Symptoms, Stages, Causes, Treatment, Contagiousness

What Is a Staph Infection of the Skin?

A staph infection is caused by a Staphylococcus (or “staph”) bacteria. Actually, about 25% of people normally carry staph in the nose, mouth, genitals, or anal area, and don’t have symptoms of an infection. The foot is also very prone to picking up bacteria from the floor. The infection often begins with a little cut, which gets infected with bacteria. This can look like honey-yellow crusting on the skin.

These staph infections range from a simple boil to antibiotic-resistant infections to flesh-eating infections. The difference between all these is the strength of the infection, how deep it goes, how fast it spreads, and how treatable it is with antibiotics. The antibiotic-resistant infections are more common in North America, because of our overuse of antibiotics.

One type of staph infection that involves skin is called cellulitis and affects the skin’s deeper layers. It is treatable with antibiotics.

This type of infection is very common in the general population — and more common and more severe in people with weak immune systems. People who have diabetes or weakened immunity are particularly prone to developing cellulitis.

What Are the Symptoms of a Staph Infection of the Skin?

Staph cellulitis usually begins as a small area of tenderness, swelling, and redness. Sometimes it begins with an open sore. Other times, there is no obvious break in the skin at all.

The signs of cellulitis are those of any inflammation — redness, warmth, swelling, and pain. Any skin sore or ulcer that has these signs may be developing cellulitis. If the staph infection spreads, the person may develop a fever, sometimes with chills and sweats, as well as swelling in the area.

Other staph infections of the skin include impetigo, a painful rash that is contagious, boils, and in babies and young children, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, which causes rash, blisters, and fever.

What’s the Treatment for a Staph Infection?

Antibiotics are used to treat staph infections. But there’s been a gradual change in how well these antibiotics work. While most staph infections used to be treatable with penicillin, stronger antibiotics are now used.

In about 50% of cases, however, resistance is seen to even these stronger antibiotics. These cases are no longer just happening in hospitals — as once was true — but now are occurring in the general community. That’s been a problem. Many doctors are accustomed to using certain antibiotics, but those then fail because of antibiotic resistance. There are several more potent antibiotics now, but doctors need to know when to use them to prevent further antibiotic resistance.

There’s another treatment sometimes used with staph infections. If the infection goes so deep that it involves muscles or fibers that enclose muscles, it needs to be surgically cleaned.

Can Staph Infections Be Prevented?

A couple of recent outbreaks among football players began when one team member had a boil and the infection was spread to other team members. You can take steps to help prevent staph infections. Any time you have a cut or skin breakdown, wash it with soap and water, over-the- counter hypochlorous acid or chlorhexadine, keep it clean and dry, and keep it covered. A diluted bleach bath twice a week may be helpful to prevent staph skin infections.

A staph infection is contagious if the wound is weeping or draining and if people share towels or other items that are contaminated. Wearing foot coverings in locker rooms and other commonly used areas can help prevent contamination.

If the sore becomes unusually painful or red, get prompt medical attention. If red lines develop, that’s a sign the infection is spreading and needs immediate medical attention.

Staphylococcus aureus – golden staph

Staphylococcus aureus, or S. aureus, is a common bacterium that lives on the skin or in the nose. It is also called golden staph. In most situations, S. aureus is harmless. However, if it enters the body through a cut in the skin, it can cause a range of mild to severe infections, which may cause death in some cases.

How golden staph is spread

Golden staph is commonly carried on the skin or in the nose of healthy people. Around two to three out of every tenpeople carry the bacterium in their noses. This is known as ‘colonisation’ – the bacteria are present, but do not cause infection. The armpits (axilla), groin and under skin folds are other places golden staph likes to inhabit.

Golden staph can be spread by skin-on-skin contact or by touching contaminated surfaces. Poor personal hygiene and not covering open wounds can lead to infection with golden staph. Thorough hand washing and good housekeeping, such as damp dusting, are important as golden staph is part of our environment.

Infections caused by golden staph

Common infections caused by golden staph include:

• boils and abscesses – infections of the skin
• impetigo (school sores) – a highly contagious, crusty skin infection that may affect newborn babies and schoolchildren.

More serious infections include:

• meningitis – infection of the membranes lining the brain
• osteomyelitis – infection of the bone and bone marrow
• pneumonia – infection of one or both lungs
• septic phlebitis – infection of a vein
• endocarditis – infection of the heart valves.

Drug-resistant strains of golden staph

A bacterial infection consists of countless individual bacteria. Most infections caused by golden staph are treatable with antibiotics. However, there is a strong possibility that a few bacteria will survive a course of antibiotics, perhaps due to a gene mutation. The antibiotic-resistant golden staph bacteria that remain then flourish, since they no longer have to compete for resources with the rest of the colony.

Resistant strains of golden staph are known as multi-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Unnecessary or excessive use of antibiotics encourages drug-resistant strains. The overuse of disinfectants in general can also lead to drug resistance. In most cases, good cleaning or washing with soap and warm water is enough.

Antibiotic resistance is a serious public health problem

Before antibiotics, a severe infection was fatal for many people. Penicillin was effective in treating golden staph until the bacterium became resistant. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, new antibiotics such as methicillin and vancomycin were developed, which successfully treated golden staph infections.

Methicillin-resistant strains of golden staph evolved in the 1970s and have troubled hospitals worldwide with persistent infections in patients. A vancomycin-resistant strain of golden staph emerged in Japan, and strains with partial resistance to vancomycin have been found in the USA, Australia and other countries.

Infection in hospitals

Hospital patients are more likely to be infected by golden staph because of surgical or other wounds. These people can become seriously ill if their golden staph infections resist treatment from most types of antibiotics, and they may require isolation from other patients.

Standard hygiene practices undertaken by hospital staff include:

• always washing hands when they are soiled for any reason
• using an alcohol-based hand rub solution (with or without chlorhexidine) between patients when taking observations (such as pulse and temperature), bed making or performing other similar duties
• washing hands before, and after, performing procedures on patients
• wearing gloves, gowns and masks (if necessary)
• handling used equipment and laundry with care
• isolating infected patients when required
• thoroughly cleaning all surfaces.

Golden staph infections with resistant strains are becoming more common in the community, including among people who have not been in hospital recently (within the past year) or had a medical procedure (such as dialysis, surgery or catheters).

These infections are called ‘community-acquiredgolden staph or ‘community-acquired MRSA’. These are similar, but different to strains of golden staph found in hospitals, and can cause mild to severe infections.

Preventing the spread of golden staph
Since golden staph is easily spread by contaminated hands, strict hygiene practices are needed, such as hand washing with soap and warm water, as well as good housekeeping.

Cover all open wounds with a waterproof occlusive dressing until healed.

The use of alcohol-based hand rub solutions in ‘clean’ situations when hands are visibly clean, particularly when water is not immediately available, may be useful when travelling or at a picnic, for example. These solutions are not necessary in the home or work situation.

There are some situations when alcohol-based hand rub solutions should never be used – for example, instead of washing after going to the toilet. Hands should be washed with soap and warm water and dried.

Long-term prevention of golden staph

Worldwide measures need to be taken to prevent new resistant strains of S. aureus from emerging. Experts propose:

• a more conservative approach to using antibiotics
• the use of narrow-spectrum rather than broad-spectrum antibiotics
• limiting the use of antibiotics like vancomycin
• maintaining or upgrading hygiene practices in hospitals and the community
• good infection prevention and control measures, such as hand washing
• developing new lines of antibiotics that are effective against golden staph.

Where to get help

Things to remember

• Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common bacterium that lives on the skin and in some people’s noses.
• Golden staph can cause a range of mild to severe infections.
• Excessive use of antibiotics has led to drug-resistant strains of S. aureus (MRSA).

How to Treat Staph Infections in Kids

A staph infection is an infection caused by bacteria (staphylococcus) that lives naturally on our skin surfaces.

Mostly, the bacteria live on our skin and are harmless. The problem arises when the skin is broken or cracked. When that happens, the bacteria can enter the wound and can cause an infection to occur.

Signs and Symptoms of Staph Infections:

Staph infections can show up in different ways. Here are the six most common conditions caused by staph bacteria.

1. Boils. A boil is a pocket of pus that develops in a hair follicle or oi glans. The skin around a boil is usually red and/or swollen.
2. Impetigo. Impetigo is a painful, contagious rash that sometimes forms around the lips or chin. It appears as oozing blisters that cause drainage, and honey-colored crust will then form.
3. Stye. A stye is a red, warm, sometimes painful lump around the eye or near the eyelid.
4. Cellulitis. Cellulitis is an infection in the deep layers of the skin. It often appears as a red and swollen area on your skin. The area may spread and sometimes is accompanied by a fever and pain.
5. MRSA. Also known as Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, MRSA is a staph bacterium resistant to antibiotics normally used to treat staph infections. This makes this infection harder to treat, but it will usually heal with good care.
6. Scalded Skin Syndrome. This most often occurs in newborns and children under five years of age. Most children will make a full recovery if treated properly.

Are Staph Infections Contagious?

Staph infections can be contagious. They spread by touching a shared, contaminated surface or person-to-person, especially in a group living situation or by sharing towels, bed linens, or clothing. A staph infection can also spread from one area of the body to another.

How to Treat a Staph Infection

Most staph infections can be treated at home by doing the following as soon as you notice a symptom:

1. Soak the area with warm water and apply a warm compress for up to 20 minutes at a time, 3-4 times a day. I
2. Your doctor may recommend an antibiotic cream. If so, apply and cover with a clean dressing or band-aid.
3. Pain relievers can be used.

When to Call the Doctor

Please consult your doctor if multiple people in the home have infections, or if they seem to be spreading. Likewise, if a minor infection gets worse or your child develops a fever, call a doctor.

The information and content on our website should not be used as a substitute for medical treatment or advice from your doctor.

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Tags: pediatrician Franklin, Skin Condition, Staph Infection

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staph infection in eye contagious

There is a ball type feel to it on the outside and the inside of the eyelid has a light shape to it, like a healing sore. The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs. The infection is caused by the staphylococcus bacteria and may be easily treated once detected; however, prevention is always better than treatment. A highly contagious skin condition in which crusts form over the skin due to Staph infection. A person with staph infection is contagious until the bacteria is completely out of their body, and any wounds from the infection are healed. Pictures Of Eye Infections. Staph infection may be prevented through good hygiene and sanitation measures. wrestling, through contact in locker rooms, or by sharing any equipment. It looks like an abscessed insect bite, with a red rash. Urinary Tract Infection Contagious. My 19 year old daughter has been diagnosed with a throat staph infection 3 times in the last 4 months. A staphylococcal infection is a common bacterial skin infection. Ortis media or middle ear infection is the main problem that most will experience. The infections appear as small boils on the skin, which are often red, swollen and painful. Unfortunately, they are also very contagious and touching contaminated objects can be enough for you to develop an infection. These infections are usually minor and can be treated with antibiotics. Read more: Is a Staph Infection Contagious? Is A Staph Infection Contagious. “It’s not just an eye opener, it’s a tool for preventive health; one of many more to come”. There are several types of bacteria that affect birds, but the most common are E.coli, Citrobacter, Strep and Staph. Is Cellulitis Infection Contagious? A staph infection is caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Infection of the lungs can lead to the formation of abscess in the lungs and damage to the lungs. The child has a fever, rash, and sometimes blisters. Answer: Gently scrubbing your eyelids with a clean cloth soaked in warm water three to four times a day can help. Symptoms come on quickly, usually within hours of eating a contaminated food. Collect a sample for testing. Staph infections – staph infection treatment and symptoms Staph infection in the eye Is pneumonia contagious when on antibiotics Staph is the shortened name for Staphylococcus (staf-uh-low-KAH-kus), a type of bacteria. Recently I had an eye doctor visit and was told it was a staph infection. Infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus is the most common. The following information has been provided by Dr. Signs and symptoms of staph infections depend on the affected organ of the body. The Staphylococcus bacteria is one of the more commonly transmitted infections, passing easily from animal to animal and in some cases from animal to human. Well, it is possible that your kid didn’t hear the other kid good or your kid hasn’t tell you the sentence as it was said because staph infection is highly contagious! Shutterstock.com. An eye infection can cause runny, teary eyes. Bacterial or viral pink eye is highly contagious, but many symptoms are similar to allergies. The bacteria can survive outside their host and can survive in inanimate objects such as handkerchief, pillowcases and towels. In general, it is not necessary to close entire facilities to “disinfect” them when MRSA infections occur. Urinary Tract Infection Over The Counter Treatment. Below you will find a large collection of MRSA pictures and Staph infections pictures. Staph infections are caused by a group of bacteria called Staphylococci [].. Some of the most common staph infection symptoms that affect the skin can include: Developing an abscess that causes redness, swelling and pain: These can be in the form of a visible boil, infected hair follicle (which looks like an ingrown hair) or a bump that look like a cystic acne pimple. Since staph infection is caused by a group of bacteria that can affect different organs of the body, the signs and symptoms of the condition also vary. It is common to see the spread of staph in contact sports; i.e. It is typically filled with pus and resembles a small boil or pimple. What is a bacterial infection? This occurs 48 hours to 30 days following surgery or injury of the skin. staph infection Staphylococcus (from the ???? – Experience. Whether or not you know you have been exposed to staph, see your doctor if you develop an irritated red skin rash, especially one that features puss-filled blisters. Unfortunately, if the stye is caused by a staph infection (which is common), that is almost always contagious. However, sometimes they get inside the body through a break in the skin and cause an infection. It causes redness, swelling, and, in some cases, oozing ulcers on the skin. They can be itchy, sore, and painful and are also very unsightly. Bacterial pink eye is highly contagious and is typically treated with antibiotic eye drops. The reaction is a bacterial infection that … MRSA skin infections are transmitted primarily by skin-to-skin contact and by contact with surfaces that have come into contact with someone else’s infection. In most situations, S. aureus is harmless. Staph infections can range from minor skin problems to life-threatening situations like endocarditis.. The staph infection is a skin infection that may be transmitted from a carrier pet to a healthy one. These are the home remedies for staph infection. After many surgeries and multiple antibiotics, he is still battling this infection. Yes: Ear pain in flight is caused when air pressure stretches the ear drum. Like other staph infections, MRSA typically begins as a skin infection. Once there, it can cause an infection. Staphylococcus bacteria can survive extreme temperature, dry environment and even exposure to salt. This bacteria affects in the area of skin, nose, genital, mouth of the babies or toddlers. Is staph eye infection contagious? The staph bacteria can even be transmitted through person-to-person contact, including clothes. Staph bacteria can spread to others through: close skin contact MRSA from the community can also cause sinus infections, eye … Fever is uncommon.. These infections are not contagious and only affect the eye that suffered the trauma. Eye infections will usually pass without having done any real harm, but they should not be treated with complacency. So what can you do to treat your dog and keep him comfortable? Staphylococcus aureus, or S. aureus, is a common bacterium that lives on the skin or in the nose. It is also called golden staph. Itching, redness, watery discharge, burning, and dry eyes are common, but there are distinct differences. Invasive staph infections Staph infections are caused by the Staphylococcus bacteria that are found in the nose and on the … Between 20–80% of humans carry S. aureus within their nasal passages. Staph infection is contagious for as long as it is left untreated. Staph infection may be prevented through good hygiene and sanitation measures. Staph infections can cause illness directly by infection or indirectly More MRSA MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria causes skin infections An individual with an eye infection can develop a swollen eyelid, while the stye is characterized by a pimple-like bump. Impetigo is a common and very contagious skin infection, usually caused by the Staphylococcus aureus, or “staph” bacteria. A doctor will determine if you have bacterial conjunctivitis, viral conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and suggest the most appropriate treatment course. Usually, staph bacteria don’t cause any harm. Mercer is also described with phrases like “Staph Superbug” and “MRSA Staph infection“. Normally, certain types of staph bacteria can live on your body without causing harm. Dec 11 2013. Quickly if treated: If it is a skin staph infection, with appropriate topical and /or systemic antibiotics the infection will typically clear within 7-14 days. Staph infections or staphylococcal infections refer to the invasions of areas in the body by staphylococcal organisms. Eye infections are caused by viral, bacterial or microbiological agent’s effect on the eye. It is typically due to either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. There are three kinds of pink eye, and not all types are contagious. It is usually caused by staphylococci (“staph”) or streptococci (“strep”) bacteria that commonly live on the skin or inner surface of the nose or mouth of healthy people. What Is a Staph Infection? If the eye infection is in both eyes (usually viral), then the condition is probably contagious. Send thanks to the doctor Dr. James Gagne answered It can be contagious to the whole body and cause other infections. If it comes in contact with the surface of the eye, Staphylococcus aureus can cause bacterial conjunctivitis, or pink eye. The bacteria that cause staph infections live harmlessly on many people’s skin, often in the nose and armpits and on the buttocks. It often starts with an infection that impacts the throat or the nose before moving to the ear. Rob Marshall, Avian Vet. More than two million people in … This infection can be found in any breed of cat, and at any age. The lesions may be painful or itchy. It is a common eye infection that spreads in schools among small … But serious cases may require powerful medicines. Keep an eye on cuts and bruises on your child’s body. “Staph” is short for Staphylococcus, a type of bacteria.There are over thirty different types of staph bacteria, but Staphylococcus aureus causes the most infections. A hug probably won’t spread it, but being in contact with someone’s leaking impetigo can spread it to another person’s skin. These microorganisms are generally found on the human skin.And usually, they do not cause any problems [].But sometimes, they can cause skin infections, which in turn, can bring pain, redness, and inflammation of the skin []. Staph infections can be contagious, but not in the kind of way that you are thinking of. Constantly touching the eyes with dirty hands, wearing dirty contact lenses or using expired cosmetic products increases the chance of getting a stye. Staph infections on the skin include impetigo, wound infection, cellulitis and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS). Staph Infection. Related Topics : eye health. You cannot see it with the naked eye. It is caused by staphylococcus bacteria and can result in many diseases such as food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, boils, impetigo, and cellulitis. Cellulitis is not directly contagious in nature as it is an infection of the tissues lying underneath the outer layer of the skin. The lesions may be painful or itchy. -timey mental institution Staph infection symptoms. Skin-to-skin contact with someone who carries staph bacteria along with sharing personal items are the two most common ways that bacteria are passed between patients. You can also contract a staph eye infection by sharing eye makeup, towels or bed linens with an infected person, and through physical contact. Is A Staph Infection Contagious. Sepsis, which is an infection of the bloodstream, and one of the most dangerous forms of staph infection. Prevention of Staph Infection. Common community infection types. > Staph Infection > What Causes Staph Infections. Source: CDC MRSA photos Overview. Impetigo. They usually only cause an infection if they get into the skin – for example, through a bite or cut. There are many species of Staph bacteria. MRSA is a mutated form of Staph bacteria. 2) present with a red eye and are highly contagious.Assessment should include checking visual acuity and examination with a torch or slit lamp. … pneumonia or infection of heart valves. Staphylococcus infections are common bacterial infections. What Is a Staph Infection? It is a representative of the gram-positive bacteria which can cause many serious infections. Other tests. A “staph infection” (pronounced “staff” infection) is caused by Staphylococcus bacteria. An eye stye, also called a hordeolum or sty, is a common eye condition that causes a painful, red bump on the inside or outside of the eyelid. Staph infection in dogs is a serious medical condition that warrants prompt medical treatment.Staph infections in both humans and dogs can usually be treated sufficiently with a round of antibiotics, but because some strains of staph infections can be life-threatening, many dog owners wonder if this type of infection can be transmitted to humans. During the exam, your doctor will closely examine any skin lesions you may have. If you live in a multi-cat household, be aware that staph infection is contagious to a degree. Fluorescein drops should be instilled in the conjunctival sac and the eye viewed with the cobalt blue light of the slit lamp or fundoscope, to rule out any signs of corneal ulceration or infection (Fig. Staph infection may be prevented through good hygiene and sanitation measures. The staph infection can also spread by touching those things that have staph bacteria. Most of the time, minor staph infections can be successfully eliminated. The most common presentation is yellowish crusts on the face, arms, or legs. So, symptoms can be quite similar to getting a cold or having the flu. A staph infection of the organs which can cause cystitis, encephalitis, osteomyelitis, discospondylitis, and metritis. Contact a Doctor for Medical Treatment of Eye Infections. A minor skin infection is often treated with warm soaks and basic wound care, including a bandage. Staph is knownas Staphylococcus which is one type of bacteria. Uncovering Infection Making sure that any infection is diagnosed is key, both because of the potential for damage to the eye and the possibility of the infection being contagious. Staphylococcus, also known as staph, is a group of bacteria responsible for causing different kinds of diseases. The wound could also ooze out pus or fluid. Staph bacteria are one of the most common causes of skin infections in the United States. Bacterial pink eye is often caused by exposure to the same bacteria that causes a staph infection or strep throat, according to the National Eye Institute. More than two million people in … All of these phrases refer to the same infection and medical condition. There are many different bacteria that cause keratitis. Skin infections can move inside the body and be much more dangerous. Staph Infection in Dogs and how you can help. They spread by touching a shared, contaminated surface or person-to-person, especially in a group living situation or by sharing towels, bed linens, or clothing. Staph infection spread in a variety of ways, including: Skin infection: Staph infection on the skin occur when someone comes into contact with the Staphylococcus bacteria. Staph bacteria are one of the most common causes of skin infections in the U.S. Septic arthritis, or a staph infection in joints, which is marked by redness, fever, and joint pain. However, if it enters the body through a cut in the skin, it can cause a range of mild to severe infections, which may cause death in some cases. The staph infection is a skin infection that may be transmitted from a carrier pet to a healthy one. This type is also very contagious. There are several types of mange or mite infestation in animals. When we get a cut or some break in our skin, staph is often the bacteria that causes an infection to that area of skin. Cabin pressure pushes air out of the ear space during take off and has difficulty returning during landing.During an ear infection, mucous & pus replace the air.Cabin pressures seldom alter that fluid so kids with ear fluid or infections often do very well. It can spread in environments where there are many people working together closely. This infection is highly contagious and needs to be treated with antibiotics. MRSA skin infections are transmitted primarily by skin-to-skin contact and by contact with surfaces that have come into contact with someone else’s infection. Picture 6: Impetigo. One of the most common canine … There are more than 30 types of staph organisms that can make people quite ill. Contact with some who is later diagnosed with staph warrants a call to your doctor on what to look for. It happens as we tend to share our stuff or supplies with one another.

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Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)

Conjunctivitis can start with an itchy eye that may then become watery and painful. As your eye gets red and puffy, it can be time to seek help from your doctor.

Conjunctivitis, which is commonly known as “pink eye,” is an infection of the conjunctiva, the thin covering of the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelid. Conjunctivitis is highly contagious and spreads quickly from person to person. It commonly affects young children in daycare and older kids in school.   

The condition is transmitted through contact when someone touches their infected eye, likely rubbing or wiping away discharge, then touching someone else. Or a person may become exposed by touching surfaces like a desk, keyboard or cell phone used by an infected individual.

Types of Conjunctivitis

There are three types of conjunctivitis – viral, bacterial and allergic

Viral conjunctivitis is extremely contagious and may accompany other common viral infections like the measles, chicken pox or the mumps. The incubation period from exposure to onset is between five to 12 days. Symptoms include:

• Water discharge (tearing)
• Extreme redness and swelling, usually in one eye
• Inability to open eye
• Itchy eyes
• Light sensitivity
• Blurred vision or difficulty seeing

Bacterial conjunctivitis can be caused by several common bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Like conjunctivitis caused by a virus, bacterial conjunctivitis is equally contagious with an incubation period of up to 14 days. Symptoms include:

• Redness and swelling of eyelids
• Itchy eyes
• Yellowish discharge
• Light sensitivity
• Pain or burning sensation in eyes

Allergic conjunctivitis is caused by exposure to allergens such as pollen, mold, dust, animal dander, or chemicals like perfume or cleaning agents. The symptoms are similar to those for viral and bacterial conjunctivitis, but it is not contagious.

Treatment for Conjunctivitis

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a doctor can prescribe an anti-viral medication to treat viral conjunctivitis. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses. Without treatment, the infection may clear up within about two weeks – and in some cases as long as three weeks.

For a bacterial infection, an antibiotic may be prescribed as eye drops or an ointment. Treatment with antibiotics can reduce the likelihood the infection would be spread to others, shorten the duration and lessen the risk of complications. It can take between five days to two weeks to resolve without treatment.

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References:

MedicineNet
https://www.medicinenet.com/is_pinkeye_contagious/article.htm#what_is_pinkeye

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/treatment. html

Merck Manual
https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/eye-disorders/conjunctival-and-scleral-disorders/viral-conjunctivitis

Staphylococcal Infections: MedlinePlus

What are Staphylococcal (staph) infections?

Staphylococcus (staph) is a group of bacteria. There are more than 30 types. A type called Staphylococcus aureus causes most infections.

Staph bacteria can cause many different types of infections, including

• Skin infections, which are the most common types of staph infections
• Bacteremia, an infection of the bloodstream. This can lead to sepsis, a very serious immune response to infection.
• Bone infections
• Endocarditis, an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves
• Food poisoning
• Pneumonia
• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS), a life-threatening condition caused by toxins from certain types of bacteria

What causes staph infections?

Some people carry staph bacteria on their skin or in their noses, but they do not get an infection. But if they get a cut or wound, the bacteria can enter the body and cause an infection.

Staph bacteria can spread from person to person. They can also spread on objects, such as towels, clothing, door handles, athletic equipment, and remotes. If you have staph and do not handle food properly when you are preparing it, you can also spread staph to others.

Who is at risk for staph infections?

Anyone can develop a staph infection, but certain people are at greater risk, including those who

• Have a chronic condition such as diabetes, cancer, vascular disease, eczema, and lung disease
• Have a weakened immune system, such as from HIV/AIDS, medicines to prevent organ rejection, or chemotherapy
• Had surgery
• Use a catheter, breathing tube, or feeding tube
• Are on dialysis
• Inject illegal drugs
• Do contact sports, since you may have skin-to-skin contact with others or share equipment

What are the symptoms of staph infections?

The symptoms of a staph infection depend on the type of infection:

• Skin infections can look like pimples or boils. They may be red, swollen, and painful. Sometimes there is pus or other drainage. They can turn into impetigo, which turns into a crust on the skin, or cellulitis, a swollen, red area of skin that feels hot.
• Bone infections can cause pain, swelling, warmth, and redness in the infected area. You may also have chills and a fever.
• Endocarditis causes some flu-like symptoms: fever, chills, and fatigue. It also causes symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup in your arms or legs.
• Food poisoning typically causes nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and a fever. If you lose too many fluids, you may also become dehydrated.
• Pneumonia symptoms include a high fever, chills, and cough that doesn’t get better. You may also have chest pain and shortness of breath.
• Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) causes high fever, sudden low blood pressure, vomiting, diarrhea, and confusion. You may have a sunburn-like rash somewhere on your body. TSS can lead to organ failure.

How are staph infections diagnosed?

Your health care provider will do a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Often, providers can tell if you have a staph skin infection by looking at it. To check for other types of staph infections, providers may do a culture, with a skin scraping, tissue sample, stool sample, or throat or nasal swabs. There may be other tests, such as imaging tests, depending on the type of infection.

What are the treatments for staph infections?

Treatment for staph infections is antibiotics. Depending on the type of infection, you may get a cream, ointment, medicines (to swallow), or intravenous (IV). If you have an infected wound, your provider might drain it. Sometimes you may need surgery for bone infections.

Some staph infections, such as MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), are resistant to many antibiotics. There are still certain antibiotics that can treat these infections.

Can staph infections be prevented?

Certain steps can help to prevent staph infections:

• Use good hygiene, including washing your hands often
• Don’t share towels, sheets, or clothing with someone who has a staph infection
• It’s best not to share athletic equipment. If you do need to share, make sure that it properly cleaned and dried before you use it.
• Practice food safety, including not preparing food for others when you have a staph infection
• If you have a cut or wound, keep it covered

Common Misconceptions About Pink Eye

Pink eye, medically known as conjunctivitis, is a common childhood ailment. Unfortunately, misinformation about this condition often increases the risk of disease transmission, complicates diagnosis, and discourages patients from seeking treatment.

It’s important for adults, especially parents, to be able to distinguish between the facts and fiction of conjunctivitis to prevent the spread of common myths.

1. All Types of Pink Eye Are Contagious

One of the most common and most harmful misconceptions about pink eye is that there’s only one, highly contagious type. Pink eye actually has numerous causes, including allergies, exposure to chemical fumes, advanced dry eye, and infections.

Pink eye caused by an infection may result from a virus, usually an adenovirus or herpes virus, or from bacteria. Only bacterial pink eye is contagious. An eye doctor can determine the cause of the condition and let you know whether or not you’re contagious.

Even with bacterial pink eye, patients can usually return to school or work one day after starting antibiotic treatment.

2. Any Pinkness Points to Pink Eye

Many individuals believe that any pink or red discoloration in the eye area indicates the presence of pink eye. However, the term “pink eye” applies only to coloration changes of the eyeball itself. Redness around the eye, which may be referred to as “red eye,” is not necessarily related to pink eye.

Often, red eye results from eyeball injuries, like corneal abrasions. In certain serious cases, redness around the eye comes from an infection in the eye socket or the progression of glaucoma. If you experience both pink and red eye simultaneously or experience persistent red eye, consult with an optometrist.

3. Conjunctivitis Only Affects Children

Pink eye is particularly common among children. However, pink eye can affect anyone. The high rate of infection among children usually results from kids not taking the same precautions against the condition as adults.

To protect yourself and your children against pink eye, always wash up before handling anything that comes close to your eyes, like contact lenses. Additionally, avoid sharing eyeliner, contact lenses, and contact solution to reduce the risk of infection.

4. Crude Pranks Can Cause Pink Eye

Bacterial pink eye can occur due to exposure to a number of different bacteria, including staph. Some types of bacteria that can lead to pink eye are found naturally in the human body. For example, staph can live in the nose, so a child who picks his or her nose could unwittingly transfer the bacteria to the eye area.

These bacteria can also be found in fecal matter, and this fact has led to the myth that if someone were to release gas onto a pillowcase, a person who uses the pillowcase later will contract pink eye.

However, flatulence is primarily methane gas and does not contain bacteria. Additionally, bacteria die quickly outside the body, so unless someone laid down on the pillowcase immediately after it had been exposed to bacteria, the sleeper would be at no risk for pink eye.

5. Infection Can Happen at First Sight

One of the most persistent myths about pink eye is that an infected individual can transmit the disease with a single glance. However, no disease can be passed via eye contact, including pink eye.

This myth can also include the idea that being in a large group of people makes it easier for pink eye to spread. However, because no type of pink eye is airborne, being in a crowd does not significantly raise the risk of contracting pink eye.

6. Objects That Come in Close Contact Must Go

When you notice discoloration of your eye, your first response may be to get rid of anything that came close to the eye area, including bed linens, beauty tools, and clothing items. This drastic measure is rarely necessary.

Your eye doctor may recommend getting rid of your contact lenses and any contaminated contact solution, as well as eyeliner and mascara used while your eye was affected. He or she may also suggest that you wash the linens and clothes you’ve used recently to kill any lingering bacteria.

However, if your pink eye is caused by allergies or exposure to irritants, you may simply need to stop wearing contact lenses and eye makeup until the inflammation subsides.

7. Pink Eye Can Cause Blindness

While pink eye can be embarrassing and uncomfortable, the condition is not dangerous on its own. In fact, many cases of pink eye go away without treatment in one to two weeks.

If you experience unusual symptoms, consult with an eye health professional to determine whether the pink eye is related to or contributing to a more serious condition. These serious symptoms may include fever, rash, persistent headache, nausea, or changes in eye discharge.

If you have questions about inflammation of your or your child’s eye, see an eye doctor as soon as possible. Visit the All About Eyes location nearest you to receive a diagnosis and recommendations based on your symptoms.

90,000 Treatment of staphylococcal conjunctivitis – Ochkov.net encyclopedia

Staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci are types of bacteria that, when ingested, cause various diseases. They can be the culprit and eye ailments, such as conjunctivitis. In most cases, bacterial infections are acute and require immediate treatment.

What causes staphylococcal conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis are diseases of the connective membrane that are inflammatory.There are many reasons for the development of these ailments. They can be conditionally divided into two groups: direct and indirect. The first includes bacteria, fungi, viruses,

allergens. The form of the course and the method of treating the disease depend on them. The second group of reasons includes disposing factors, the presence of which significantly increases the risk of developing an ophthalmic disease of bacterial etiology. These factors include:

• weak immunity;

90,015 eye injuries and ingestion of foreign objects;

• dry eye syndrome;
• refractive errors: myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism;

90,015 contact lenses;

• blepharitis;
• bacterial infections of ENT organs.

Very often conjunctivitis develops in people with impaired lacrimal fluid outflow. It has several functions, one of which is antibacterial. Microbes that enter the eyes are washed away with tears. With inadequate production of tear fluid and persistent dryness in the eyes, the risk of infection increases. Often, bacterial conjunctivitis is diagnosed in pregnant women against the background of hormonal disruptions and a weakened immune system.

Despite the presence of a large number of predisposing factors, the disease arises only as a result of a direct effect on the mucous membrane of a pathogen, for example, staphylococcus bacteria, if we talk about bacterial conjunctivitis. A person can bring a microbe into the eye with dirty hands, using someone else’s towels, bathing in a pond with water that does not meet sanitary and hygienic requirements. In other words, in most cases, infection is the result of poor hygiene. Weak immunity exacerbates the situation and allows bacteria to attack the body more aggressively. For the same reasons, streptococcal, pneumococcal, gonococcal and other types of conjunctivitis of bacterial etiology arise.

How is staphylococcal conjunctivitis manifested?

points are almost impossible. Cramps appear in the eyes, lacrimation begins. On the conjunctiva, discharge of a mucous or purulent nature is noticed. On the first or second day of illness, there are still few of them, but subsequently it becomes more and more. They accumulate in the conjunctival sac and drain through the lower edge of the eyelid. During the night, the discharge dries up, which leads to sticking of the eyelashes. The eye cannot be opened without using the hands. All these signs disturb the patient for 1-2 weeks. If treatment for streptococcal conjunctivitis is started immediately, symptoms will disappear and the patient will fully recover.

In the absence of adequate therapy, the disease flows into a chronic form. It develops slowly. Moments of deterioration and improvement alternate. During the period of temporary disappearance of symptoms, patients often abandon treatment. Because of this, complete recovery does not occur. The patient is worried about the same symptoms as in acute staphylococcal conjunctivitis, but they are more moderate.Also, a symptom such as rapid eye fatigue appears. The discharge becomes less, but with a detailed examination of the conjunctiva, pus or mucus is clearly visible on it. On the eyelids, crusts of a yellowish or light brown hue are formed.

Inflammation almost always begins in one eye. As already noted, infection occurs after direct contact of the pathogen with the mucous membrane. However, in most cases, the patient introduces bacteria into the second eye. The disease is even more difficult to tolerate.Due to constant lacrimation, itching and burning, a person cannot see normally. The picture is blurry, it is very difficult to focus on anything. In this regard, immediate treatment is required. In addition to the overflow of staphylococcal conjunctivitis into a chronic form, there are other dangerous consequences of this disease, which are associated with visual impairment.

Types of bacterial conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis can be triggered not only by staphylococcus, but also by bacteria such as pneumococcus, gonococcus, diphtheria bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, diplobacilli and other types of microorganisms.Pneumococcal conjunctivitis begins acutely, the eyelids immediately swell, and red dots appear on the conjunctiva and scleral membrane – a consequence of numerous hemorrhages. Pus is secreted from the conjunctival sac in large quantities.

Also, there is a marginal infiltration of the cornea, which indicates its inflammation. Pneumococcal conjunctivitis is characterized by the formation of films on the conjunctiva. They are removed with a bandage without damaging the tissues of the eye. For an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct a bacteriological study.Pneumococcal infection resembles gonococcal infection. The doctor must establish the exact cause of the disease in order to properly prescribe the treatment.

Gonococcal conjunctivitis is caused by Neisser’s gonococcus. Once on the connective membrane, this bacterium provokes a purulent hyperactive process. Discharge from the eye is observed in a significant amount. The eyelids and conjunctiva become noticeably swollen and bright red. Very often keratitis develops – inflammation of the cornea. There is a risk of ulceration on it.Treatment for gonococcal conjunctivitis should be started immediately.

Diphtheria bacillus rarely leads only to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye. Diphtheria of the larynx, nose, pharynx also develops. The disease manifests itself in a pronounced edema of the eyelids, abundant mucopurulent discharge, the presence of grayish films on the eyelids. They adhere tightly to the skin, so it is not recommended to remove them. After removal of the formations, bleeding begins. In the process of tissue healing, scarring occurs.Disorders of eyelash growth, eyelid curvature and other complications are possible. In addition to pus and mucus, there is a discharge from the conjunctival sac of a cloudy fluid with flakes. Infection with diphtheria conjunctivitis passes to the cornea in the very first days of the disease.

Diplobacilli are a species of bacteria. Some of them, for example, Morax-Axenfeld, can lead to an inflammatory process in the conjunctiva. It proceeds in subacute or chronic form. This is one of the main differences from other bacterial conjunctivitis.The disease is accompanied by hyperemia of the eyelids in the corners of the eyes. For this reason, this pathology is also called angular, or angular conjunctivitis. The rest of the symptoms are moderate, there are few secretions, no films are formed, no hemorrhages are observed.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is rarely diagnosed. Most often it occurs due to improper use of scheduled replacement contact lenses. Such ophthalmic products must be treated with special solutions each time they are removed.With their help, contact optics are cleaned and disinfected. It is also stored in them, which protects it from drying out. Poor lens care or its complete absence causes Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the eyes, which causes inflammation of the conjunctiva. Symptoms come on quickly. The patient’s connective membrane swells and reddens strongly, photophobia develops, a dull white discharge appears. After a while, they become purulent. With this form of conjunctivitis, there is also a risk of keratitis and corneal ulcers if treatment is started late.

Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis

drops without a prescription in pharmacies and optical salons, but without consultation it is better not to use any medicines, even if they have no contraindications and are not accompanied by side effects, like the listed moisturizing solutions. Furacilin, potassium permanganate, boric acid are prescribed to wash the eyes.

Treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis is always carried out using antibacterial drops of local action: “Floxal”, “Tsipromed”.Antiseptics are also used: “Okomistin”, “Sulfacyl sodium”. Eye drops or ointments are usually used. In case of gonoblennorrhea, a prescription is also prescribed for some systemic drug: “Penicillin” is prescribed intramuscularly, and “Quinolone” in tablets. Diphtheria is treated with anti-diphtheria serums, detoxification drugs. Diplobacillus conjunctivitis is treated with strong anti-inflammatory drugs.

vitamins that strengthen immunity.In addition, the patient should give up alcohol, smoking, and junk food. An overall improvement in health status contributes to faster treatment of conjunctivitis. In no case should hygiene be neglected. First, the patient is dangerous to others. Secondly, all measures should be taken to prevent the spread of the infection to the second eye. You need to rinse your eyes several times a day.

In case of an acute course of the disease, it is recommended to do this at least 6-8 times a day.You can wash your hands with soap and water more often. Use only disposable wipes. Pipettes should be boiled every day. The same applies to sticks intended for laying ointments on the conjunctiva. Do not interrupt treatment after symptom relief with topical medications. Acute staphylococcal and other bacterial conjunctivitis is treated for about two weeks. If you do not complete the course of therapy, a chronic illness may develop, which will recur frequently.

Treatment of conjunctivitis with folk remedies

Staphylococci, gonococci, pneumococci are bacteria that can be destroyed only with special drugs.No amount of herbal lotions and compresses can cope with a bacterial infection. Do not even try to cure conjunctivitis with folk remedies. But they will help relieve some of the symptoms of the disease: burning, pain, itching. With inflammation of the connective membrane, eyebright, chamomile, celandine, aloe juice are used. Decoctions and infusions are prepared from these plants, with the help of which lotions are made. Apply them to your eyes only after cooling. No bandages are required. The tissues of the eyeballs must “breathe”, otherwise a favorable environment for the reproduction of microbes is created.

Why is staphylococcal conjunctivitis dangerous?

One complication has already been mentioned. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis can become chronic. This is not the worst consequence. In childhood, inflammation is dangerous because it can affect the formation of eyeballs, that is, become one of the reasons for the development of myopia or hyperopia, as well as the progression of these refractive errors.

In people over 40, when age-related vision problems begin, the risk of glaucoma increases.Conjunctivitis can also contribute to this dangerous ailment. Inflammation of the conjunctiva without therapy leads to corneal opacity, which always affects the quality of vision. Do not self-medicate, neglect doctor’s recommendations, or abandon therapy ahead of time. If you follow all these simple rules, there will be no complications. Conjunctivitis will go away in 2-3 weeks.

Staphylococcus aureus – symptoms, types, causes and treatment of the disease

The causative agent of staphylococcus – Staphylococcus aureus – is a gram-positive non-motile and non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria that have a rounded shape (coccus shape) and grow in clusters, so in fact the name of the microorganism means “golden bunch of grapes”.

About disease

When grown in a Petri dish with blood agar, Staphylococcus aureus colonies have a characteristic golden yellow color, hence the corresponding name. This microorganism is extremely common, it colonized about a quarter of the world’s population.

It usually spreads to the nasal cavity, groin, armpits and other parts of the skin, but in most cases it is a normal part of the human skin flora and does not cause any problems.

However, as the number of bacteria on the skin increases, they begin to penetrate into the deep layers of the skin through microcracks and can lead to skin infections and abscesses.

Pathological processes can affect not only various internal organs, such as the liver, kidneys, spleen, brain, but also muscles, bones and joints, which leads to extremely deplorable consequences, therefore, if you suspect an infection, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Types of staphylococcal infections

There are several of the most common types of staphylococci:

● Hemolytic staphylococcus aureus.

Most often, this infection affects the upper respiratory tract, causing purulent sore throat, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis and other inflammatory diseases. These bacteria are very resistant and difficult to treat.

● Golden.

This microorganism is extremely resistant to almost all types of penicillin antibiotics, antiseptics, high temperatures, active direct sunlight.It causes various skin lesions such as eczema, abscess, boils, lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, upper respiratory tract, mucous membranes, in the worst case leads to toxic shock.

● Epidermal.

This microorganism lives on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes of any healthy person and does not cause any harm. But, if this bacterium enters the blood of a person with a weakened immune system, which most often occurs during surgery, the use of improperly processed instruments, catheters, blood poisoning occurs, which leads to inflammation of the inner lining of the heart.

● Saprophytic.

Despite the fact that this species is the least dangerous, when infected, it leads to general intoxication of the body, due to the release of dangerous toxins and enzymes in the course of its life. These microorganisms often become causative agents of inflammation of the urethra and bladder. This is mainly typical for women due to the anatomical features of the structure of their genitourinary system. If untreated, cystitis can lead to kidney inflammation and problems with conceiving.

Symptoms and forms of staphylococcus in adults and children

The symptoms that the patient feels vary greatly depending on the method and place of infection and the state of immunity. But a number of the most characteristic features can be distinguished:

● high temperature;

● suppuration of cuts, swelling, purulent rashes on the skin and mucous membranes, itching and redness of the eyes;

● lack of smell and nasal breathing;

● sore throat, soreness when swallowing, dry cough;

● nausea, vomiting, general weakened condition;

● severe headaches, epileptic seizures, severe shortness of breath;

● painful sensations in the joints.

One of the most common forms of staphylococci in adults is its asymptomatic carriage. A healthy person does not feel any signs of the disease until a provoking factor appears, which will give an impetus to the development of the disease.

For women, the most dangerous is the saprophytic form, which can lead to the onset of cystitis. This is due to the fact that the urethra of women is located very close to the vagina, which is why there is a high likelihood of pathogenic microflora, including staphylococcus bacillus, entering the urethral canal, and then into the bladder, causing its inflammation.

Since young children do not have a strong immune system, the risk of developing an infection in a child is quite high. Moreover, even those types of staphylococcus that practically do not cause problems in adulthood can lead to serious complications in children. A particular danger is staphylococcus in children under the age of one year, since it can easily, in the shortest possible time, spread throughout the body and lead to serious consequences, including death.

Causes of occurrence

Most often, the bacterium enters the human body through wounds and microcracks in the skin. The infection, having penetrated the wound, begins to multiply in the blood, spreading throughout the body and affecting the lungs, heart, brain, liver, kidneys, joints.

With staphylococcus, diseases can be very different, such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, sepsis and many others.

Infection with staphylococcus aureus infection can occur in the following ways:

● Contact-household way when using personal items of the patient;

● Airborne droplets on close contact with an infected person;

● Fecal-oral on dirty fruits, vegetables and other food products, dirty dishes and hands;

● Vertical as the baby passes through the birth canal of an infected mother during delivery.

● Often, infection occurs during surgery through medical instruments and during various manipulations.

Diagnostics

Only a doctor can diagnose the presence of an infection based on the results of an analysis for staphylococcus aureus.

It is worth remembering that the analysis is recommended only if there are symptoms of the disease. The presence of a bacterium in a biological material can mean that a person is its carrier, which in itself is the norm.

For analysis, material is taken from the area where the infection is suspected to develop. To detect the pathological process, several tests are carried out to track the dynamics of the reproduction of bacteria. If their number increases rapidly, it is possible to diagnose the presence of staphylococcal infection. Also, additional analysis will allow you to determine the specific type of infection so that the doctor can choose a personalized treatment regimen.

Treatment

Treatment of staphylococcus can be performed surgically if there is a purulent lesion in the area of ​​infection.It may also be necessary to remove the infected implant, catheter, etc.

As a conservative treatment for staphylococcus, antibiotics, antibacterial agents are used in combination with immunomodulatory therapy. The drugs are selected taking into account the resistance of staphylococcus to a wide range of medications. The use of brilliant green solution for treating infected wounds has shown great efficiency.

What tests need to be passed

First of all, to determine the presence of an infection, an analysis is made for staphylococcus aureus.

For diseases of the respiratory tract, a swab from the nasal and oropharynx is taken, with cystitis – urine, with an upset gastrointestinal tract – feces, with skin lesions – scraping from the skin, and if there is suspicion of extensive infection, donate blood.

Also, before starting treatment with antibiotics, it is required to pass an analysis for resistance to these medicines.

Which doctor should I contact

An infectious disease specialist deals with advanced cases of the disease.

But if you just have suspicions and want to get an accurate diagnosis, first you should contact a therapist, with children – to a pediatrician. The doctor will diagnose and, based on the results obtained, will write you a referral to the necessary doctor.

Prevention of staphylococcus

The main measure for the prevention of staphylococcal infection is the constant adherence to hygiene rules. After staying in public places or touching public items, hands should be thoroughly washed with soap and water.It is also important not to contact the main source of staphylococcus infection – sick people.

How to prevent disease

To prevent the spread of staphylococcus in the body and the subsequent development of the disease, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system. To do this, it is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle, engage in physical activity, eat right, keeping the balance of vitamins and all necessary trace elements, and consume enough water.

Strong immunity will keep the activity of the pathogenic microorganism within a safe norm.

Good luck, dear patients!

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Staphylococcal infection

Staphylococcus aureus is the abbreviation for a common bacterium called Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus bacteria are often present on the skin without causing infection. The infection develops if they penetrate the skin. This causes redness, tenderness, swelling, and sometimes runny discharge.

MRSA stands for Methicillin-Resistant Staph Aureus Unlike common staphylococcal infections, MRSA bacteria are resistant to common antibiotics and are more difficult to treat. In addition, MRSA bacteria are more toxic than regular staphylococcus bacteria. They can spread quickly in the body and cause life-threatening illness.

MRSA is transmitted by direct physical contact with bacteria.MRSA is also transmitted through items contaminated by a person carrying the bacteria, such as bandages, towels, bedding, or sports equipment. Usually bacteria are not transmitted through the air. However, they can be spread by direct contact with fluids from coughing or sneezing. If you have a skin MRSA infection, there is a risk of recurrence in the future.

If an MRSA infection is suspected, the doctor may do a wound culture to confirm the diagnosis.If an abscess is present, it can be drained. You will likely be prescribed one or more antibiotics that work on your MRSA.

Home care

• Take antibiotics exactly as prescribed. Even if you feel better, do not stop taking them until they run out or until you are instructed to stop taking them from your healthcare provider.

• If you have been prescribed an antibiotic ointment, use it as directed.

• Wash your entire body (from scalp to toes) with special soap daily for 5 days. Brush your fingernails twice a day for 1 minute with a special soap and brush.

• Wounds should be covered with clean, dry dressings. If the dressings become dirty, they must be replaced. Wash your hands thoroughly every time you change dressings or touch a wound.

• If you have extended nails or nail polish, they must be removed.

Treating family members

If you have been diagnosed with a possible infection with an MMR, your loved ones living with you are at a higher risk of having bacteria on your skin or nose, even if there are no signs of infection. Bacteria must be removed from the skin of all family members at the same time so that they do not pass from one to another. Instruct them on how to remove the bacteria:

• Family members should use a special soap as described above.

• If a family member has a skin infection, a doctor must treat it. Washing is not enough to cure an MRSA infection.

• Clean countertops and children’s toys.

• Each family member should only use their own personal items, such as toothbrushes or shaving razors. In this case, the use of shared glasses, plates and cutlery is allowed.

Prevention of the spread of infection.

• Wash your hands often with plain soap and warm water. Be sure to clean under your nails, between your fingers and your wrists. Dry your hands with disposable towels (such as paper). If soap and water are not available, you can use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. Rub the antiseptic all over your hands, fingers, and wrists until it dries completely.

• Do not use other people’s personal items such as towels, shaving razors, clothing or uniforms.Wash bed linen, towels and clothing in hot water and detergent. Set the dryer to a high temperature to kill any remaining bacteria.

• If you go to the gym, wipe your equipment with an alcohol-based antiseptic before and after each use. Also, wipe down any handles and areas you grasp with your hands.

• If you exercise, shower with regular soap after each workout. Use a clean towel every time you shower.

Follow-up

Come to your doctor’s appointments or as directed by our staff. If culture of wound secretions was taken, obtain results at the specified time. If there are any changes to your treatment, you will be informed of them.

If you have been diagnosed with MRSA, in the future you will need to tell healthcare staff that you have received treatment for this infection.

When to seek medical attention

Contact your healthcare provider for any of the following:

• Increasing redness, swelling, or pain

• Red streaks in the skin around the wound

• Weakness or dizziness

• Pus or discharge from a wound

• Temperatures above 100.4 ºF (38.0 ºC) or as directed by your healthcare professional

Common Eye Infections – Helpful Information

The development of an infectious eye disease can be caused by various microorganisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa.If the necessary treatment is not carried out, the development of the disease can lead to damage to the cornea and even loss of vision. The most common infectious ophthalmic diseases are conjunctivitis, barley, and blepharitis.

Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory lesion of the conjunctiva – the mucous membrane of the eye. This type of disease is the most common and accounts for about 30% of all ocular pathology. The course of conjunctivitis can be complicated by eye diseases such as keratitis, blepharitis, decreased visual acuity, etc.Conjunctivitis can affect people of different age groups, both adults and children. The source of infection can be a sick person or non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. The development of the disease is accompanied by hyperemia and edema of the eyelids, mucous or purulent discharge from the eyes, burning and itching in the eyes. In the bulk, signs of conjunctivitis are the presence of discharge on the eyelids and eyes in the morning, which makes it difficult to open the eyes, glued together with dried discharge. Typically, conjunctivitis affects both eyes.

When a patient turns to a doctor, they carry out: external examination, biomicroscopy. If necessary, a referral for bacteriological examination of a smear from the conjunctiva is prescribed. Additionally, an ophthalmologist may prescribe a consultation with an infectious disease specialist, dermatovenerologist, otorhinolaryngologist, etc.

Treatment of conjunctivitis is carried out locally, using drops, ointments, it is possible to prescribe injections of drugs subconjunctivally.
During the period of illness, the patient must not only follow all the doctor’s recommendations, but also observe personal hygiene especially carefully: wash hands more often, use disposable towels.

Timely treatment of conjunctivitis allows you to achieve complete recovery without consequences for the eyes.

The main symptoms of conjunctivitis are:

• itching and burning;
• redness of the white of the eye;
• conjunctival hyperemia;
• Sensation of grit in the eyes;

90,015 swelling of the eyelids;

• lacrimation;
• Specific eye discharge;
• photophobia.

Blepharitis is a bilateral inflammation of the ciliary edge of the eyelids. This disease can be both infectious and non-infectious etiology. The disease is very common, accounts for about 30% of all ocular disorders and is difficult to treat. Blepharitis can develop in people of various age groups, both children and adults, but the maximum incidence occurs between the ages of 40 and 70 years. Blepharitis is usually recurrent and difficult to treat.Blepharitis is manifested by redness and swelling of the edges of the eyelids, a feeling of heaviness and itching of the eyelids. In the treatment of blepharitis, the focus is on eliminating the cause of the disease with the help of conservative drug therapy (instillation of drops, laying ointments) and eyelid care (toilet, eyelid massage). Recurrent blepharitis usually indicates a decrease in immunity. Diagnosis of the disease includes: external examination, biomicroscopy, examination of the eyelids. Treatment of blepharitis is carried out conservatively and is long-term.Sometimes, to identify the causes of blepharitis, consultations of other specialists are required: dentist, dermatologist, otorhinolaryngologist, etc.

With timely and properly cured blepharitis treatment, a stable and long-term positive state can be achieved. For the prevention of this disease, it is necessary to treat chronic infections of the body, timely treatment of disorders of the sebaceous glands, adherence to visual hygiene.

The symptoms of this eye disease are:

• Swelling and redness of the edges of the eyelids;

90,015 itching under the eyelashes and their loss;

• lacrimation;
• photophobia;
• Hypersensitivity to wind and dust;
• Scaling or crusting at the edges of the eyelids.

Barley is a localized purulent process on the eyelids that develops in the presence of infection in the hair follicle of the eyelash or sebaceous gland. According to statistics, during the life of 80% of the population suffer from this disease. More often children and adults under the age of 50 are ill. The appearance of barley on the eyelid is accompanied by soreness and local swelling of the edge of the eyelid, subsequently an abscess forms. Diagnosis of barley consists in examining the area of ​​inflammation and does not require additional instrumental examination.The number of pustules in the eye can vary from one to several, occur on one or both eyes. In most cases, the causative agent of the disease is Staphylococcus aureus, which is activated when a person’s immune system is weakened. Failure to comply with the rules of hygiene, touching the eyes with dirty hands, the use of contaminated cosmetic accessories can also lead to an inflammatory process. Treatment of this disease must be carried out in a timely manner and in accordance with all doctor’s prescriptions, otherwise this condition can go into a chronic stage.However, if the recommendations are followed and the treatment is correct, barley responds well to treatment.

The symptoms of the disease are:

• Limited swelling at the edge of the eyelid;
• slight edema at the site of inflammation;
• redness of the eyelid conjunctiva;
• soreness, itching.

Timely diagnosis and correctly prescribed treatment will allow you to achieve the maximum desired result in the treatment of infectious eye diseases.

90,000 Staphylococcus aureus – a common hospital infection

According to official statistics, the number of deaths from one of the most dangerous hospital infections – MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) has increased significantly in recent years, and the number of infections is constantly growing.

What is Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Staphylococci are a common family of bacteria. They are present in most people and are part of the normal microflora of the skin, mucous membranes, and the lower intestine.Carriage of staphylococcus is common among medical personnel.

Staphylococcus infection in hospitals and maternity hospitals occurs through airborne droplets and through the contaminated hands of doctors. You can get infected through open wounds, burns, eyes, skin, blood. Transmission is possible with instruments, catheters, dressings, care items, and food.

MRSA is a “modification” of Staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to one or more antibiotics.To date, researchers have identified 17 types of MRSA with varying degrees of antibiotic resistance.

Treatment of MRSA requires the use of a higher dose of drugs, an increase in the duration of treatment, or the use of an alternative antibacterial agent to which this type of MRSA is still susceptible.

MRSA infection can cause a wide range of symptoms depending on the organ being infected. Signs of infection are redness, swelling, and tenderness of the infected area.The clinical manifestations of staphylococcal diseases are diverse – from skin diseases and pneumonia to meningitis and sepsis.

Why does MRSA exist?

Natural selection is still the basic principle of the development of all living things. And bacteria live in this world much longer than we do, so they are especially successful in this. In addition, the genes of bacteria are constantly changing to resist their main enemy – the antibiotic.

The weaker types of bacteria, when faced with an antibiotic, die, while the more resistant ones simply ignore the medicine.This means that next time you may face staphylococcus, which has successfully survived an encounter with an antibiotic, and, therefore, acquired resistance to it.

That is why doctors always advise patients to drink the entire course of antibiotics to the end. If the patient does not complete the course of treatment, then most of the bacteria will die, but not all. The survivors acquire resistance (i.e., resistance) to antibiotics. And each subsequent mutation only increases the bacteria’s ability to survive.

The use of a huge number of antibiotics in hospitals and maternity hospitals causes a huge number of mutations in staphylococcus, thereby increasing its resistance to drugs.

Why is it so dangerous?

The fact that in hospitals staphylococcus is infected more often than outside hospitals can be explained.

• First, hospital residents are generally weaker than the general population, making them more vulnerable to infection.
• Second, hospital conditions with large numbers of people in small areas are an excellent environment for the transmission of infections.MRSA infection can be very dangerous for debilitated patients and newborns, especially if it is not recognized and treated with the right antibiotics in time.

What are the prospects?

The reports of an increase in infections and deaths due to MRSA are of great concern to doctors. It may happen that a type of staphylococcus is formed that is resistant to all antibiotics. There is already VRSA or vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus that is resistant to vancomycin.And in the UK, GISA or glycopeptide-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was recorded, respectively, resistant to glycopeptides.

Although new antibiotics are constantly being developed, pessimistic experts believe that it is only a matter of time before it becomes resistant to them.

One of the main reasons for the emergence of drug-resistant microbes is the abuse of antibiotics. Quite often the doctor prescribes antibiotics for patients with a viral infection.However, antibiotics have no effect on viruses. But bacteria in the body from the use of antibiotics feel great – mutate and multiply. Therefore, doctors are now advised to reduce the prescription of antibiotics.

Improving hospital hygiene is an important factor in protecting patients from MRSA. Manual examinations in hospitals are now doing more harm than good, as they spread the infection. The solution to this problem seems to be a thorough hand treatment after each patient.There is also a proposal to introduce a special position of a nurse responsible for cleanliness in the hospital staff (in Russian health care facilities, these responsibilities are usually assigned to the head nurse of the department).

Although the question of whether dirty hands are the source of staphylococcus reproduction is controversial enough. Some people recall that in previous centuries, people – for the most part – did not even know what a bacterial infection was. He took the carrot out of the garden, rinsed it in a puddle and ate it. And no one died from this, a maximum of a couple of days were plagued by an upset stomach.This was because human immunity was naturally stimulated. Now, in the “sterile” conditions of maternity hospitals, where a person goes immediately after birth, this does not happen. Immunity decreases, therefore, susceptibility to various kinds of bacteria, which previously were not even pathogenic, increases.

While doctors are looking for a way to combat MRSA, the number of infections is steadily increasing. And many experts agree that it may take a very major scientific breakthrough, akin to the discovery of penicillin, for humans to be able to effectively resist resistant bacteria.

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Treatment of staphylococcus in infants, how to treat staphylococcus in a child

Treatment of staphylococcus in children

Staphylococcal infection is a bacterial disease characterized by the spread of a purulent process in tissues and organs affected by microorganisms. Among other infections, this pathology is most common.This is explained by the fact that staphylococcus bacteria are extremely common in nature and can cause dozens of different diseases that can pose a serious danger to a newborn or infant.

Dangerous species of staphylococci

Staphylococci are a whole genus of microbes. Today there are 27 species, but only 3 of them pose a danger to humans and can provoke a particular disease. Among them: saprophytic, epidermal and Staphylococcus aureus.A serious danger to newborns is the last type of microbe, which, in the course of its vital activity, secretes the strongest toxin exfoliatin.

Causes of staphylococcal infection

A sick person or a carrier of bacteria can become a source of infection. For a child, it is dangerous under the condition of lowered immunity, tk. normally there are bacteria that are able to restrain staphylococcus aureus, preventing it from developing. Once this balance is disturbed, bacteria begin to multiply, leading to serious health problems.Infection can occur through contact (simple touch, breastfeeding), food (through food or non-sterile dishes) or airborne droplets (for example, in a hospital or maternity hospital).

Diseases caused by staphylococcus

Staphylococcus aureus in infants can cause both mild and severe forms of various diseases. Among the most serious consequences are pneumonia and sepsis. In addition, the bacterium is capable of provoking the development of the following diseases:

• Respiratory organs: rhinitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, tracheitis, pleurisy;
• bones and joints: arthritis, osteomyelitis;
• CNS: brain abscess, meningitis;
• urinary tract: focal nephritis, pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis;
• cardiovascular system: phlebitis, pericarditis, endocarditis;
• skin: pyoderma, carbuncles, boils, folliculitis;
• Gastrointestinal tract: dysbiosis, etc.

Infection symptoms

The manifestations of staphylococcal infection are diverse and depend on the disease caused by the microbe. Common symptoms include subfebrile or high fever, diarrhea, vomiting, and the appearance of inflammation on the skin that resembles burns. If there are such signs, you should immediately go to the hospital for tests for the presence of staphylococci in the body.

Treatment of staphylococcal infection

Treatment of staphylococcus in children is a rather difficult task that needs to be approached in a comprehensive manner.Among the main methods, the following are distinguished.

Taking medications. Such treatment of staphylococcus in infants consists in the use of antibiotics and other antimicrobial drugs (for example, bacteriophage preparations that are active against bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus: Staphylococcal bacteriophage, Polyvalent purified pyobaketriophage, Sextafag®, Intesti-bacteriophage, Pyobacteriophage complex). Bacteriophage preparations are prescribed by a doctor after preliminary determination of phage sensitivity.

Taking vitamins and herbal preparations. This treatment is prescribed to strengthen the immune system, which helps fight infection and also reduces the risk of relapse.

Surgical methods. This type of treatment is used for severe purulent infections to remove abscesses and boils.

Blood transfusion. Staphylococcus can be treated with this method. During the procedure, the blood taken from the child’s vein is injected back intramuscularly, which helps to stimulate the immune system.

Do not try to cure staphylococcus yourself. Be sure to see a doctor!

You can clarify all your questions about bacteriophages by asking a question to our specialist on the website.

Staphylococcus in the eyes: treatment, symptoms, varieties

The human organ of vision has a complex structure, but it is very fragile, and people do not always follow hygiene and often touch their eyes with dirty hands. As a result, infection with bacteria occurs, and staphylococcus aureus is found in the eyes.

Contents Show

Reasons for the development of staphylococcal infections

Staphylococcus in the eyes develops depending on the tone of the immune system. Pathogens enter the human body through physical contact, unwashed hands, mucous membranes and wounds on the skin. At the same time, the carrier is able not to get sick with staphylococcal infection.

When pathogens enter the desired organ, they begin to multiply. The bacteria infect most of the infected area.

A person is capable of contracting an infection by airborne droplets. This happens when sneezing, communicating, using the same dishes or other household items. The most common causes of staphylococcal infection in the body:

• neglect of personal hygiene;
• trauma to the optic organ;
• abuse of alcoholic beverages;
• chronic diseases of the endocrine system;
• long-term use of antibiotics or vasodilator drugs;
• hypothermia;
• previous viral diseases;
• swimming in a muddy pond.

A patient with staphylococcal infection most often does not practice his hygiene. This includes neglect of hand washing after the street.

If an injury occurs or a foreign body gets into the eyes, the disease develops. In this case, it is necessary to provide urgent assistance. Inaction will not only lead to staphylococcal infection, but redness or retinal hemorrhage will occur.

Staphylococcus in the eyes

Staphylococcal infection develops during long-term treatment due to drugs against the background of reduced immunity.The protective function of the body declines after the use of antibiotics. Alcohol abuse also affects immunity, which, in combination with antibiotics, causes staphylococcal infection.

The bacterium is resistant to negative environmental factors. If treatment for another disease takes place in a hospital, then due to non-sterile medical equipment, bacteria are infected.

Author:

Trofimova Irina

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When pathogens enter the body, the development of microorganisms does not occur in all infected. This means that a person’s immunity is in good shape. The development of staphylococcus occurs in conditions of a weakened protective function of the body.

In case of untimely treatment, bacteria spread to the entire organ of vision. Staphylococcus aureus, with further development, can cause complications, which will affect visual function.

In some cases, the infection cannot be immediately diagnosed, which leads to the need for protracted treatment.

The most common diseases

Staphylococcus aureus in the eye leads to various diseases of the organ of vision. Pathologies differ in degree of danger. Diseases from staphylococcus bacteria include the following manifestations:

• blepharitis;
• keratitis;
• dacreocystitis;
• endophthalmitis.

With blepharitis, inflammation of the ciliary edges of the eyelids occurs, which is extremely uncomfortable for the patient.

The disease disrupts the growth of eyelashes, it is difficult to cure it completely.

The causative agent of blepharitis is Staphylococcus aureus, a type of hemolytic. This type of bacteria is considered the most dangerous. Its peculiarity is its adaptation to high and low temperatures, ultraviolet light, drying, and most antiseptics.

Treatment of blepharitis is recommended at the initial stage. Otherwise, the recovery process will take a long time.

The disease can become chronic. In this case, the patient’s eyesight deteriorates.This is reflected in the overall health and performance.

Damage to the eyelids with blepharitis is one of the risk factors for the development of barley in the eye. In 90-95% of cases, this disease develops through the fault of Staphylococcus aureus.

With keratitis, the patient’s cornea becomes inflamed. The impetus for the disease can be trauma.

Microflora is located in the cavity of the organ of vision. If the eyes are damaged, these microorganisms cause inflammation.

In addition to staphylococcus, keratitis appears due to other parasites, fungi and viruses. Additional factors that contribute to the development of the disease are:

• lack of vitamins;
• reduced immunity;
• Disorders of the endocrine system and metabolism;
• diabetes mellitus.

Keratitis is dangerous because the patient can lose sight. Therefore, timely treatment is necessary.

When a person develops dacreocystitis, the lacrimal sac becomes inflamed.The disease in infants is distinguished in a special form.

The disease occurs with the growth of colonies of staphylococcus and colds. The infection must be treated immediately so that it does not spread.

Endophthalmitis disease occurs as a purulent inflammatory process that affects the vitreous body. The disease is dangerous and without proper treatment can lead to loss of vision . The cause of endophthalmitis is trauma to the organ of vision and inflammation, along with staphylococcal infection.

Untimely treatment can lead to complications. With endophthalmitis, neighboring tissues are damaged. Eye pressure decreases and the visual organ is deformed, resulting in loss of vision .

Many diseases can be caused by other types of staphylococcus. The development of inflammation in the eye contributes to the epidermal appearance of the bacteria. Occurs in children who have not been reported or have undergone surgery.

Saprophytic staphylococcus is rarely seen in newborns, more common in adult women.This bacterium causes diseases of the genitourinary system.

Symptoms

With an infectious lesion of the organ of vision by staphylococcus, the symptoms of the disease are of a general nature. The following symptoms are distinguished:

• puffiness and inflammation of the eyes;
• allocation of a large amount of exudate;
• redness of the whites of the eyes;
• photophobia;
• itching and burning;
• Sharp or cutting pain.

During sleep, the patient secretes an inflammatory secret, which leads to sticking of the eyelashes.In the morning, after waking up, crusts are found on the eyelids. Red eye syndrome is considered one of the first signs of the onset of inflammation.

Many people immediately think of conjunctivitis with these symptoms. The diagnosis of this disease includes checking for staphylococcal infection. If a person delays referring to a doctor, then the disease develops further.

In this case, the symptomatology has the following features:

• headache;
• general malaise;
• permanent fatigue;
• fast fatigue;
• temperature rise to 37-37.5 ^° C.

With such signs, urgent help is needed to prevent complications and decrease (loss) of vision.

Features of the course of infection in a child, including babies

The manifestations of staphylococcus are often nonspecific, the signs of the disease depend on the specific disease. Diseases occur in two stages:

• early unpleasant symptoms appear about six hours after infection.
• late is characterized by purulent eruptions, occurs four days later.

The infection can disguise itself as dysbiosis, colds and diathesis. The pathogen is found in laboratory tests.

Treatment should be performed not on the bacterium itself, but on diseases that were caused by the infection. When a pathogen is detected in a child, parents should monitor the behavior and condition of the baby.

Treatment

How to treat staphylococcal eye infections? After the diagnosis of the disease, the attending physician prescribes therapy for the general strengthening of the body.The patient is prescribed the following ointments:

• Tetracycline;
• Levomycetin.

The preparations are used 4 times a day. After elimination of secretion in large quantities, complex treatment is continued for another 7 days. The following solutions or eye drops are prescribed:

• Albucid;
• furacilin solution;
• chamomile decoction;
• plantain decoction;
• dandelion decoction.

Rinse your eyes with plain warm water.In some cases, the attending physician prescribes eye baths. Sometimes it is recommended to bury the juice of medicinal plants.

Along with this, the complex therapy includes medications:

• Norfoxaline;
• Clarithromycin;
• Gentamicin.

In some cases, dark glasses are prescribed to protect the eyes from light and dirt.

If the child becomes infected, then the mother is checked for pathogens. In this case, treatment is prescribed for both patients.

Prevention of bacterial ocular infections

Doctors recommend observing the following measures to prevent staphylococcal infections:

• observe personal hygiene;
• Use only clean wipes and towels intended for hands and face;
• Do not touch your eyes with unwashed hands;
• When wearing contact lenses, it is necessary to observe hygiene of the eyes and optical correctors.

The human eye is fragile and can easily become infected, especially in case of visual impairment corrected by contact lenses.

Interesting information about the treatment of staphylococcus in the video:

Before using optical correction tools, you must thoroughly wash your hands with soap and store the lenses only in a special container in a solution. Otherwise, bacteria can enter the eye and subsequently become inflamed.

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