What are the main types of finger infections. How can you identify the symptoms of each infection. When should you seek medical care for a finger infection. What are the treatment options for different finger infections. How can you prevent finger infections from occurring.

Understanding the 6 Main Types of Finger Infections

Finger infections are a common problem that can range from mild to potentially serious. Early recognition and proper treatment are crucial to prevent complications and potential loss of finger function. Let’s explore the six main types of finger infections:

1. Paronychia
2. Felon
3. Herpetic whitlow
4. Cellulitis
5. Infectious flexor tenosynovitis
6. Deep space infection

Paronychia: The Most Common Bacterial Finger Infection

Paronychia is an infection of the tissue surrounding the fingernail edges. It is typically superficial and localized to the soft tissue and skin around the nail. How does paronychia develop? Often, it starts with a hangnail or an attempt to bite off a piece of nail at the corner, creating an open wound. This allows bacteria from the skin and mouth to enter and cause infection.

Key characteristics of paronychia:

• Redness and swelling around the fingernail
• Visible collection of pus under the skin and nail
• Possible leakage of fluid

Are certain people more prone to paronychia? Those who frequently expose their hands to water or have a habit of biting their nails may be at higher risk. How can you prevent paronychia? Avoiding nail-biting and keeping your hands dry can significantly reduce the risk of developing this infection.

Felon: A Painful Infection of the Fingertip

Felon is an infection located in the fingertip pad and associated soft tissue. How does a felon develop? It’s usually the result of a puncture wound that allows bacteria to penetrate deep into the fingertip pad. The fingertip’s multiple compartments contain the infection in this area, leading to increased pressure and pain.

Symptoms of felon include:

• Severe throbbing pain in the fingertip
• Swelling and redness of the fingertip
• Tenderness to touch
• Possible pus formation

Can a felon resolve on its own? While minor cases may improve with home care, most felons require medical intervention to prevent complications. Prompt treatment is essential to avoid permanent damage to the fingertip.

Herpetic Whitlow: A Viral Infection of the Finger

Herpetic whitlow is caused by the herpes simplex virus type I or II, the same virus responsible for oral or genital herpes. Who is at risk for herpetic whitlow? Healthcare professionals, such as dentists, hygienists, physicians, and nurses, are at higher risk due to potential contact with saliva or body fluids containing the virus.

Identifying herpetic whitlow:

• Clusters of small, painful blisters on the finger
• Swelling and redness around the affected area
• Burning or tingling sensation before blister appearance
• Possible fever and swollen lymph nodes

Is herpetic whitlow contagious? Yes, it can spread through direct contact with the blisters or infected bodily fluids. Proper hand hygiene and avoiding touching the affected area are crucial to prevent transmission.

Cellulitis: A Superficial Skin Infection

Cellulitis is a bacterial infection of the skin and underlying tissue. How does cellulitis develop on the finger? It’s usually the result of an open wound that allows bacteria to infect the local skin and tissue. In some cases, the infection can spread to the hand and fingers through the bloodstream.

Common symptoms of cellulitis:

• Redness and swelling of the affected area
• Warmth and tenderness to touch
• Possible fever and chills
• Skin may appear tight and glossy

Can cellulitis be serious? While often treatable with antibiotics, untreated cellulitis can lead to more severe complications, including sepsis. Seeking prompt medical attention is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Infectious Flexor Tenosynovitis: A Deep Infection of the Tendon Sheaths

Infectious flexor tenosynovitis is a bacterial infection involving the tendon sheaths responsible for flexing or closing the hand. How does this infection occur? It’s typically the result of penetrating trauma that introduces bacteria into the deep structures and tendon sheaths, allowing the infection to spread along the tendon and associated sheath.

Recognizing infectious flexor tenosynovitis:

• Severe pain along the affected finger
• Swelling of the entire finger
• Limited range of motion
• Tenderness along the flexor tendon sheath

Why is prompt treatment crucial for this infection? Delayed diagnosis and treatment can lead to permanent damage to the tendon and loss of finger function. Immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent these complications.

Deep Space Infection: A Serious Bacterial Infection

Deep space infection is a bacterial infection affecting one or several deep structures of the hand or fingers, including tendons, blood vessels, and muscles. How does a deep space infection develop? It’s usually the result of a puncture wound or deep cut that introduces bacteria to the deep tissue.

Signs and symptoms of deep space infection:

• Severe pain and swelling of the affected area
• Limited range of motion
• Possible fever and chills
• Redness and warmth of the skin

What is a collar button abscess? It’s a type of deep space infection located in the web space between the fingers. These infections can be particularly challenging to treat due to the complex anatomy of the hand.

When to Seek Medical Care for Finger Infections

Recognizing when to seek medical attention for a finger infection is crucial to prevent complications and ensure proper treatment. When should you consult a healthcare professional?

• If you have severe pain, swelling, or redness that doesn’t improve with home care
• If you notice pus or drainage from the infected area
• If you develop a fever or experience chills
• If you have a history of diabetes or a weakened immune system
• If you suspect a deep space infection or flexor tenosynovitis

Can delaying treatment lead to serious consequences? Yes, failure to properly treat finger infections can result in permanent disability or even loss of the finger in severe cases. Early intervention is key to preventing these outcomes.

Diagnosis and Treatment Options for Finger Infections

Proper diagnosis and treatment of finger infections are essential for a successful outcome. How do healthcare professionals diagnose finger infections?

Diagnostic procedures may include:

• Physical examination of the affected finger
• Review of medical history and recent injuries
• Laboratory tests, such as blood work or culture of any drainage
• Imaging studies like X-rays or MRI in some cases

What are the treatment options for finger infections? The approach depends on the type and severity of the infection:

Treatment options:

• Oral or topical antibiotics for bacterial infections
• Incision and drainage for abscesses
• Antiviral medications for herpetic whitlow
• Warm water soaks and elevation of the affected hand
• Surgical intervention for severe or deep infections

Is home care sufficient for all finger infections? While minor infections may respond to home remedies, many finger infections require medical attention to ensure proper treatment and prevent complications.

Preventing Finger Infections: Tips and Best Practices

Prevention is always better than cure when it comes to finger infections. How can you reduce your risk of developing these infections?

Preventive measures include:

• Practicing good hand hygiene by washing hands regularly
• Avoiding nail-biting and picking at hangnails
• Protecting your hands with gloves when working with harsh chemicals or in dirty environments
• Properly caring for any cuts, scrapes, or puncture wounds on your fingers
• Keeping your skin moisturized to prevent cracks and fissures
• Managing underlying conditions like diabetes that can increase infection risk

Are there occupational precautions for those at higher risk? Healthcare workers and others in high-risk professions should follow strict infection control protocols and use appropriate personal protective equipment to minimize their risk of finger infections.

Long-term Outlook and Potential Complications of Finger Infections

Understanding the potential long-term effects of finger infections is important for patients and healthcare providers alike. What is the prognosis for most finger infections?

Factors affecting the outlook:

• Type and severity of the infection
• Timeliness of treatment
• Patient’s overall health and immune status
• Presence of underlying conditions

Can finger infections lead to long-term complications? While most finger infections resolve completely with proper treatment, severe or untreated cases can result in:

• Permanent loss of finger function
• Chronic pain or stiffness
• Deformity of the finger or nail
• Spread of infection to deeper structures or bloodstream

How can patients ensure the best possible outcome? Following medical advice, completing prescribed treatments, and attending follow-up appointments are crucial for optimal recovery and prevention of complications.

Innovations in Finger Infection Treatment and Research

The field of hand surgery and infectious disease continues to evolve, bringing new insights and treatment options for finger infections. What are some recent advancements in this area?

Emerging trends and research:

• Development of novel antimicrobial agents
• Improved diagnostic techniques for faster and more accurate identification of pathogens
• Minimally invasive surgical approaches for deep space infections
• Use of regenerative medicine techniques to enhance healing
• Research into the role of biofilms in chronic infections

How might these advancements impact patient care? These innovations have the potential to improve treatment outcomes, reduce recovery times, and minimize the risk of long-term complications from finger infections.

Special Considerations for High-Risk Populations

Certain groups of people may be at higher risk for developing finger infections or experiencing more severe outcomes. Who are these high-risk populations?

Groups requiring special attention:

• Diabetics
• Immunocompromised individuals
• Healthcare workers
• People with peripheral vascular disease
• Those with a history of previous hand infections

How should healthcare providers approach these high-risk patients? A proactive approach to prevention, early intervention, and tailored treatment plans are essential for managing finger infections in these populations. Regular hand examinations, patient education, and aggressive treatment of even minor infections can help prevent serious complications.

The Role of Patient Education in Managing Finger Infections

Empowering patients with knowledge about finger infections can significantly impact prevention and early intervention. How can healthcare providers effectively educate their patients?

Key elements of patient education:

• Teaching proper hand hygiene techniques
• Explaining the signs and symptoms of different finger infections
• Providing guidance on when to seek medical attention
• Demonstrating proper wound care and dressing techniques
• Discussing lifestyle factors that may increase infection risk

Why is patient education crucial in managing finger infections? Informed patients are more likely to recognize early signs of infection, seek timely medical care, and adhere to treatment plans, leading to better outcomes and reduced risk of complications.

In conclusion, finger infections range from common, easily treatable conditions to potentially serious medical emergencies. Understanding the different types of infections, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for both patients and healthcare providers. By practicing good hand hygiene, seeking prompt medical attention when needed, and following prescribed treatments, most finger infections can be successfully managed, preserving hand function and preventing long-term complications. As research in this field continues to advance, we can expect even better diagnostic tools and treatment options in the future, further improving outcomes for patients with finger infections.

Finger Infections & Swollen Fingers: 6 Possible Causes

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• Finger Infection Overview
• Finger Infection Causes
• Finger Infection Symptoms
• When to Seek Medical Care
• Exams and Tests
• Finger Infection Treatment – Self-Care at Home
• Medical Treatment
• Next Steps – Follow-up
• Prevention
• Outlook
• For More Information
• Multimedia
• Synonyms and Keywords
• More

Injury or infection to a finger or fingers is a common problem. Infection can range from mild to potentially serious. Often, these infections start out small and are relatively easy to treat. Failure to properly treat these infections can result in permanent disability or loss of the finger.

Early recognition and proper treatment of the following main finger infections will help prevent most of the serious outcomes.

• Paronychia: A paronychia is an infection of the finger that involves the tissue at the edges of the fingernail. This infection is usually superficial and localized to the soft tissue and skin around the fingernail. This is the most common bacterial infection seen in the hand.
• Felon: A felon is an infection of the fingertip. This infection is located in the fingertip pad and soft tissue associated with it.
• Herpetic whitlow: A herpetic whitlow is an infection of the fingertip area caused by a virus. This is the most common viral infection of the hand. This infection is often misdiagnosed as a paronychia or felon.
• Cellulitis: This is a superficial infection of the skin and underlying tissue. It is usually on the surface and does not involve deeper structures of the hand or finger.
• Infectious flexor tenosynovitis: This infection involves the tendon sheaths responsible for flexing or closing the hand. This is also a type of deep space infection.
• Deep space infection: This is an infection of one or several deep structures of the hand or fingers, including the tendons, blood vessels, and muscles. Infection may involve one or more of these structures. A collar button abscess is such an infection when it is located in the web space of the fingers.

Bacteria cause most of these finger infections. The exception to this is the herpetic whitlow, which is caused by a virus. How the infection starts and is found in a particular location is what makes each specific type of infection unique. Usually some form of trauma is the initial event. This may be a cut, animal bite, or puncture wound.

• Paronychia: The offending bacteria are usually staphylococcal and streptococcal organisms. Rarely, a fungus causes this infection, which usually begins as a hangnail. Often a person will attempt to bite off the piece of nail that is at the corner. This results in an open wound that allows the bacteria found on the skin and the bacteria found in the mouth to infect the wound. The infection can then spread to the surrounding tissue next to the nail and cuticle.
• Felon: This bacterial infection of the finger pad, caused by the same organisms that cause paronychia, is usually the result of a puncture wound. The wound allows the introduction of bacteria deep into the fingertip pad. Because the fingertip has multiple compartments, the infection is contained in this area.
• Herpetic whitlow: The offending viral organism is the herpes simplex virus type I or II. This is the same virus that causes oral or genital herpes infections. People in certain occupations are more at risk for this infection. These include dentists, hygienists, physicians, nurses, or any other person who may have contact with saliva or body fluids that contain the virus. People with oral or genital herpes may also infect their own fingers.
• Cellulitis: The most common causes of this bacterial infection are staphylococcal and streptococcal organisms. This infection is usually the result of an open wound that allows the bacteria to infect the local skin and tissue. The infection can also spread to the hand and fingers by blood carrying the organisms.
• Infectious flexor tenosynovitis: This bacterial infection is usually the result of penetrating trauma that introduces bacteria into the deep structures and tendon sheaths, which allows the spread along the tendon and associated sheath.
• Deep space infection: This bacterial infection is usually the result of a puncture wound or deep cut that introduces the bacteria to the deep tissue. The collar button abscess is associated with the web space between the fingers. The deep structures of the hand create many potential compartments for an infection to invade.

Each of the main finger infections has specific signs and symptoms that make identification unique and can sometimes cause confusion if not properly evaluated.

• Paronychia: The area next to the fingernail will appear red and swollen. A visible collection of pus may be seen under the skin and nail. This fluid may be actually leaking out of the wound. The area will be tender and painful to the touch. The drainage from the area is usually a cloudy white-yellow color.
• Felon: The fingertip is swollen and painful. The swelling usually develops over several days and is located in the pad area of the fingertip. The area will have a throbbing pain and be painful to the touch. The area is usually red, and a visible collection of pus may be seen under the skin. The swollen area may have a portion that feels soft as if it contains fluid. As the swelling continues, the area may become tense or hard to the touch.
• Herpetic whitlow: The fingertip area will be red and tender. A burning or itching sensation may be present in the area. There may be mild swelling, but not as extensive as in the felon. There may be a single or many open wounds in the area affected. These open wounds often occur in clusters after the formation of a small blister-like lesion. The fluid in these lesions is usually clear in appearance but may be slightly cloudy. You may also have a low-grade fever and have swollen and tender lymph nodes in the area.
• Cellulitis: The area will be red and warm to the touch. The area may be slightly swollen and tender. This is usually a superficial infection, so the deep structures should not be involved. The motion of the fingers and hand should not be difficult or painful. If painful or difficult, this may indicate a deep space infection of some type.
• Infectious flexor tenosynovitis: Four major signs often are found with this condition. First is tenderness over the flexor or palm side of the finger. This pain is found over the tendons in the finger. Second is uniform swelling of the finger. Third is pain on extending or straightening of the finger. Fourth, the finger will be held in a slightly flexed or partially bent position. These signs are called Kanavel cardinal signs. All 4 signs may not be present at first or all at once.
• Deep space infections: The deep space infection that arises in the web space of the fingers is also called a collar button abscess. The space between the fingers will be painful and swollen. The area may also be red and warm to the touch. As the abscess becomes larger, the fingers will be slightly spread apart by the increasing pressure. The central area may have a soft spot that represents a collection of pus under the skin.

The key to preventing disability and possible loss of the finger is early and appropriate treatment. If any signs and symptoms are present, you should contact your doctor at once.

If you have signs or symptoms of a felon, cellulitis, infectious flexor tenosynovitis, or deep space infection, you should seek emergency care at once.

The correct diagnosis will start with a detailed history and physical exam. People who have a localized infection will be treated differently than someone with a severe infection. Coexisting problems such as diabetes or blood vessel disorders of the arms and legs will complicate the infection and may change the degree of treatment. 

• Important information that your doctor will need to know will include the following:
  • How did the injury or infection start?
  • When did this first occur or begin?
  • Where did it occur? Home? Work? In water? In dirt? From an animal or human bite?
  • Is it possible that a foreign body is in the wound?
  • What have you done to care for this before seeing your doctor?
  • When was your last tetanus shot?
  • Any previous injuries to the area?
  • Any other medical problems that you may have not mentioned?

• Specific information may help pinpoint the type of finger infection:
  • Paronychia: A history of nail biting may aid the diagnosis.
  • Felon: A history of a puncture wound or cut will aid the diagnosis. This would include a plant thorn. The doctor may obtain an x-ray to look for involvement of the bone or possible foreign body.
  • Herpetic whitlow: A history of contact with body fluids that may contain the herpes virus will aid the diagnosis. The diagnosis can often be made from the history and the appearance of the lesions. The presence of a clear fluid from the wounds may indicate a viral infection rather than a bacterial infection. A sample of the fluid may be analyzed by a Tzank smear, which will identify certain cells, indicating a viral cause.
  • Cellulitis: The doctor will need to consider other causes that may look similar such as gout, various rashes, insect sting, burns, or blood clot before the final diagnosis is made. An X-ray may be obtained to look for a foreign body or gas formation that would indicate a type of serious cellulitis.
  • Infectious flexor tenosynovitis: A history of a puncture wound or cut will aid the diagnosis. The presence of the 4 Kanavel cardinal signs is a strong diagnostic aid. A recent sexually transmitted disease may indicate a type of gonorrhea-related infection, which may resemble infectious flexor tenosynovitis.
  • Deep space infections: A history of puncture wound or other wound may aid the diagnosis. The finding of swelling between the fingers with a slow spreading of the involved fingers will help identify a collar button abscess.

Because finger infections have the potential to become severe, home care is limited. A very minor paronychia may be managed at home if you have no other complicating medical illness, such as diabetes. All of the other infections require urgent evaluation and treatment by a doctor. Because delay in treatment may result in disability or loss of the finger, you should not hesitate to obtain medical care.

A small, simple paronychia may respond to frequent warm water soaks and elevation of the hand. However, if no improvement is noticed in 1–2 days, you should see your doctor at once.

The mainstay of treatment for finger infections is antibiotics and proper wound care. This can range from a simple incision and drainage of the wound to an extensive surgical exploration of the wound to remove as much infected material as possible.

Some of the infections can be treated in a doctor’s office or clinic, but several will require inpatient treatment and IV antibiotics. Because the organisms that cause these infections are similar, many of the same types of antibiotics may be used.

• Paronychia: Often the wound may be treated with wound care alone. If a collection of pus is present, it will need to be drained. This may be done in several different ways. Commonly a scalpel is used to make a simple incision over the collection of pus to allow drainage. Or the scalpel may be inserted along the edge of the nail to allow drainage. If the infection is large, a part of the nail may be removed. If this procedure is required, the doctor will inject a local anesthetic at the base of the finger that will provide for a pain-free procedure. Most often, you will be placed on an oral antibiotic. You will then be instructed how to take care of the wound at home. (See paronychia.)
• Felon: Often, incision and drainage is required because the infection develops within the multiple compartments of the fingertip pad. Usually an incision will be made on one or both sides of the fingertip. The doctor will then insert an instrument into the wound and break up the compartments to aid in the drainage. Sometimes, a piece of rubber tubing or gauze will be placed into the wound to aid the initial drainage. The wound may also be flushed out with a sterile solution to remove as much debris as possible. These infections will require antibiotics. The wound will then require specific home care as prescribed by your doctor.
• Herpetic whitlow: Antiviral drugs such as acyclovir (Zovirax) may shorten the duration of illness. Pain medication is often needed. The wound must be properly protected to prevent a secondary bacterial infection and to prevent you from infecting other sites on your body or other people. Incision and drainage is not proper and, if done, may actually delay healing.
• Cellulitis: This infection is superficial, and oral antibiotics are usually sufficient. If the area is extensive or your immune system is weakened, then you may be treated in the hospital with IV antibiotics.
• Infectious flexor tenosynovitis: This is a surgical emergency and will require rapid treatment, hospital admission, and early treatment with IV antibiotics. Usually, the area will need to be surgically opened and all debris and infected material removed. Because of the intricate nature of the fingers and hands, a hand surgeon will usually perform this procedure. After surgery, several days of IV antibiotics will be required followed by a course of oral antibiotics.

• Deep space infections: Much like flexor infectious tenosynovitis, this can require emergency care. If the infection is mild, then only oral antibiotics may be needed. If more severe, a hand surgeon should evaluate the wound and IV antibiotics begun. Often these wounds will require incision and drainage followed by a course of antibiotics.

You need to understand the doctor’s instructions completely and ask any questions you have in order to thoroughly understand your care at home.

• If you have been prescribed antibiotics for a finger infection, you must follow the directions and take them for the prescribed time period.
• Often, your doctor will instruct you to keep your hand elevated to prevent swelling. This is important and needs to be done both during the day and night. By placing pillows next to you while sleeping, your hand can remain elevated.
• Wound care will often need to be continued at home. This may include daily warm water soaks, dressing changes, and application of antibiotic ointment. The different types of wound care are extensive. Your doctor should explain in detail.
• The finger or hand may be placed in a splint. This provides both immobilization and protection. It will be important to follow the instructions regarding the care of the splint. You will need to protect and properly care for the splint. You should closely monitor the finger or hand to watch for complications such as swelling or infection under the splint.
• Often, you will be asked to return to the doctor’s office in 24-48 hours. This may be necessary to remove packing or change a dressing. It is very important that you have close follow-up care to monitor the progress or identify any further problems.

Common sense safety practices will help prevent many of the finger wounds that become a problem. Simple things such as wearing protective work gloves may prevent injury. Wearing latex or vinyl gloves is mandatory if possible exposure to bodily fluids is expected. Avoid chewing on your nails, and wash your hands as needed. Seek early medical attention as soon as you think an infection is present.

If the infections are treated early and properly, the prognosis for full recovery is good. However, if treatment is delayed, or if the infection is severe, the prognosis is not as good.

• With the infections that involve deep structures such as infectious flexor tenosynovitis, even with the best care, the outcome may be less than desirable. Loss of function, loss of sensation, disfigurement, or even loss of the finger is possible.
• Your doctor will need to evaluate each case individually and present the likely outcome based on the findings.

See the following for related finger injuries:

• Broken finger
• Nail injuries
• Subungual hematoma (smashed fingernail, blood under the nail)
• Skier’s thumb (jammed thumb usually in a fall, fall on an outstretched hand)
• Dislocated finger
• Mallet finger (jammed finger, painful tendon injury, common sports injury)
• Onychomycosis (fungal infection of the fingernail or toenail)

Media file 1: Flexor tendon sheaths and radial and ulnar bursae. Image courtesy of Randle L Likes, DO.
 

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Media file 2: A herpetic whitlow. Image courtesy of Glen Vaughn, MD.

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Media file 3: A moderate paronychia. Swelling and redness around the edge of the nail is caused by a large pus collection under the skin. Image courtesy of Christina L Kukula, DO.

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Media file 4: Drainage of pus from a paronychia. Image courtesy of Glen Vaughn, MD.

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Media file 5: A paronychia can progress to a felon if left untreated. Image courtesy of A paronychia can progress to a felon if left untreated. Image courtesy of Glen Vaughn, MD.

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Media file 6: Anatomy of the fingernail. Top – The normal fingernail. Bottom – Nail bed laceration with subungual hematoma.

Media type: Image
 

paronychia, hangnail, onychia lateralis, onychia periungualis, felon, whitlow, herpetic whitlow, cellulitis, infectious flexor tenosynovitis, pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis, flexor tendosynovitis, tendosynovitis, deep space infections, collar button abscess, finger injury, finger infection, onychomycosis

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Finger infection: Types, symptoms, and treatment

A finger infection is a common problem. The hands are an important way for humans to interact with the world around them.

They are more likely to come into contact with infectious bacteria and other germs because of this, which can lead to infection.

A finger infection will usually start out small and grow with time. There are different types of infections, and serious complications can occur if they are left untreated. Prevention is important, as well as knowing when to see a doctor.

There are many different types of infections, each with their own causes and symptoms.

Felon

A felon is an infection at the tip of the finger. The infection takes over the pad of the fingertip and the soft tissue around it.

Cellulitis

Cellulitis is an infection on the surface of the skin. It usually does not involve the deeper levels of tissue on the hand or finger.

Paronychia

Paronychia is an infection of a hangnail on the finger. The tissues on the edges of the finger near the nail root provide the perfect place for bacteria to enter. It is the most common infection of the hand.

Herpetic whitlow

Herpetic whitlow is an infection caused by a virus. The virus usually infects the fingertip and may be confused for a felon because of this.

It can also have similar symptoms to paronychia, but will not respond to antibiotics.

Deep space infection

Deep space infections are infections that involve one or more structures in the hand and fingers that are below the skin. These may be the blood vessels, tendons, or muscles.

Infectious flexor tenosynovitis

Infectious flexor tenosynovitis is a type of deep space infection that involves the structures in the hand rather than just the skin. This particular type affects the tendons and tendon sheaths responsible for flexing and closing the muscles and bones in the hand.

Share on PinterestA puncture wound on the end of the finger may lead to a felon infection.

Infections around the body are most commonly caused by bacteria that infect the finger due to an injury, such as a cut on the finger.

Other possible entry points for bacteria may be animal or insect bites, paper cuts, or puncture wounds.

Herpetic whitlow is the classic exception to this rule, as it is caused by a virus instead of bacteria. Each type of infection has its own specific causes as well.

Felon

A felon infection is usually the result of a puncture wound, such as poking the tip of the finger with a pin.

Staphylococcal and streptococcal organisms are often the source of the infection. The puncture wound allows these bacteria to get into the deeper layers of the skin and multiply, creating the typical symptoms.

Cellulitis

The same bacteria that cause felon infections are also responsible for cellulitis. The bacteria enter the lower layers of the skin through an open wound. The infection may spread to other parts of the hands and fingers via the bloodstream.

Paronychia

This infection is usually caused by the same bacteria that causes felon infections, though, on rare occasions, a fungus can also cause it. It starts when a hangnail or cuticle becomes irritated and leads to an open would that contains bacteria.

The infection may spread to the surrounding area. Picking, biting, or cutting a hangnail may put a person more at risk for developing paronychia.

Herpetic whitlow

Herpes simplex virus I or II is the virus responsible for herpetic whitlow. It is the same virus that causes outbreaks of oral or genital herpes.

People who work with bodily fluids, such as doctors, dentists, and other medical workers, may be more at risk of contracting the infection. It is also possible for someone with herpes to infect their own finger.

Deep space infection

Deep space infections, including infectious flexor tenosynovitis, are usually caused by a deep puncture wound or very deep cut that allows bacteria to reach the deepest tissues in the hand and finger. The structures of the hand are not ready to deal with surface bacteria and provide plenty of potential areas for the bacteria to infect.

Some people, such as people with compromised immune systems or those with diabetes, may be at an increased risk for infections. Individuals who work in hazardous professions may also be more likely to injure themselves, potentially leading to infection.

Most infections will look pink or red and feel tender to the touch.

When a cut on the finger becomes infected, symptoms include:

• swelling
• redness
• increasing pain in the area
• pus
• feeling unwell

Each finger infection comes with its own symptoms as well:

Felon

Typical symptoms of a felon include a swollen and painful fingertip. It may be possible to see a pool of pus forming under the skin.

Cellulitis

Symptoms of cellulitis include red skin that is sensitive and warm to the touch. The area may also swell.

The motion of the hands should not be affected. If it is, a deep space infection may be present.

Paronychia

Symptoms of paronychia include redness and swelling next to the fingernail, which will be painful to touch.

Pus may develop under the nail or skin, which may leak out of the wound. The drainage is usually a white-yellow color.

Herpetic whitlow

Whitlows will look like felons, and may additionally cause a burning or itching sensation in the immediate area. The swelling will likely be milder than in a felon.

It is caused by the herpes simplex virus.

A whitlow may cause one or more open wounds in the area that often occur in clusters.

Deep space infection

Common symptoms and signs of deep space infections include pain when moving certain parts of the hand. The area may become red, very sensitive to touch, and spread along the tendon sheath. The center of the infection may have a soft spot, where a collection of pus is forming.

Infectious flexor tenosynovitis

Infectious flexor tenosynovitis is associated with four major signs, which may not all be present at once:

• the person will first feel pain and tenderness over the tendons in the finger
• the finger will begin to swell
• the person may then feel pain when extending or straightening their finger out
• once the infection has progressed, the finger will be at rest in a slightly flexed or partially bent position

When to see a doctor

It is important to report signs and symptoms of infection to a doctor as soon as possible to avoid serious complications. The doctor will then be able to discuss the best treatment options.

Doctors will diagnose finger infections by thoroughly identifying symptoms and their cause. They will usually ask a series of questions to determine when the infection began and if there is something stuck in the wound.

They may ask also ask more specific questions, such as if a person has a history of biting their nails or if they have the herpes virus. These questions help narrow the possibilities down for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

Share on PinterestBacterial infections may be treated with antibiotics.

Infections caused by bacteria will usually be treated with antibiotics and medical care.

Doctors may simply cut and drain a wound. Sometimes they may need to perform surgery to be sure all of the infection is cleared out.

Treatment varies from person to person, and people should always discuss options with a doctor.

Home remedies

Finger infections can become serious and may lead to a loss of a finger or part of the hand. So, home care for most finger infections is limited.

However, a minor infection of the hangnail can be managed at home with proper wound care that includes allowing the wound to drain. The infection may respond to warm water soaks and regular washing as well. If symptoms do not resolve, contact a doctor for treatment.

All other types of finger infection require immediate medical care.

Preventing finger infections begins with basic hygiene and following safety practices when handling dangerous materials or doing dangerous work.

Exposure to bodily fluids should be limited, and regular hand washing can help eliminate germs.

The outlook for most infections that are treated properly and caught early enough is good. If treatment is delayed or infections are severe, there is the possibility for lasting damage.

It is essential to talk with a doctor at the first sign of infection to discuss treatment.

A bump has appeared on the finger and hurts

Symptomatic means problematic

The growths are visible to the naked eye. The reason for their occurrence can be judged by their appearance.

Hard and dense bumps on the joints, covered with smooth skin, usually form in men over 40 years of age and indicate gout. They are called gouty tophi. They grow during periods of exacerbation of the disease. The patient becomes weak, complains of malaise. The temperature in the tophi region rises, the pain sometimes becomes unbearable.

If the skin on the bump is rough and red, and the growth itself is round and elastic, this is a hygroma. It usually forms in women 20-30 years old and can be single-chamber or multi-chamber. Hygromas differ from other types of growths in that their size gradually increases, and pain is felt when pressed.

The formations on the interphalangeal joints that appear after 60 years are called Heberden’s nodes. They are equally likely to be found on any phalanx and are signs of osteoarthritis. This disease leads to stiffness of the hands and deformation of the joints.

Nodules up to 2 cm in diameter, which form in 20% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, are rheumatoid nodules. They do not cause pain, but the course of the disease is accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms: lethargy, fatigue, fever, and sometimes weight loss.

Diagnosis of everything head

In order to identify the root cause of the disease and choose an effective course of treatment, the doctor gives the patient an appointment for ultrasound, X-ray, MRI, urinalysis. The study of uric acid salts will determine the presence of gout. X-rays will reliably demonstrate the presence of osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. However, the results of a visual examination and verbal complaints from the patient alone are often sufficient to make a diagnosis.

How to treat if a bump on the thumb hurts

Alas, this problem is usually caused by chronic diseases and cannot be completely cured. Only the hygroma can be removed once and for all. All other types of growths will remain for life – but exacerbations can be avoided if a stable remission is achieved.

Rheumatoid arthritis is treated with corticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The same non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as colchicine, are effective against gout.

In case of osteoarthritis, chondroprotectors, finger therapeutic exercises and physiotherapy sessions are prescribed: multichannel electrical stimulation and laser therapy. With multichannel electrical stimulation, muscles are stimulated with short pulses of electricity to relieve tension and improve blood supply. In the laser therapy procedure, the joint growth is exposed to a laser beam to relieve inflammation and activate blood flow inside the tissues.

Osteoarthritis is also treated with physiotherapy: ultrasound (reduces tissue volume), shock wave therapy (activates blood flow, eliminates swelling and pain with acoustic impulses), laser therapy.

Surgery may be required if cartilage and joint surfaces are severely damaged in the advanced stages of arthritis or arthrosis, with fingers swollen, stiff, and painful. In especially severe cases, arthroplasty is prescribed, when a worn joint is replaced with an artificial one. The operation can be performed in the presence of a malignant tumor. The oncologist prepares an individual therapy program for each patient.

Traditional medicine is powerless when there is a lump on the joint of the finger and it hurts. None of the homeopathic remedies contain components from which the bump would resolve. Therefore, relying on chance in the case of such a disease is highly undesirable: all hopes for a miracle can ultimately come down to serious consequences.

A few words about prevention

The best prevention for growths is a healthy lifestyle: a balanced diet, regular consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, giving up bad habits, sweets and fried foods. Wear protective gloves before handling chemicals. Avoid stress and lack of sleep.

If you are a schoolboy or a student, you have a lump on your finger and it hurts – you probably write too much and hold the pen incorrectly. In this case, the growth is a common callus that will come off with time. Do not put a patch on it or try to get rid of it by other methods. Better buy a soft-bodied pen, try holding it a little differently and don’t squeeze too hard with your fingers.

treatment and general tips for eliminating the tumor

• Causes of the pathology
• Lump on the finger: treatment
• General recommendations for eliminating the tumor

Causes of the pathology

old age, swelling often appears on fingers and limbs. Such an ailment cannot be called an independent disease; rather, it refers to an unpleasant consequence of the original pathology.

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However, often a similar phenomenon occurs in the absence of inflammation in the joints – in case of violation of the water-salt balance and metabolism, leading to the deposition of organic compounds. Both hands and feet can be affected. Many factors contribute to the development of pathology. If you have a bump on your finger, it is most likely due to one of the following reasons.

1. Hormonal imbalance. The risk of the formation of such a tumor during menopause in women is especially high. As a result of hormonal changes, the water-salt balance fails, and salt begins to be deposited in the joints. The affected area becomes painful and swollen.
2. Gout. This is a rapidly progressive disease with a high risk of joint deformity. It is characterized by the accumulation of uric acid in them, against which a bump is often formed.
3. Wearing shoes that are too tight. Excessive squeezing of the foot while walking leads to impaired local blood circulation and the motor ability of the joints. As a rule, a bump on the toe appears after a long systematic wearing of tight shoes.
4. Arthritis, arthrosis. Diseases are characterized by the presence of an inflammatory process in the articular tissues. If left untreated, they lead to deformities of the limbs. Fingers become twisted, swollen. The appearance of bumps is one of the first signs of progressive arthritis.
5. Wrong diet. Fans of spicy, fatty, fried and salty foods are at risk for the formation of dense cysts on the limbs. As in the case of hormonal disruptions, the cause of the phenomenon lies in metabolic disorders. The body accumulates too much salt and cholesterol.
6. Prolonged exposure to cold. Finger tissues are susceptible to deformation processes due to frostbite or long-term contact with ice water. In this case, the appearance of single cones or numerous formations is possible.

Lump on the finger: treatment

The first thing to do when a cyst appears is to see a doctor – a rheumatologist or a surgeon. The doctor will visually assess the condition of the limb, clarify the symptoms and prescribe the necessary tests. As a rule, the following diagnostic procedures are required to make a diagnosis:

• clinical blood and urine tests;
• ultrasound;
• radiography;
• analysis of synovial fluid.

After receiving the results of the examination, the doctor will draw up a treatment plan. To remove cones, conservative and surgical treatment methods are used. The operation is indicated only in case of failure of conservative therapy or if the tumor is too large. An incision is made on the affected area, after which the inflamed tissues are removed, and the bone, if necessary, is set. Sutures are placed at the site of the wound. As a rule, the operation is performed under local anesthesia. Arthritis in especially severe stages with severe deformities requires a complex and lengthy surgical intervention, which is performed under general anesthesia.

Conservative treatment consists in the use of local anti-inflammatory and regenerating agents. Patients are prescribed various ointments, gels and compresses that help dissolve the seal and neutralize the foci of inflammation. Of the drugs of general action, antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids are indicated. Intra-articular injections of hormones are also recommended.

In modern medicine, a combination of drug and apparatus therapy is widely used. So, if a patient has developed a bump on the thumb, he is shown UV irradiation procedures and electrophoresis. Usually relief comes after a few sessions. Paraffin wraps are also recommended, which are carried out in the cosmetologist’s office. The affected limb is covered with a dense layer of melted paraffin and wrapped in a towel for a while. The inflamed area warms up, local blood circulation increases. However, such a procedure should be carried out only as prescribed by a doctor, since in some joint diseases, exposure to heat is contraindicated.

General recommendations for tumor removal

A complete lifestyle change is required for treatment to be effective. Only an integrated approach will help to cope with this complex pathology. Here are the main recommendations for those who have a big bump on their finger or toe.