How to use MONISTAT® 7-Day Treatment Cream (miconazole nitrate)

  MONISTAT® 7-Day Treatment Cream is a low dose yeast infection treatment that comes with a tube of treatment cream and 7 empty applicators. You fill each one right before you use it. This cream can be used inside the vagina or on the skin outside of the vagina, around the vulva to relieve itching.

  How to insert the cream:  Open the tube by unscrewing the cap. Press the sharp point of the cap into the sealed end of the tube to break open the seal. Attach the applicator to the tube of cream by placing “A” end of the applicator firmly onto tube of cream (see illustration in instructions). Do not pull out the applicator plunger. Gently squeeze the cream into the applicator until the applicator is full, which you’ll see when the plunger has been fully pushed out. Separate the applicator from the tube. Do not release pressure on the tube until you have separated it from the filled applicator. After each use, replace the cap and roll up the tube over the empty part from the bottom.

  Gently insert the applicator into the vagina as far as it will go comfortably, like you would with a tampon. You can do this while lying on your back with your knees bent standing. With one hand holding the applicator barrel, use the other hand to push the plunger all the way in. This will place the cream as far back in the vagina as possible. Then remove both parts of the applicator from the vagina and throw them away—do not flush them in a toilet.

  Lie down as soon as possible after inserting the cream to help minimize leakage. Repeat these steps each night before bedtime for the next 6 days.

  You can find and download full instructions here.

Thrush in women: symptoms and treatment

Thrush (vaginal candidiasis) is an infectious disease caused by the active reproduction of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida on the mucous membranes of the female genital organs.

Along with bacterial infections (bacterial vaginosis), thrush is one of the most common diseases in women, most often occurs in reproductive age, less often in postmenopausal women (in the absence of hormone replacement therapy with estrogen), and even less often in girls before the onset of the first menstruation.

The highest risk of vaginal candidiasis occurs during pregnancy, other risk factors include a weakened immune system and the use of certain medications.

Causes

The most common type of fungus that causes yeast infections is Candida albicans, which is an opportunistic pathogen. Infections caused by other types of Candida are much less common and more difficult to treat. Candida albicans is present in the gastrointestinal tract, in the mouth, vagina, and on the skin. When their number increases, a yeast infection develops, which can affect any of the organs listed.

Risk factors for developing vaginal candidiasis include: taking antibacterial drugs, hormonal changes (during pregnancy), hormonal contraceptives (birth control pills, patches) and other contraceptives (vaginal diaphragm, vaginal ring, intrauterine device), diabetes mellitus, overweight, reduced immunity (due to HIV, immunosuppressive drugs, steroids, chemotherapy drugs), high sexual activity .

Fungal infection is not sexually transmitted, but candidiasis can develop in men after intimacy with a woman with vaginal candidiasis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of thrush include:

• unusual vaginal discharge (watery or white cheesy), odorless;
• itching and burning in the vagina and vulva;
• swelling and redness of the mucous membrane of the vagina and external genitalia;
• pain during intercourse;
• soreness and burning when urinating.

These symptoms are similar to those of other conditions – bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, dermatitis, so it is required to determine what specifically caused them. If they appear for the first time, do not disappear after using over-the-counter remedies for the treatment of thrush, be sure to consult a gynecologist. Important: self-diagnosis and treatment of thrush with over-the-counter drugs is not the most correct tactic. There is always a risk of additional financial burden, improper treatment and side effects caused by it. Only a doctor can determine exactly what is causing your condition.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask you about your symptoms, medical conditions, medications you are taking, perform a pelvic exam, and take a vaginal swab for microscopic examination.

Treatment of thrush

Treatment of thrush is with antifungal drugs and depends on the severity and frequency of the infection. The doctor may prescribe the antifungal drug miconazole or tecnazole (tablets, suppositories, creams, ointments) for 3 to 7 days if symptoms are mild or moderate, or fluconazole (Diflucan) once (for more severe symptoms, two doses 3 days apart). During pregnancy, oral forms of drugs are not recommended.

For recurrent vaginal candidiasis (4 or more infections per year), long-term antifungals are prescribed.

There is no evidence that probiotics and yogurts containing live lactobacilli improve the condition of women with recurrent vaginal candidiasis.

Benefits of treating thrush at Rassvet Clinic

Gynecologists at Rassvet Clinic have extensive practical experience and extensive knowledge necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of vaginal candidiasis.

We employ caring and delicate specialists who will definitely help you get rid of an unpleasant problem. Diagnosis and treatment of thrush in the Rassvet clinic is carried out according to the most modern standards, using international clinical recommendations.

References

• Jack D Sobel, MD, UpToDate: Patient education: Vaginal yeast infection (Beyond the Basics) // Last updated: Jan 25, 2021/ https://www. uptodate.com/contents/vaginal-yeast-infection-beyond-the-basics
• MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine: Vaginal yeast infection // Review Date 30/6/2019 / https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001511.htm
• Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research: Yeast infection (vaginal) // https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/yeast-infection/symptoms-causes/syc-20378999
• Johns Hopkins Medicine: Yeast infection // https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/candidiasis-yeast-infection
• Oluwatosin Goje, MD, MSCR, Cleveland Clinic, MSD Manual: Vaginal Yeast Infection (Candidiasis) // Last full review/revision Apr 2021 / https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/vaginal-infections-and-pelvic-inflammatory-disease/vaginal-yeast-infection-candidiasis 900 22
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Vaginal Candidiasis // Last reviewed: October 12, 2021 / https://www. cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/index.html

Author:

Amelicheva Alena Alexandrovna
medical editor

Publication date: December 16, 2021

Update date: August 5, 2022

Thrush: treatment and diagnosis in Bishkek

Causes

Symptoms

Diagnosis 90 003

Treatment

Vaginal candidiasis (vaginal candidiasis, thrush) is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge and intense itching in the vagina and vulva, i.e. area around the opening of the vagina. This is a type of vaginitis or inflammation of the vagina.

Causes

Yeasts of the genus Candida cause vaginal candidiasis. Normally, both yeasts, including the genus Candida, and bacteria are present in the vagina. The number of these microorganisms is balanced. Lactobacilli produce acid that inhibits yeast overgrowth. This balance can be thrown into overgrowth of yeast, which causes vaginal itching, burning, and other classic symptoms of vaginal candidiasis.
Yeast overgrowth can be caused by:

• Use of antibiotics that reduce the growth of lactobacilli, resulting in changes in vaginal pH
• Pregnancy
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• Weakening of the immune system
• Taking oral contraceptives or hormonal drugs, resulting in an increase in estrogen levels.

Vaginal candidiasis is most commonly caused by the fungus Candida albicans, but other fungi sometimes cause the disease. Standard therapy usually cures Candida albicans infection. If the disease is caused by another type of yeast, then treatment will be more difficult, and more aggressive therapy may be required.
Vaginal candidiasis can occur after sex, especially after oral-genital contact. However, it is not a sexually transmitted infection and can develop even in women who are not sexually active.
Risk factors
Risk factors for vaginal candidiasis:

• Use of antibiotics. Vaginal candidiasis often develops in women who take antibiotics that destroy beneficial bacteria as well. This leads to overgrowth of yeast.
• Increased estrogen levels. Vaginal candidiasis is common among women who have elevated estrogen levels, such as those who are pregnant, taking high-estrogen oral contraceptives, or receiving estrogen hormone therapy.
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Women with diabetes who have poor blood glucose control are more at risk of developing vaginal candidiasis than those who have good blood sugar control.
• Damage to the immune system. Women with reduced immune reactivity – receiving corticosteroids or suffering from HIV infection – are more susceptible to developing vaginal candidiasis.
• Sexual activity. Although vaginal candidiasis is not considered a sexually transmitted disease, yeast can be transmitted sexually.

Symptoms

Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis can vary in severity from mild to severe and include:

• Itching and irritation of the vagina and external genitalia (vulva)
• Burning sensation, especially during intercourse or urination
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Pain or discomfort in the vagina
• Watery vaginal discharge (leucorrhoea)
• Rash
• Thick, white, odorless discharge that looks like cottage cheese

Vaginal candidiasis can lead to complications if:

• Significant symptoms: intense redness, swelling, itching, up to cracking, intense pain
• Disease recurs four times a year or more
• The causative agent is a yeast other than Candida albicans
• You are pregnant
• You have uncontrolled diabetes.
• You are immunocompromised due to certain drugs or a disease, such as HIV infection.

Diagnostics

For the diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis doctor:
Gathers anamnesis. The doctor will ask questions about previous vaginal or sexually transmitted infections.
Performs a gynecological examination. The doctor will examine your vulva to look for signs of infection. The doctor will then insert a special instrument called a speculum into the vagina to spread the walls of the vagina and examine it and the cervix.
Takes a smear from the vagina for analysis. Your doctor may take a swab of your vaginal discharge to determine what type of yeast is causing vaginal candidiasis. This will help prescribe a more effective treatment for a recurrent course of the disease.

Treatment

Treatment of vaginal candidiasis depends on whether it is complicated or not.
Uncomplicated vaginal candidiasis
For mild to moderate symptoms and rare episodes, your doctor may recommend:
Short course of topical preparations. Antifungals are available as creams, ointments, tablets and suppositories. The course of treatment lasts one, three or seven days, and this is usually enough. Many drugs have shown effectiveness, for example: butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole and terconazole. Some of them are available only with a prescription, some without. Side effects may include burning or irritation upon injection. It may be necessary to change the type of contraception for the duration of treatment. Suppositories and creams are oil based and can potentially damage condoms and vaginal caps.
Single oral preparations. Your doctor may prescribe a single-dose oral medication called fluconazole. If the disease is severe, you can take a second dose three days after.
OTC drugs . Over-the-counter suppositories and creams help many women and can be used during pregnancy. Treatment usually lasts three to seven days.
See your doctor again if symptoms do not go away with treatment or reappear after two months.