Treatment, Recovery & First Aid

Adani R, Marcoccio I, Tarallo L. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003 Oct;112(5):1287-94.
Nail lengthening and fingertip amputations.

Boyd R, Libetta C. Emerg Med J.
2002 Mar;19(2):141. Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from
the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Reimplantation of the nail root in fingertip crush injuries in children.

Bristol SG, Verchere CG. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2007 Jan;32(1):124-5. The transverse figure-of-eight suture for securing the nail.

Brown RE. Hand Clin. 2002 Nov;18(4):561-75. Acute nail bed injuries.

Chang J, Vernadakis AJ, McClellan WT.Clin Occup Environ Med. 2006;5(2):413-22, ix.
Fingertip injuries.

Evans DM, Bernardis C. J Hand Surg [Br]. 2000 Feb;25(1):58-60.
Erratum in: J Hand Surg [Br] 2000 Aug;25(4):414. Bernadis, C [corrected to Bernardis, C].
A new classification for fingertip injuries.

Hallock GG, Lutz DA. J Hand Surg [Am]. 2000 Sep;25(5):979-81.
Octyl-2-Cyanoacrylate adhesive for rapid nail plate restoration.

Jellinek NJ. Dermatol Ther. 2007 Jan-Feb;20(1):68-74. Nail surgery: practical tips and treatment options.

Muneuchi G, Tamai M, Igawa K, Kurokawa M, Igawa HH. Ann Plast Surg. 2005 Jun;54(6):604-9.
The PNB classification for treatment of fingertip injuries: the boundary between conservative treatment and surgical treatment.

Roser SE, Gellman H. J Hand Surg [Am]. 1999 Nov;24(6):1166-70.
Comparison of nail bed repair versus nail trephination for subungual hematomas in children.

Sawabe K, Suzuki S, Miyata A, Kitayama T, Ishikawa K. Ann Plast Surg. 2005 Jun;54(6):673-5. Application of
the palmar pocket method for total nail reconstruction without vascular
anastomoses.

Seaberg DC, Angelos WJ, Paris PM. Am J Emerg Med. 1991
May;9(3):209-10. Treatment of subungual hematomas with nail trephination: a
prospective study.

How to Clip Your Nails Like a Pro

Nail-clipping should be straightforward enough—trim them when they get long, roughly every few weeks. But that baseline regimen barely scratches the surface of proper nail care. With the right adjustments and intel, you can prevent hangnails, minimize trimmings, and maintain smooth geometric perfection. No need to see a manicurist, either: You can do it all from the comfort of your toilet seat.

We spoke with celebrity manicurist Deborah Lippmann, whose nail care brand is adored (and adorned) by all of your female friends. The cuticle expert gave us her top ten tips—one tip for every digit—to get your nail care game where it needs to be:

1. Don’t cut straight across

When cutting your fingernails, be certain you’re using one of those smaller, rounded-blade clippers; they’re the ones designed for fingers, and they work well on your smaller toes. (Check out our favorite nail clippers. ) The large, straight-blade nail clipper in your dopp kit is for your big toe.

When using the rounded fingernail clippers, you still need to cut the nails at an angle, since the curve of the blade doesn’t match the curve of your nail. “A common mistake men and women make when trimming their own nails is the angle at which they approach it,” says Lippmann. “Clipping straight-on can bend and ultimately damage the nail.”

Instead, you should be clipping the nail three or four times as you travel across the top.

2. The nails should (literally) reflect your cuticles

If you’re unsure of what shape your nails should have, just look at your cuticles. Imagine your nail as an oval—an odd oval, yes. The U-shape of the cuticle should be reflected (upside down) by the top of your nail. And, since the top is often wider than the cuticle, you may have to adjust for size; the primary goal here is to mirror the shape.

3. Leave a little white

As for nail length, there’s a small spectrum of acceptable lengths. You should leave at least a sliver of “white” at the top of your nails—that space where the nail starts to separate from the skin it protects. (One or two millimeters, in our book.) If you look at your fingers from the side, the whites of the nails shouldn’t be so long that they start to divorce the rounded shape of the finger. If the nail is so long that it extends past the fingertips, you’re due for a trim.

It’s easy to get all nails to a standard length: “Look at all ten nails and pick out the shortest, or that with the smallest amount of ‘white’ at the tip,” says Lippmann. “Use that nail as a reference to ensure all nails are being filed to a uniform length and shape.”

4. Start filing your nails, and do it right

You’re not going to get a smooth, perfect cut with the nail clippers—that’s just step one. And, while many clippers come with a built-in file, it’s a sub-par option compared to an
emory board file. “An emory board is how you get even nails, shaped to perfection,” says Lippmann. You can use one to smoothen the arch of the nails after a trim, or you can file your nails every few days to maintain a standard length.

Lippmann stresses that you should never ‘saw’ back and forth on the tip of the nail. “Instead, gently run the file across the nail in one direction, beginning at the outside edge, pull up towards the center and repeat,” she says. “Remember to use gentle motions to prevent breakage.” Lastly, don’t hold the file flush to the nail. You should tilt it slightly back, and file from below the nail. “This allows you to see exactly what you are doing and helps protect against over-filing,” Lippmann says.

5. Tend to the cuticles

Push and clip your cuticles weekly. That’s the best way to prevent painful hangnails from developing. Many nail clippers have an attachment that helps uproot excess skin. Very gently pry this skin upward so that it’s easy to trim. “These are the only pieces of skin that you should nip,” says Lippmann. “The cuticle protects nails from infection, so if cut improperly, it allows bacteria and fungus to infect the nail bed. ”

Woman with world’s longest nails has them cut after almost 30 years

Famously known as the woman with the world’s longest fingernails, Guinness World Records title holder Ayanna Williams (USA) has officially parted with her grand manicure after cutting her nails this past weekend.

Dr. Allison Readinger of Trinity Vista Dermatology in Forth Worth, Texas (USA), used an electric rotary tool to cut the record holder’s lengthy nails after measuring them a final time.

As it turns out, Houston-local Ayanna broke her own record for the longest fingernails on a pair of hands (female) with a new length of 733. 55 cm (24 ft 0.7 in), since letting them grow from their initial confirmation in 2017. 

This is the first time the record holder has cut her nails since the early 90s, which meant it was an emotional, bitter-sweet goodbye when Ayanna finally had to part with them.  

“I’ve been growing my nails for a few decades now. I’m so, so ready for a new life. I’m know I’m going to miss them, but it’s just about that time – it’s time for them to go.”

Ayanna has dedicated over 28 years to growing her nails. In a way, the feature has become a key part of who she is. 

Even as a kid, the Texan always loved nails and nail art. She has fond memories of asking her mother to check how long her nails were and if she could paint them certain colors.  

Since that early age, Ayanna has certainly made her childhood dreams come true.

Ayanna was first officially recognized for her tremendous talons in 2017 and was one of the record-breaking stars to feature in Guinness World Records 2018.

At that time her nails measured 576.4 cm (18 ft 10.9 in) and she needed over two bottles of nail polish and 20 hours to do her manicure. 

More recently, it took about about 3 or 4 bottles of nail polish and Ayanna had to complete the task over a few days.

Ayanna faced day-to-day difficulties with her long nails, and was unable to do some activities like washing the dishes and putting sheets on the bed. 

“With my movements I have to be very, very careful. So usually in my mind I’m already preparing for the next step that I have to do to make sure that I don’t hurt myself with my nails – or break them. I’m excited about cutting my nails because I’m looking forward to new beginnings.”

But now with her shortened manicure she’ll be able to do a lot more with ease. 

Before the final cut, Ayanna said that she received lots of different reactions from others who would see her nails in public, but most were positive and supportive – especially ones from kids.  

“I have this thing that I do with children when they come up to me and they say ‘are those your nails?!’ and I say ‘yeah’ and then I ask and I say ‘How old are you?’ and they say ‘I’m ten or I’m seven’, and I say ‘Guess how old my nails are? They’re like 28 – 29 years! They’re older than you!'”

While this entire journey has certainly been a memorable one for Ayanna, she is looking forward to the future and the legacy that her record will bring for generations to come, especially for her grandchildren and great-grandchildren.    

Her delicate fingernails will now be preserved and on display at the Ripley’s Believe It or Not! Museum in Orlando, Florida, something Ayanna is very excited about. 

“It’s gonna be awesome. It’s going to be a like a wax of myself even though it’s just my nails. I can’t wait to see that, for real. I’m going to be grinning from ear to ear. Just really think about it, it’s amazing.”

Although Ayanna’s most recent measurement broke her former record, the record for the longest fingernails on a pair of hands ever (female) still stands with Lee Redmond (USA), who started to grow them in 1979 and carefully manicured them to reach a total length of 8.65 m (28 ft 4.5 in). 

In the immediate future, Ayanna plans to grow her nails again, but not quite to the length she previously measured at.   

However, regardless of her record title, they will always be one of her favorite accessories.  

“With or without my nails, I will still be the queen. My nails don’t make me, I make my nails!”

EZ Grip side Cut Fingernail Clippers

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What We Did Before Nail Clippers

Today in Tedium: Fingernails have a functional purpose—they’re shells for our fingertips—but they sure come with an annoying side effect. That effect? The fact that, every couple of weeks you have to cut them. No matter who you are, you have to go through this process where small pieces of your keratin fly everywhere because you’re shoving them in a nail clipper. By the way, did you know that nail clippers are a fairly new phenomenon, roughly as old as the Swiss Army Knife? How did we cut our nails before that? Today’s Tedium explains the history—and pre-history—of the nail clipper. — Ernie @ Tedium

Fingernail clipper patent, Eugene Heim and Oelestin Matz, circa 1881. (U.S. Patent & Trademark Office)

How did people cut fingernails before fingernail clippers? (Warning: Rabbit hole)

Fingernail clippers are a bit of an enigma on the invention front.

Clear answers about the history of trimmed fingernails don’t really show themselves unless you’re willing to do some digging. (Fortunately, that’s what this newsletter is all about.)

It’s not clear who invented the modern fingernail clipper, but patents started to appear for fingernail trimmers around 1875.

The man credited by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office with the first such trimmer was named Valentine Fogerty, though the design of his device could best be described as a circular nail file rather than a keratin clip. The first design in the USPTO’s files that I could find that could be described as having anything in common with modern designs came from inventors Eugene Heim and Oelestin Matz, who were granted a patent for a clamp-style fingernail clipper in 1881.

A better hint of how fingernails were cut before the days of fingernail trimmers comes from the patent for R.W. Stewart’s finger-nail cutter, which doesn’t work like a modern day clipper. The design, in fact, has more in common with peeling an apple than pressing a clamp.

And if you’ve ever used a paring knife to peel an apple, that’s how fingernails were cut before there was a designated tool for it, whether using an actual knife or small scissors. In fact, based on a look through Google Books for any and all references to the cutting of fingernails, terms like “trim” or “cut” generally weren’t used to describe the process until the 19th century. Before that, we described the process as “paring.”

But that only gets us back two centuries. Where do we go after that?

Well, since we don’t have a firm backing for a lot of this historic stuff, literature is a helpful friend, as it can suggest the ways that things were discussed during certain historic eras.

Going back to the 18th century, for example, Irish dramatist George Farquhar’s 1702 work The Twin Rivals makes a reference to nail-paring in this way.

Here’s a rough translation of the specific passage to something resembling modern English: “… I found another very melancholy paring her Nails by Rosamond’s Pond,— and a Couple I got at the Chequer Alehouse in Holboure; the two last came to Town yesterday in a Weft-Country Waggon.”

Going back further, we know a few other things about fingernails—for example, that they emphasized status during China’s Ming Dynasty. Regarding the latter: Basically, you had long nails if you never did hard labor, but often wore your nails short if you did. (That touches on another point about nail length: The more physical labor you do, the more likely your nails are going to be short.)

But where did our interest in well-cared-for fingernails come from in the first place? The ancient Romans, to be specific.

Roman satirist Horace.

Again, the evidence there comes from literature. The satirist Horace repeatedly touched upon fingernails in his works. In the work Satires, dated 35 B.C., Horace came up with the idiom of biting one’s fingernails out of nervousness (or as he put it, with some modernization, “… in the composition of verses, would often have scratched his head, and bit his nails to the quick.”)

But a later work, the first book of Epistles (circa 20 BC), offers up the largest historic hint. In a passage where he introduces an auctioneer, he also makes reference to the process of nail trimming in ancient barber shops. A modern reference from Poetry in Translation:

Philippus the famous lawyer, one both resolute

And energetic, was heading home from work, at two,

And complaining, at his age, about the Carinae

Being so far from the Forum, when he noticed,

A close-shaven man, it’s said, in an empty barber’s

Booth, penknife in hand, quietly cleaning his nails.

Also in Horace’s time was a pivotal moment in the history of nail polish. Egyptian pharaoh Cleopatra, who lived between 69 and 30 B.C., was known for using the juice of henna plants to paint her nails in a rust-red color—and due to the social code of the time, she was one of the few to dye her nails red.

Going even further back, there’s a reference to trimming fingernails in the Old Testament (Deuteronomy 21:12), replete with some ancient gender politics. Per the New American Standard translation:

“When you go out to battle against your enemies, and the LORD your God delivers them into your hands and you take them away captive, and see among the captives a beautiful woman, and have a desire for her and would take her as a wife for yourself, then you shall bring her home to your house, and she shall shave her head and trim her nails.”

So based on all that, we’re talking about a written acknowledgement of fingernail-trimming that dates back to, roughly, the eighth century B.C.—a date far before Valentine Fogerty’s existence.

Before that, odds are good that hard labor played a major role in keeping fingernails short.

Or maybe, just maybe, our ancestors bit them down to size.

Fingernails (and likewise, toenails) aren’t like belly buttons, a minor part of the human body with little to no use in our day to day lives.

Our nails may be minor, but they’re often the last line of defense between us and a lot of pain. They can even serve important functional purposes. Guitarists, for example, often need strong nails to pick strings and strum. But good nails aren’t always easy to pull off.

Fortunately, there’s an expert on the guitar fingernail topic. In 2005, guitarist Rico Stover wrote a book titled The Guitarist’s Guide to Fingernails, in which he describes his frustrations as a guitarist with weak fingernails and his ways of getting around the problem. Soon after, Stover created a website called Ricoguitarnails.com, which features his artificial “Riconails” system—including an “emergency nail kit,” in case your tips aren’t cutting it during your Dave Matthews Cover Band’s big show.

“Anyone can grow good natural nails if they know what to do, when to do it, and why to do it,” he writes on his site.

It’s good to know that there’s someone else besides me who’s thought seriously about fingernails for any significant length of time.

—

Editor’s note: An earlier version of this article stated that fingernail clippers aren’t allowed on planes. As it turns out, that’s not the case. The story has been updated to reflect that. We regret the error.

Bruised Fingernail: What to Do When Your Nail Cracks or Falls Off

If you’re clear of the above signs, you’re likely good to skip the doctor and let the bruise heal up on its own. As for a cracked nail, you’ll have to wait for the damage to grow out. (Fun fact: Fingernails grow an average of 3.47 millimeters a month according to one 2010 study published in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.)

All that said, in the days following the injury, you should also be on the lookout for signs of infection.

What are the signs of a fingernail infection?

“If there is any pus, if it becomes really red and hot after the fact, or there is a lot of swelling, it’s a sign of infection,” dermatologist Mona Gohara, M.D., tells SELF. “If it’s green, that’s another sign that there is bacteria in there.” There might also be persistent pain that just doesn’t wane. These symptoms are all signs you need to see a doctor. Make an appointment with a dermatologist, primary care physician, or at an urgent care center to get the wound drained and get a prescription for antibiotics.

If you see red streaks on your hand or forearm or you feel feverish or nauseated, it could be much more serious. These are signs that the infection has spread to the bloodstream, which can lead to sepsis. “Sepsis is extremely serious, and anyone seeing the infection worsening with the spread to the hand should seek care at an E.R.,” says Dr. Lain.

What should I do if my fingernail starts falling off (or falls off completely)?

Yes, your fingernail falling off is a thing that can happen, so it’s good to be prepared. After an acute trauma, your nail may turn black and seem like it’s barely hanging on. Please, please, don’t pull it off. You can cut it down, but let the injury grow out on its own. “Leave it alone, because there is new nail growing underneath,” says Dr. Lain. “The new nail will push up the old nail, and it will come off when it’s ready.”

Once the fingernail falls off, it’s a good idea to protect the sensitive skin of the nail bed with a Band-Aid. “If you leave it open to the air, it can get very dry and very cracked, and if it gets traumatized, it can affect how the nail grows,” says Dr. Lain.

In some cases, like if the nail bed is infected, the doctor might have to remove the nail by force. This procedure is called a nail evulsion: First, they numb up your finger with a local numbing treatment. Then the doctor uses special tools to lift the nail on each side and peel the plate away from the nail bed. (Kind of sounds like something out of a horror movie, right?)

Can I get a manicure with a bruised fingernail?

Now, here’s what I really wanted to know: Can I cover a cracked or bruised fingernail with pretty polish while it’s healing? The answer is yes—with a few precautions.

Dr. Lain recommends first coating the nail with a layer of nail hardener to help protect the nail plate, and Dr. Gohara says nail polish is totally fine if there is just a crack in the nail (once the bleeding has stopped and the injury has had some time to heal, of course).

That said, you should put a pause on your gel manicure habit. “It is not the application of the gel, or the product itself, but rather the removal process that concerns me,” says Dr. Lain. “Gel polish is commonly removed incorrectly, leading to a compromise of the nail’s integrity or worsening of underlying damage.”

Above all, both derms say to avoid the nail salon. “If somebody is using scissors and cutting, you can introduce bacteria or fungus, because the nail has already been compromised,” says Dr. Gohara. It’s best to stick to DIY manicures until the nail has grown out. Luckily, we’re avoiding nail salons right now anyway, right?

Related:

Here’s what to do if you bit or cut your nails too short

Confession time: Up until about a year ago, I was a nail-biter. Before I started getting regular manicures—aka the key to finally stopping the habit for good!—I was often left with throbbing fingers from mindlessly chewing away. It was basically my prime stress-reliever. Whether you chew on your nails til the cuticles bleed or cut them too short with clippers, the result is always instant regret.

Fortunately, there’s a way to deal with the pain until your nails grow back out. According to Amy Ling Lin, founder of Sundays, a nail-care brand and studio in New York City, there are two things anyone with too-short nails should start doing immediately. The first is to practice good nail hygiene, because nobody wants to deal with an infection from bacteria seeping into the skin around the nail.

“I would suggest soaking your hands in warm water with a small slice of lemon a couple times a day to keep your nails clean,” she says. “Lemon is a natural antibacterial and antiseptic—however, I wouldn’t suggest having too many lemon slices, as it might cause your fingers to sting.”

Next, grab some nail oil. A little goes a long way when it comes to soothing your nails and giving you some relief. “Since your cuticle will be weak or improperly removed, try rubbing a natural cuticle oil such as jojoba oil,” Lin says. “It’s very moisturizing and a mild solution to help relieve pain without irritation. You can apply it numerous times a day.”

Related Stories

After your nails are clean and moisturized, your next step is vowing to never get into this painful situation ever again. The best way to do so is to quit trying to grow them out—for now, focus on keeping them nice, neat, and short.

“If you have issues with biting, I suggest keeping them short,” Lin says. “Having long nails is heavy on the cuticles, which will make them weak. You don’t want extra weight on it. A nail-biter has a compulsive need to remove any longer nails, so it’s easier to keep them short.”

Another tip? Make time for regular manicures, or DIY them at home. If your nails are pretty and polished, you might not be as tempted to chew them. Even during those intense episodes of Big Little Lies. If it worked for me, it’ll work for anyone.

The secret to happy, healthy nails is finally out: It’s none other than exfoliation. Also, find out how to make your nails stronger from years of biting since brittle nails can wreck your manicure.

90,000 Inflamed skin under the nail on the index finger. It seems that …: mishonet – LiveJournal

Ekaterina ( mishonet ) wrote,
2015-01-08 18:06:00 Ekaterina
mishonet
2015-01-08 18:06:00

Categories: Inflamed skin under with a fingernail. It seems that there were no cuts or injections at all, except that the mandarin was unsuccessfully cleaned.And this rubbish, instead of quickly passing through, hurts for the third day, and every day it is more noticeable.
It hurts like an abscess (the finger is a little swollen and throbbing, especially if it is immersed in warm water), although I don’t see any damage to the skin.
I look on the Internet, this rubbish is called “felon”. They write what can occur against the background of a weakened immunity, which looks very logical. I just got sick: I sat for a day with a blister on my lip and swollen lymph nodes on my neck. And I’m pretty sure it happened against the backdrop of poor food during the holidays! All these salads, roasts and other harmful filth with almost complete absence of real food (i.e.i.e. cereals, vegetables and dietary chicken meals). I adjusted the diet, but the problem with a specific sore still remains.
I am trying to solve it by means of warm sage baths with sea salt, as well as compresses with aloe.
And, as luck would have it, the right hand …

• (no subject)

  It seems that I will soon become a raw foodist or something like that. I returned to Moscow, and again my appetite was safely gone! I can not. This bread is terrible, from …

• Crimean Chronicles – 1

  From April 6 to 14, my husband and I were in Crimea.He – after a twenty-year break, I – for the first time in my life. And in general, we are already …

• Today we have three questions on our agenda

  1) What can be done right now with an ankle tucked up on icy so that the foot after a night of rest does not turn into a pie? 2) Here I have …

Photo

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Scientists have found out why severed fingertips grow in people

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Scientists have found out why cut off fingertips grow back in people

Scientists found out why cut off fingertips grow back in people – RIA Novosti, 06/13/2013

Scientists found out why cut off fingertips grow in people

Scientists have discovered that at the base of the human nail there is a small group of stem cells, thanks to which the nail grows constantly. It turned out that the same mechanism is responsible for the restoration of the fingertips.

2013-06-13T15: 22

2013-06-13T15: 22

2013-06-13T16: 07

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Scientists have discovered that at the base of the human nail there is a small group of stem cells, thanks to which the nail is constantly growing. It turned out that the same mechanism is responsible for the restoration of the fingertips.

90,000 Skin lesions in diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects the entire human body.Often, the life of people living with diabetes is complicated not only by the need to constantly monitor blood sugar (glucose) levels, eye, kidney, cardiovascular lesions, but also by various skin disorders

The skin of diabetic patients undergoes a kind of general changes. With a severe course of the disease, it becomes rough to the touch, its turgor decreases, and significant peeling develops, especially of the scalp. Hair loses its shine. Calluses and cracks appear on the soles and palms.Often, a pronounced yellowish coloration of the skin develops. Nails are deformed and thickened.

Certain dermatological manifestations can act as “signaling signs” of an as yet undetermined diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. As a rule, the disease is indicated by itching, dry mucous membranes and skin, recurrent skin infections (candidiasis, pyoderma), diffuse hair loss.

The etiology of skin lesions in diabetes is clearly associated with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.To prevent the development of complications, patients need to constantly monitor their blood sugar levels. The closer this indicator is to “non-diabetic”, the less the likelihood of the appearance and development of complications.

Dry skin in diabetes mellitus

When the blood sugar (glucose) level is high, the body of a diabetic patient excretes excess urine and loses fluid. This means that the skin is also dehydrated: the skin becomes dry and flaky.The work of the sebaceous and sweat glands is disrupted. Unpleasant itching occurs, cracks form, and the risk of developing skin infections increases.

Following the rules of skin hygiene will prevent skin lesions. But for diseased skin, ordinary cosmetic products, such as toilet soap, are not suitable: it lowers the acidity of the skin, reducing its resistance to microbes. Therefore, wash your face, hands and feet with pH-neutral soap. And it is generally better to clean the face with water lotions or cosmetic milk.

Much attention should be paid to the skin of the hands and feet. Keeping the skin clean, using special moisturizing and emollient cosmetics is a necessary daily procedure for diabetics. The most effective are cosmetics containing urea.

Hyperkeratosis in diabetes mellitus

Hyperkeratosis (excessive formation of calluses) is one of the main causes of diabetic ulcers.When wearing tight shoes, constant pressure on a specific area can cause calluses. They usually occur on the sole (corns), on the upper surface of the toe, sometimes on the lateral side and in the interdigital space. The resulting callus presses on the skin, causing hemorrhage underneath it, which can subsequently lead to the formation of a trophic ulcer. Dry skin of the heel area leads to its keratinization, the appearance of cracks, which cause a lot of inconvenience when walking and can also become infected.

Patients with diabetes should wear comfortable, preferably special orthopedic shoes to avoid foot deformities, calluses and abrasions. Already formed corn should never be cut off or steamed in hot water. It is forbidden to use corn fluid and plasters. The means of choice in such cases are special emollient and moisturizing creams containing a large amount (about 10%) of urea. It is best to use them 2-3 times a day: apply to clean skin, preferably after treatment with a pumice stone, and make sure that the cream does not get into the area between the fingers.

Trophic ulcers in diabetes mellitus

Diabetic ulcers appear when infected wounds have not been properly treated. With the formed trophic ulcers, patients with diabetes mellitus are treated in the office of the “Diabetic foot”. The general principles of treatment are the use of modern dressings (alginates, polyurethane foam dressings, hydrogels, etc.), regular treatment of the wound with alcohol-free antibacterial agents and the correct use of antibiotics.

Infection of cuts and small skin lesions in diabetes mellitus

In patients with diabetes mellitus, skin infections often occur at the sites of insulin injections and blood sampling. Small cuts in the skin during nail clipping can also act as an entry gate for infection. Because of the impaired nerve conduction (diabetic neuropathy), people with diabetes have reduced pain sensitivity, and even serious skin damage can go unnoticed, leading to infection eventually.Therefore, patients with diabetes mellitus pay considerable attention to the condition of the skin, undergo special training under the “Diabetic Foot” program.

For the treatment of small wounds, in no case should it be recommended to use alcohol-containing solutions (iodine, brilliant green) or potassium permanganate solution. It is best to treat with hydrogen peroxide, furacilin, chlorhexidine, or apply special cosmetics containing antibacterial components. If signs of inflammation appear (its signs are redness, swelling, soreness), the patient should immediately see a doctor.

Fungal infection of nails and skin (mycosis) in diabetes mellitus

The source of fungal infection is contact with the skin of pathogens of mycoses. The weakening of the immune defense in diabetic patients leads to the fact that the fungus begins to multiply actively. Lesions by fungal infections in patients with diabetes mellitus are more than 2 times more common than in healthy people.

Mycosis of the nail plate (onychomycosis) is manifested by a discoloration of the nail, its thickening or stratification.The thickened nail creates additional pressure on the toe in the shoe, resulting in a diabetic ulcer. To reduce the thickness of the nail, patients with diabetes regularly carry out mechanical processing of the plate: grinding with a file or pumice stone.

Itching, irritation in the folds of the skin or in the interdigital space indicates the presence of fungal skin lesions. To prevent the occurrence of mycoses of the skin, it is possible to recommend to patients the daily use of cosmetic creams containing fungicidal and antibacterial complexes.Fungal infections are well treated with modern medications, both oral and topical, provided they do not add moisture between the toes.

Diabetic patients are characterized by increased sweating, impaired thermoregulation, especially in the folds of the skin, resulting in diaper rash. To prevent the development of a fungal infection, it is recommended to treat areas with diaper rash with talcum powder or prophylactic creams containing zinc oxide.

Diabetic foot syndrome

It is well known that people with diabetes have a significantly higher risk of foot injury than other people.Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) – a complex of purulent-destructive lesions of the lower extremities in diabetes – is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, often leading to leg amputation. Quite eloquently, this is evidenced by at least the fact that the risk of developing gangrene of the feet in patients with diabetes is 10-15 times higher.

In case of damage to peripheral nerve endings, the skin of the legs will cease to feel pain, temperature changes, and touch. This poses a high risk of injury.The patient can step on a sharp object, get burned, rub his leg – and not feel it. Violations of capillary blood flow (microangiopathy) dramatically reduce the ability of a wound to heal.

The manifestations of SDS include: trophic ulcers; chronic, long-lasting purulent wounds; phlegmon of the foot; osteomyelitis of the bones of the foot; gangrene of one or more fingers, all or part of the foot. Treatment of a diabetic foot is very complicated and costly, often patients come to the doctor at such a stage of the development of complications that only amputation can save their lives.Therefore, it is very important that patients know that early treatment, prevention of skin lesions, and foot care are essential measures to prevent disability.

Diabetic foot care differs significantly from normal hygiene in people without diabetes. The main point in the treatment of diabetic foot is the correction of the blood sugar level, therefore, the treatment is carried out, as a rule, by a surgeon together with an endcrinologist. It is almost impossible to achieve good results in the treatment of infectious skin diseases without the correction of carbohydrate metabolism.

Special rules for foot care have been developed for patients, offices or departments of the “Diabetic Foot” operate in polyclinics.

Today, diabetics can find everything they need for special skin care in pharmacies. A sufficient selection of expensive imported and effective but affordable Russian products will help make thorough skin care for diabetes mellitus a good habit, improve the quality of life of patients and avoid the development of a number of serious complications

How to stop bleeding from a cut or scratch

When to seek medical attention as soon as possible

Here are some signs of a wound ^{that should be shown to your doctor.In some cases, your life may depend on it. Don’t hesitate.}

1. The cut looks deep, is bleeding heavily, and you cannot stop the bleeding for 10 minutes. There are no options here: either urgently contact the emergency room, or call an ambulance.
2. The wound can be described as “gaping”. The cut is deep and wide enough, or has ragged edges.
3. A deep cut is located on the face. Even if it is safe, it can leave an unaesthetic scar if it is not stitched in time.
4. You have been bitten by an animal or person. If you have been bitten by a pet and the scratch is small, most likely, there will be no trouble. But if we are talking about a bite of an unfamiliar living creature, it is better to see a doctor. Rabies after the onset of symptoms is already incurable ^{and 100% fatal. But if you get vaccinated on time, death can be avoided.}
5. A scratch or cut was taken outdoors, dirt got into the wound, and you do not have a tetanus shot. Either there is a vaccination, but more than 10 years have passed since the vaccination.Tetanus pathogens enter the wound with dirt. The prognosis is more friendly than with rabies: in the absence of timely treatment, 90,224 die, up to 80% of cases, and not all 100%. But whether you are lucky is another question.
6. The wound was caused by a nail. Especially rusty ^{. These puncture wounds are the most dangerous in terms of tetanus.}
7. Signs of infection have appeared. Reddened hot skin, swelling, purulent discharge from the wound, fever, red streaks under the skin in the area of ​​the cut – all this indicates an infection.There is a chance that the body will cope on its own. If not, you are at risk of blood poisoning. It is lethal, if that.

However, no matter how dangerous or safe a cut, first aid begins with the same step. You must stop the bleeding. Well, or at least try to do it.

How to stop bleeding from a small cut and what to do next

A short guide ^{for the care of small cuts and scrapes looks like this.}

1. Wash your hands

It is important not to infect the wound.Soap and water, hand sanitizer gels, and wet wipes will do. You can also wear sterile medical gloves if available.

2. Stop the bleeding

For minor cuts or scrapes, the bleeding usually stops quickly on its own, so you can skip this step. If blood still leaks, place a piece of clean gauze or other cloth over the wound and press down slightly. Leaving the bandage on for a minute or two is often enough.

If you don’t have gauze at hand, you can use the old-fashioned method – put a plantain leaf washed with water and slightly crumpled (to let the juice out) on the wound.The sap of this plant contains astringents, which in theory help stop bleeding. But there is still no unequivocal evidence for this: more research is required.

Another life hack: to stop the bleeding, raise the injured arm or leg (if they are cut) above the level of the heart.

Attention: if intensive bleeding does not stop within 10 minutes, remember the beginning of the text and urgently seek medical help.

3.Rinse the wound with water

Naturally clean. The best option is warm water and soap.

Caution: Do not use hydrogen peroxide or iodine. These products can cause additional irritation.

4. Carefully remove dirt and debris from the wound

Most often they are washed out with water in the previous step. If any lumps of dirt still remain, try removing them with alcohol-treated tweezers.

Caution: If large splinters are involved or if effort is required to remove dirt, leave them alone.Overdoing it and still pulling out the excess, you run the risk of provoking new bleeding. And it’s not a fact that it can be stopped just as easily. In this case, the wound should be treated by a doctor – a surgeon or a doctor on duty in an emergency room.

5. Apply antibiotic ointment or petroleum jelly to the wound

Both will help keep your skin hydrated. This is important to avoid scarring. And the antibiotic also reduces the risk of infection.

Caution: Occasionally the ingredients in the ointment can cause a mild rash.If you notice this in yourself, stop using the particular tool. And check with your therapist: he will suggest a safer option.

6. Cover the cut with a bandage

This will protect the wound from new bacteria. If you hurt your finger or, for example, your hand, it is convenient to bandage them. If a wider part of the body is affected, apply a gauze bandage and secure it with adhesive tape. Change the dressing 1-2 times a day until the wound heals.

Most cuts and scrapes heal completely ^{in 7-10 days.}

Caution: If the cut or scratch is very small, leave it open – it will heal faster.

7. Monitor the wound

If signs of infection appear (listed at the beginning of the text), see your doctor.

Warning: Do not ignore the infection. It is important.

How to stop bleeding in a deep cut and what to do next

Deep cuts are already dangerous. Large blood vessels may be affected, which increases the risk of serious blood loss or blood poisoning.It is impossible to self-medicate in such cases. So proceed like this.

1. Call your doctor

If the cut is bleeding heavily and / or is causing the victim significant pain, call an ambulance. If the situation seems to be under control and generally bearable, go to the emergency room or try talking to your physician or surgeon over the phone.

2. Try to stop the bleeding

This should be done while you are waiting for an ambulance or preparing to go to the emergency room.Rinse the wound quickly with water (soap is good) to wash away any debris, then apply a pressure bandage if there are no large debris left in the cut. A piece of clean gauze or cloth will need to be held over the cut for about 5 minutes. Do not remove it before ^{: you can rip off the newly formed blood clot and the bleeding will only worsen.}

If there are still large fragments in the wound and it was not possible to wash them off with water, do not try to pull them out – this can intensify bleeding.Let the doctor take them out (who is already coming to you or to whom you are in a hurry on your own). To reduce the bleeding, in this case, you can:

• Raise the affected part of the body above the level of the heart.
• Place a tourniquet on the injured limb – 7–10 cm above the wound. Pharmacy harnesses and turnstiles can be used, as well as homemade ones – for example, a belt or a twisted T-shirt. Mark the time of application of the tourniquet (with the same marker on the skin). You have 1-2 hours to see a doctor.

3. If the bleeding has been stopped, treat the wound with an antiseptic ointment

Do not go deep into the cut: it is enough to treat its edges. Then apply a sterile cloth to the wound – a bandage or gauze.

4. Wait for an appointment with your doctor

Again, this is a must for a deep cut.

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Wound patch: healing, sterile, postoperative

All wounds, regardless of their origin, must be protected from dirt, dust, friction and other external influences.Untimely processing and the absence of regular dressings are fraught with suppuration and the development of a secondary infection. This is especially true for open wounds. Medical product manufacturers have a wide variety of wound healing patches. These are, for the most part, hypoallergenic bactericidal products in the form of strips with adhesive edges or liquid formulations.

The classic wound plaster is a porous strip on an adhesive base, in the center of which there is a gauze pad with an antiseptic (bactericidal) impregnation.Depending on the company, silver ions, analgesics, helium, herbal extracts and wax are used as impregnation.

The hypoallergenic adhesive plaster for wounds by its characteristics is analogous to the bactericidal one, but the gauze area is impregnated with compounds that prevent the appearance of irritation and rashes on the skin. Suitable for particularly sensitive skin, for children and people with allergic reactions.

By designation, all products are divided into:

• postoperative, healing sutures;
• fixing the edges of the wounds;
• from purulent wounds and burns;
• for corns and calluses;
• for scars resorption;
• fixing medical bandages.

Correct use of wound patch

The use of a medical plaster for wounds is possible both in everyday life and in medical institutions and does not require specific knowledge – you just need to remove the protective film and press the tissue part to the wound. It is only important to choose the right type of patch for the wound so that the effect is maximized.

Blisters and calluses on the feet and toes are caused by wearing uncomfortable shoes. To reduce discomfort, relieve pain and prevent infection of the callus if it breaks, you need to tape the damaged area.For these purposes, there are different products, each of which has its own characteristics.

1. From corns – protection from moisture and friction, prevention of skin coarsening. The keratolytic substance included in the impregnation softens the keratinized skin, and the remaining components disinfect, relieve pain, and stimulate healing.
2. Against wet calluses – protection against mechanical damage, pain relief, prevention of infection. Hydrocolloid material stimulates blister resorption, tissue regeneration, and healthy cell growth.
3. From core and dry calluses – the hardened layer is absorbed due to special impregnation, old calluses soften and peel off. The products adhere well to the skin.

For the treatment of trophic burns and diabetic skin lesions, a healing plaster for wounds is used. Damaged skin must be protected from bacteria penetration. To do this, manufacturers impregnate the fabric area of ​​products with special compounds. In contact with the wound, the product creates a gel layer and anesthetizes the area.Skin cells receive an optimal environment for accelerated regeneration.

The duration of wearing a bandage for burns differs from the recommendations for a conventional antibacterial wound patch. After fixing, you need to leave the product on the wound until it heals, and there is no need to take it off while bathing in the shower and change it regularly. Such treatment is indicated for burns of 1-2 degrees. More serious injuries require specialist intervention.

Correct use of a healing patch for wounds guarantees accelerated cell regeneration, destruction of harmful microorganisms, and elimination of edema.The impregnation contains mainly natural plant-based components. The therapeutic effect has a prolonged effect.

What are the postoperative sterile patches

Surgical intervention requires the subsequent application of a sterile medical postoperative patch. It is able to replace a sterile dressing, providing the same function – protecting a fresh wound from infection and subsequent problems. If the incision is small, it is possible to fix the edges of the wound.Manufacturers offer products with different impregnations, the action of which is selected taking into account the need.

1. Antibacterial wound healing plaster with silver. Accelerates the regeneration of the skin. The absorbent base allows you to re-dressings much less frequently. There are products for children and adults, standard and waterproof.
2. Postoperative non-woven dressing is made of elastic materials and is specially designed for moving parts of the body.The microporous surface provides air exchange, which eliminates irritation and diaper rash. During dressing, the adhesive is easily separated from the skin, and no traces remain.
3. Product for suture resorption after surgery. Indications for use – epithelialization of wounds and protection from re-infection. The material absorbs wound discharge well, protects the surface from mechanical and other influences. Due to the transparent base, you can observe the process without peeling off the film each time.

How to fix the wound edges correctly?

Special adhesive-based healing dressings are used to fix the edges of wounds that are small and deep cuts. The purpose of the product is to prevent inaccurate alignment of the edges and the subsequent formation of an ugly scar.

The most common field of application is plastic surgery, where it is necessary to tighten the wounds of damaged areas on the face. It is here that the mimic muscles determine the special mobility of the skin.If you do not fix the edges of the wound, scars will remain. Specialized products are more functional than conventional dressings. Strip strips will ensure the formation of an even scar, which will subsequently dissolve without leaving any traces. At home, such strips are used for minor cuts. If the wound is deep, you should see a specialist who will carry out the proper treatment and then fix the wound for early healing.

Specialist advice for proper wound care

Even the best dressing materials will not give the expected effect if used incorrectly.It is not difficult to remember the recommendations of specialists. It remains only to remember about them at the right time and timely replenish the home first aid kit with everything necessary for first aid.

Before bandaging and bandaging the wound, the damaged area itself and the surrounding skin must be processed taking into account a number of rules. They are especially careful with wounds after surgery. The rules for using dressings with an adhesive base are as follows:

• Before opening the package, wash your hands with soap and water, dry them with paper towels and treat with an antiseptic;
• The next step is to make sure that the expiration date on the package has not yet expired;
• when opening the package, you must avoid touching the product in those places that will come into contact with the wound;
• Having pulled the dressing product out of the package, it is worth holding it only by the outer side;
• Polyethylene or paper strips covering the glue layer are removed, holding the product by the free fragment;
• a strip is applied to a dry and clean wound so that its central impregnated section covers the entire wound, and the glue is outside the damaged skin;
• unless otherwise provided, the dressing is done at least once a day.Exceptions are made for burns when the dressing is left in place for a long time;
• To make a dressing, you need to grip the edge, and hold the skin nearby with your free hand. Considering that you will need 2 hands at once, it is advisable that not the one who is injured is engaged in the bandaging.

Among the useful advice given by experts, there is often a recommendation to shave the skin around the wound. This is necessary because the hair can cause infection of the wound surface even under the dressing and after treatment.In addition, the presence of even vellus hair makes the dressing painful.

The recommendations listed in the article will help with due attention to the process of processing and dressing wounds. All that remains is to buy the necessary dressing materials, choosing medical products from trusted manufacturers. The range of products is quite wide, and prices vary depending on the brand and country of origin.

90,000 Paronychia in children

What is paronychia and how does it differ from felon?

In short, panaritium is a common medical name for different types of purulent inflammation of the tissues of the hands and feet.These inflammations can have different localization on the affected limb, be skin, subcutaneous, articular and even bone. Paronychia is a special case of panaritium: it is an inflammation of the tissues around the nail plate. Sometimes paronychia is called periungual panaritium.
Paronychia in children occurs mainly as a result of mechanical injury. It can happen during a manicure or pedicure, while playing – a child can injure the skin near the nail or plant a splinter, get burned, spend some time in tight, uncomfortable shoes.A child may unsuccessfully bite off or pull off an interfering burr or bite on nails.
Of course, the wound itself does not necessarily lead to tissue inflammation. Therefore, any cuts and punctures in the skin should be treated with an antiseptic as soon as possible. But if an infection has got into the wound, the tissues turn red, swell, and later pus may appear – these are already manifestations of paronychia.
Less common, but it happens that paronychia is not preceded by trauma. In adult patients, the cause is more often a fungus, in children – staphylococcus and streptococcus.In general, children suffer from paronychia more often than adults, because they are more likely to be injured and poorly observe hygiene requirements.

Which doctor should I make an appointment with if a child’s finger is inflamed?

If you’ve recently discovered inflammation around your child’s nail, it makes sense to make an appointment with your pediatrician first. In children, paronychia often gives not only local pain and discomfort, but also a general deterioration in well-being: fever, tearfulness and moodiness from a constant irritating factor, sleep disturbances.Even weakness and nausea may appear. All these are the consequences of intoxication. Therefore, you need to see a pediatrician as soon as possible. If it is tightened, there is a possibility that the infection will affect the nail, and then it may even have to be removed – in part or in whole.
After examining the finger, a competent pediatrician will either prescribe conservative therapy for local treatment of the damaged area, or, if the infection has already developed to a purulent stage, refer the little patient to a specialist doctor – a pediatric surgeon.If you find pus on your own, you can immediately enroll in the children’s clinic directly to the surgeon, bypassing the pediatrician.

How is paronychia treated?

At the stage of conservative treatment, depending on what caused the lesion, the doctor may prescribe antifungal drugs or antibiotics, both local and general, taken orally. Usually, warm lotions are also prescribed, which must be applied to the site of the lesion. Levomekol is often prescribed for treatment, which has a good anti-inflammatory effect, including when infected with staphylococcus.
Surgical treatment of paronychia does not differ from any other purulent inflammation. The abscess is opened, cleaned of purulent contents, the wound cavity, if necessary, is drained, the affected area is disinfected. Until he recovers, he will have to change the bandage every day. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia and takes an average of 20 minutes. The child may be prescribed antibiotics – local, in the form of an ointment, or for oral administration. During the rehabilitation period, the finger cannot be wetted. Therefore, you will have to refuse to visit the pool and sauna.You can swim if the child himself or the adult who helps him can control that the finger remains dry.

90,000 Life hacks from a nail stylist for nail care at home

Today we are constantly urged to remember that it is necessary to wash our hands more often and thoroughly with soap and water. But all women (and many men too) are accustomed to taking care not only of cleanliness, but also of the beauty of their hands.

Forced self-isolation is good for taking a break from some beauty treatments, using natural remedies to heal skin, hair, etc.e. But not a reason for giving up beauty and home.

For example, well-groomed hands are an indicator of how a person treats himself and others. Manicure is, in part, also a manifestation of discipline and patience, since the procedure takes time and requires regularity.

Modern women, and often men, go to nail salons instead of a session with a psychotherapist, and masters often become their friends. And now they especially strongly ask us not to use barbaric methods to remove the overgrown long-term coating, not to break off the burrs and not to bite our nails.

How can you not ruin your nails and start your appearance in self-isolation? Advice to readers of “RG” is given by the owner of the nail studio, Alexandra Skoptsova.

– The first thing I want to share with the readers of “RG” is a life hack about hygiene. Do not forget that viruses can get not only on the skin of the hands, but also under the nails. To deal with them, we take an old toothbrush, soap it and clean it properly under the nails. I advise you to use this technique not only during a pandemic, but always – there is no place for microbes on our hands.

And now about beauty. Nails, like skin, are a reflection of our health. The main criterion for care is proper nutrition and vitamins so that the nails are not brittle, the cuticles and the skin around them, as well as the mandatory use of hand cream.

Many people use cosmetic cuticle oil, but sometimes it can dry it even more, so the most common moisturizer will do more benefits than newfangled products.

To make your hands look beautiful and well-groomed, you do not need a complex set of a nail master.For a manicure at home, you only need to have an orange tree stick and a soft file from 180 grit – this is an indicator of the abrasiveness of the file, that is, the number of abrasive particles per square centimeter of surface. The higher the number, the thinner the abrasiveness and the “softer” the file. Usually, two numbers are indicated on the packaging of high-quality files – these are indicators for different sides of it.

The nail file gives the desired shape to the nails, and the orange stick is needed to move the cuticles.It is important to do this carefully, without haste and without fanaticism, so as not to damage the thin skin. If you have cuticle clippers in your home kit, you can use them, provided that you know how to do it, otherwise there is a possibility of cuts that will take a long time to heal, and it will definitely not benefit your hands. Do not forget to clean with a stick and under your nails afterwards.

Nails grow, on average, one millimeter per week. This means that those who managed to make long-term coverage even before the quarantine itself already see the need to remove it.It is not difficult to do this at home. You will need: cotton pads, foil, nail file, orange stick and special gel polish remover – all of which are sold at your nearest supermarket or available online.

First you need to carefully file off the top layer of the topcoat with a nail file, otherwise the liquid will not dissolve all layers. It is better to choose a softer file, from 180 grit or more.

Cotton pads can be cut into 4 pieces to better fit the shape of the nail.Then generously moisten each piece with nail polish remover, apply it to your nail, and wrap the tip of your finger tightly with foil.

It is necessary to keep the nails in the foil for 15 to 20 minutes, then carefully, one nail at a time, remove the foil and clean the surface of the nail with an orange stick. If not all of the gel polish is removed, the procedure can be repeated.

After you have removed the colored coat and some of the base coat, go over the nails with the softest nail file or buff (a bar for grinding and polishing nails).The rigidity of their edges is also different, the numbers start at 220 grit. There is one nuance here. If you have strengthened or straightened your nails, then in this case you will have to file down a lot, because the liquid simply will not take such thick layers.

It is important to know that the remover itself has a negative effect on the nails and the skin around them, so it should not be overused. And after the removal procedure, be sure to use hand cream.

Use lemon juice to whiten your nails: if your nails are of medium length, lemon helps to whiten the regrown part.Contrary to popular myths, lemon will not add any health to your nails, but it will whiten them for sure.

There is a lot of unreliable information about the fact that permanent manicure “spoils” nails and dries them out. But a living nail is formed in the matrix zone, a little further than the cuticle, we do not see it. Everything that we see is already an inanimate part, therefore, if you use the services of a competent master who does not saw through the layers of the nail plate, then permanent manicure will not bring any harm, including the application of gel polish.In addition, the nail grows on average 3-4 millimeters per month, so each new coating is applied to the renewed nail plate.

Toenails also require care, especially now, when there is no opportunity to do a professional pedicure. The skin on the legs sometimes suffers more than the hands, so it needs maximum hydration. It is good to always have a special heel grater in the bathroom, which removes old dry skin, giving smooth feet. This procedure can be safely done as needed, as soon as you feel discomfort, and after it, be sure to use a foot cream.They tend to be thicker and oily as they are specifically designed for foot care.

There are a couple of important rules to follow with toenails.