Nail diseases chart: Pictures, symptoms, and treatments

The following are diseases that commonly affect the nails:

Nail psoriasis

Nail psoriasis can cause nail denting or crumbling.

Causes

People living with psoriasis may develop symptoms. It occurs when psoriasis affects the skin of the nail bed or near the nail beds.

Symptoms

Potential symptoms include:

• crumbling nails
• pitting
• changes in color to yellow or brown
• a build-up of skin under the nails
• blood under the nails
• the nail separates from the bed

Treatments

People should talk to their doctor if they live with psoriasis and notice symptoms on their fingernails. Treatments may include:

• strong corticosteroid cream
• tazarotene, to treat pitting and discoloration
• calcipotriol, to treat build-up under the nail
• injections of corticosteroids
• laser treatment

Learn more about nail psoriasis here.

Brittle splitting nails

Brittle splitting nails, or onychoschizia, is a common issue that dermatologists see. The condition can cause brittle, soft, splitting, or thin nails.

Causes

Common causes of brittle nails are repeatedly wetting and drying the nails. Though less common, other causes may include iron deficiency or underlying illness.

Symptoms

The most common symptom is that the nails break easily. The American Osteopathic College of Dermatology state people can often tell if the cause is internal, as the condition affects both fingernails and toenails. If there is an external cause, symptoms will typically only affect the fingernails.

Treatments

The most common remedy is for people to use moisturizer, and keep the nails protected from chemicals and repeated exposure to water.

Onychogryphosis

Onychogryphosis is a condition where the nail becomes overgrown and thick, often affecting the big toe. It can cause one portion of the nail to grow longer than the other part.

Causes

Potential causes of onychogryphosis include:

• genetics
• injury
• circulation issues
• psoriasis
• ichthyosis

Symptoms

When a person has onychogryphosis, the nail grows very thick. In other cases, a portion of the nail may grow larger than the other part. The growth can resemble a ram’s horn, so people often refer to it as Ram’s horn nails.

Treatments

A person will likely need to see a podiatrist or dermatologist, to help cut the nail. They may be able to show the person how to do this at home. People may need several trips to the doctor to cut it back and let it regrow. The only permanent treatment is the removal of the nail bed.

Ingrown toenails

An ingrown toenail can cause pain and swelling, and in some cases, they can become infected.

Causes

According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, genetics may play a role in the development of ingrown toenails. Also, there are other potential causes, including:

• not keeping nails trimmed
• wearing tight socks or shoes
• physical injury

Symptoms

Symptoms can include:

• swelling and tenderness
• redness
• soreness
• pus

Treatments

Treatments may include:

• surgery
• soaking the nail in warm water 3 to 4 times each day
• wearing comfortable shoes
• keeping the foot dry
• taking acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain

Learn more about ingrown toenails here.

Nail fungal infections

Nail fungal infections are a common condition that causes the nails to become thick, discolored, and easier to break. Nail fungus is more common in the toes than fingers.

Causes

Several different types of molds and fungus can affect nails. They grow when a crack or break traps fungi between the nail and the nail bed.

Sweat, athlete’s foot, and salon manicures and pedicures can put people at higher risk of nail fungal infections.

Symptoms

Symptoms include:

• thick nails
• discolored nails that are brown, yellow or white
• fragile or cracked nails

Fungus under the nails often is not painful.

Treatments

Remedies typically involve the use of antifungal medication. People may need a prescription, or a doctor can fully remove the nail.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it can take more than a year for successful treatment.

Learn more about nail fungal infections.

Onycholysis

Onycholysis is when the toe or fingernail painlessly separates from the nail bed. It typically occurs slowly over time and could result from an underlying health condition or injury.

Causes

The most common cause is from local injury to the nail. Other triggers include:

• excessive filing
• exposure to chemicals
• allergic contact dermatitis
• submersion in water

Psoriasis, fungal infections, and reactions to certain medications are also common causes.

Symptoms

The main symptom of onycholysis is the separation of the nail from the nail bed. This can result in discoloration of the nail, turning it green, yellow, or opaque. It can also cause additional skin tissue under the nail, nail pitting, nail thickening, or bending of the nail edges.

Treatments

Management varies based on the exact cause of the onycholysis. Some potential treatments could include:

• treating psoriasis with oral or other medications
• treating iron deficiency
• oral antifungal treatments

Prevention is also important. Harvard Health Publishing recommend people take the following steps:

• keeping their nails trimmed
• using rubber gloves when submerging hands in water for long periods
• avoiding harsh chemicals
• treating underlying conditions

Learn more about onycholysis here.

Paronychia

Paronychia is an infection that causes redness and swelling around the edges of a nail bed.

Causes

There are two types of paronychia: acute and chronic. Acute paronychia occurs when there is an infection due to direct or indirect trauma to the cuticle or nail fold. Chronic paronychia is often the result of allergens or irritants.

Symptoms

Acute paronychia symptoms can include:

• swelling
• pain
• redness
• fever and gland pain in severe cases
• yellow pus

Chronic paronychia often starts on one nail and spreads to others. The nail folds may have the following symptoms:

• redness
• pain
• swelling
• yellow or green pus
• lifting of the nail from the bed
• tenderness

Treatments

Treatments vary based on the cause of the paronychia. For acute cases, the options may consist of:

• warm compresses
• topical antibiotics
• corticosteroids
• oral antibiotics
• surgical incision and drainage, in severe cases

To manage chronic paronychia, a doctor will typically treat the underlying cause of the inflammation. This can include avoiding allergens and irritants. Treatment can take several weeks to months.

Learn more about paronychia here.

People should talk to their doctor if they notice changes to their nails. A medical professional can diagnose the condition and recommend suitable treatment.

If someone undergoes treatment for a nail disease and there is no improvement, or new symptoms develop, they should seek medical advice.

Many diseases can affect the nails. Treatments typically involve preventing further nail damage and treating the underlying condition.

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schwerer nagelpilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Schwerer Nagelpilz

zehennagelpilz. menschliche viruserkrankungen. hintergrund für das design. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagelpilz. menschliche Viruserkrankungen. Hintergrund für…

zehennagel pilz (isolated on white – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagel Pilz (Isolated on White

“Makro-Nahaufnahme eines männlichen Fußes, der mit Zehennagelpilz infiziert ist. Flaches DOF, bitte zoomen Sie hinein, um die Details zu sehen. (Canon 5D Mark II, Adobe RGB) Verwandte Fotos:”

mikroskopische nahaufnahme des wachsenden mehltaus – 3d-illustration – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Mikroskopische Nahaufnahme des wachsenden Mehltaus – 3D-Illustrati

Mikroskopische Nahaufnahme des wachsenden Mehltaus – 3D-Darstellung

pilz pilz zwischen zehennagel. smelly feet – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pilz Pilz zwischen Zehennagel. Smelly Feet

dermatophytische onychomykose – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Dermatophytische Onychomykose

onychomykose – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Onychomykose

pilzinfektion des bereichs zwischen den zehen. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pilzinfektion des Bereichs zwischen den Zehen.

onychomykose-nägel vor grauem hintergrund – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Onychomykose-Nägel vor grauem Hintergrund

infizierter zehennagel – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Infizierter Zehennagel

Pilzinfektion des Zehennagels.

ärztliche untersuchung auf pilz am zehennagel. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Ärztliche Untersuchung auf Pilz am Zehennagel.

Fuß eines Mannes mit Pilzkrankheit.

daumen der menschlichen hand mit von zähnen gebissenem nagel unter schwarzem hintergrund – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Daumen der menschlichen Hand mit von Zähnen gebissenem Nagel. ..

nahaufnahme der hand einer frau. handflächenrückseite – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme der Hand einer Frau. Handflächenrückseite

mikroskopische bilder zeigen pilztest im mikrobiologischen labor, nagelkratzen, hautkratzen. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Mikroskopische Bilder zeigen Pilztest im mikrobiologischen Labor,

zehennagel mit pilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagel mit Pilz

vor und nach erfolgreicher behandlung einer pilzinfektion an den zehen – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Vor und nach erfolgreicher Behandlung einer Pilzinfektion an den…

Vor und nach der topischen antimykotischen Behandlung wird im großen Zeh einer Person gesehen, die an Onychomykose leidet, einer Pilzinfektion, die eine Gelbfärbung des Zehennagels verursacht

laserbehandlung auf zehennagel, pilzinfektion auf den zehennagel – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Laserbehandlung auf Zehennagel, Pilzinfektion auf den Zehennagel

pilze zwischen frau zehen – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pilze zwischen Frau Zehen

nagelpilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nagelpilz

Betroffene Fuß- und Pilzkrankheit

dermatologe untersucht patient mit zehennagelpilz. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Dermatologe untersucht Patient mit Zehennagelpilz.

großer zeh eines mannes mit zehennagelpilz. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Großer Zeh eines Mannes mit Zehennagelpilz.

Nahaufnahme des großen Zehs eines Mannes mit Zehennagelpilz. Gesundheitskonzept.

roter und brauner zehennagel auf weißer haut – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

roter und brauner Zehennagel auf weißer Haut

zehennagel pilz (isolated on white – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagel Pilz (Isolated on White

Makro-Nahaufnahme eines männlichen Fußes, der mit Zehennagelpilz infiziert ist. Flaches DOF, bitte zoomen Sie hinein, um die Details zu sehen. (Canon 5D Mark II, Adobe RGB)

nahaufnahme im großzehennagelpilz zerlumpt – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme im Großzehennagelpilz zerlumpt

gesunde und ungesunde nägel – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

gesunde und ungesunde Nägel

zehennagel pilz (isolated on white – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagel Pilz (Isolated on White

podologe frau hält in ihren händen ein gerät zur pediküre und behandlung von onychomykose – eine nagelpilzkrankheit – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Podologe Frau hält in ihren Händen ein Gerät zur Pediküre und. ..

ein gebrochener zehennagel. nagelpilzkrankheit – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Ein gebrochener Zehennagel. Nagelpilzkrankheit

großzeh einer person, die an onychomykose, einer pilzinfektion leidet – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Großzeh einer Person, die an Onychomykose, einer Pilzinfektion…

big toe hallux, blauer fleck hematoma – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Big Toe Hallux, Blauer Fleck Hematoma

nagel eines afrikanischen subjekts, das von onychomykose betroffen ist – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nagel eines afrikanischen Subjekts, das von Onychomykose…

füße alter männer. trockener fuß und hautalterung. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Füße alter Männer. Trockener Fuß und Hautalterung.

männliche geschnittene nägel mit nagelpilz. pilzinfektion an nägelbeinen, finger mit onychomykose. pflege und behandlung. nahaufnahme eines fußes mit beschädigten nägeln wegen pilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Männliche geschnittene Nägel mit Nagelpilz. Pilzinfektion an Nägel

onychomykose, eine nagelkrankheit, die durch pathogene pilze verursacht wird. speicherplatz für text kopieren – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Onychomykose, eine Nagelkrankheit, die durch pathogene Pilze…

Onychomykose, eine Nagelerkrankung, die durch pathogene Pilze verursacht wird. Kopieren Sie Speicherplatz für Text. Hochwertiges Foto

nagel-pilz, trockenen rough fuß große makro – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nagel-Pilz, trockenen rough Fuß große Makro

“Nagelpilz, trockener rauer Zehenfuß Makro. Nikon D800e Konvertiert von RAW.”

professionelle kosmetikerin, während onychomykose-behandlung und nagelrekonstruktion zu einem kunden, gesundheitstherapie – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Professionelle Kosmetikerin, während Onychomykose-Behandlung und…

laser-nagelpilzbehandlung in der klinik – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Laser-Nagelpilzbehandlung in der Klinik

onycholyse-nagel. die inschrift pilz in holzbuchstaben auf grauem grund – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Onycholyse-Nagel. Die Inschrift Pilz in Holzbuchstaben auf…

Onycholyse-Nagel. Die Inschrift Pilz in Holzbuchstaben auf grauem Hintergrund.

nagelpilz pilz-infektion auf nägel – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nagelpilz Pilz-Infektion auf Nägel

Onychomykose, dermatophytische Onychomykose, Ringelflechte des Nagels, Tinea unguium oder Pilzinfektion des Nagels, häufige Erkrankung der Nägel.

onychomykose mit pilzartige nagel infektion zwei füße – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Onychomykose mit pilzartige Nagel Infektion zwei Füße

Onychomykose mit Nagelpilzinfektion zwei Fuß

mit einem lack gegen nagelpilz. behandlung von nagelpilzinfektionen. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Mit einem Lack gegen Nagelpilz. Behandlung von…

Mit einem Lack gegen Nagelpilz. Nagelpilzinfektionsbehandlung.

pilz trichophyton rubrum, 3d-illustration – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pilz Trichophyton rubrum, 3D-Illustration

Pilz Trichophyton rubrum, 3D-Illustration mit Makrokonidien, Mikrokonidien und septierten Hyphen. Infiziert Haut und Nägel und verursacht Dermatophytose, insbesondere an Füßen (Tinea pedis) und Onychomykose

zehennagel pilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagel Pilz

pilze wachsen aus den nagelplatten an den füßen. konzept von nagelpilz, haut- und nagelinfektionen. zwei beine mit einem pilz aus nächster nähe im hintergrundlicht. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pilze wachsen aus den Nagelplatten an den Füßen. Konzept von…

podiatrist behandlung von füßen während des eingriffs – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Podiatrist Behandlung von Füßen während des Eingriffs

zehennagel pilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagel Pilz

Zehennagelpilz

mikroskopisch kleine pilze malassezia furfur mit hefezellen und hyphen. dermatophyten, nagelkratzen oder hautschaben für pilztest. – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Mikroskopisch kleine Pilze Malassezia furfur mit Hefezellen und…

gesunde und problematische fußfiguren. haut- oder nagelpilz. paar lustige menschliche bein. medizinische behandlung von derma beinerkrankungen, pilzinfektion. vektor im cartoon-stil. – nail fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Gesunde und problematische Fußfiguren. Haut- oder Nagelpilz….

nagel pilz-infektion. vor und nach der erneuerung behandlung. – nail fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Nagel Pilz-Infektion. Vor und nach der Erneuerung Behandlung.

fußhygiene – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Fußhygiene

Hautdesinfektion, Kosmetikerin desinfiziert die Füße von Frauen mit dem Präparat

zehennagel pilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagel Pilz

“Makro-Nahaufnahme eines männlichen Fußes, der mit Zehennagelpilz infiziert ist. Flaches DOF, bitte zoomen Sie hinein, um die Details zu sehen. (Canon 5D Mark II, Adobe RGB) Verwandte Fotos:”

fuß mit beschädigten nägeln dorsal, kallus, mais, wegen pilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Fuß mit beschädigten Nägeln dorsal, Kallus, Mais, wegen Pilz

Nahaufnahme eines Fußes mit beschädigten Nägeln wegen Pilz. Dorsal-, Hornhaut- und Maisfüße sind mit Keimen infiziert, die Nagelluxationen verursachen.

fuß mit beschädigten nägeln dorsal, kallus, mais, wegen pilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Fuß mit beschädigten Nägeln dorsal, Kallus, Mais, wegen Pilz

Nahaufnahme eines Fußes mit beschädigten Nägeln wegen Pilz. Dorsal-, Hornhaut- und Maisfüße sind mit Keimen infiziert, die Nagelluxationen verursachen.

nahaufnahme der zehennägel mit einem mit pilz infizierten nagel, häufige erkrankungen und infektionen – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nahaufnahme der Zehennägel mit einem mit Pilz infizierten Nagel,. ..

Nahaufnahme von Zehennägeln mit einem pilzinfizierten Nagel, Volkskrankheiten und Infektionen

menschliche zeigefinger mit onychomykose – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Menschliche Zeigefinger mit Onychomykose

ungesunder fuß mit nagelinfektion oder virus – nail fungus stock-grafiken, -clipart, -cartoons und -symbole

Ungesunder Fuß mit Nagelinfektion oder Virus

Person Füße mit Nagelkrankheit oder Infektion. Fuß mit Onychomykose oder Pilz an den Fingern. Medizinische Behandlung und Verfahren. Gesundheits- und Medizinkonzept. Flache Vektordarstellung.

nagelpilz an den händen krankheit. pilzinfektion an nagelhänden, finger mit onychomykose, schäden an menschlichen händen – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Nagelpilz an den Händen Krankheit. Pilzinfektion an Nagelhänden,…

Nagelpilz auf Händen Krankheit. Pilzinfektion an Nägeln, Händen, Finger mit Onychomykose, Schäden an menschlichen Händen

zehennagelpilz auf weiß. wunde zehennagel, nagelpilz aus der nähe – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagelpilz auf weiß. Wunde Zehennagel, Nagelpilz aus der Nähe

Zehennagelpilz auf weiß. Wunder Zehennagel, Nagelpilz aus nächster Nähe

zehennagel pilz – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Zehennagel Pilz

pilze zwischen frau zehen – nail fungus stock-fotos und bilder

Pilze zwischen Frau Zehen

Nahaufnahme der Füße einer Frau mit essbaren Pilzen zwischen den Zehen

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Green nail syndrome – causes, symptoms, treatment and prevention

August 06, 2021

Almost every one of us faced different problems with nails. Ribbing, delamination, discoloration are the most common of them. Often the nail turns green – this means that one of the infections has got into the nail plate: a virus, bacterium or fungus. The treatment in each case is different, so you need to “know the enemy by sight” and be able to fight him.

Causes of green nail syndrome

The most common causes of green nails are:

Traumatic injuries

As a result of microtrauma or bruising, blood accumulates under the nail, soaking the soft tissues. At first, the skin becomes purple-cyanotic, with time it becomes green, and then yellowish. This is a natural process that should not be interfered with. If the cause of the problem is an injury, over time, the nail plate will again acquire a uniform healthy shade.

Fungi of the subspecies Candida

They do not damage the nail plate itself, but parasitize under it, causing a whole range of unpleasant symptoms, including greening of the nail. The cause of infection is a weakened immune system, because this fungus in a small amount always lives on the mucous membranes of the body. When natural defenses fail, pathogens become active.

Fungi of the genus Aspergillus

They multiply on the surface of the nail, causing visible damage, discoloration and an unpleasant smell.

Bacterial infections

One of the most common pathogens is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This is the most dangerous pathogen that can even lead to death, spreading throughout the body.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Pseudomonas – the most common “culprit” of green nails

Pseudomonas live in the external environment, the human body is in constant contact with them. In the case of a weakened immune system, pathogen cells are activated, which leads to the development of green nail syndrome and a number of other problems. When Pseudomonas enters the nail cavity, it begins to multiply, forming a greenish-blue pigment, as a result of which the nail plate turns marsh-green. Spots can occupy both the entire nail and part of it, localized on one or more fingers.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa develops in the nail plate in two ways:

• Only in the upper part. This is visible to the naked eye: green spots are located in the outer layers of the nail, without affecting the soft tissues and without being accompanied by other symptoms. A person has no pain, onycholysis. To fix the problem in this case, it is enough to cut off the top layer of the nail.
• Getting into deep soft layers under the plate. In this situation, in addition to greening, burning, itching, suppuration, exfoliation of the nail, and the spread of infection to the cuticle zone join the symptoms of the pathology. Bacteria multiply rapidly – it takes 2-3 days for Pseudomonas to get into the blood.

Causes of Pseudomonas getting into the nail plate

The fact that the bacterium is on the surface of a healthy nail will not turn green. In the vast majority of cases, Pseudomonas infection occurs when extended nails are detached and air pockets form under them. Once there, pathogen cells begin to multiply actively. The problem arises due to non-compliance with the technological conditions of extension:

• insufficient degreasing of the nail plate before the procedure;
• ignoring the application of a primer that provides a sufficient level of adhesion of natural and artificial nails;
• insufficient treatment of the nail with a buff, as a result of which areas with a natural shine remain on the plate;
• non-compliance with the technology of correction of extended nails and incomplete removal of the old layer of the nail, as a result of which air pockets remain in place, and a new layer of gel is simply “poured” from above.

Also, risk factors that can cause Pseudomonas aeruginosa to enter the nail plate are:

• Detachment of the nail, inflammation of the periungual fold, damage to the cuticle, destruction of the nail plate under the influence of external or internal factors.
• Prolonged exposure to moisture on the nail plate.
• Prolonged wearing of extended nails.
• Regular contact with aggressive chemicals, the ground without protective gloves.
• Permanent trauma to the nail plate.
• Contact with Pseudomonas aeruginosa carriers.

Pathology treatment methods

Elimination of the problem of green nails is carried out in two ways and depends on the stage of development of the pathology.

Superficial stage

If there are small superficial green spots on one or more nails of the client, proceed as follows:

• Treat hands with antiseptic.
• Remove the artificial material with a cutter or file to the natural nail plate. Here, the MAX manicure vacuum cleaner will be an excellent assistant – it does its job perfectly, protecting the master and the client from microparticles of harmful substances and materials getting into the lungs and eyes. The company manufactures professional accessories used by thousands of professionals around the world.
• Spread a paper towel or napkin on the table, file down the affected area with a disposable file to a healthy layer. If the client experiences pain, the manipulation must be stopped. The pain indicates that the pseudomonad has penetrated into the deep layers of the nail, and one cannot do without consulting a dermatologist.
• Throw away the file, napkin, treat the client’s hands and your own with an antiseptic.
• Take a cotton pad, moisten it with plenty of antiseptic, apply to the affected area.
• Additionally, you can treat the problem area with a slice of fresh lemon. Acid neutralizes Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and also neutralizes the remnants of green in the nail plate.
• After all disinfecting measures, it is necessary to apply an acid primer to the nail and wait for it to dry completely.
• Upon completion of the procedure, a new decorative coating can be applied in compliance with all antiseptic treatment measures and relevant technologies.

Some manufacturers produce preparations intended for salon treatment of nail plates affected by Pseudomonas. They have proven effectiveness, so experts recommend that all manicure masters acquire such tools.

Deep stage

Antibacterial treatment is indispensable in this case. It should be prescribed exclusively by a doctor – a person may have an individual intolerance to the drug. If the case is complex, both topical antibiotics and oral medications will be prescribed. The doctor will make the correct treatment and give recommendations that will make the therapy as effective as possible.

On average, drug treatment lasts 2-3 weeks. In advanced cases, therapy lasts up to 4 months. During this period, it is necessary to regularly visit a doctor who will monitor the dynamics of treatment, if necessary, adjust the prescribed drugs.

It is important to understand that green nail syndrome can be caused not only by bacteria, but also by fungi. That is why it is so important to contact a dermatologist – he will conduct an examination, take a nail sample for analysis, identify the cause of the development of the pathology, and then prescribe treatment. It is not recommended to purchase antifungal and antibacterial drugs on your own: they can not only be ineffective, but even harm the body.

Folk remedies

There are a number of folk remedies that will help you deal with Pseudomonas aeruginosa faster. It is recommended to use them in combination with medical treatment and only after prior consultation with a doctor:

Rubbing tea tree oil into the affected nail. The substance has a proven bactericidal effect.

Alcohol compresses. They quickly and effectively kill bacteria in the upper layers of the nail plate.

Vinegar bath, 1 tablespoon of acid in 250 ml of warm water. The procedure should be performed 4 times a day for 5 minutes.

Preventing nail problems

Treating green nail syndrome is not an easy task. Therefore, it is easier to follow the basic principle of preventive medicine and prevent the problem, rather than deal with it.

There are a number of general recommendations to help avoid fungal or bacterial infection of the skin and nail plate:

• Use only your own shoes and do not wear someone else’s, even at a party.
• Do not walk barefoot in public places – beaches, swimming pools, changing rooms, etc.
• A person struggling with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or fungal infection of the nail should not go home without shoes. He should also have his own hygiene products – towels, nail files, scissors.
• Wear comfortable footwear that will keep your feet from sweating.
• Regularly visit the manicurist and monitor the condition of the nails.

You should take a responsible approach to choosing a nail master. By themselves, healthy nails are a sufficient protective barrier to prevent bacteria and fungi from entering them. It is also recommended to regularly inspect the nail plates for visible changes – especially if a person constantly wears a decorative coating. In case of the slightest suspicion of the presence of Pseudomonas or other problems, you should contact a specialized medical specialist – a podiatrist or dermatologist.

Collection of material for sowing parasitic fungi in Khabarovsk

Taking material for sowing mushrooms with onychomycosis is an opportunity not only
to establish the fact of infection, but also to determine the type of pathogen. Analysis
helps to distinguish nail fungus from other diseases with similar
symptoms, but also to determine the type of onychomycosis, the correct treatment regimen.
The fact is that drugs that treat yeast often
ineffective against dermatomycetes and vice versa. About the features of the procedure
a Podiatry Lab specialist will tell you.

What is onychomycosis

Spores are introduced into the nail plates, gradually along it
spread, go into the deep layers of the skin, can get into
blood flow. The fungus has the following effect on the nails:

• destroys collagen – a protein that holds cells together, makes nails
  durable;
• damages keratin, the protein that makes up nails;
• inhibits immune reactions, which allows the fungus to resist
  immunity;
• produces substances that contribute to the appearance of corns and
  hyperkeratosis;
• reduces local immunity, which often leads to reproduction
  papillomaviruses, the formation of warts on the soles.

What does onychomycosis look like

What do parasitic fungi cause

Nail fungus (onychomycosis) is a highly contagious disease.
You can infect your feet if you walk barefoot on the floor in
public places (pool, sauna, etc.), use someone else’s
shoes, towel, nail scissors. His triggers are
yeast-like fungi Candida, dermatomycetes, filamentous
non-dermatomycetes.

Complications of onychomycosis

It is important to detect and treat the disease in time. On one’s own
onychomycosis will not disappear. Fungi penetrate the nail plate and begin
destroy her. Nails change color, deform, thicken. They
become brittle, irregularities, cracks, furrows appear.

Over time, the nail plates begin to crumble, peel off, poorly
regrow due to damaged matrix. Periungual ridges, area in
area of ​​the matrix becomes inflamed. If the immune system is weak, as well as against the background
endocrine diseases mycosis is able to spread throughout the body.

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Nail fungus visual

Laboratory diagnostics

Diagnosis of onychomycosis is based on:

• Clinic physical symptoms
• Microscopy – examination of a sample of infected tissue under
  microscope. The procedure helps to determine the presence of fungus
• Cultural research – sampling of material for sowing with isolation
  fungal culture to determine the type of pathogen

What material is used for inoculation

A piece of infected nail and skin is taken for analysis:
Distal subungual form. For research, they take not only a piece
infected nail, but also material from under it, from the nail bed.
They also capture the area of ​​the unchanged nail plate, since on
border with the damaged area of ​​the nail are the most active pathogens

How to prepare for the examination

To avoid false results, to the sampling of material for sowing mushrooms
you need to prepare properly:

• Antimycotics (tablets, creams) should not be taken before the procedure. If
  this was done, the collection of material is transferred – for 4-7 days with
  using an ointment, for 2-4 weeks when using systemic drugs
  (tablets)
• The day before the test, do not wash your fingers with antibacterial and
  disinfectants
• If there is varnish on the nails, remove it a few days before the procedure

How the procedure works

Before doing a cultural study, microscopy is prescribed,
which will determine the presence of the pathogen. If the diagnosis is confirmed or
doctor doubts as a result of microscopy, Podyatry Lab specialist
inoculates the material on a standard Sabouraud medium.

Collection of material for analysis

A Podyatry Lab specialist uses a scalpel to scrape off the top layer of the epithelium or nail plates. Nippers can be used to take a sample of the nail. The material is placed in a test tube filled with saline. The sample is delivered to the laboratory for testing.

Microscopy

• Tissue samples (pieces of the nail, subungual layers) are placed in
  centrifuge tube
• A 15-20% solution of potassium hydroxide (KOH) or hydroxide is poured into the container
  sodium (NaOH)
• The tube is left overnight at room temperature
• Sediment is captured with a special pipette and transferred to a subject
  glass
• The sample is covered with a coverslip and viewed under a microscope.
• If the tissue is infected with a fungus, the specialist detects mycelium in the form
  threads – thick, thin, branched, even, etc. Under a microscope
  budding spores or budding mycelium are also visible
• To determine the type of fungus, sowing on a nutrient medium is prescribed.

Fungal inoculation

Direct microscopy can give both false positive and
false negative results. Moreover, it cannot be used
determine the type of fungus. Therefore, cultural
research – sowing the material on a standard Saburo medium.

The nutrient medium is rich in substances that are necessary for growth
bacteria and fungi – vitamins, carbohydrates, amino acids, minerals
salts. Antibiotics are often added (cycloheximide, penicillin,
streptomycin), which improve the isolation of pathogens, inhibit the growth
mushrooms that penetrate from the air. Some mushrooms do not grow with
cycloheximide, therefore, two options for sowing are done: with this antibiotic
and without it.

The procedure consists of 3 steps. Let’s consider each separately.

Preparation of culture medium

The culture medium is supplied in a special vial. Specialist:

1. Loosen the lid and heat the container in a water bath for 45
   minutes
2. Closes the lid and stirs the contents
3. Flask for 15 sec. left at room temperature, then
   transferred to a thermostatically controlled water bath, which maintains
   temperature 45-50°С
4. This is where the vial will remain until use
5. Before sowing, its contents are mixed and poured into bowls.

Inoculation and incubation

Samples are placed in the bowl immediately after scraping. Fungal growth is
at a temperature of 30 ° C. Incubation time depends on the type of fungus.
Some types of molds, including dermatophytes, grow slowly
– 2-3 weeks.

Getting results

When the incubation ends, the specialist evaluates the results.
The determination of the microorganism is carried out using a microscopic
studies of the grown culture or reseeding on selective media.

The author of this article:

Pryanishnikov Roman Vyacheslavovich

Traumatologist-orthopedist, chief physician of the PodiatryLab clinic

Operative PodiatryLab

Indications

• Suspected onychomycosis
• Yellow, brown color of the nail plate
• Deformation of the nail (cracks, furrows, thinning)
• Thickening of the nail plate
• Chipping of the nail plate
• Stains, stripes on the nails

9028 5 Inflammation of tissues around the nail

• Separation of the nail plate from the bed
• Increased fragility of nails

Contraindications

• Internal or external use of antimycotics before the procedure
• Treatment of nails with antibacterial agents for several hours of sampling for culture

Possible test results

According to the cultural study, the dermatologist determines the type
pathogen and prescribe treatment.