Zinc and thyroid: Zinc Deficiency Associated with Hypothyroidism: An Overlooked Cause of Severe Alopecia

02.07.202311.06.2023 by alexxlab

Содержание

Effect of zinc supplementation on thyroid hormone function. A case study of two college females

Case Reports

. 2007;51(2):188-94.

doi: 10.1159/000103324.

Epub 2007 May 30.

Christy Maxwell¹, Stella Lucia Volpe

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., USA.

PMID:
17541266
DOI:
10.1159/000103324

Case Reports

Christy Maxwell et al.

Ann Nutr Metab.

2007.

. 2007;51(2):188-94.

doi: 10.1159/000103324.

Epub 2007 May 30.

Authors

Christy Maxwell¹, Stella Lucia Volpe

Affiliation

¹ University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass., USA.

PMID:
17541266
DOI:
10.1159/000103324

Abstract

Background/aims:

Zinc is crucial for proper thyroid hormone metabolism; zinc deficiency may result in decreased thyroid hormone levels and resting metabolic rate (RMR). The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of zinc supplementation on plasma zinc, serum ferritin, plasma total triiodothyronine (T(3)) and thyroxine (T(4)), serum free T(3) and T(4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations, and RMR in zinc-deficient, physically active women.

Methods:

Two zinc-deficient female college students (ZD1 and ZD2) were supplemented with 26.4 mg/day of zinc (as zinc gluconate), and the above parameters were analyzed at 0, 2 and 4 months.

Results:

Zinc deficiency was clinically corrected in both subjects, while serum ferritin concentration declined to classify both subjects as borderline iron deficient (ZD1 = 15.3 and ZD2 = 15.3 ng/ml at 4 months). At 4 months, total T(3) concentrations increased in ZD1, while all thyroid hormone concentrations increased in ZD2. RMR increased in both subjects by 4 months.

Conclusion:

Zinc supplementation appeared to be directly responsible for the increase in plasma zinc and decline in serum ferritin concentrations in both subjects. Zinc supplementation appeared to have a favorable effect on thyroid hormone levels, particularly total T(3), and RMR.

Cited by

Maternal Mineral Nutrition Regulates Fetal Genomic Programming in Cattle: A Review.
Anas M, Diniz WJS, Menezes ACB, Reynolds LP, Caton JS, Dahlen CR, Ward AK.
Anas M, et al.
Metabolites. 2023 Apr 26;13(5):593. doi: 10.3390/metabo13050593.
Metabolites. 2023.
PMID: 37233634
Free PMC article.
Review.
Mediterranean Diet and Thyroid: An Interesting Alliance.
Bellastella G, Scappaticcio L, Caiazzo F, Tomasuolo M, Carotenuto R, Caputo M, Arena S, Caruso P, Maiorino MI, Esposito K.
Bellastella G, et al.
Nutrients. 2022 Oct 4;14(19):4130. doi: 10.3390/nu14194130.
Nutrients. 2022.
PMID: 36235782
Free PMC article.
Review.
Diffuse Alopecia and Thyroid Atrophy in Sheep.
Sampaio RAG, Riet-Correa F, Barbosa FMS, de Gois DD, Lima RC, da Silva IG, da Silva VM, Oliveira AM, Simões SVD, Lucena RB.
Sampaio RAG, et al.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Dec 10;11(12):3530. doi: 10.3390/ani11123530.
Animals (Basel). 2021.
PMID: 34944304
Free PMC article.
Selenium, Zinc, and Copper Status in Euthyroid Nodular Goiter: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Turan E, Turksoy VA.
Turan E, et al.
Int J Prev Med. 2021 May 26;12:46. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_337_19. eCollection 2021.
Int J Prev Med. 2021.
PMID: 34211677
Free PMC article.
The association between deficiency of nutrient intake and resting metabolic rate in overweight and obese women: a cross-sectional study.
Sajjadi SF, Mirzababaei A, Abdollahi A, Shiraseb F, Mirzaei K.
Sajjadi SF, et al.
BMC Res Notes. 2021 May 12;14(1):179. doi: 10.1186/s13104-021-05582-z.
BMC Res Notes. 2021.
PMID: 33980283
Free PMC article.

See all “Cited by” articles

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

The Link Between Thyroid Health And Zinc Deficiency

Zinc is an essential mineral that is involved in numerous cellular processes. It is required for protein and DNA synthesis, wound healing, and cellular division. It also plays a pivotal role in the immune system and is necessary for synthesizing thyroid hormones. Our bodies do not naturally produce zinc, so we must get this mineral from our diet or supplements.

Understanding zinc deficiencies

In the past few decades, zinc deficiencies have come to be defined on a spectrum. The effects of a deficiency can range from mild to severe. People with severe zinc deficiencies are not ordinary among the general population in the United States.

Those at risk for a moderate to severe zinc deficiency often follow specific diets or have health conditions that interfere with zinc absorption. For example, vegetarians are at risk for zinc deficiency, as are people with Crohn’s disease, sickle cell anemia, or alcohol use disorder.

Many people, however, are likely on the milder end of the spectrum. People with mild zinc deficiency are likely not optimizing their zinc intake. One of the main culprits preventing people from getting their recommended daily allowance (RDA) of zinc is a poor diet. People who do not meet their RDA for zinc may have an increased risk of getting sick and may have a more challenging time keeping chronic diseases in check.

‍

Daily Thyroid Care

$34/month

The reinvented multivitamin that works smarter to help fill the gaps in your thyroid health journey

Learn More

Vegan and free of gluten, GMOs, dairy and iodine

The relationship between zinc and thyroid hormone production

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that produces thyroid hormones. These thyroid hormones play an essential role in the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment by regulating metabolism, energy, and temperature. Various nutrients, like zinc, play an essential role in the proper metabolism and action of these thyroid hormones.

Zinc is sometimes referred to as “the catalyst” when it comes to thyroid hormone production. It plays a role in both the formation and metabolism of these hormones.

Studies show that zinc helps regulate deiodinases enzymes activity (selenium-containing enzymes used for the synthesis of the active form of thyroid hormone, T3), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland.

It also changes the structures of essential transcription factors (proteins that control the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA) involved in forming thyroid hormones.

‍

Zinc helps produce thyroid hormones

People who have hypothyroidism produce too much TSH. Consequently, people with hypothyroidism are at an increased risk of depleting zinc in the body. Thus, it is essential to stabilize your TSH to keep zinc levels steady in your body. If you have an underactive thyroid, you will need to take thyroid hormone replacement medication to decrease your TSH.

Zinc helps restore immune function

Zinc plays a crucial role in optimizing the immune system. It helps to mediate innate immunity, which is the first line of immune defense intended to prevent infection and attack invading pathogens. (Note: the innate immune response is different from the adaptive immune response, which targets against a previously recognized toxin.) Additionally, zinc can function as an antioxidant, which may help prevent harm caused by free radicals released during the inflammatory response.

When zinc levels are in balance, your body may better protect itself against autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, illness, and allergies. Because zinc performs such an influential role in the immune system, many common cold and flu remedies contain zinc to help fight off infection.

Zinc helps heal the gut

One of the more plausible theories behind autoimmune thyroiditis and autoimmune diseases is intestinal permeability—also known as leaky gut. Leaky gut is where the cellular junctions between intestinal cells are not tight enough to prevent pathogens and toxins from entering your bloodstream.

When harmful substances escape the digestive tract and circulate throughout the body, they can lead to chronic inflammation over time. Inflammation affects not only the tight junctions in your intestines, but it can wreak havoc on other organs as well, including the thyroid.

Taking zinc supplements, and ensuring you get enough zinc in your diet, can help support the immune system and help tighten the intestinal junctions.

‍

Should you take zinc supplements with thyroid medication?

People with hypothyroidism need to take thyroid hormone replacement medication to normalize the amount of thyroid hormone in their bodies. However, optimizing your thyroid function goes beyond taking your daily medication.

Taking vitamin supplements can help ensure you are getting the right vitamins, minerals, and medicinal herbs to reduce inflammation and promote thyroid hormone production.

Before starting any supplement, it is wise to talk to your thyroid doctor. You will want to be sure that you are using the right supplement in the proper dosage. Some supplements can interfere with your thyroid hormone medication. For example, thyroid glandular supplements contain ground-up thyroid tissues from animals which can affect your thyroid medication. In general, it is best to avoid taking any glandular-containing supplements, as they are not always well-regulated and may overtreat your thyroid.

How to increase your zinc intake

Aside from taking a zinc-containing supplement, you can boost your zinc intake through your diet. Meat is an excellent source of zinc, which is why people who eat meat-free diets are more likely to have zinc deficiencies. Eating red meat and shellfish can naturally boost your zinc levels.

Aside from meat products, zinc is also in:

Legumes

Seeds

Nuts

Dairy

Eggs

Whole grains

Some foods can block zinc absorption. For example, although legumes are high in zinc, they also contain phytates, which block zinc absorption. However, soaking and heating legumes can increase zinc bioavailability, which is beneficial for people who do not get their zinc intake from meat.

‍

Get answers and treatments in minutes without leaving home – anytime. Consult with a U.S. board certified doctor who only treats hypothyroidism via high-quality video. Insurance accepted.

Schedule

A note from Paloma Health

Paloma Health offers a Daily Thyroid Care vitamin supplement that is iodine-free and glandular-free. It contains ten necessary essential nutrients, including zinc, to support optimal thyroid function. Meet with your thyroid doctor to discuss your specific thyroid needs and treatment options.

‍

New! Profile “Thyroid gland. Iodine. Selenium. Zinc”

Dear patients, we have great news!

It is now possible to fully examine the thyroid gland thanks to the new profile – “Thyroid Gland. Extended.”

The following analyzes are included in the profile:

1. Iodine is a microelement necessary for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. In adults, moderate iodine deficiency increases the incidence of hyperthyroidism due to toxic goiter. When exposed to very high doses of iodine, there is a decrease in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. A sharp increase in iodine intake in iodine-deficient regions can also cause autoimmune thyroid disease.

2. Selenium is an essential trace element that helps in thyroid hormone metabolism and antioxidant systems. Severe selenium deficiency can cause thyroid dysfunction and lead to the onset or progression of autoimmune diseases. In patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, selenium supplementation may reduce anti-TPO antibody titer.
Zinc – helps to regulate the production of thyroid hormones. Zinc deficiency affects the endocrine system, including the thyroid gland.

3. Zinc – Helps regulate thyroid hormone production and is needed for DNA and protein production. Zinc deficiency inhibits the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

4. Ultrasensitive TSH – hormone that regulates thyroid function. Its result makes it possible to evaluate the work of the thyroid gland (hypo- / hyperfunction)

5. Anti-TPO – protein compounds that increase in the presence of autoimmune thyroid diseases in the body and are a marker of this process in the body. AT-TG and AT-TPO tests are used to confirm or exclude the autoimmune nature of a particular thyroid disease, for example: an enlarged thyroid gland without disturbing its function. They are also prescribed to children born from mothers with pathology of the endocrine organs to determine risk groups for the development of thyroid diseases.

6. T3 free – the main two hormones that the thyroid gland produces, the analysis of the level of the main hormones T3, T4 free fractions is the first and most important step in determining the quality of the thyroid gland in case of any suspicion of its disease.

7. T4 free – the main two hormones that the thyroid gland produces, the analysis of the level of the main hormones T3, T4 free fractions is the first and most important step in determining the quality of the thyroid gland in case of any suspicion of its disease.

8. Anti-TG – protein compounds that increase in the presence of autoimmune thyroid diseases in the body and are a marker of this process in the body. AT-TG and AT-TPO tests are used to confirm or exclude the autoimmune nature of a particular thyroid disease, for example: an enlarged thyroid gland without disturbing its function. They are also prescribed to children born from mothers with pathology of the endocrine organs to determine risk groups for the development of thyroid diseases.

Price when selling separately: ~~27 360tg~~

Price in the profile: 19 900tg

The price of a profile is more profitable than selling it separately.

Profile Thyroid. Extended” is available in all treatment rooms throughout Kazakhstan.

More details:

(2) 59-79-69 (throughout Kazakhstan)

36-30-05 (for Semey)

Telegram-bot: @KDLOLYMPKZ_BOT

Official Telegram channel of KDL OLIMP

Subscribe to our TikTok account

Subscribe to our Instagram account

thyroid | Troshina

1. Jain RB. Thyroid function and serum copper, selenium, and zinc in general U.S. population. Biological Trace Element Research. 2014;159(1-3):87-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-9992-9

2. Sangyong C, Xian L, Zui P. Zinc deficiency and cellular oxidative stress: prognostic implications in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica. 2018:39(7):1120-1132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/aps.2018.25

3. Livingstone C. Zinc: Physiology, Deficiency, and Parenteral Nutrition. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2015:30(3):371-382. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533615570376

4. Maret W. Metals on the move: zinc ions in cellular regulation and in the coordination dynamics of zinc proteins. Biometals. 2011:24(3):411-418. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-010-9406-1

5. Bossowski A, Stożek K, Rydzewska M, et al. Expression of zinc transporter 8 in thyroid tissues from patients with immune and non-immune thyroid diseases. autoimmunity. 2020:53(7):376-384. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/08916934.2020.1815194

6. Ihnatowicz P, Drywień M, Wątor P, et al. The importance of nutritional factors and dietary management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine. 2020:27(2):184-193. doi: https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/112331

7. Rohner F, Zimmermann M, Jooste P, et al. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development—Iodine Review. J Nutr. 2014;144(8):1322-1342. doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.181974.

8. Mahmoodianfard S, Vafa M, Golgiri F, et al. Effects of Zinc and Selenium Supplementation on Thyroid Function in Overweight and Obese Hypothyroid Female Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2015:34(5):391-399. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2014.926161

9. Troshina E.A., Senyushkina E.S., Terekhova M.A. The role of selenium in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases // Clinical and experimental thyroidology. – 2018. – T. 14. – No. 4. – S. 192-205. doi: https://doi.org/10.14341/ket10157

10. O’Kane SM, Mulhern MS, Pourshahidi LK. Micronutrients, iodine status and concentrations of thyroid hormones: a systematic review. Nutrition Research Reviews. 2018:1;76(6):418-431. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuy008

11. Rasic-Milutinovic Z, Jovanovic D, Bogdanovic G, et al. Potential Influence of Selenium, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium on L-Thyroxine Substitution in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis and Hypothyroidism. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 2017:125(2):79-85. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-116070

12. Jian L, Yun L, Dongdong K, et al. T-screen and yeast assay for the detection of the thyroid-disrupting activities of cadmium, mercury, and zinc. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2016:23(10):9843–9851. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6095-5

13. Paulazo MA, Klecha AJ, Sterle HA, et al. Hypothyroidism-related zinc deficiency leads to suppression of T lymphocyte activity. endocrine. 2019:66(2):266-277. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-01936-7

14. Emami A, Mohammad RN, Shekarriz R, et al. Micronutrient status (calcium, zinc, vitamins D and E) in patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma: A cross-sectional study. nutrition. 2017;41:86-89. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2017.04.004

15. Bailey RL, West KP, Black RE. The epidemiology of global micronutrient deficiencies. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2015;66(2):22-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000371618

16. Harold H. Sandstead Zinc nutrition from discovery to global health impact. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research. 2012;3(5):718-719. doi: https://doi.org/10.3945/an.112.002485

17. Sur U, Erkekoglu P, Bulus AD, et al. Oxidative stress markers, trace elements, and endocrine disrupting chemicals in children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. 2019;29(9):633-643. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2019.1646367

18. Kawicka A, Regulska-Ilow B. Metabolic disorders and nutritional status in autoimmune thyroid diseases. Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej. 2015;69:80–90. doi: https://doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1136383.

19. Chasapis CT, Ntoupa PA, Spiliopoulou CA, et al. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Archives of Toxicology. 2020;94(5):1443-1460. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02702-9

20. Hess SY. The impact of common micronutrient deficiencies on iodine and thyroid metabolism: the evidence from human studies. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;24(1):117-132. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.012

21. Kravchenko VI, Andrusyshyna IM, Luzanchuk IA, et al. Association Between Thyroid Hormone Status and Trace Elements in Serum of Patients with Nodular Goiter. Biological Trace Element Research. 2019;196(2):393-399. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-019-01943-9

22. Kudabayeva KI, Koshmaganbetova GK, Mickuviene N, et al. Hair Trace Elements are Associated with Increased Thyroid Volume in Schoolchildren with Goiter. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2016;174(2):261-266. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-016-0711-6

23. Zakrzewska E, Zegan M, Michota-Katulska E. Dietary recommendations in hypothyroidism with coexistence of Hashimoto’s disease. Bromat Chem Toksykol. 2015;18:117–127.

24. Jonsdottir B, Jonsson I, Lantz M, Prevalence of diabetes and presence of autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 and glutamic decarboxylase at diagnosis and at follow up of Graves’ disease. endocrine. 2019;64(1):48-54. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-019-01852-w

25. Mocchegiani E, Romeo J, Malavolta M, et al. Zinc: dietary intake and impact of supplementation on immune function in the elderly. Age (Omaha). 2013;35(3):839-860. doi: https://doi.

Zinc and thyroid: Zinc Deficiency Associated with Hypothyroidism: An Overlooked Cause of Severe Alopecia

Effect of zinc supplementation on thyroid hormone function. A case study of two college females

Affiliation

Authors

Affiliation

Abstract

Similar articles

Cited by

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

The Link Between Thyroid Health And Zinc Deficiency

In this article:

Understanding zinc deficiencies

Daily Thyroid Care

The reinvented multivitamin that works smarter to help fill the gaps in your thyroid health journey

The relationship between zinc and thyroid hormone production

Zinc helps produce thyroid hormones

Zinc helps restore immune function

Zinc helps heal the gut

Should you take zinc supplements with thyroid medication?

How to increase your zinc intake

Get answers and treatments in minutes without leaving home – anytime. Consult with a U.S. board certified doctor who only treats hypothyroidism via high-quality video. Insurance accepted.

A note from Paloma Health

New! Profile “Thyroid gland. Iodine. Selenium. Zinc”

thyroid | Troshina

Leave a Reply Cancel reply