What are some unusual eye conditions? How do they affect vision? What are the causes and treatments? Get answers to these questions and more in this informative article.

Rare and Unusual Eye Conditions

The human eye is a complex and fascinating organ, and sometimes it can develop unusual conditions that can affect vision in surprising ways. In this comprehensive article, we’ll explore some of the rarer and more unusual eye diseases and problems that people may encounter.

Tears of Blood

Yes, it’s possible to cry tears of blood. This isn’t a disease itself, but rather a symptom that can have various underlying causes. These can include blood vessels that don’t grow properly, tumors, inflamed tissues, or bacterial/viral infections. It’s more common in children and teens, and the treatment depends on the specific cause.

Multiple Pupils in One Eye

It’s rare, but some people have more than one working pupil in a single eye. This condition is called polycoria, and while the exact cause is unclear, it may be linked to other eye conditions like glaucoma and cataracts. Not everyone with polycoria needs treatment, but surgery can be an option to restore dimmed vision.

Heterochromia

Heterochromia is a condition where the irises (the colored part of the eyes) are different colors from one another, or even contain multiple colors within a single iris. If you’re born with it, you likely won’t have any other symptoms or need treatment. However, it can also be a sign of a rare genetic condition.

Coloboma
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Coloboma is a disease that can cause a notch or gap in parts of the eye, such as the iris or pupil. This can give the eye a “cat-like” appearance. Colobomas often result from a problem in gene development during fetal growth, and can affect other organs and body parts as well. A team of doctors may be needed to manage the various symptoms.

Optic Neuritis

Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerve that can cause vision loss, pain, and other visual disturbances. It often affects one eye and is sometimes linked to multiple sclerosis. While it usually resolves on its own, steroids can be used to ease the inflammation and pain.

Charles Bonnet Syndrome

People with Charles Bonnet syndrome experience visual hallucinations, where they see patterns or images that others cannot. These hallucinations can last for minutes to hours and may be still or moving. The exact cause is unclear, but it’s believed to be the brain’s response to sudden vision loss. While there’s no cure, adjusting lighting and getting plenty of rest can help manage the symptoms.

Albinism

Albinism is a genetic condition where the body doesn’t produce enough pigment. In the eyes, this can lead to blurry vision, eyes that appear to look in different directions, light sensitivity, and difficulty judging distance. While there’s no cure, doctors can help manage the symptoms.

Traumatic Cataracts

Cataracts are a common eye condition, but they can also develop as a result of eye injury or trauma. If the lens is hit, pierced, or jostled around, a cataract can form, often with a cloudy, star-shaped appearance. Corticosteroids can help with swelling and pain, but they can also sometimes worsen the cataract over time.

Ptosis and Horner’s Syndrome

Ptosis is a condition where the eyelid muscles weaken or stop working, causing the eyelid to droop. This can affect one or both eyes and may be inherited. Horner’s syndrome is a rare nerve problem that causes one pupil to be much smaller than the other, along with a droopy eyelid and lack of facial sweating on that side. Both conditions can be managed with surgery.

Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma is a rare form of eye cancer that primarily affects children. It can cause a white color in the pupil when light shines on it, as well as red, swollen eyes and misaligned gaze. Treatment typically involves radiation or surgery.

Retinal Dystrophies

Retinal dystrophies are a group of rare genetic diseases that damage the light-sensitive cells in the retina. This can lead to a narrowed field of vision and difficulty seeing at night. While there’s no cure, doctors can help manage the symptoms.

The human eye is a remarkable and complex organ, and these unusual conditions demonstrate just how varied and fascinating eye problems can be. If you ever notice any unusual changes in your vision or eye appearance, it’s important to see an eye doctor right away for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

Pictures of Unusual Eye Conditions

Medically Reviewed by Whitney Seltman, OD on January 21, 2022

Yes, you really can cry tears of blood. But it isn’t so much a disease as a symptom. Causes include:

• Blood vessels that don’t grow the right way
• Tumors
• Inflamed tissues
• Bacterial or viral infections

It’s more common in children and teens. Treatment depends on the cause. 

Your pupil is a round hole that gets bigger as light fades and smaller as light brightens. It’s rare, but some people have more than one working pupil in a single eye. It isn’t clear what causes polycoria, but there may be a link to conditions like glaucoma and cataracts. Not everyone needs treatment, but surgery can restore dimmed vision.

Your irises are the colored part of each eye. Sometimes they’re a different color from one another. Or one iris might contain different colors.  If you’re born with it, you probably won’t have other symptoms or need treatment. Sometimes it’s a sign of a rare condition you get from your parents at birth. An injury or disease can cause it later in life.

This disease can cause a notch or gap in parts of your eyes. Your doctor will call it a coloboma. When it affects your iris or pupil, your eye might look like a cat’s. You can also get colobomas in other organs and body parts. Most of the time they come from a problem in your genes that resut in changes during development and show up when you’re born. You may need a team of doctors to manage the different symptoms.

It can strike anywhere between ages 20 and 40. About half the people who have it will get multiple sclerosis, a disease that attacks brain cells. It usually affects one eye. You could lose vision for a few hours or days or even months or lose a portion of yoir peripheral vision. You may have pain, blurry vision, and see flashing lights. Colors, especially red, might be less bright. Though it usually goes away on its own, the doctor can give you steroids to ease the inflammation and pain. Your eyesight should be back to normal within a year, but the condition can return.   

People with this condition see (but don’t hear) patterns or images that others can’t. These hallucinations can last from minutes to hours. They might be still or move. The cause isn’t clear, but it’s likely your brain’s response to a loss of vision, especially if it’s sudden. It isn’t a sign of mental breakdown or a brain disease like dementia. There’s no cure, but it can help to change lighting and get plenty of rest. There are medications, but they have serious side effects and are reserved for severe cases.

Your iris absorbs light. Your retina, at the back of your eye, processes it. If you don’t have enough of the pigment that gives them their color, the nerves that help you see could get damaged. That can lead to: 

• Blurry vision
• Eyes that look in different directions
• Light sensitivity
• Trouble judging distance  

There’s no cure, but your doctor can help you manage your symptoms.

Your lens helps focus light and images onto your retina. It may take a while, but if it gets hit or pierced, or jostled around, a cataract can form. It will look cloudy and may be star-shaped. The doctor may give you corticosteroids, which help with swelling and pain from the injury but can sometimes make the cataract worse over time  

You can inherit genes that cause the muscles in and around your eye to get weak or stop working. It could start anywhere from age 18 to 40. It can affect one or both eyes. You may find it hard to swallow or you might feel that muscles all over your body are weak, especially after you exercise. There’s no cure, but surgery can correct droopy eyelids and other symptoms. 

Your pupils could be different sizes. About 1 in 5 people who have this don’t have any other health conditions along with it. Sometimes it signals a rare nerve problem. Horner’s syndrome is marked by one much smaller pupil, a droopy upper lid, an eyeball sunken into its socket, and a lack of facial sweat on just one side of the face. If a change in your pupil size happens suddenly, call your doctor immediately or go to the emergency room. In Adie syndrome, which usually doesn’t require treatment, one pupil is always open and barely responds to light. Some drugs like scopolamine patches for sea sickness can also cause one pupil to dilate if the medicine gets in the eye. 

This cancer affects your retina. It’s the most common form of eye cancer in children, but rare for adults. You might notice a white color in the pupil of your child’s eye when light shines on it. Their eyes may be red, swollen, and seem to look in different directions. Treatments include radiation and surgery.

This group of rare genetic diseases damages special light-sensitive cells in your retina, the tissue that lines the back of your eye. It narrows your field of vision and makes it harder to see at night. There’s no cure, and it will get worse over time. But doctors and therapists can show you how to use special devices and tactics to make the most of the vision you have.

Your child’s eyes could be abnormally small or completely missing (anophthalmia) at birth. Scientists think genes cause this disorder. Exposure to certain chemicals or viruses may raise the risk, but more research is needed to be sure. There isn’t much help for vision loss from this disease, but doctors can place a full or partial artificial eye in your baby’s eye socket. As they grow, it’ll look more normal.

This inherited disease causes yellow or white crystals to form in your retina. Over time your vision will get less sharp and you’ll have trouble seeing at night. You might lose your side vision or have trouble seeing colors. Your eyes could worsen at different rates. The trouble starts in your teens or 20s. By your 40s or 50s you may have to turn your head to see to the side. That makes you legally blind. It doesn’t mean you can’t see, just that you have low vision that can’t be corrected with glasses or contacts.

This inherited condition causes a fatty buildup on your retina. It can damage your central vision. It happens slowly and doesn’t lead to total blindness. It mostly affects children and teens, but you may not notice it until you’re an adult. There’s no treatment.

IMAGES PROVIDED BY:

1) Thinkstock

2) Medical Images

3) Science Source

4) Science Source

5) Thinkstock

6) Thinkstock

7) Science Source

8) Science Source

9) Science Source

10) Thinkstock

11) Science Source

12) Thinkstock

13) CDC

14) Retina Image Bank® / Robert T. Wendel, MD / American Society of Retina Specialists

15) Thinkstock

SOURCES:

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science: “Haemolacria: A Unique Diagnostic And Treatment Approach.”

National Eye Institute: “Facts About Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia,” Facts About Retinitis Pigmentosa,” “Facts About Stargardt Disease,” Healthy Eyes Facts.”

Acta Ophthalmologica: “True polycoria or pseudo-polycoria?”

Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia: “Pupilloplasty in a patient with true polycoria: a case report. ”

American Academy of Ophthalmology: “Anisocoria,” “Heterochromia,” “Management of Traumatic Cataract,” “Ocular Trauma: Acute Evaluation, Cataract, Glaucoma.”

NIH Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center: “Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia,” “Heterochromia Iridis.”

National Organization for Rare Disorders: “Adie Syndrome,”
“Cat Eye Syndrome,” “Horner’s Syndrome.”

Mayo Clinic: “Optic Neuritis: Diagnosis & Treatment,” “Optic Neuritis: Symptoms & Causes,” “Retinoblastoma: Diagnosis & treatment,” “Retinoblastoma: Symptoms & causes.”

NHS Choices: “Charles Bonnet syndrome.”

U.S. National Library of Medicine Genetics Home Reference: “Ocular albinism.”

National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation: “Information Bulletin – What is Albinism?”

VisionAware: “Eye Health: Anatomy of the Eye.”

Genetics Home Reference: “Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy,” “Stargardt macular degeneration.”

American Foundation for the Blind: “Low Vision and Legal Blindness Terms and Descriptions. ”

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types, symptoms, diagnostic methods – health articles

Currently, a huge number of eye diseases are diagnosed. They differ not only in symptoms, but also in the causes of development, course features, possible complications and other signs. At the same time, eye diseases are combined by specialists into several groups depending on the damaged tissues.

Consider the main pathologies. Let’s look at their symptoms and methods of detection.

Forms of eye diseases, symptoms and diagnosis

Pathology of the optic nerve

Glaucoma

This disease occurs due to an increase in intraocular pressure, which leads to nerve dysfunction. Due to the pathological process, vision deteriorates. At the same time, glaucoma is dangerous because it can cause complete blindness. The disease progresses rapidly, so it is very important to consult a doctor in a timely manner at the first signs, which include the appearance of black spots, colored rings and other defects in the field of vision, blurred images, impaired lateral vision.

Ischemic neuropathy

This eye disease is associated with impaired blood circulation. Its symptoms include the appearance of blind spots, as well as a reduction in the viewing angle and a decrease in visual acuity.

Neuritis

This pathology is infectious. It is characterized by inflammation. The main signs of this eye disease are loss of sensitivity, weakened muscle function, and pain.

Nerve atrophy

With this pathology, there is a violation of the process of conducting excitation. As a result, the viewing angle is reduced and the ability to perceive colors is lost. Visual acuity gradually decreases, and over time, the patient may become blind.

Pathologies of the eyelids, orbits of the eyes and lacrimal canals

Blepharitis

This disease is characterized by inflammation, the spread of which is the edges of the eyelids. Patients complain of burning and redness, as well as tissue swelling. It may seem to the patient that a mote just got into the eye. At the same time, yellow becomes difficult to perceive. Additional symptoms of this eye disease are itching and special discharge, as well as pain, dryness of the edges of the eyelids and their peeling. After sleep, patients find scabs of pus on their eyelashes.

Cryptophthalmos

This pathology is rarely diagnosed and is characterized by fusion of the edges of the eyelids. Because of this, the eye gap narrows.

Lagophthalmos

This pathology is characterized by impaired closure of the eyelids. As a result of its development, the patient cannot close his eyes even during deep sleep.

Inversion of the eyelid

With this anomaly, the site of eyelash growth turns towards the orbit, which causes severe discomfort. With the development of pathology, the formation of ulcers on the surface of the cornea is possible.

Coloboma of the eyelid

In this eye disease, disturbances in the structure of the eyelid are noted. As a rule, patients also have other external defects: cleft lip, cleft palate, etc.

Edema of the eyelid

With this pathology, excess fluid accumulates in the tissues. The main signs also include general discomfort and redness of the skin. At the moment of touching the eyelids, the patient may experience pain.

Blepharospasm

This pathology is a symptom of a number of diseases. It is usually a contraction (involuntary) of the muscles.

Ptosis

In this condition, the upper eyelid droops. In some cases, the eyeball is completely blocked.

Barley

This eye disease is contagious. It is inflammatory in nature and proceeds with the release of pus. The main symptoms of barley include swelling of the eyelids, their peeling and redness. Severe pain usually occurs when you press on the formation. In the acute form of barley, patients complain of general signs of intoxication, which include fever, decreased performance, weakness, and headache.

Trichiasis

This eye disease in humans is caused by abnormal eyelash growth. Its main danger is that various microorganisms can easily enter the organs of vision. This provokes inflammatory processes and other pathologies.

Dacryocystitis

It is an infectious lesion of the lacrimal canal with its inflammation. The signs of the disease include pain, redness and swelling of the lacrimal sac, constant tearing and suppuration of the lacrimal canals.

Pathologies of the lacrimal system

Dacryoadenitis

Damage to the lacrimal glands occurs due to chronic pathologies or when an infection enters the body. Symptoms of this eye disease include swelling and redness of the eyelid. If the pathology is not treated, the inflammatory process will spread. In this case, the patient will already complain about general malaise, high fever and ulcers in the eye area.

Cancer of the lacrimal gland

The oncological process develops as a result of abnormal cell activity. A symptom of such a disease is pain in the eyes and head. These sensations are due to the fact that the tumor grows and begins to put pressure on the nerve tissue. In some cases, the pathology leads to difficult movement of the eyeball, a serious decrease in vision, severe edema.

Connective sheath pathologies

Xerophthalmia

This disease results in insufficient production of tears. Its causes include inflammation, tumors, injuries, taking certain medications. Older patients usually suffer from xerophthalmia.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammatory allergic, fungal or infectious process develops in the mucous membrane of the conjunctiva.

Tumors

Neoplasms of the conjunctiva are diagnosed quite often. The most common are pingueculae and pterygiums.

Lens pathology

Cataract

This disease is characterized by gradual clouding of the lens. Pathology develops rapidly, can affect one or both eyes. As a rule, it is diagnosed in elderly patients and is the result of natural changes in the body. In a group of young people, the disease occurs due to injuries and somatic disorders. The main symptoms include a drop in visual acuity, impaired color perception, and rapid eye fatigue.

Pathologies of the retina

Pigmentary degeneration (retinitis)

Retinitis is characterized by an inflammatory process on the retina. The cause of this eye disease is trauma, as well as prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Pigmentary dystrophy is manifested by double vision, a reduction in the field of view. The patient may note the presence of colored spots before the eyes and a deterioration in visual acuity at dusk.

Retinal detachment

This condition is one of the most dangerous, as it can cause complete loss of vision in a short time. Treatment is carried out mainly in an operative way and should be provided as soon as possible after the first symptoms of flaking appear. As a rule, patients complain of bright sparks in the field of vision, flashes, fog, and distortion of the shapes of surrounding objects.

Retinal angiopathy

This pathology is manifested by the destruction of eye vessels. Its causes can be injuries, high intraocular pressure, diabetes mellitus, etc. The symptoms of angiopathy include clouding in the eyes, flickering in the field of vision, its narrowing, distortion of the size and shape of visible objects. In severe cases, without proper therapy, the pathology leads to blindness.

Retinal dystrophy

This disease is dangerous because it leads to tissue death. If left untreated, it threatens with blindness.

Corneal pathologies

Keratitis

This inflammatory infection damages the cornea. As a result, infiltrates and opacities appear on it. The symptoms of this eye disease include redness of the mucous membrane, increased photosensitivity, loss of luster and smoothness of the cornea.

Belmo

This formation is the result of a scar on the cornea of ​​the eye. The cause of the thorn may be injury or inflammation.

Keratoconus

Degenerative process is a consequence of increased intraocular pressure. This leads to a change in the shape of the cornea. In pathology, patients complain of decreased vision, myopia, the appearance of a border around light sources.

Changes in refraction

Myopia (nearsightedness)

This disorder does not allow the patient to see well objects that are far away. The image in pathology is fixed in front of the retina, and not on it. In addition to low visual acuity, the signs of this eye disease are their rapid fatigue and pressing pains in the forehead and temples.

Hypermetropia (farsightedness)

This disorder is characterized by focusing of the image behind the retina. In this case, the patient does not see objects located nearby. The patient usually complains of blurred vision. Strabismus may also be present.

Astigmatism

Pathology is characterized by the impossibility of focusing light rays on the retina. Patients complain of double images, their blurring, eye fatigue, and headaches.

Other pathologies

This list includes: nystagmus, aniridia, anisocoria, exophthalmos, etc.

Diagnosis of eye diseases is prescribed and carried out by an ophthalmologist. As a rule, the identification of pathologies begins with the definition of symptoms. After that, visometry (visual examination using tables) and autorefractometry (determination of clinical refraction) are performed.

The popular methods of instrumental diagnosis of eye diseases include :

• Tonometry – determination of intraocular pressure
• Computer perimetry (detection of the boundaries of the visual fields). The technique allows you to measure the volume of the visual field and identify changes in the optic nerve and retina
• Ultrasound of the eye. This diagnostic is used to assess the state of the contents of the orbit and the main eye media, as well as the blood supply to the organs of vision
• OCT (optical coherence tomography), which allows you to detect the smallest anomalies and diseases of the retina, cornea and optic nerve in the early stages
• Keratotopography – an examination performed to assess the sphericity of the cornea and measure its refractive power

Modern diagnostics reveals all known types of eye diseases. It is only important to carry it out as early as possible in order to prevent the development of complications.

Benefits of contacting MEDSI

• Highly qualified doctors . Our ophthalmologists have the necessary knowledge and skills to detect and treat eye diseases. The Center employs recognized experts in the field of ophthalmology
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Do not delay treatment, see a doctor right now:

• Ophthalmologist appointment
• Treatment of glaucoma
• Eyelid ptosis treatment
• Treatment of eyelid trichiasis
• Cataract treatment
• Treatment of retinal detachment

Frequent eye diseases | Treatment of cataracts, glaucoma, pediatric ophthalmology

We will try to present the 5 most common

1. MYOPIA (MYOPIA)

The main cause of the disease is:
– Heredity (If the parents of the child suffer from myopia, the chance of inheritance is from 40 to 50%)
– Eye fatigue (Mainly at work, with prolonged sedentary work behind the monitor). Do not let yourself spend a long time in front of the monitor, take breaks and do eye exercises during breaks
2. AGE-SPECIFIC PRESBYOPIA (PRESBYOPIA)

Age-related farsightedness occurs at the age of approximately 40-50 years
The main symptom is the inability to clearly distinguish information close to the eyes.
The reason for this is the inability of the lens to correctly change the curvature of the focal length, which causes clouding of the picture.
This category of diseases is not hereditary, but only age-related.
The basis of the treatment of this disease is spectacle correction

3. CATARACT

Perhaps the most unpleasant eye disease.
Cataract is also the most dangerous of eye diseases and can lead to complete blindness of the eye. The age risk group of the disease correlates at the age of 40 and above, but in 90% it occurs in elderly people. The disease manifests itself in the form of clouding of the lens of the eye, due to which the eye is not able to focus visible objects normally, Weak color reproduction, clouding. In principle, the problems associated with a disease such as a cataract are solved relatively easily in our time, because the disease does not carry any connecting complications, you just need to replace the lens in the eye, which is professionally quickly and efficiently, as well as painlessly done by the specialists of our clinic.
The operation takes from 15 to 20 minutes, after which your vision returns!
4. GLAUCOMA

Another disease of old age associated with increased intraocular pressure.
Intraocular pressure can be variable or constant, such behavior of the disease worsens
visual acuity, leads to atrophy of the optic nerve, in the worst case, to blindness.
Unfortunately, at the moment, glaucoma is considered incurable, but this does not mean at all that this is a verdict.