What are the common symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection. How can you prevent yeast infections naturally. When should you see a doctor for yeast infection symptoms. What factors increase the risk of developing vaginal candidiasis.

Understanding Vaginal Yeast Infections: An Overview

Vaginal yeast infections, also known as vaginal candidiasis, are a common fungal infection affecting up to 75% of women at some point in their lives. These infections cause irritation, discharge, and intense itching of the vagina and vulva. While not considered a sexually transmitted infection, the risk of developing a yeast infection increases with the onset of regular sexual activity.

The fungus Candida albicans is the primary culprit behind most vaginal yeast infections. Normally, your vagina maintains a balanced ecosystem of yeast and bacteria. However, certain factors can disrupt this balance, leading to an overgrowth of Candida and the subsequent infection.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Vaginal Yeast Infection

Identifying the symptoms of a yeast infection is crucial for prompt treatment. The severity of symptoms can range from mild to moderate and may include:

• Intense itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
• A burning sensation, particularly during intercourse or urination
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Vaginal pain and soreness
• Vaginal rash
• Thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge resembling cottage cheese
• Watery vaginal discharge

Are these symptoms always indicative of a yeast infection? While these signs are common, it’s important to note that other vaginal infections may present similar symptoms. Therefore, proper diagnosis by a healthcare professional is essential, especially if it’s your first suspected yeast infection or if symptoms persist despite over-the-counter treatments.

Causes and Risk Factors of Vaginal Yeast Infections

Understanding the causes and risk factors of yeast infections can help in prevention and management. The primary causes include:

• Antibiotic use, which can disrupt the natural vaginal flora
• Pregnancy
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• Impaired immune system
• Hormonal changes due to oral contraceptives or hormone therapy

Several factors can increase your risk of developing a yeast infection:

1. Frequent antibiotic use
2. Elevated estrogen levels (e.g., during pregnancy or when using high-dose estrogen birth control pills)
3. Poorly controlled diabetes
4. Compromised immune system (e.g., due to corticosteroid therapy or HIV infection)

Is there a link between sexual activity and yeast infections? While yeast infections are not typically considered sexually transmitted, there’s evidence suggesting a potential connection between oral-genital contact and an increased risk of infection.

Preventing Vaginal Yeast Infections: Practical Tips

Taking proactive steps can significantly reduce your risk of developing yeast infections. Here are some practical prevention strategies:

• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Avoid tight-fitting pantyhose
• Skip douching, which can remove protective bacteria
• Steer clear of scented feminine products
• Limit time in hot tubs and very hot baths
• Avoid unnecessary antibiotic use
• Change out of wet clothes promptly

Can dietary changes help prevent yeast infections? While not directly addressed in the original text, some studies suggest that maintaining a balanced diet low in sugar and rich in probiotics may help support vaginal health and reduce the risk of yeast overgrowth.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Yeast Infection Symptoms

While mild yeast infections often respond to over-the-counter treatments, certain situations warrant a visit to your healthcare provider. Schedule an appointment if:

• This is your first experience with yeast infection symptoms
• You’re unsure whether your symptoms indicate a yeast infection
• Over-the-counter antifungal treatments don’t alleviate your symptoms
• You develop additional symptoms

How can you differentiate between a simple and a complicated yeast infection? A complicated yeast infection may involve severe symptoms, frequent recurrence (four or more infections per year), atypical fungal strains, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes, or a weakened immune system. These cases often require more aggressive treatment approaches.

Treatment Options for Vaginal Yeast Infections

Effective treatments are available for vaginal yeast infections, ranging from over-the-counter options to prescription medications. The choice of treatment depends on the severity and frequency of infections:

Over-the-Counter Treatments:

• Antifungal creams
• Suppositories
• Tablets

Prescription Medications:

• Oral antifungal drugs (e.g., fluconazole)
• Stronger topical antifungal formulations

For recurrent infections, your doctor may recommend a longer treatment course and a maintenance plan to prevent future occurrences.

Are natural remedies effective for treating yeast infections? While some women report success with natural treatments like yogurt or tea tree oil, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before trying alternative remedies, as their efficacy and safety are not well-established.

The Impact of Yeast Infections on Women’s Health and Well-being

Yeast infections, while generally not serious, can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. The discomfort and symptoms associated with these infections can cause physical and emotional distress, affecting daily activities and intimate relationships.

Chronic or recurrent yeast infections may indicate underlying health issues and should be thoroughly evaluated by a healthcare provider. Additionally, the psychological impact of frequent infections can lead to anxiety and stress, further emphasizing the importance of effective management and prevention strategies.

How do yeast infections affect pregnancy? Pregnant women are more susceptible to yeast infections due to hormonal changes. While generally not harmful to the fetus, these infections can cause discomfort for the mother and should be treated under medical supervision to ensure safety for both mother and baby.

Debunking Common Myths About Vaginal Yeast Infections

Misconceptions about yeast infections are prevalent and can lead to improper self-diagnosis or treatment. Let’s address some common myths:

Myth 1: Yeast infections are always caused by poor hygiene

Fact: While good hygiene is important, excessive cleaning or use of scented products can actually increase the risk of yeast infections by disrupting the natural vaginal balance.

Myth 2: Sexual partners always need treatment

Fact: Yeast infections are not typically considered sexually transmitted. Treatment of sexual partners is generally only necessary if they are experiencing symptoms.

Myth 3: Eating yogurt cures yeast infections

Fact: While probiotics in yogurt may support vaginal health, they are not a substitute for proper medical treatment of an active infection.

Is it possible to have a yeast infection without any symptoms? Yes, it is possible to have an asymptomatic yeast infection. However, the absence of symptoms doesn’t necessarily mean treatment is required. Always consult with a healthcare provider for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Yeast Infection Management

The field of vaginal health is continually evolving, with ongoing research into new treatment options and preventive strategies for yeast infections. Some areas of current interest include:

• Development of more targeted antifungal medications
• Exploration of probiotic therapies to maintain vaginal health
• Investigation of the role of the vaginal microbiome in infection susceptibility
• Research into potential vaccines against Candida species

These advancements hold promise for more effective management and prevention of yeast infections in the future, potentially reducing their prevalence and impact on women’s health.

How might future treatments differ from current options? Future therapies may focus on restoring and maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiome rather than simply eliminating the overgrowth of yeast. This approach could lead to more sustainable long-term management of recurrent infections.

In conclusion, while vaginal yeast infections are common and often easily treated, they can significantly impact a woman’s quality of life. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and prevention strategies is crucial for maintaining vaginal health. By staying informed and seeking appropriate medical care when necessary, women can effectively manage and prevent these uncomfortable infections, promoting overall well-being and reproductive health.

Yeast infection (vaginal) – Symptoms and causes

Overview

A vaginal yeast infection is a fungal infection that causes irritation, discharge and intense itchiness of the vagina and the vulva — the tissues at the vaginal opening.

Also called vaginal candidiasis, vaginal yeast infection affects up to 3 out of 4 women at some point in their lifetimes. Many women experience at least two episodes.

A vaginal yeast infection isn’t considered a sexually transmitted infection. But, there’s an increased risk of vaginal yeast infection at the time of first regular sexual activity. There’s also some evidence that infections may be linked to mouth to genital contact (oral-genital sex).

Medications can effectively treat vaginal yeast infections. If you have recurrent yeast infections — four or more within a year — you may need a longer treatment course and a maintenance plan.

Symptoms

Yeast infection symptoms can range from mild to moderate, and include:

• Itching and irritation in the vagina and vulva
• A burning sensation, especially during intercourse or while urinating
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Vaginal pain and soreness
• Vaginal rash
• Thick, white, odor-free vaginal discharge with a cottage cheese appearance
• Watery vaginal discharge

Complicated yeast infection

You might have a complicated yeast infection if:

• You have severe signs and symptoms, such as extensive redness, swelling and itching that leads to tears, cracks or sores
• You have four or more yeast infections in a year
• Your infection is caused by a less typical type of fungus
• You’re pregnant
• You have uncontrolled diabetes
• Your immune system is weakened because of certain medications or conditions such as HIV infection

When to see a doctor

Make an appointment with your doctor if:

• This is the first time you’ve had yeast infection symptoms
• You’re not sure whether you have a yeast infection
• Your symptoms aren’t relieved after treating with over-the-counter antifungal vaginal creams or suppositories
• You develop other symptoms

Causes

The fungus candida albicans is responsible for most vaginal yeast infections.

Your vagina naturally contains a balanced mix of yeast, including candida, and bacteria. Certain bacteria (lactobacillus) act to prevent an overgrowth of yeast.

But that balance can be disrupted. An overgrowth of candida or penetration of the fungus into deeper vaginal cell layers causes the signs and symptoms of a yeast infection.

Overgrowth of yeast can result from:

• Antibiotic use, which causes an imbalance in natural vaginal flora
• Pregnancy
• Uncontrolled diabetes
• An impaired immune system
• Taking oral contraceptives or hormone therapy that increase estrogen levels

Candida albicans is the most common type of fungus to cause yeast infections. Yeast infections caused by other types of candida fungus can be more difficult to treat, and generally need more-aggressive therapies.

Risk factors

Factors that increase your risk of developing a yeast infection include:

• Antibiotic use. Yeast infections are common in women who take antibiotics. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, which kill a range of bacteria, also kill healthy bacteria in your vagina, leading to overgrowth of yeast.
• Increased estrogen levels. Yeast infections are more common in women with higher estrogen levels — such as pregnant women or women taking high-dose estrogen birth control pills or estrogen hormone therapy.
• Uncontrolled diabetes. Women with poorly controlled blood sugar are at greater risk of yeast infections than women with well-controlled blood sugar.
• Impaired immune system. Women with lowered immunity — such as from corticosteroid therapy or HIV infection — are more likely to get yeast infections.

Prevention

To reduce your risk of vaginal yeast infections, wear underwear that has a cotton crotch and doesn’t fit too tightly.

It might also help to avoid:

• Tight-fitting pantyhose
• Douching, which removes some of the normal bacteria in the vagina that protect you from infection
• Scented feminine products, including bubble bath, pads and tampons
• Hot tubs and very hot baths
• Unnecessary antibiotic use, such as for colds or other viral infections
• Staying in wet clothes, such as swimsuits and workout attire, for long periods of time

March 17, 2021

Show references

1. AskMayoExpert. Vulvovaginitis. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2018.
2. Ferri FF. Vaginitis, fungal. In: Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2019. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018.
3. Lobo RA, et al. Genital tract infections: Vulva, vagina, cervix, toxic shock syndrome, endometritis, and salpingitis. In: Comprehensive Gynecology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018.
4. Cohen J, et al., eds. Vaginitis, vulvitis, cervicitis, and cutaneous vulval lesions. In: Infectious Diseases. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2017. https://clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018.
5. Butler Tobah YS (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Sept. 5, 2018.
6. Blostein F, et al. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Annals of Epidemiology. 2017;27:575.
7. Bope ET, et al. Vulvovaginitis. In: Conn’s Current Therapy 2018. Philadelphia, Pa.: Elsevier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018.
8. Vaginal yeast infections. Office on Women’s Health. https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/vaginal-yeast-infections. Accessed Aug. 26, 2018.

Yeast infection (vaginal)

Symptoms & Complications of Yeast Infections: What They Feel Like

It can feel like itching or maybe even burning. Or you may have swelling so extreme, it leads to sores. Whether your symptoms are mild or severe, a yeast infection can be uncomfortable.

Also known as vaginal candidiasis, yeast infections are caused by a fungus. It generally causes your vagina and vulva (the tissues at the opening of the vagina) to itch. You may also have a discharge.

Yeast infections are common. Three of every four women get one in their lifetime. And many women have more than one.

Knowing how to spot the signs and symptoms of a yeast infection can help you get the most effective treatment.

Common Symptoms in Women

If you have a vaginal yeast infection, you’ll most likely have extreme itching in and around your vagina; this is the most common symptom. Aside from itching, you might also have:

• A burning feeling, especially when you urinate or during sex
• Swelling and redness around your vulva
• Pain and soreness in your vagina
• A vaginal rash

You might also have a vaginal discharge. It could be:

• Watery
• Thick, white, and odorless, resembling cottage cheese

Common Symptoms in Men

Men can get yeast infections too. They can happen when there’s an overgrowth of fungus (candida) on the skin. This can happen if a man has sex with a female partner who has a vaginal yeast infection. It’s more common in men who aren’t circumcised. The symptoms include:

• Itching, burning, or redness on the penis
• A thick, white substance in the skin folds of the penis, and moistness
• Shiny, white areas on the penis

Signs of a Complicated Infection

Sometimes the symptoms of a yeast infection can be more serious and require extra care. You might need a longer course of treatment or a plan to keep the infection from coming back.

You can get a more complicated infection if:

Your infection might also be more complicated if it’s caused by a different type of fungus than what commonly causes yeast infections.

Signs of a complicated infection include:

• Symptoms (such as redness, swelling, and itching) so severe that it causes tears or sores
• A recurrence of yeast infection four or more times in a year

When to See a Doctor

Call your doctor if you have any signs of a complicated infection.

You should also make an appointment with your doctor if:

• You’ve never had a yeast infection before.
• Signs or symptoms of a yeast infection didn’t get better with after treatment with an over-the-counter cream or suppository.
• You have new or unusual pain or discharge in your genital area.
• You get other symptoms.
• You have pain during sex.

If you think you have a yeast infection but aren’t sure, it’s important to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis. A doctor can also let you know if something else may be causing your problems.

Treatment can help relieve symptoms and prevent you from spreading any potential infections during sex.

Treatment, Causes, Prevention & Symptoms

Overview

What is a vaginal yeast infection?

Throughout your life, you may experience a vaginal yeast infection several times. Though uncomfortable, these infections are common. A vaginal yeast infection is a condition characterized by burning, itching, redness, and a white discharge from the vagina and vulva. These infections are caused by something that’s already in your body—a fungal body (yeast) called candida. Yeast is a type of fungus and candida is a specific type of yeast. When this yeast is balanced with the ecosystem of your body, there are no problems. But when that balance is disrupted, the yeast rapidly grows and you can get a yeast infection.

Vaginal yeast infections are also called vulvovaginal candidiasis or vaginal candidiasis. A vaginal yeast infection is actually a type of vaginitis, a condition where the vagina is swollen, painful and creates a discharge. There are several types of vaginitis—each with similar symptoms—but vaginal yeast infections are one of the most common.

How common are vaginal yeast infections?

Vaginal yeast infections are very common and happen to over 1 million women in the United States every year. These infections are the second most common cause of vaginitis.

What is candida?

It may be strange to think about, but fungus normally lives in several places within your body. One type of fungus—more specifically, yeast (a type of fungus)—that you have living in your mouth, digestive tract and vagina is candida. Normally, candida doesn’t cause a problem. It is supposed to be in your body. However, there is a careful balancing act constantly happening within your body and when it tilts one way or another, you may become sick.

There are several conditions you can develop when candida goes out of balance. If you develop a lot of the fungus in your mouth, it’s called thrush. If it develops in your vagina, it’s a vaginal yeast infection.

Symptoms and Causes

Why do vaginal yeast infections happen?

The loss of chemical balance in your vagina can cause candida to multiply. This can happen for a lot of reasons, including:

• When you take an antibiotic medication that’s treating an infection of any type—a urinary tract infection (UTI) is one example. While treating this infection, good bacteria in the vagina is killed. This good bacteria was responsible for keeping the yeast in check. Without it, the balance is thrown off, leading to a yeast infection.
• During pregnancy and while using hormonal contraceptives (birth control). Your hormones can be all over the charts during pregnancy. This change in your hormones can disrupt the balance of candida in the vagina.
• If you have diabetes. When you have diabetes, there is too much sugar in your urine and the vagina is impacted by this surplus of sugar.
• Having a weakened immune system. If you have a disease, like HIV or AIDS, your medications can suppress your immune system.

What are the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection?

There are several tell-tale signs of a vaginal yeast infection. These symptoms can include:

• An itchy sensation in the vagina and vulva.
• A thick, white vaginal discharge with the consistency of cottage cheese.
• Redness and swelling of the vagina and vulva.
• Small cuts or tiny cracks in the skin of the vulva because of friable skin in the area.
• A burning feeling when you urinate.

In some cases, another symptom of a vaginal yeast infection can be pain during sex.

Diagnosis and Tests

How is a vaginal yeast infection diagnosed?

A vaginal yeast infection is diagnosed by your healthcare provider. You will need to go in for an appointment and discuss your symptoms. Your healthcare provider may need to take a sample of discharge from your vagina to confirm the yeast infection. The combination of your symptoms and the sample of discharge will tell your healthcare provider what type of yeast infection you have and help determine the best way to treat the infection.

Management and Treatment

How do I treat a vaginal yeast infection?

When thinking about treatment for a vaginal yeast infection, it is important to know that there are many different types of yeast. Your healthcare provider may discuss different types of treatment depending on the type of yeast infection.

Your doctor will typically treat a vaginal yeast infection with an antifungal medication. This type of medication is specifically used to combat overgrowths of yeast in the body.

There are two forms of medication: oral or topical. Oral medications are taken by the mouth, while topical medications are applied to the affected area. Topical medications may include boric acid, nystatin, miconazole or clotrimazole. Your healthcare provider will give you information about each form of medication and directions on how to properly use each one. It is important to always follow your provider’s instructions when using these medications to make sure that the infection is fully resolved and doesn’t return.

Can I use over-the-counter treatment for a vaginal yeast infection?

Sometimes you can treat a vaginal yeast infection with over-the-counter medicines. However, you may want to avoid this if you aren’t completely sure that it’s actually a yeast infection. It is usually best to talk to your healthcare provider and make sure you are getting the right treatment for the condition.

Prevention

How can I prevent vaginal yeast infections?

You often can prevent vaginal yeast infections by making a few lifestyle changes. These changes can include:

• Not douching—douching can kill bacteria that actually controls fungus.
• Avoiding the use of feminine deodorants.
• Not using deodorant (scented) tampons or pads.
• Changing out of wet clothing, especially bathing suits, as soon as you can.
• Using water-based sexual lubricants.

If you have diabetes, it is important to keep your blood sugar level as close to normal as possible. Controlling your diabetes can help prevent vaginal yeast infections.

The symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection are similar to other conditions. If you have any questions, a physical exam by your healthcare provider will help.

Living With

What should I do if I have frequent yeast infections?

If you frequently have yeast infections, you should have a discussion with your healthcare provider. Your provider may:

• Test to confirm that you really have a vaginal yeast infection.
• Get a blood sugar test for diabetes.
• Test for HIV/AIDS.
• Discuss any possible hormonal changes (birth control or pregnancy).

Your healthcare provider will use your test results to make sure you are receiving the right treatment. It can be important to treat the underlying cause while treating your yeast infection. Controlling the reason for the infection can help prevent future vaginal yeast infections.

Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) | Loma Linda University Health

Yeast Infection

What is a yeast infection?

Yeast is a fungus normally found on your skin. It’s also found in
your digestive system. If you’re a woman, you also have yeast in your vaginal area.
When
too much yeast grows on your skin or other areas, it can cause an infection. A common
yeast infection is candidiasis.

What causes a yeast infection?

A yeast infection can happen if your skin gets damaged. Yeast can
also overgrow in warm or humid conditions. An infection can also happen if you have
a
weak immune system. Taking antibiotics can also cause an overgrowth of yeast. That’s
because antibiotics kill the healthy bacteria in your body that normally keep the
yeast
in balance.

Who is at risk for a yeast infection?

Anyone can get a yeast infection. Those at higher risk for it include:

• Babies or incontinent adults wearing
  diapers
• People with large skin folds
• People who wear dentures
• People taking antibiotics
• People getting cancer treatment
• People with other health conditions,
  such as HIV or diabetes

What are the symptoms of a yeast infection?

The symptoms of a yeast infection
depend on where it is in the body. The chart below shows the most common symptoms
of a
yeast infection. But yours may be slightly different.

The symptoms of a yeast infection may look like other skin conditions. Always see
your healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is a yeast infection diagnosed?

Your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms and health
history. Your provider will also give you a physical exam. They may scrape off a bit
of
skin or remove part of a nail and check it to confirm the diagnosis.

How is a yeast infection treated?

Treatment will depend on your symptoms, age, and general health. It
will also depend on how severe the condition is.

Yeast infections can sometimes be
treated with anti-yeast (antifungal) creams. Here are some treatments you may be
prescribed, depending on where the infection is:

• Yeast
  infection of the vagina or penis.
  These can be treated with creams or
  medicated suppositories. Sometimes anti-yeast medicine taken by mouth (orally) is
  used.
• Yeast
  infection in the mouth (thrush).
  This may be treated with a medicated
  mouthwash or with lozenges that dissolve in the mouth.
• Severe
  infection or a weak immune system.
  You may need to take an oral anti-yeast
  medicine.
• Yeast
  infection in the food pipe (esophagus).
  These are often treated with
  anti-yeast medicines taken by mouth or given by IV.
• Yeast
  infection of the nails.
  These are treated with an oral anti-yeast
  medicine.
• Yeast
  infection in the skin folds.
  These can be treated with anti-yeast powders,
  lotions, or creams.

Can a yeast infection be prevented?

You can prevent some yeast infections by doing these things:

• Keep your mouth clean and healthy to
  help prevent a yeast infection in your mouth (called thrush). This includes brushing
  and flossing your teeth every day and using mouthwash as needed.
• Change diapers on children or the incontinent when they become
  wet or soiled. Also remove wet bathing suits after swimming.
• Wear cotton underwear to help prevent
  a vaginal or genital yeast infection. If you are a woman and get vaginal yeast
  infections often, you may want to take probiotics.
• Keep areas where skin rubs up against
  skin dry and try to reduce friction.

When should I call my healthcare provider?

See your healthcare provider if you get symptoms of an infection.
These include warm, reddened skin or drainage. A secondary bacterial infection can
happen. So watch for spreading redness, swelling, or pain.

Key points about a yeast infection

• A yeast infection is caused by yeast
  on the skin or mucous membranes.
• The symptoms depend on where it
  happens on your body. Common symptoms are a rash, white discharge, or itching.
• People at higher risk include babies, incontinent adults wearing
  diapers, people who wear dentures, and those who are taking antibiotics or getting
  cancer treatment.
• Yeast infections are treated with
  medicated creams or other anti-yeast (antifungal) preparations.
• Some yeast infections can be prevented. Wearing cotton underwear
  can help prevent a vaginal or genital yeast infection.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:

• Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
• Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
• Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your provider tells
  you.
• At the visit, write down the name of a
  new diagnosis and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new
  instructions your provider gives you.
• Know why a new medicine or treatment
  is prescribed and how it will help you. Also know what the side effects are.
• Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways.
• Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
• Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
• If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that
  visit.
• Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions.

Vaginal Yeast Infections | Michigan Medicine

Topic Overview

What is a vaginal yeast infection?

Yeast is a fungus that normally lives in the vagina in small numbers. A vaginal yeast infection means that too many yeast cells are growing in the vagina. These infections are very common. Although they can bother you a lot, they are not usually serious. And treatment is simple.

What causes a vaginal yeast infection?

Most yeast infections are caused by a type of yeast called Candida albicans.

A healthy vagina has many bacteria and a small number of yeast cells. The most common bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus, help keep other organisms—like the yeast—under control.

When something happens to change the balance of these organisms, yeast can grow too much and cause symptoms. Taking antibiotics sometimes causes this imbalance. The high estrogen levels caused by pregnancy or hormone therapy can also cause it. So can certain health problems, like diabetes or HIV infection.

What are the symptoms?

A yeast infection causes itching or soreness in the vagina and sometimes causes pain or burning when you urinate or have sex. Some women also have a thick, clumpy, white discharge that has no odor and looks a little like cottage cheese.

These symptoms are more likely to occur during the week before your menstrual period.

How is a vaginal yeast infection diagnosed?

It’s easy to guess wrong about a vaginal infection. See your doctor if you aren’t sure what you have or if this is the first time you have had these symptoms. Also see your doctor if you are pregnant. Your doctor may want to do a vaginal exam.

How is it treated?

If you have had a yeast infection before and can recognize the symptoms, and you aren’t pregnant, you can treat yourself at home with medicines you can buy without a prescription. You can use an antifungal cream or a suppository that you put into your vagina. Or your doctor may prescribe a medicine to treat the infection.

If your symptoms are mild, you may want to wait to see if they clear up on their own.

Yeast infections are common during pregnancy. If you are pregnant, don’t use medicine for a yeast infection without talking to your doctor first.

If you use a cream or suppository to treat the infection, don’t depend on a condom or diaphragm for birth control. The oil in some medicines weakens latex, the material often used to make these devices.

Many women have infections that come back. If you have more than four yeast infections in a year, see your doctor. He or she may do some tests to see if your yeast infections are being caused by another health problem, such as diabetes.

Can vaginal yeast infections be prevented?

If you practice good genital hygiene, you can help prevent infection.

• Keep your vaginal area clean. Use mild, unscented soap and water. Rinse well.
• After using the toilet, wipe from front to back to avoid spreading yeast or bacteria from your anus to the vagina or urinary tract.
• Wear underwear that helps keep your genital area dry and doesn’t hold in warmth and moisture. One good choice is cotton underwear.
• Avoid tight-fitting clothing, such as panty hose, and tight-fitting jeans. These may increase body heat and moisture in your genital area.
• Change out of a wet swimsuit right away. Wearing a wet swimsuit for many hours may keep your genital area warm and moist.
• Change pads or tampons often.
• Don’t douche or use deodorant tampons or feminine sprays, powders, or perfumes. These items can change the normal balance of organisms in your vagina.

Cause

A vaginal yeast infection is caused by an overgrowth of yeast organisms that normally live in small numbers in the vagina. Things that may encourage an excess growth of vaginal yeast include:

• Using antibiotics.
• Having high estrogen levels (hyperestrogenemia), such as during pregnancy, hormone therapy (HT or ET) use, high-dose birth control pill use, and the menstrual cycle.
• Having diabetes, especially if your blood sugars are not well controlled and tend to be high.
• Having an impaired immune system.
• Using corticosteroids, such as prednisone.
• Being overweight.

Most yeast infections involve Candida albicans ( C. albicans), a yeast that can be treated effectively with standard yeast infection medicine. Recurrent vaginal yeast infections tend to involve non– C. albicans types of yeast, which are more resistant to the standard treatments for C. albicans yeast infections.

Symptoms

The symptoms of vaginal yeast infection include:

• Vaginal itching that is often severe.
• Vaginal discharge that is usually white, thick, clumpy, and odorless.
• Red, irritated skin around the opening to the vagina (labia).
• Pain while urinating when urine touches irritated skin.
• Pain in the vagina during sexual intercourse.

Symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection are more likely to occur during the week before a menstrual period.

There are other conditions with similar symptoms, such as bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Itching and redness of the vulva can also be caused by a reaction to vaginal products such as soap, bath oils, spermicidal jelly, or douches. If you are unfamiliar with your symptoms, see your doctor for an accurate diagnosis.

What Happens

Vaginal yeast infections often clear up on their own without treatment, usually when menstruation begins. Menstrual blood raises the vaginal pH, causing the number of yeast cells to decrease because they can’t grow in the pH present during menstruation.

There are significant differences between occasional, easily treatable yeast infections and recurrent infections that seriously affect a woman’s life. Recurring vaginal yeast infections can be difficult to prevent or cure. Women who have recurring yeast infections should be evaluated for other causes (such as diabetes, hormone therapy, or treatment-resistant strains of yeast) so that the cause can be treated or reversed.

What Increases Your Risk

Your risk of getting a vaginal yeast infection can be increased by a number of medical and lifestyle factors.

Some of the common things that put you at risk for vaginal yeast infection include:

• Use of antibiotics. These medicines upset the normal balance between yeast and bacteria in the vagina. Antibiotics can kill too much “good” bacteria and result in too much yeast growing in the vagina, sometimes causing symptoms of a yeast infection.
• Problems with your immune system that affect the normal balance of yeast and bacteria in the body. Having a condition such as poorly controlled diabetes or HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) can lead to too much yeast growing in the vagina. Taking corticosteroid medicines sometimes also weakens the immune system and increases the risk for yeast infections. Pregnant women are also at higher risk for getting yeast infections because of shifting hormones that can weaken the immune system.
• Wearing tight-fitting, nonabsorbent pants or undergarments that hold in warmth and moisture.
• Using feminine hygiene sprays, talcs, or perfumes in the vaginal area.
• Douching.

Vaginal yeast infections are not sexually transmitted. After having unprotected sex with a partner who has a yeast infection, you may have more than the normal amount of yeast in your vagina. But if after having sex you develop a yeast infection that causes symptoms, it is most likely because other things are also involved.

When should you call your doctor?

Use the following guidelines for seeking medical care when you have vaginal symptoms.

Call your doctor immediately if you:

Call your doctor for an appointment within 1 week if you:

• Have an unusual vaginal discharge, and this is the first time you have had an infection that might be a vaginal yeast infection.
• Have unusual vaginal itching.
• Have pain during sex or urination.
• Have any other symptoms that may point to a vaginal infection.
• Continue to have symptoms despite home treatment with a nonprescription medicine.
• Have symptoms return within 2 months, and you have not been taking antibiotics.

Watchful waiting

If you are sure your symptoms are caused by a vaginal yeast infection, waiting several days to see if the symptoms clear up on their own is not harmful, especially if you expect your menstrual period within that time. Sometimes a menstrual period will relieve the symptoms of a mild yeast infection. If your symptoms continue, you can use nonprescription medicine. If symptoms continue after treatment, see your doctor.

Who to see

Health professionals who can diagnose and treat a vaginal yeast infection include:

Exams and Tests

Your doctor may be able to diagnose your vaginal symptoms based on your medical history and a vaginal exam.

If your vaginal symptoms are not typical of a vaginal yeast infection, your doctor can look for signs of yeast or other organisms using a wet mount test of vaginal discharge.

You may have other tests if you have vaginal yeast infections that are severe or that keep coming back (recur), such as:

• A vaginal culture. This test can confirm that you have a yeast infection. A sample of vaginal discharge can be taken during a wet mount test. If more than the normal amount of yeast grows in the sample over a short period of time (a few days), then your symptoms are likely caused by a yeast infection.
• A blood test to find out if you may have diabetes or another health problem that makes you more likely to get yeast infections.

Although a yeast infection can be detected during a routine Pap test, this type of test is not typically done to diagnose vaginal infections.

Treatment Overview

You have a number of treatment options for a vaginal yeast infection, including nonprescription vaginal medicine, prescription oral or vaginal medicine, or nonprescription vaginal boric acid capsules.

Only use nonprescription vaginal yeast infection treatment without a doctor’s diagnosis and advice if you:

• Are not pregnant.
• Are sure your symptoms are caused by a vaginal yeast infection. If you have never been diagnosed with a vaginal yeast infection, see your doctor.
• Have not been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection (STI), which would require a medical exam.
• Are not having multiple, recurrent infections.

The risk of self-treatment is that your symptoms may be caused by another vaginal infection, such as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), that requires different treatment. If you may have been exposed to an STI, it is best to discuss your symptoms with your doctor before using a nonprescription medicine. Your doctor may recommend testing for STI if you have risk factors for these infections.

Yeast infection during pregnancy

Vaginal yeast infections are common during pregnancy, likely caused by elevated estrogen levels. If you are pregnant, don’t assume you have a yeast infection until it is diagnosed, and don’t use nonprescription medicines without discussing your symptoms with your doctor.

Vaginal medicine is the recommended treatment for vaginal yeast infections during pregnancy.^{footnote 1}

Recurrent yeast infection

For a vaginal yeast infection that recurs within 2 months of treatment, or four times in 1 year (recurrent vaginal yeast infection), see your doctor. Further testing or a different treatment may be needed. If you have been using a nonprescription medicine for your vaginal symptoms, be sure to tell your doctor. This information could affect what treatment is recommended.

Recurrent vaginal yeast infection can be treated with prescription oral medicine, nonprescription vaginal medicine, or vaginal boric acid capsules, followed by less frequent medicine over 6 months to 1 year to prevent reinfection.^{footnote 1}

A vaginal yeast infection is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI). After having unprotected sex with a partner who has a yeast infection, you may have more than the normal amount of yeast in your vagina. But if after having sex you develop a yeast infection that causes symptoms, it is most likely because other factors are also involved.

What to think about

It is important to complete the entire recommended treatment to cure a yeast infection.

Vaginal infections caused by types of yeast other than Candida albicans may be more difficult to cure with standard antifungal medicine. For treatment-resistant infections, a culture of vaginal discharge is done to identify the type of yeast causing the infection.

Boric acid is usually effective for treating Candida albicans ( C. albicans) infection, and non– C. albicans yeast infections that don’t respond to antifungal medicine.^{footnote 2}

Prevention

The following actions can help prevent a vaginal yeast infection.

• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and nonfat dairy products. Some women think that eating foods with lactobacillus organisms, such as yogurt or acidophilus milk, will help prevent yeast infections. So far there is no evidence for this connection. But eating foods that contain lactobacillus can be part of a healthy diet.
• Control diabetes. Good control of blood sugar levels decreases the risk of yeast infections anywhere on your body.
• Avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics. Antibiotics can change the normal balance of vaginal organisms, allowing excess growth of yeast.

If you practice good genital hygiene, you can also help prevent infection.

• Keep your vaginal area clean. Use mild, unscented soap and water. Rinse well.
• After using the toilet, wipe from front to back to avoid spreading yeast or bacteria from your anus to the vagina or urinary tract.
• Wear underwear that helps keep your genital area dry and doesn’t hold in warmth and moisture. One good choice is cotton underwear. Try sleeping without underwear.
• Avoid tight-fitting clothing, such as panty hose, and tight-fitting jeans. These may increase body heat and moisture in your genital area.
• Change out of a wet swimsuit right away. Wearing a wet swimsuit for many hours may keep your genital area warm and moist.
• Change pads or tampons often.
• Don’t douche or use deodorant tampons or feminine sprays, powders, or perfumes. These items can change the normal balance of organisms in your vagina.

Home Treatment

Do not self-treat a vaginal yeast infection if you:

• Are pregnant.
• Are not sure your symptoms are caused by a vaginal yeast infection. If you have never been diagnosed with a vaginal yeast infection, see your doctor before treating it with a nonprescription antifungal cream. Sometimes women think they have a vaginal yeast infection when symptoms are caused by a different condition, such as bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
• Have been exposed to a sexually transmitted infection (STI), which would require a medical exam.
• Are having a recurrent infection.

Using nonprescription medicine

When using a nonprescription vaginal medicine for a vaginal yeast infection, follow the directions on the package insert, as well as these guidelines:

• Use pads instead of tampons while you are using nonprescription vaginal medicines. Tampons can absorb the medicine.
• Avoid using soap when cleaning the vaginal area—rinse with water only.
• If sexual intercourse is painful, avoid it. Otherwise, use a water-soluble lubricating jelly (such as K-Y Jelly) to reduce irritation. The oil in antifungal creams or suppositories can weaken latex. This means condoms and diaphragms may break, and you may not be protected from STI or pregnancy.
• If the genital area is swollen or painful, sitting in warm water (in a bathtub or sitz bath, not a hot tub) may help. Or instead, you may try putting a cool, damp cloth on the area. Do not rub to try to relieve itching.

Report your symptoms to your doctor if:

• You are not sure that you have a yeast infection.
• Your self-treatment is not working after one complete course of therapy.

Things to consider

The risk of self-treatment is that your symptoms may be caused by a type of vaginal infection other than a yeast infection, such as bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection (STI). If you have pelvic pain or fever, get an evaluation by a doctor.

If you are pregnant, it is important to be evaluated for vaginal symptoms. Some vaginal infections, such as bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia, may increase your risk of complications during pregnancy.

If you have risk factors for an STI, discuss your symptoms with your doctor before using a nonprescription medicine. Risk factors for an STI include having sex without a condom or having more than one sex partner.

Talk to your doctor before you try unproven home treatment methods, such as applying tea tree oil in the vagina or taking garlic supplements. These treatments have not been well studied. They may even cause other problems, such as allergic reactions, in some women.^{footnote 3} Douching is not recommended, because it can make some infections worse.

Medications

Antifungal medicines are the standard treatment for a vaginal yeast infection. You can insert a cream or suppository antifungal cream into your vagina or take a pill by mouth. Vaginal boric acid capsules are sometimes used.

Antifungal medicines that you take as a pill by mouth affect the entire body (so it can also treat any yeast infection elsewhere in the body). Vaginal medicine only affects the area in which it is applied.

If you are thinking about using nonprescription treatment, see:

Medicine choices

• Vaginal antifungal medicines, such as miconazole (Monistat) and tioconazole (Vagistat), are available in 1-day, 3-day, and longer courses, depending on the strength of the medicine. These are available over-the-counter or with a prescription.
• Oral antifungal medicines are available with a prescription and are easy to use.
• Vaginal boric acid capsules are available over-the-counter. But they are not safe to use if you are pregnant.

What to think about

Antifungal creams and suppositories that you put into your vagina have fewer side effects than antifungal pills you take by mouth. This is because vaginal medicine isn’t absorbed into your body and only affects the genital area. Antifungal pills that are taken by mouth affect your entire body. Side effects from these pills are rare with one treatment dose. Side effects can include nausea, headaches, and belly pain. But taking a pill is convenient and is not messy. Medicine put into the vagina can be uncomfortable. And it may seem like more of a hassle than taking a pill.

The oil in antifungal creams or suppositories can weaken latex. This means condoms and diaphragms may break, and you may not be protected from STI or pregnancy.

If you are taking the anticoagulant medicine warfarin and you use a nonprescription vaginal yeast-fighting medicine, you may have increased bruising and abnormal bleeding. Talk with your doctor before using an antifungal medicine along with warfarin.

You are more likely to use a treatment correctly and complete the treatment if you get to choose the type you prefer. Talk with your doctor about the advantages and disadvantages of vaginal and oral medicines, including:

• How a medicine can be administered. Most of the vaginal treatments are available as creams, vaginal tablets, or suppositories.
• Whether oral or vaginal medicine is recommended. You may prefer to take pills rather than use medicine that is inserted into the vagina. Or the type of yeast infection you have may respond better to one method than to the other.
• Whether you should avoid sexual intercourse if you are using vaginal medicine. Some doctors advise that women avoid sex during treatment.
• Whether treatment should be continued during your menstrual period. Tampons can absorb medicine, so use pads if you are being treated with vaginal medicines during your period.

Check with your doctor or pharmacist to see whether you can get a generic form of a prescription medicine. Many generic medicines are now available to treat vaginal yeast infections. They are often less expensive than brand-name medicines.

Other Treatment

Some experts may recommend vaginal boric acid capsules as a treatment option for vaginal yeast infection, particularly infections that can’t be cured by prescription or nonprescription antifungal yeast infection medicines.^{footnote 4} Boric acid is a white, crystalline chemical substance that has antifungal and antiviral properties. It is used in various pharmaceutical products and is also available without a prescription.

If you are pregnant, do not use vaginal boric acid treatment.

References

Citations

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR, 64(RR-03): 1–137. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015. Accessed July 2, 2015. [Erratum in MMWR, 64(33): 924. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6433a9.htm?s_cid=mm6433a9_w. Accessed January 25, 2016.]
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Vulvovaginal candidiasis section of Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2010. MMWR, 59(RR-12): 61–63. Also available online: http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/default.htm.
3. Lopez JEM (2015). Candidiasis (vulvovaginal). BMJ Clinical Evidence. http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/x/systematic-review/0815/overview.html. Accessed April 15, 2016.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR, 64(RR-03): 1–137. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015. Accessed July 2, 2015. [Erratum in MMWR, 64(33): 924. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6433a9.htm?s_cid=mm6433a9_w. Accessed January 25, 2016.]

Other Works Consulted

• Pappas PG, et al. (2009). Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 48(5): 503–535.

Credits

Current as of:
July 17, 2020

Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review:
Kathleen Romito MD – Family Medicine
Martin J. Gabica MD – Family Medicine
Deborah A. Penava BA, MD, FRCSC, MPH – Obstetrics and Gynecology

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR, 64(RR-03): 1-137. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015. Accessed July 2, 2015. [Erratum in MMWR, 64(33): 924. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6433a9.htm?s_cid=mm6433a9_w. Accessed January 25, 2016.]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010). Vulvovaginal candidiasis section of Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2010. MMWR, 59(RR-12): 61-63. Also available online: http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/2010/default.htm.

Lopez JEM (2015). Candidiasis (vulvovaginal). BMJ Clinical Evidence. http://clinicalevidence.bmj.com/x/systematic-review/0815/overview.html. Accessed April 15, 2016.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR, 64(RR-03): 1-137. http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015. Accessed July 2, 2015. [Erratum in MMWR, 64(33): 924. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6433a9.htm?s_cid=mm6433a9_w. Accessed January 25, 2016.]

Is It a Vaginal Yeast Infection or Something Else?

Every year, millions of cases of vaginitis (vaginal inflammation) affect women of all ages, but they are especially susceptible during the reproductive years.1 Fluctuating hormonal levels, bacteria, and sexual activities are just a few of the most common reasons women experience vaginal infections and discomfort. Knowing your body well and understanding your symptoms, causes, risk factors and treatment options will help you decide upon a course of action that is right for you.

How to identify a vaginal yeast infection

Not all women will experience noticeable symptoms of a yeast infection. If the infection is mild, the symptoms may be subtle. Knowing what’s normal for you will help you identify changes in your vaginal health. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms for the first time, consult your healthcare professional for a diagnosis. Most women have one or more of these yeast infection symptoms:

• Burning, redness, and swelling of the vagina and vulva
• Pain when urinating or having sex
• Vulvar inflammation (redness, swelling, rash)
• Vaginal pain, soreness, or burning
• Vaginal discharge that may be thick, white, and lumpy like cottage cheese

The three most common forms of vaginitis are yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis (BV), and trichomoniasis. Symptoms for all three can include some form of vaginal discharge, itching, and irritation, so it is important to understand how they are different so you can get the right treatment. Use the following information as a guide to help identify a vaginal yeast infection:2-5

If you experience any of the following symptoms, ask a healthcare professional before using MONISTAT®, as they could be signs of another type of infection.

• Fever
• Chills
• Rash or hives
• Lower abdominal, back or shoulder pain
• Nausea or vomiting
• Foul-smelling or greenish/grayish vaginal discharge
• Missed periods
• Frequent urination, an urgent need to urinate or difficulty passing urine

Treating a Yeast Infection

If you know that it is a yeast infection from past experience and are familiar with the symptoms, you want an effective and convenient medicine – one that works at the site of the infection. Try MONISTAT®, the #1 OTC antifungal.

MONISTAT® comes in 3 doses: highest dose MONISTAT® 1, regular strength MONISTAT® 3, and low dose MONISTAT® 7. Regardless of which product you choose, you should begin to experience some symptom relief after 3 days, and complete relief in 7 days.

Highest Dose MONISTAT® 1 may be the perfect solution for busy women with active lifestyles. This powerful single-dose product is available in the Ovule® form for use day or night and will stay in place during daily activities, even during exercise.

Regular Strength MONISTAT® 3 is a great option for women who want a less concentrated treatment that provides consistent treatment and relief at moderate dosage levels.

Low Dose MONISTAT® 7 has smaller doses of the active ingredient evenly distributed throughout the week at bedtime. Only 7-day topical yeast infection treatments are recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the treatment of yeast infections in pregnant and diabetic women (consult your healthcare professional).

Vaginal yeast infection | UF Health, University of Florida Health

Definition

Vaginal yeast infection is an infection of the vagina. It is most commonly due to the fungus Candida albicans.

Alternative Names

Yeast infection – vagina; Vaginal candidiasis; Monilial vaginitis

Causes

Most women have a vaginal yeast infection at some time. Candida albicans is a common type of fungus. It is often found in small amounts in the vagina, mouth, digestive tract, and on the skin. Most of the time, it does not cause infection or symptoms.

Candida and the many other germs that normally live in the vagina keep each other in balance. Sometimes the number of candida increases. This leads to a yeast infection.

This can happen if:

• You are taking antibiotics used to treat another infection. Antibiotics change the normal balance between germs in the vagina.
• You are pregnant
• You are obese
• You have diabetes

A yeast infection is not spread through sexual contact. However, some men may develop symptoms after having sexual contact with an infected partner. These symptoms may include itching, rash or irritation of the penis.

Having many vaginal yeast infections may be a sign of other health problems. Other vaginal infections and discharges can be mistaken for a vaginal yeast infection.

Symptoms

Symptoms include:

• Abnormal vaginal discharge. Discharge can range from slightly watery, white discharge to thick, white, and chunky (like cottage cheese).
• Itching and burning of the vagina and labia
• Pain with intercourse
• Painful urination
• Redness and swelling of the skin just outside of the vagina (vulva)

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider will do a pelvic exam. It may show:

• Swelling and redness of the skin of the vulva, in the vagina, and on the cervix
• Dry, white spots on the vaginal wall
• Cracks in the skin of the vulva

A small amount of the vaginal discharge is examined using a microscope. This is called a wet mount and KOH test.

Sometimes, a culture is taken if:

• The infection does not get better with treatment
• The infection recurs

Your provider may order other tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms.

Treatment

Medicines to treat vaginal yeast infections are available as creams, ointments, vaginal tablets or suppositories and oral tablets. Most can be bought without needing to see your provider.

Treating yourself at home is probably OK if:

• Your symptoms are mild and you do not have pelvic pain or a fever
• This is not your first yeast infection and you have not had many yeast infections in the past
• You are not pregnant
• You are not worried about other sexually transmitted infections (STI) from recent sexual contact

Medicines you can buy yourself to treat a vaginal yeast infection are:

• Miconazole
• Clotrimazole
• Tioconazole
• Butoconazole

When using these medicines:

• Read the packages carefully and use them as directed.
• You will need to take the medicine for 1 to 7 days, depending on which medicine you buy. (If you do not get repeated infections, a 1-day medicine might work for you.)
• Do not stop using these medicines early because your symptoms are better.

You doctor can also prescribe a pill that you only take by mouth once.

If your symptoms are worse or you get vaginal yeast infections often, you may need:

• Medicine for up to 14 days
• Azole vaginal cream or fluconazole pill every week to prevent new infections

To help prevent and treat vaginal discharge:

• Keep your genital area clean and dry. Avoid soap and rinse with water only. Sitting in a warm, but not hot, bath may help your symptoms.
• Avoid douching. Although many women feel cleaner if they douche after their period or intercourse, it may worsen vaginal discharge. Douching removes healthy bacteria lining the vagina that protect against infection.
• Eat yogurt with live cultures or take Lactobacillus acidophilus tablets when you are on antibiotics. This may help to prevent a yeast infection.
• Use condoms to avoid catching or spreading other infections.
• Avoid using feminine hygiene sprays, fragrances, or powders in the genital area.
• Avoid wearing tight-fitting pants or shorts. These may cause irritation and sweating.
• Wear cotton underwear or cotton-crotch pantyhose. Avoid underwear made of silk or nylon. These can increase sweating in the genital area, which leads to growth of more yeast.
• Keep your blood sugar level under good control if you have diabetes.
• Avoid wearing wet bathing suits or exercise clothing for long periods of time. Wash sweaty or wet clothes after each use.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Most of the time, symptoms go away completely with proper treatment.

Possible Complications

A lot of scratching may cause the skin to crack, making you more likely to get a skin infection.

A woman may have diabetes or weak immune system (such as in HIV) if:

• The infection recurs right after treatment
• The yeast infection does not respond well to treatment

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your provider if:

• This is the first time that you have had symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection.
• You are not sure if you have a yeast infection.
• Your symptoms don’t go away after using over-the-counter medicines.
• Your symptoms get worse.
• You develop other symptoms.
• You may have been exposed to an STI.

Images

References

Gardella C, Eckert LO, Lentz GM. Genital tract infections: vulva, vagina, cervix, toxic shock syndrome, endometritis, and salpingitis. In: Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017:chap 23.

Habif TP. Superficial fungal infections. In: Habif TP, ed. Clinical Dermatology: A Color Guide to Diagnosis and Therapy. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 13.

Hoefgen HR, Merritt DF. Vulvovaginitis. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 549.

Kauffman CA. Candidiasis. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 338.

90,000 Treatment of itching in the vagina

Unpleasant sensations are caused in women by itching and burning in the vagina, and throughout her life she experiences them more than once. The nature of this ailment can be different: from a common cold to serious infectious diseases.

If you ignore the itching, pain, thinking that everything will go away by itself, then you can achieve the fact that extensive abscesses appear around the scratches and wounds, the tissues become inflamed, and you will have to go to the gynecologist with a much more serious problem.

In this situation, you should not rely on traditional methods, because self-medication can achieve the opposite effect. “CM-Clinic” uses modern methods of treatment, thanks to which many women completely get rid of itching in the vagina.

Itching in the female genital area

does not necessarily mean some kind of infectious disease of the genital organs, and can occur as a manifestation of serious disorders in the body.Only after passing a series of thorough examinations at the “CM-Clinic” in Moscow, you can establish an accurate diagnosis.

Thank you for your application.
Our operator will contact you from 8:00 to 22:00
Applications received after 22:00 will be processed the next day.

Such manifestations as cheesy discharge, or discharge of a yellowish-green color, having an unpleasant odor, constant pain in the lower abdomen, dryness of the mucous membrane should alert a woman, because the cause of these symptoms may be thrush, an allergic reaction to a particular product, a venereal disease or a banal cold.

Gynecological diseases resulting in itching

Pathogens can cause severe itching in the vaginal area. Moreover, in a minimal amount in the female microflora there are various bacteria, but with the development of the inflammatory process, there are a lot of them, and in this case, serious treatment cannot be dispensed with.

Vulvaginitis, colpitis

A characteristic feature: discharge with the smell of rotten fish.Most often, these diseases are caused by active reproduction of gardnerella, Escherichia coli or cocci. Itching occurs in the vagina, the treatment of which takes more than one day.

Candidiasis

Candida yeast in moderation does not cause inflammation, but their growth leads to such an unpleasant disease as candidiasis. In the people it has a different name – thrush. The disease is characterized by such signs as a constant burning sensation and severe itching, pain in the lower abdomen, and during water procedures, a woman observes a large amount of cheesy discharge.

Allergic reaction

Rarely, but it happens that a girl has an allergic reaction to a man’s sperm, if previously used barrier methods of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and the sperm did not enter the vagina. This phenomenon happens extremely rarely, but it still takes place. “CM-Clinic” successfully treats such ailment.

Infectious diseases

The disease caused by the infection passes the acute stage, and if no treatment methods were used, it becomes chronic, when redness and itching can disappear, causing the illusion of complete recovery.But, in fact, the infection moves deeper into the internal organs and “slumbers”, waiting for the next provoking factor in the form of a decrease in immunity or a serious illness.

A woman who has not taken any measures for her recovery continues to be a carrier of infection, infecting men through sexual intercourse.

Serious sexually transmitted diseases include:

• chlamydia;
• ureaplasmosis;
• trichomoniasis;
• genital warts;

90,051 warts in the genital area;

• genital herpes.

Urethritis, cervititis, enometritis – inflammatory processes of the genital organs resulting from infection.

In older women, itching in the vagina can occur as a result of urogenic fistulas, benign or malignant neoplasms, mucosal atrophy, etc.

Other reasons

Itching in the vagina can be caused by reasons other than infectious and gynecological diseases.It:

• general overwork of the body;
• severe intoxication;
• infestation with pubic lice and worms;
• diseases of the digestive tract;
• Wearing tight synthetic underwear;
• sharp temperature changes;
• depression and severe stress;

90,051 eating disorders;

• local allergies to shower gel, soap with a certain composition;
• Allergy to drugs.

In order for the vaginal area to stop itching, you need to try to avoid provoking factors. A few days later, if the discomfort does not disappear, it makes sense to consult a doctor. Frequent changes of sexual partners should be avoided – promiscuous relationships can cause many diseases.

Symptoms are often relieved by taking drugs that increase immunity, dosed physical activity, proper nutrition, and autogenous training.If you find out that you have severe inflammation, you should not resort to such a method as douching, because in this case the disease continues to “sleep” intact inside the body, and the vaginal microflora is disturbed.

The attending gynecologist “CM-Clinic” will prescribe antibiotics and the use of vaginal suppositories. Self-medication is fraught with sad consequences. Timely contact with our clinic guarantees you complete relief from itching and other diseases associated with the genital area.

Candidiasis – KVD No. 2

What is thrush (candidiasis)?

About 75% of women during childbearing age suffer from thrush or candidiasis, which is caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. This disease occurs in the form of candidal vaginitis or vulvovaginitis. These fungi normally inhabit the skin, mouth, intestines, and vagina. In 20% of healthy women of childbearing age, fungi of the genus Candida are found in the genital tract. The abnormally rapid growth of fungi replaces the “good” bacteria and causes clinically manifest vaginal inflammation.It occurs most often in young, sexually active women and is a commonly diagnosed condition.

Candidal vaginitis (CV), in general, is not included in the group of sexually transmitted infections, but it is possible to get this infection from partners who have fungi in the mouth or genital tract. Men with genital candidiasis usually do not have clinical manifestations.

Causes of disease and risk factors

Candidal vaginitis is an infection associated with risk factors that disrupt the normal flora of the vagina (“good” bacteria) resulting in rapid growth of fungal yeast.

Risk Factors:

• Violation of the normal microflora of the genital organs
• Long-term use of antibiotics
• Long-term use of local antiseptics
• Presence of urogenital genital infections
• Use of condoms containing spermicides (nonoxynol-9)
• Hormonal Disorders – Long-term use of hormonal drugs
• Use of hormonal contraception
• Pregnancy
• Increased blood sugar – Diabetes mellitus and prediabetes
• Sugar abuse
• Secondary immunodeficiency – HIV infection
• Long-term immunosuppressive therapy
• Chronic inflammatory diseases
• Malignant neoplasms
• Tuberculosis
• Radiation exposure

Manifestations of the disease

Acute candidal vaginitis is manifested by a pronounced picture, the duration of the disease in the acute form does not exceed 2 months.

Manifestations:

• Profuse or moderate curdled vaginal discharge;
• Hyperemia, edema, rash on the skin and mucous membranes of the vulva and vagina;
• Itching, burning, irritation in the external genital area;
• Increased itching during sleep or after water treatment and intercourse;
• Unpleasant odor that worsens after sexual intercourse.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of the disease is carried out on the basis of typical patient complaints, clinical examination and laboratory tests.

Laboratory diagnostics includes:

• microscopy (examination of a smear under a microscope), the smear must be fresh, no more than 2 hours from taking. With the correct taking and preparation of the smear, the sensitivity of the method reaches 40 – 60%;
• determination of the acidity of the vaginal contents;
• Bacteriological culture of vaginal contents is the most sensitive method for confirming the diagnosis. This is a very important test, since up to 40% of fungi are not sensitive to the antimycotics usually prescribed in antenatal clinics;
• PCR (polymerase chain reaction) – allows you to quickly identify the pathogen in a smear;
• Additional blood tests, expert advice are needed to determine the causes of candidiasis.

Disease treatment

General recommendations:

• observance of personal hygiene;
• Refusal from tight-fitting synthetic underwear, replacing it with cotton;
• During menstruation, sanitary napkins are preferred over tampons.

Treatment is carried out with special antifungal antibiotics – antimycotics – which can be applied topically or taken orally. A prerequisite is to determine the sensitivity of fungi of the genus Candida to antimycotics.Blind administration of fluconazole (Diflucan, Flucostat) is unacceptable.

It is very important to eliminate the predisposing conditions and risk factors for the development of candidiasis, to determine the presence of concomitant diseases.

Control of cure is carried out 7-10 days after completion of treatment.

Prevention

The best way to prevent sexually transmitted infections is long-term sex with one healthy sexual partner. It is important to discuss STI issues with your sexual partner before sex.Prevention of infections is possible if partners know about diseases and how they spread.

Latex male condoms, when used correctly, reduce the risk of infection transmission.

Any manifestations such as pain or discomfort when urinating, an unusual rash, or discharge may be a sign of an STI. This is a signal for the termination of sexual intercourse and immediate examination in a specialized clinic – KVD. If a patient is diagnosed with an STI, he must inform his sexual partners about this, so that they also undergo a full examination and appropriate treatment.This will reduce the risk of serious complications and prevent the possibility of re-infection.

Patients with STIs should refrain from unprotected sex during treatment, otherwise re-infection of the sexual partner is possible.

90,000 What can cause vaginal itching during your period?

Itching of the vagina may be due to normal hormonal changes caused by menstruation. It can also signal sensitivity or allergies to pads, tampons, or other hygiene products that a woman uses during critical days.

This article outlines some of the potential causes of vaginal itching during menstruation and other stages of the menstrual cycle. We’ll look at some of the home remedies and treatments for vaginal itching and when to see a doctor.

Causes of itching during critical days

Two common causes of vaginal itching on your period are hormonal changes and hypersensitivity or allergy to hygiene products.

Hormonal changes

There is a delicate balance in the vagina between various bacteria and yeasts. Hormonal changes can cause a shift in the ratio of these microorganisms. And this, in turn, can lead to vaginal itching.

Hormonal changes occur for a number of reasons, including:

• menstruation,
• pregnancy,

90,051 menopause.

Vagina and allergies

Vaginal itching can occur due to sensitivity or allergy to foods that come in contact with the skin around the vagina.

Certain hygiene products capable of causing vaginal itching:

• gaskets,
• tampons,
• soaps and deodorant sprays.

Other products that may cause itching:

• synthetic fiber underwear;
• laundry washed with harsh detergents or conditioners;
• latex condoms;

90,051 spermicides.

Itching of the vagina may be exacerbated by repeated repeated exposure to a sensitive or irritating product.

Other reasons

Vaginal itching at any stage of the menstrual cycle, including during menstruation, can be caused by various conditions.

Vaginal yeast infections

This is a type of fungal infection caused by the yeast Candida. It is also called a thrush. This yeast usually lives in the vagina and is harmless to humans.

However, some factors can cause overgrowth of yeast.These triggers include:

• pregnancy,
• uncontrolled diabetes,
• medicines.

A vaginal yeast infection of the vagina can cause the following symptoms:

• itching and irritation around the vagina;
• pain or tingling sensation when urinating or having intercourse;
• white curdled vaginal discharge.

Bacterial vaginosis

The most common vaginal infection in women aged 15 to 44 is bacterial vaginosis.

This is an infection that occurs when there is an imbalance between good and bad bacteria in the vagina. People with bacterial vaginosis may experience vaginal itching and gray or white discharge from the vagina. The discharge has a fishy smell.

Trichomoniasis

Sexually transmitted infection caused by vaginal Trichomonas. According to experts, trichomoniasis is diagnosed in approximately 15-20% of cases of vaginitis.

Vaginitis is the medical term for inflammation and irritation of the vagina.

About 70% of people with trichomoniasis do not experience any symptoms. However, if symptoms do occur, they may include:

• genital itching, burning, or soreness;
• redness or other discoloration of the skin around the genitals;
• discomfort when urinating;
• an increase in the volume of vaginal discharge;
• Vaginal discharge with a fishy odor.

Dermatitis

This medical term refers to a group of conditions that cause skin inflammation.

About half of all cases of pruritus in chronic vulvovaginitis are attributed to allergic or irritating contact dermatitis.

These types of dermatitis can occur due to poor hygiene or exposure to harsh chemicals and other irritants.

Psoriasis

An autoimmune disease characterized by overgrowth and multiplication of skin cells. These cells then accumulate on the skin, forming psoriatic plaques.

Psoriasis can develop anywhere on the body, including the vulva and inside the vagina. The genitals are affected by two main types of psoriasis: plaque and inverse.

Plaque psoriasis appears as patches of inflamed red hot skin covered with gray or silvery-white scaly plaques. They flake off easily and may itch or hurt.

Inverse psoriasis looks like inflamed areas of the skin – red, smooth and dense. Such spots often affect skin folds, especially around the genitals, in the armpits, between the buttocks….

Lichen sclerosus

An inflammatory skin disorder that causes itchy white patches on the genitals or anus. Lichen sclerosus can affect people of any age, but is most common in women over 50.

Doctors do not yet know what exactly causes lichen sclerosus. However, daily steroid ointment treatment of problem areas usually helps relieve itching and other symptoms.

Lichen planus

An autoimmune disease in which inflammatory cells attack proteins in the skin and mucous membranes.Lichen planus affects moist areas of the body such as:

• mouth,
• vagina,
• area around the vulva.

People with lichen planus vulva may have:

• itchy rash,
• white lace stripe leather pattern,
• painful and persistent ulcers,
• scarring,
• yellow or bloody vaginal discharge,
• pain during intercourse.

Atrophic vulvovaginitis

A condition in which the tissues of the vagina become dry, tender, and easily inflamed. Atrophic vulvovaginitis develops due to low estrogen levels that occur in menopausal women.

Some potential symptoms of atrophic vulvovaginitis:

• itching of the vulva or vagina;
• vaginal dryness;
• vaginal burning;

90,051 pain during sex;

• discharge with a characteristic unpleasant odor, in severe cases – bloody;
• peeling of the skin at the entrance to the vagina.

Cancer

Vaginal itching can also be a symptom of gynecological cancers: cancer of the vagina, vulva or cervix.

Medicines that cause vaginal itching

In some cases, the use of medications can lead to itching of the vagina:

• antibiotics,
• steroid drugs,

90,051 immunosuppressants.

How to get rid of itchy vagina

Certain home remedies can help treat or prevent vaginal itching.These funds are aimed at:

• to limit the influence of the source of irritation,
• to reduce excess moisture and the associated growth of fungi,
• Maintain an optimal balance of microorganisms inside the vagina.

These include:

• refusal to douch, which can cause an imbalance of “good” and “bad” bacteria in the vagina;

90,051 probiotic supplements to help restore the good bacteria in the vagina;

• wearing cotton underwear, under which the skin sweats less;
• Avoiding perfumed soaps and other irritants;
• Using fragrance-free laundry detergent and avoiding fabric softeners;
• Bathing in warm, not hot water to avoid irritating the sensitive skin around the vagina.

Another home method to get rid of itching is to use a special gel for intimate hygiene “Epigen Intim”. This is a product for the delicate care of the intimate area.

It is recommended by experts for daily use and, in particular, has the property of soothing irritation.

Gel combines two active elements: activated glycyrrhizic acid and lactic acid. It is the activated glycyrrhizic acid in Epigen Intim gel that gently relieves discomfort and irritation that may occur after epilation and when wearing lace or tight underwear.

The second important component of the product – lactic acid – helps to maintain the physiological pH level and the natural microflora of the mucous membranes.

The absence of soap in the gel helps to avoid skin irritation, dryness, tightness and disturbances in the natural balance of the intimate zone.

Treatment

The choice of treatment for vaginal itching depends largely on what causes it.

Some possible therapy options:

• antibiotics – for bacterial vaginosis or other bacterial infections;
• antifungal ointments and tablets – for yeast infections;
• local steroids – for irritating dermatitis and psoriasis;
• local estrogens – with atrophic vulvovaginitis;
• Antihistamines – for contact dermatitis.

When to see a doctor

Often vaginal itching during menstruation goes away on its own within a few days. However, if there is no improvement after two weeks, it is worth consulting your doctor.

In addition, a woman should contact her doctor if she has at least one of these manifestations:

• repeated attacks of vaginal itching;
• Vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, unusual color or consistency;

90,051 wounds or inflammation of the skin around the vagina or vulva;

• other painful conditions such as diabetes.

Pregnant women should consult a doctor for itching or any other vaginal symptoms.

So:

Vaginal itching during menstruation is a common symptom. It may be associated with normal hormonal changes associated with menstruation.

It can also signal an increased sensitivity or allergy to certain foods that are used during critical days.

Some other causes of vaginal itching include an imbalance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina, skin conditions, and certain medications.

Usually, vaginal itching that occurs during menstruation disappears on its own within a few days. But if it persists, it is better to see a doctor for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

90,000 Sexually transmitted infections – SPB GBUZ “Dermatovenerologic dispensary No. 4”

STI

MYCOTIC VULVOVAGINITIS (MILKMAID) Among infectious-inflammatory and dysbiotic diseases of the vagina, up to 45% of visits are attributed to candidal vulvovaginitis.The causative agent is yeast – fungi of the genus Candida. Mushrooms of the genus Sandida can be part of the microflora of the vagina of a healthy woman and do not cause specific manifestations. This condition is called candidacy. Under certain conditions, fungi activate pathogenic factors, which leads to the formation of the disease.It is believed that the increase in the frequency of vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush) is associated with a number of reasons. They are: the use of antibacterial drugs, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, radiation therapy, endocrine diseases, hypersensitivity to progesterone, relative and absolute hyperestrogenism, pregnancy, immunodeficiency states, etc.Sometimes we do not even think that a short vacation, for example, in winter in Egypt, is associated with two-fold adaptation stress, the manifestation of which is general and local immunodeficiency. The result is a curdled vaginal discharge, itching and, accordingly, a spoiled vacation. …. And not to coral reefs, moray eels and pyramids. Antibiotics and local antiseptics are able to suppress not only pathogenic microorganisms, but representatives of normal microflora. For this reason, mycotic vulvovaginitis may occur.A change in the normal microbiological landscape can be the cause of the development of two conditions: mycotic vulvovaginitis and bacterial vaginosis (BV). Until now, it is not clear to what extent the concept of “route of infection” is applicable to vulvovaginal candidiasis. The prevalence of yeast-like fungi is extremely high and they constantly enter the genital tract of a woman from the intestines, upon contact with exogenous sources of infection, through household items.

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS (GARDNERELOSIS) Bacterial vaginosis is an infectious non-inflammatory syndrome of polymicrobial etiology, characterized by the replacement of lactobacilli of the vaginal microflora with opportunistic anaerobic microorganisms.Since 1980, nonspecific vaginitis has been referred to as Gardnerella, a disease caused by Gardnerella vaginalis. However, later it was found that G.vaginalis is present not only in patients with nonspecific vaginitis, but also in 47% of healthy women, and that these microorganisms are not the only causative agents of this disease. In 1984, the modern name of the disease was proposed – bacterial vaginosis (BV). With BV, there is both a sharp decrease in the number of lactobacilli and an increase in the number, primarily of Gardnerella vaginalis in combination with gram-negative anaerobic bacteria Mobiluncus spp., Prevotella spp., Bacteroides spp., Fusobacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., As well as M. hominis and fungi of the genus Candida. Risk factors for the development of bacterial vaginosis: – use of antibacterial drugs; – long-term use of intrauterine contraceptives; – use of oral contraceptives; – previous inflammatory diseases of the urogenital tract; – violation of the hormonal status, accompanied by a violation of the menstrual cycle, mainly of the type of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea; – change in the state of local immunity; – exposure to small doses of ionizing radiation; – stressful effects on the body.- frequent change of sexual partners Diagnostics is based on an integrated approach, taking into account complaints, symptoms and a combination of laboratory diagnostic methods. In the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, therapeutic measures should be taken to eliminate the factors that contribute to the development and recurrence of the disease. The effectiveness of the treatment of bacterial vaginosis is assessed by the disappearance of subjective manifestations, the dynamics of the clinical symptoms of the disease, and the normalization of laboratory parameters.The first control clinical and laboratory examination should be carried out one week after the completion of therapy, repeated after 4-6 weeks. During treatment and follow-up observation, the use of barrier methods of contraception should be recommended.

TRICHOMONOSIS Urogenital trichomoniasis is an infectious disease with a predominantly sexual transmission caused by vaginal (urogenital) Trichomonas and manifested by damage to various parts of the genitourinary tract with the possibility of asymptomatic carriage.Discussions about the transmission routes of trichomoniasis are a thing of the past. It is now generally accepted that it is almost exclusively transmitted through direct sexual intercourse. Oral contact is usually not transmitted. The prevalence of trichomoniasis is high and not fully accounted for. According to the total data, 180-200 million people fall ill in the world every year. The significance of Trichomonas infection is due not only to its widespread prevalence, but also to the ability to cause a number of severe complications. infertility; inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs in women; prostatitis, epididymitis, urethral strictures in men; premature rupture of the amniotic membranes; the birth of children with low body weight; risk of cervical cancer and HIV transmission.sexual dysfunctions. It is necessary to take into account the fact that Trichomonas can retain various pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms (STIs) inside themselves. Today, genitourinary trichomoniasis is characterized by an abundance of erased and oligosymptomatic forms. Trichopolum has been used for 50 years in the treatment of trichomoniasis and anaerobic infections. The ineffectiveness of the treatment of trichomoniasis today is up to 20 to 44%. For a more successful treatment of trichomoniasis, the following provisions must be observed: – all sexual partners should be treated simultaneously, even in the absence of clinical and laboratory signs of the disease; – alcohol consumption and sex life during the treatment period are excluded; – the treatment regimen is determined taking into account the concomitant somatic diseases, the age and weight of the patient; – the tactics of treatment depend on the form of the course of the disease (acute or chronic process), the localization of the inflammatory process and the presence of a mixed infection.Persons who have undergone trichomoniasis after treatment should be monitored. The first control is carried out 7-10 days after the end of therapy, and then once a month (in men, within 2-3 months). In women, control is carried out within 3 menstrual cycles; it is better to take tests before and after menstruation. Control examinations of recovered girls are done monthly for 3 months.

CHLAMIDIOSIS Urogenital chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection.The source of infection in genitourinary chlamydia is a person with an acute or chronic form of the disease. The mechanism of transmission of infection caused by C. trachomatis is contact. Most often, it is realized by sexual (genital-genital, genital-oral, genital-anal contacts) ways. Infection by contact-household, vertical and horizontal routes is possible. Susceptibility to urogenital chlamydia reaches 100%, it is especially high in persons with immunodeficiency states.Chlamydia is a disease of young people. Most often, urogenital chlamydia affects men and women at a sexually active age – 20-40 years. CHLAMIDIOSIS IN WOMEN Cervicitis is observed as the primary and most frequent manifestation of chlamydial activity. Most women have no clinical symptoms, and only 1/3 show signs of infection. Oral contraceptives are also associated with an increased risk of developing chlamydial endocervicitis. This is due to the loss of resistance of epithelial cells to chlamydial infection due to changes in hormonal levels.Chlamydial salpingitis is the most common manifestation of ascending chlamydial infection. A feature of chlamydial salpingitis and salpingo-oophoritis is their long, subacute, erased course without a tendency to “weight”. Chronic infection can cause tubal obstruction, ectopic pregnancy. The most dangerous complication after pelvic inflammatory disease is infertility. The frequency of infertility is in direct proportion to the duration, frequency of exacerbation of pelvic inflammatory diseases.In patients with tubal infertility in the presence of chlamydial infection, clinical manifestations are usually scanty. The main complaint is infertility (secondary), pain in the lower abdomen and increased leucorrhoea before menstruation (odorless liquid leucorrhoea, usually 4-5 days before menstruation, 3-4 times a year with an interval of 3-4 months), psychoemotional disorders: violation sleep, irritability, headache. CHLAMIDIOSIS IN MEN Chlamydial urethritis in men is more often chronic, but sometimes acute. The onset of the disease and the further process in most cases is characterized by slightly pronounced subjective sensations.The most common symptoms of the disease include discomfort, itching, pain in the urethra, and increased urge to urinate. Chlamydial prostatitis is chronic and may worsen. Very rarely, the inflammatory process in the prostate gland is acute. As a rule, patients complain of vague discomfort, itching in the urethra, rectum, intermittent pain in the perineum, scrotum, groin, sacrum, along the sciatic nerve. Chlamydial vesiculitis usually accompanies prostatitis or epidymitis.Inflammation of the seminal vesicles can be bilateral, usually with few symptoms. Patients complain of discomfort and pain in the pelvic region, a feeling of fullness in the perineum, minor pains radiating to the sacrum, groin, testicle. The chronic course of the disease is characterized by weak erections, premature ejaculation, spermatorrhea, general malaise, lethargy, apathy, etc. Genital chlamydial infection can persist for a long period, in some cases for several years.So, even without involvement in sexual contacts on the side, with stable sexual intercourse, an individual may suddenly develop symptoms of a disease with which he was infected long before that .. When treating a patient, it is necessary to have maximum information in order to determine the stage and form of the disease, clarify the localization of primary and secondary foci of infection, it is also necessary to take into account the state of the immune system, the severity of intestinal and urinary tract dysbiosis. Treatment of chronic forms should be comprehensive.It includes immunostimulating drugs, fortifying drugs, vitamin therapy, physiotherapy. Before prescribing an immunopreparation, it is advisable to identify clinical and laboratory signs of immunity disorders in a patient; to establish the cause of the formation of immunodeficiency and the degree of its influence on the immune system. A follow-up examination after treatment is mandatory. The timing of control depends on the diagnostic method, but no control study should be carried out by any method earlier than 4 weeks after the end of therapy.

GENITAL HERPES Small vesicles appear on slightly edematous and hyperemic skin, filled with transparent contents. In men, the elements are localized on the inner and outer sheets of the foreskin, the skin of the head of the penis. In women, vesicles are localized mainly on the labia, clitoris, cervix. Often, the process extends to the skin of the perineum, thighs. It should be noted that they are grouped. As a result of trauma, the bubbles are damaged, which leads to the formation of erosion.When touched, erosion is sharply painful. After a few days, the contents of the vesicles shrink, forming crusts of a grayish-yellow or brownish-red color .. When the crusts are rejected, pigmentation remains, which soon disappears. However, a secondary infection often joins. At the site of erosion, ulcers form, their bottom is covered with purulent discharge. Among the large number of drugs for the treatment of herpes infection, only a few give a pronounced clinical effect and long-term remission.

CONDILOMA ACUTE The incubation period lasts from several weeks to several months.The pathological process in men is localized on the inner and outer sheets of the foreskin, the head of the penis, at the external opening of the urethra. In women, condylomatosis often affects the labia majora and minora, the clitoris, the skin at the external opening of the urethra, inguinal folds, and the perianal region. At first, single nodules appear, the size of a pinhead, pink or grayish-red, but their number increases over time. They grow in the form of papillae, often merge with each other, forming tumor-like growths that resemble cauliflower, cockscomb or raspberries.Often, condylomatous growths macerate and ulcerate. The main goal of the treatment of genital warts is their destruction. Several methods are used for this. Chemical methods: application. Physical methods: cryodestruction with liquid nitrogen, diathermocoagulation, excision of genital warts with a laser, electrosurgical excision; curettage is also possible after preliminary anesthesia. With the help of the above methods of treatment, a therapeutic effect is not always achieved, and therefore it is advisable to use different methods at the same time.

GONORRHEA Gonorrhea is an infectious disease caused by gonococci, which is transmitted, as a rule, predominantly sexually and usually affects the mucous membranes of the genitourinary organs, oral cavity, pharynx (with orogenital contact) and rectum (with anal contact). This is one of the oldest sexually transmitted diseases. Gonorrhea, despite the use of effective anti-gonococcal drugs, remains a difficult to control and widespread infection.Over 60 million cases of gonorrhea are registered in the world every year. The social significance of gonorrhea is determined not only by its frequency, but also by the consequences that it causes. First of all, this is infertility and destructive changes in the internal genital organs, leading to infertility. So, according to the World Health Organization, childlessness develops in 10% of men and 18% of women who have had this infection. In recent years, the incidence of gonorrhea among young people aged 15-19 has increased. The incubation period lasts from 1 day to 2-3 weeks or more (on average 5-7 days).Distinguish between uncomplicated gonorrhea, which is understood as a primary lesion of the mucous membrane of the genitourinary tract (urethra in men, cervical canal and urethra in women). In this case, patients complain of painful frequent urination, discharge, more often of a purulent nature, from the urethra and / or vagina. With complicated gonorrhea, other organs of the small pelvis are involved in the inflammatory process along with the urogenital organs, which is accompanied by abdominal pain, symptoms of intoxication, and menstrual irregularities.Diagnosis of gonorrhea is carried out by bacterioscopic and / or cultural methods. The success of the treatment of gonorrheal infection depends on the rational use of antimicrobial therapy, immunotherapy, local treatment, physiotherapy procedures. The cure of gonorrhea is established using clinical, bacterioscopic and cultural studies. However, the absence of secretions and the disappearance of gonococci from the surface of the mucous membrane does not always indicate recovery, since gonococci can maintain their viability for a long time in enclosed foci of infection.The difficulty of detecting gonococci during bacterioscopic examination of secretions has led to the use of various methods of provocation: these methods of provocation are based on tissue irritation in order to detect infection in hidden foci).

Molluscum contagiosum The incubation period for molluscum contagiosum lasts from 2 weeks to several months. Characterized by a rash of dull white, waxy-flesh-like or yellowish-pink hemispherical nodules the size of a pinhead, which slowly increase.Typical localization is the face (more often in children), neck, chest, external genitals, perineum, inner thighs. Nodules appear on unchanged skin, have a dense consistency, and are painless. When the nodule is squeezed from the sides, a white, mushy mass is released. With widespread and recurrent lesions in adults, an immunological examination, a search for possible causes of immune deficiency (including HIV testing), and immunocorrective treatment are necessary. Until complete recovery, patients should not have sexual intercourse (with genital localization of rashes), and also use shared linen, bedding, and a bathroom.Sick children are not allowed in child care facilities, swimming pools and other sports facilities.

90,000 Gyno Lact, 8 vaginal tablets

Vaginal tablets. Support and restore the vaginal microflora. Lactic acid bacteria predominate in the vagina of a healthy woman. If the number of lactic acid bacteria in the vagina decreases, anaerobic bacteria (bacterial vaginosis) begin to multiply, causing unpleasant symptoms. Typical symptoms of bacterial vaginosis are: increased volume of discharge, watery consistency, yellowish or gray discharge with an unpleasant odor.Women aged 1850 are most susceptible to changes in the microflora and inflammation of the vagina. Sex life, menstruation, pregnancy, breastfeeding, antibiotics, hormonal contraception, intrauterine contraception, and vaginal tampons can all cause bacterial vaginosis. To avoid bacterial vaginosis, vaginal microflora can be strengthened using vaginal tablets containing lactic acid bacteria. Vaginal tablets containing lactic acid bacteria restore the acidic environment and bacterial balance in the vagina.Milk fungus infection from the proliferation of Candida yeast bacteria causes itching, burning, and inflammation in the vaginal area. The discharge becomes thick, cheesy, with a yeast odor. It is usually treated with antibiotics. However, the infection often recurs despite taking antibiotics. Antibiotics also kill beneficial lactic acid bacteria. Re-emergence of infections can be avoided by strengthening the microflora of the vagina. Gynolact is a topical pill that contains lactic acid bacteria naturally present in the vagina.Carefully read the information in the package before use. Pregnant women should consult a healthcare professional before using this product. The product can be used during breastfeeding. Contact your doctor if your health condition worsens or if any side effects occur.

90,000 Itching in the vagina – causes, symptoms and treatment – Clinic “Doctor near”

Most often, a symptom of itching in the vagina manifests itself in the following diseases:

Itching in the vagina can be a symptom of many diseases – from urogenital infections to diabetes mellitus and tumors of the pelvic organs.When itching occurs, you should not self-medicate, especially if along with it there are vaginal discharge, pain in the lower abdomen.

Causes of itching

Itching can be caused by gynecological diseases, diseases not related to gynecology, as well as a number of other reasons

Urogenital diseases

Candidiasis (thrush) – caused by the yeast Candida. It is characterized by burning, itching, copious cheesy discharge.

Vaginitis, colpitis – the main symptom is discharge with the smell of fish, it can intensify before menstruation. Caused by Escherichia coli, cocci, active reproduction of gardnerella.

Allergy to semen is a rare occurrence, and can also be characterized by burning and redness of the external genital organs after intercourse. Also, allergies can occur to contraceptives – pills, suppositories, latex, lubricants, lubricants.

Infectious diseases – chlamydia, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, genital herpes, genital warts.Urethritis, cervicitis, endometritis may appear as complications.

Atrophy of the vaginal mucosa – usually occurs during menopause. The woman experiences dryness, burning, tingling.

Urogenital fistulas – may appear after childbirth, operations. Irritation of the vagina occurs due to exposure to urine.

Benign and malignant neoplasms – cyst, myoma, fibroma, polyp, oncology of the uterus, ovaries.

Non-gynecological diseases

Overwork of the body, stress – depression, emotional overload, disorders of the nervous system, mental illness can be characterized by discomfort in the vagina.

Hormonal failure – caused by endocrine diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hepatitis, renal failure, ovarian dysfunction, blood diseases.

Worms, pubic lice – can cause itching in the anus and on the eve of the vagina.

Diseases of the digestive tract – hemorrhoids, anal fissures, dysbiosis. A woman may feel a burning sensation and itching near the vagina.

Cystitis is a fairly common disease, often occurring together with urogenital infections, candidiasis, pyelonephritis.

Other reasons

Low-quality underwear – made of synthetic materials, uncomfortable, restricting movement, rough. There is constant overheating and trauma to the genitals.

Exposure to external irritants – a reaction can be caused by shower gels, soaps, washing powders, pads, tampons, toilet paper.

Violation of hygiene rules – the genitals should be washed at least once a day. But being too careful is also harmful. Alkaline soap, frequent douching can provoke a violation of the microflora and vaginal dysbiosis.

Features of nutrition – the use of salty, pickled, spicy foods can cause itching in the vagina.It can also be done by dyes, preservatives, flavor enhancers contained in semi-finished products, fast food.

Vaginal itching treatment

You can try to get rid of itching by removing the provoking factors listed above. If, after a few days, discomfort is still present, you should immediately contact a gynecologist and in no case self-medicate. It must be remembered that itching in the vagina can be a symptom of serious diseases, and only a doctor, having performed an examination and all the necessary tests, will be able to prescribe adequate treatment.

Fungal infections and their prevention.

Many viruses, fungi and bacteria live in the human body. They are divided into useful, opportunistic and pathogenic. At the same time, normally they are in a certain balance and do not harm the human body.

The greatest danger is fungus – a microorganism that can lead to damage to the skin and internal organs.

Microsporia and trichophytosis are most common on the territory of Mordovia.For 2018 736 cases of microsporia were registered, which is 4.37% less than in 2017. The bulk of the cases were children under 14 years of age – 667 people or 90.6% of the total number of cases. In 2018, only 5 cases were registered with trichophytosis, of which 2 cases or 40% are children under 14 years of age.

Types of fungi.

There are about 500 types of fungi that cause disease in humans.

All fungi are divided into yeast, mold and domiformes.Yeast fungi live in the human body and are part of its microflora.

The rest are a real threat to the health and life of people. They can multiply both on the surface of the skin and nails, and inside the body. In a healthy person, they are destroyed by the cells of the immune system. But in the body of people with weakened immunity, fungi find favorable conditions for life.

Groups of diseases.

Fungal diseases or mycoses are divided into several main groups: Epidermophytosis, dermatomycosis, sporotrichosis, candidiasis, trichophytosis.

– Epidermophytosis – a disease caused by fungi of the genus epidermophyton. Most often men suffer from it. In this case, the top layer of the skin and nails are affected. The disease is divided into athlete’s groin and athlete’s foot.

– Dermatomycosis is a whole group of fungal infections of the skin, from which every fifth person on the planet suffers. In this case, both the skin and internal organs are affected. The carrier of the fungus infects the people around it.

– Sporotrichosis is a chronic fungal disease.Infection occurs through contact with grass, bushes, soil, street dust, and even food. It affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue.

– Candidiasis is caused by yeast fungi. They are part of a healthy human microflora. However, in some cases, they begin to multiply actively, disrupting the balance of bacteria, which leads to the development of candidiasis. Most often, candidiasis or thrush appears in the vagina in women and in the oral cavity in children. If untreated, it can spread to other organs, including the intestines, causing dysbiosis.

– Trichophytosis – a fungal disease called ringworm. Most often, it affects children in contact with stray animals. Ringworm affects the entire surface of the body and scalp, as well as the feet and nails.

– Contact with a fungal source contributes to the development of a fungal infection. Fungal spores can be found on the floor surface, in the air, in bird droppings. At the same time, for their reproduction, a special environment is required, which is created with a decrease in the protective functions of the body.Fungi can multiply on the surface of the skin, while the favorite places of deployment are the folds of the skin, the folds of the arms and legs, that is, all places where there is high humidity and body temperature. Some fungi are capable of infecting deep tissue layers and internal organs. Over time, the condition of sick people deteriorates significantly, which leads to irreversible consequences.

Symptoms of the fungus.

Each type of fungal infection has a specific clinical picture.They depend not only on the type of fungus, but also on the location and severity of the lesions. The following symptoms indicate skin mycoses:

– Hair loss and fragility in case of damage to the scalp;

– peeling or weeping spots and plaques of various shapes, sizes and boundaries;

– redness or discoloration of the skin;

– merging of multiple spots into one with the progression of the disease;

– keratinization of the skin at the affected area;

– itching in the area of ​​inflammation.

Against the background of a weakened immunity, bacterial infections can join fungal infections. As a result, a rash with purulent contents joins the general symptoms. When the infiltrate resolves, weeping crusts are formed, and then scars.

In case of a nail fungus infection (onychomycosis), other symptoms appear:

– thickening of the nail plate;

– change in the color of the nail to yellow, gray, brown or black;

– weeping or peeling, itching of the skin in the interdigital spaces;

– fragility of the nail plate, crumbling during circumcision;

– complete separation of the nail with a prolonged course of infection.

Treatment of fungal infection.

Treatment of a fungal infection involves the internal administration of antimycotics, as well as symptomatic therapy. The duration of the course of treatment depends on the type of fungal infection and the severity of the disease. In general, it is 1-3 months. In addition, patients are prescribed drugs that strengthen the body’s immune system.

Preventive measures.

Prevention of fungal diseases requires

– observe personal hygiene, wash hands before eating, after each visit to the toilet and public places, playing and caring for animals;

– wash vegetables and hands thoroughly;

– animal food must be subjected to prolonged heat treatment;

– eat rationally, monitor body weight;

– take antibacterial and hormonal drugs only as directed by a doctor;

– use condoms during intercourse;

– use rubber slippers in saunas, showers, swimming pools and on the beach.

It is important that if you find signs of a fungal infection, consult a doctor and undergo a complete examination of the body. This will allow you to identify the pathogen at an early stage, start treatment in a timely manner and avoid more serious health consequences.