How do you diagnose a ruptured ligament in the finger. What are the common types of acute finger injuries. How should tendon and ligament injuries in fingers be treated. When is referral to a specialist necessary for finger injuries.

Anatomy of the Finger: Key Structures for Injury Assessment

Understanding the complex anatomy of the finger is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment of acute injuries. The finger consists of several important structures:

• Bones: Proximal, middle, and distal phalanges (except thumb, which has only proximal and distal)
• Joints: Distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
• Tendons: Extensor tendons on the dorsal aspect, flexor tendons on the volar aspect
• Ligaments: Collateral ligaments providing stability to joints
• Volar plate: A thick ligament on the palmar aspect of joints

The intricate interplay between these structures allows for the finger’s range of motion and grip strength. When injury occurs, it’s essential to identify which specific components are affected to guide appropriate treatment.

Common Tendon Injuries: Diagnosis and Management

Central Slip Extensor Tendon Injury

A central slip extensor tendon injury can lead to a boutonniére deformity if left untreated. How can you identify this injury? Look for tenderness at the dorsal aspect of the PIP joint and an inability to actively extend the PIP joint. Treatment typically involves splinting the PIP joint in full extension for six weeks.

Mallet Finger (Extensor Tendon Injury at DIP Joint)

Mallet finger is a common sports injury. What are the key signs? Tenderness at the dorsal aspect of the DIP joint and inability to actively extend the DIP joint. Conservative treatment involves continuous splinting of the DIP joint for six weeks. Why is patient compliance crucial? Consistent splinting is imperative for successful outcomes, as even brief periods without the splint can compromise healing.

Jersey Finger (Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon Injury)

Jersey finger often occurs in contact sports. How do you diagnose it? Look for tenderness at the volar aspect of the DIP joint and inability to flex the DIP joint when isolated. Why is immediate referral important? All suspected cases of jersey finger should be referred to an orthopedic or hand surgeon due to the complexity of repair and potential for complications.

Ligament Injuries: Assessment and Treatment Options

Collateral Ligament Injuries

Collateral ligament injuries commonly affect the PIP joint. How do you test for these injuries? Assess joint stability while the finger is in 30 degrees of flexion with the MCP joint flexed. What’s the standard treatment? For stable joints, buddy taping for two to four weeks is often sufficient. Why is caution needed with children? A low threshold for referral should exist for collateral ligament injuries in children, as the growth plate is often involved.

Volar Plate Injuries

Volar plate injuries typically occur at the PIP joint. What’s the key examination finding? Maximal tenderness at the volar aspect of the involved joint. How should these injuries be treated? Splinting at 30 degrees of flexion with progressive increase in extension over two to four weeks is recommended. For less severe cases, buddy taping may be sufficient.

Diagnostic Approach: Ensuring Accurate Assessment

Proper diagnosis of finger injuries requires a systematic approach. What should be included in the evaluation?

1. Thorough history: Mechanism of injury, timing, and associated symptoms
2. General musculoskeletal examination: Range of motion, strength, and stability testing
3. Specific tests: Tailored to suspected injuries (e.g., stress tests for ligaments)
4. Radiography: Minimum of anteroposterior, true lateral, and oblique views

Why are multiple radiographic views necessary? Different projections help visualize various aspects of the complex finger anatomy, ensuring that subtle fractures or dislocations are not missed.

Treatment Principles: Balancing Immobilization and Function

Effective treatment of finger injuries requires a delicate balance. What’s the key principle? Treatment should restrict the motion of injured structures while allowing uninjured joints to remain mobile. This approach helps prevent stiffness and promotes optimal healing.

How long should splinting or taping be maintained? Duration varies based on the specific injury:

• Central slip injuries: 6 weeks of PIP joint splinting
• Mallet finger: 6 weeks of continuous DIP joint splinting
• Collateral ligament injuries: 2-4 weeks of buddy taping
• Volar plate injuries: 2-4 weeks of progressive splinting

Why is patient education important? Patients should understand that swelling may persist for some time and that permanent deformity is possible even with appropriate treatment. This sets realistic expectations and encourages compliance with treatment protocols.

Referral Criteria: Recognizing Complex Cases

While family physicians can manage many finger injuries, knowing when to refer is crucial. What are some key indications for referral?

• Avulsion fractures involving more than 30% of the joint surface
• Inability to achieve full passive extension
• Unstable joints
• All suspected cases of jersey finger
• Collateral ligament injuries in children
• Large avulsion fragments in volar plate injuries

Why is timely referral important? Early specialist intervention can prevent long-term complications and ensure optimal functional outcomes.

Long-Term Considerations: Managing Expectations and Complications

Proper management of finger injuries extends beyond the acute phase. What should patients be aware of regarding long-term outcomes?

• Persistent swelling: It’s not unusual for an injured digit to remain swollen for an extended period
• Potential for deformity: Even with appropriate treatment, some degree of permanent deformity is possible
• Rehabilitation: Physical therapy or hand therapy may be necessary to regain full function
• Monitoring: Regular follow-up is important to assess healing and address any emerging issues

How can complications be minimized? Early recognition of injuries, appropriate initial management, and timely referral when indicated are key factors in preventing long-term complications.

Special Considerations in Pediatric Finger Injuries

Finger injuries in children require particular attention due to the presence of growth plates. Why is this important? Injuries involving growth plates can lead to long-term growth disturbances if not properly managed.

What are some key considerations for pediatric finger injuries?

• Lower threshold for imaging: X-rays should be obtained more readily to assess growth plate involvement
• Increased need for specialist referral: Orthopedic or hand surgeon consultation is often necessary
• Modified treatment approaches: Splinting and immobilization techniques may need to be adapted for smaller fingers
• Long-term follow-up: Monitoring for growth abnormalities may be necessary even after apparent healing

How does the healing process differ in children? Children generally have a greater capacity for healing and remodeling, but this also means that malunions can occur more rapidly if injuries are not properly aligned.

Advances in Finger Injury Management: Current Trends and Future Directions

The field of hand surgery and rehabilitation is continuously evolving. What are some recent advancements in finger injury management?

• Improved surgical techniques: Minimally invasive approaches for tendon and ligament repairs
• Enhanced imaging: High-resolution ultrasound for soft tissue injury assessment
• Novel splinting materials: More comfortable and durable options for long-term immobilization
• Regenerative therapies: Exploration of platelet-rich plasma and stem cell treatments for accelerated healing

How might these advancements impact patient care? These developments have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, enhance treatment outcomes, and potentially reduce recovery times for certain injuries.

Prevention Strategies: Reducing the Risk of Finger Injuries

While not all finger injuries can be prevented, certain strategies can help reduce their occurrence. What are some effective prevention measures?

• Proper equipment: Using appropriate protective gear in sports and occupational settings
• Technique training: Learning correct form and mechanics for activities that stress the fingers
• Strengthening exercises: Building hand and forearm strength to support finger structures
• Environmental modifications: Addressing workplace hazards that may contribute to finger injuries

Why is injury prevention important beyond avoiding pain and disability? Preventing finger injuries can have significant economic impacts by reducing healthcare costs and minimizing lost productivity in the workplace.

The Role of Hand Therapy in Rehabilitation

Hand therapy plays a crucial role in the rehabilitation of finger injuries. What are the key components of an effective hand therapy program?

• Range of motion exercises: Gradually restoring flexibility to injured structures
• Strengthening exercises: Rebuilding muscle strength and endurance
• Sensory re-education: Addressing any sensory deficits resulting from injury
• Scar management: Minimizing adhesions and promoting optimal healing
• Functional training: Reintegrating the injured finger into daily activities

How does hand therapy contribute to long-term outcomes? Proper rehabilitation can significantly improve functional recovery, reduce the risk of chronic stiffness, and help patients return to pre-injury activities more quickly.

Psychological Aspects of Finger Injuries

The impact of finger injuries extends beyond physical limitations. What are some psychological considerations in managing these injuries?

• Frustration with limitations: Patients may struggle with temporary inability to perform routine tasks
• Anxiety about recovery: Concerns about long-term function and appearance
• Body image issues: Particularly relevant for visible deformities
• Depression: Prolonged recovery periods can affect mood and overall well-being

How can healthcare providers address these psychological aspects? Providing clear communication about prognosis, offering realistic expectations, and considering referral for psychological support when necessary can help patients cope with the emotional challenges of finger injuries.

Occupational Considerations in Finger Injury Management

Finger injuries can have significant impacts on a patient’s ability to work. What factors should be considered when managing these injuries in the context of occupational demands?

• Job requirements: Understanding the specific tasks and movements required in the patient’s occupation
• Modified duty options: Exploring possibilities for alternative work arrangements during recovery
• Return-to-work planning: Developing a structured plan for gradual reintegration into full duties
• Ergonomic assessments: Evaluating and modifying the work environment to prevent re-injury

Why is early communication with employers important? Collaborating with employers can help set realistic expectations, facilitate necessary accommodations, and potentially reduce the duration of work absence.

The Impact of Comorbidities on Finger Injury Management

Certain medical conditions can complicate the treatment and recovery process for finger injuries. What are some important comorbidities to consider?

• Diabetes: Can affect healing rates and increase infection risk
• Rheumatoid arthritis: May impact joint stability and complicate rehabilitation
• Osteoporosis: Increases fracture risk and may influence treatment decisions
• Peripheral neuropathy: Can affect sensation and potentially mask symptoms

How should management be adapted for patients with comorbidities? Treatment plans may need to be modified, healing times may be extended, and closer monitoring may be necessary to ensure optimal outcomes in these patients.

Emerging Technologies in Finger Injury Diagnosis and Treatment

Technological advancements are continually shaping the field of hand surgery and rehabilitation. What are some innovative approaches on the horizon?

• 3D-printed splints: Custom-designed immobilization devices for improved comfort and compliance
• Wearable sensors: Monitoring range of motion and adherence to rehabilitation protocols
• Virtual reality rehabilitation: Engaging patients in interactive exercises to improve function
• Artificial intelligence in imaging: Enhancing diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning

How might these technologies impact patient care? These innovations have the potential to personalize treatment approaches, improve patient engagement in rehabilitation, and provide more precise diagnostic and prognostic information.

In conclusion, the management of finger injuries requires a comprehensive understanding of anatomy, careful diagnostic approaches, and tailored treatment strategies. By considering the various aspects discussed in this article, healthcare providers can optimize outcomes for patients with acute finger injuries, ensuring the best possible functional recovery and quality of life.

Acute Finger Injuries: Part I. Tendons and Ligaments

JEFFREY C. LEGGIT, LTC, MC, USA, AND CHRISTIAN J. MEKO, CAPT, MC, USA

Improper diagnosis and treatment of finger injuries can cause deformity and dysfunction over time. A basic understanding of the complex anatomy of the finger and of common tendon and ligament injury mechanisms can help physicians properly diagnose and treat finger injuries. Evaluation includes a general musculoskeletal examination as well as radiography (oblique, anteroposterior, and true lateral views). Splinting and taping are effective treatments for tendon and ligament injuries. Treatment should restrict the motion of injured structures while allowing uninjured joints to remain mobile. Although family physicians are usually the first to evaluate patients with finger injuries, it is important to recognize when a referral is needed to ensure optimal outcomes.

The severity of acute finger injuries is often underestimated, which can lead to improper treatment. Basic knowledge of the anatomy of the finger and a thorough evaluation of the patient can ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. Part I of this two-part article focuses on common tendon and ligament injuries of the finger. Part II¹ discusses common finger fractures, dislocations, and thumb injuries.

Family physicians can manage most finger injuries; however, knowledge of referral criteria is important to ensure optimal outcomes. Treatment should restrict the motion of injured structures while allowing uninjured joints to remain mobile. Patients should be counseled that it is not unusual for an injured digit to remain swollen for some time and that permanent deformity is possible, even after treatment. Table 1 summarizes the evaluation and treatment of common ligament and tendon injuries.

Clinical recommendation	Evidence rating	References
Patients with finger injuries should receive a minimum of anteroposterior, true lateral, and oblique radiographic views.	C	5
Patient compliance should be monitored when treating mallet finger with splinting, because it is imperative for successful outcomes. All splints for mallet finger achieve similar results.	B	15
Patients with confirmed or suspected jersey finger should be referred to an orthopedic or hand surgeon.	C	18
A low threshold for referral should exist for collateral ligament injuries in children, because the growth plate often is involved.	C	7,11

Injury	Examination	Treatment	Referral criteria
Central slip extensor tendon injury (may cause a boutonniére deformity over time)	Tender at dorsal aspect of the PIP joint (middle phalanx)	Splint the PIP joint in full extension for six weeks.	Avulsion fracture involving more than 30 percent of the joint or inability to achieve full passive extension
	Inability to actively extend the PIP joint
Collateral ligament injury (usually at the PIP joint)	Maximal tenderness at involved collateral ligament	Stable joint: buddy tape for two to four weeks. Do not leave fifth digit exposed if ring finger is taped.	Unstable joint or injury in a child
	Test stability of joint while the finger is in 30 degrees of flexion and the MCP joint is flexed.
Extensor tendon injury at the DIP joint (mallet finger)	Tender at dorsal aspect of the DIP joint	Splint the DIP joint continuously for six weeks.	Avulsion fracture involving more than 30 percent of the joint or inability to achieve full passive extension
	No active extension of the DIP joint
FDP tendon injury (jersey finger)	Tender at volar aspect of the DIP joint	Splint finger and refer to orthopedic or hand surgeon.	All
	Inability to flex the DIP joint
	DIP joint should be isolated during the examination.
Volar plate injury (usually at the PIP joint)	Maximal tenderness at the volar aspect of involved joint	Splint at 30 degrees of flexion and progressively increase extension for two to four weeks.Buddy tape at the joint if injury is less severe.	Unstable joints or large avulsion fragments
	Test for full flexion and extension as well as collateral ligament stability.

Basic Anatomy of the Finger

The anatomy of the finger is complex, but a basic knowledge is necessary to properly treat acute injuries. The index, middle, ring, and fifth digits have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges and three hinged joints: distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP). The thumb has a distal and proximal phalanx as well as an interphalangeal and MCP joint. The joints sit in volar plates (collateral ligaments attached to dense fibrous connective tissue), which provide joint stability. ^2,3

The dorsal extensor tendon divides into a central slip that extends the PIP joint and then into two lateral bands that extend the DIP joint. The volar tendons include the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus. The flexor digitorum superficialis tendon attaches to the base of the middle phalanx and flexes the PIP joint. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon is located under and splits the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon. It attaches to the base of the distal phalanx and flexes the DIP.⁴Figure 1 illustrates the basic anatomy of the finger, including joints, ligaments, and tendons.

Evaluation

Neurovascular and active flexion/extension testing will reveal clues to tendon and ligament injuries as well as subtle rotational abnormalities. The neurovascular evaluation should include two-point discrimination and capillary refill assessments. The physician should evaluate active flexion and extension by asking the patient to open and close his or her fist.

Clinical examination alone cannot diagnose fractures, and treatment protocols depend on radiography results. Patients with finger injuries should receive oblique, anteroposterior, and true lateral radiographic views.⁵ True lateral radiography is the most effective way to examine anatomic joint congruity.^6,7 Ultrasonography is emerging as an effective tool to evaluate soft tissue structures.⁸

The evaluation of finger injuries during an athletic event differs from an evaluation in the office. The primary goal on the field is to detect neurovascular compromise and determine if the athlete can safely continue participation. All on-field evaluations must be readdressed in the office for a more thorough examination including radiography. Failure to do so increases the risk of future dysfunction.

Common Injuries

Several techniques may be used to diagnose common ligament and tendon injuries. Most injuries require splinting and follow-up to evaluate the healing process.

EXTENSOR TENDON INJURY AT THE DIP JOINT

Injury to the extensor tendon at the DIP joint, also known as mallet finger (Figure 2), is the most common closed tendon injury of the finger. Mallet finger usually is caused by an object (e.g., a ball) striking the finger, creating a forceful flexion of an extended DIP. The extensor tendon may be stretched, partially torn, or completely ruptured or separated by a distal phalanx avulsion fracture.⁹

Patients with mallet finger present with pain at the dorsal DIP joint; inability to actively extend the joint; and, often, with a characteristic flexion deformity. It is important to isolate the DIP joint during the evaluation to ensure extension is from the extensor tendon and not the central slip. The absence of full passive extension may indicate bony or soft tissue entrapment requiring surgical intervention.^4,7,10 Bony avulsion fractures are present in one third of patients with mallet finger.^11,12

If no avulsion fracture is present on radiographs, the DIP joint should be splinted in a neutral or slight hyper-extension position for six weeks¹³; the PIP joint should remain mobile. A Cochrane review^14,15 confirmed that all available splints achieve similar results. Furthermore, the use of surgical wires (i.e., fixing the affected joint in a neutral position by drilling a wire through the DIP joint to the PIP joint) did not improve clinical outcomes.^14,15Figure 3 describes different types of splints.

The rightsholder did not grant rights to reproduce this item in electronic media. For the missing item, see the original print version of this publication.

Physicians should advise patients with mallet finger not to flex the DIP joint during treatment; the splinting period must restart every time flexion occurs. A Cochrane review¹⁵ showed that patient compliance is the most important factor in the success of splint treatments. The distal phalanx should be supported during splint changes.¹⁶ This is difficult to achieve alone, and the patient may need to return to the physician’s office for splint changes. Necrosis of the skin can occur if the DIP joint is overextended during splinting. If the skin blanches, the DIP joint is overextended. Allowing the skin to “breathe” for 10 to 20 minutes between splint changes minimizes the risk of maceration.

Patients may continue to participate in athletic events during the splinting period, and physicians should follow up with patients every two weeks to ensure compliance. After six weeks of splinting, the joint should be reexamined. If active extension is present, splinting can be limited to when the patient is sleeping and during athletic events for another six weeks.

Conservative treatment is successful for up to three months, even with delayed presentation.¹¹ Referral criteria include bony avulsions involving over 30 percent of the joint space or the inability to achieve full passive extension. Despite proper treatment of mallet finger, permanent flexion of the fingertip is possible. The finger can become deformed if the injury is left untreated. ¹⁷

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS TENDON INJURY

Disruption of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon, also known as jersey finger (Figure 4), commonly occurs when an athlete’s finger catches on another player’s clothing, usually while playing a tackling sport such as football or rugby. The injury causes forced extension of the DIP joint during active flexion. The ring finger is the weakest finger and accounts for 75 percent of jersey finger cases.¹⁸ The injury can occur if the force is concentrated at the middle phalanx or at the distal phalanx.

A patient with jersey finger may present with pain and swelling at the volar aspect of the DIP joint and the finger may be extended with the hand at rest. There may be a tender fullness if the tendon has been retracted. The digitorum profundus tendon should be evaluated by isolating the affected DIP joint (i.e., holding the affected finger’s MCP and PIP joints in extension while the other fingers are in flexion) and asking the patient to flex the DIP joint. ^18,19 If the digitorum profundus tendon is damaged, the joint will not move. The flexor digitorum superficialis tendon should be evaluated by holding the unaffected fingers in extension and asking the patient to flex the injured finger.¹⁹ An injured flexor digitorum superficialis tendon will produce no movement. Figure 5 illustrates these techniques.

The prognosis for patients with jersey finger worsens if treatment is delayed and if severe tendon retraction is present.²⁰ Patients with confirmed or suspected jersey finger should be referred to an orthopedic or hand surgeon for treatment.¹⁸

CENTRAL SLIP EXTENSOR TENDON INJURY

Central slip extensor tendon injury occurs when the PIP joint is forcibly flexed while actively extended; it is a common injury in basketball players. Volar dislocation of the PIP joint also can cause central slip ruptures.²¹

The PIP joint should be evaluated by holding the joint in a position of 15 to 30 degrees of flexion. If the PIP joint is injured, the patient will be unable to actively extend the joint; however, passive extension should be possible. Tenderness over the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx will be present. A delay in proper treatment may cause a boutonnière deformity (flexion of the PIP joint coupled with hyperextension of the DIP and MCP joints) (Figure 6). A boutonnière deformity usually develops over several weeks as the intact lateral bands of the extensor tendon slip inferiorly. Occasionally, boutonnière deformities occur acutely.

The PIP joint should be splinted in full extension for six weeks if there is no avulsion or if the avulsion involves less than one third of the joint. All available splints (Figure 3) can be used to treat PIP injuries, except for the stack splint, which is used only for DIP injuries. As with mallet finger, extension of the PIP joint must be maintained continuously. If full passive extension is not possible, the physician should refer the patient to an orthopedic or hand surgeon.

Patients with PIP joint injuries may continue to participate in athletic events during the splinting period, although some sports are difficult to play with a fully-extended PIP joint. Splinting duration is the same as with mallet finger.

COLLATERAL LIGAMENT INJURIES

Forced ulnar or radial deviation at any of the interphalangeal joints can cause partial or complete collateral ligament tears. The PIP joint usually is involved in collateral ligament injuries, which are commonly classified as “jammed fingers.”

Collateral ligament injuries present as pain located only at the affected ligament. The injury should be evaluated by applying valgus or varus stress to the involved joint in 30 degrees of flexion while the MCP joint is flexed at 90 degrees; an extended MCP joint will tighten the collateral ligaments, inhibiting the evaluation. The physician should compare the laxity of the injured finger with an unaffected finger. Radiography may demonstrate an avulsion fracture at the ligamentous insertion point.

If the joints are stable and no large fracture fragments are present, the injury can be treated with buddy taping (i.e., taping the injured finger, above and below the joint, to an adjacent finger) (Figure 7). If the ring finger is involved, it should be secured to the fifth digit, because the fifth digit is naturally extended and easily injured if exposed.

Patients with collateral ligament injuries may continue participating in athletic events as symptoms allow. If joints are unstable with active ranges of motion, patients should be referred to an orthopedic or hand surgeon. A low threshold for referral should exist for collateral ligament injuries in children, because the growth plate often is involved.^7,11

VOLAR PLATE INJURY

Hyperextension of a finger joint, such as a dorsal dislocation, can injure the volar plate (Figure 8). The PIP joint usually is affected, and collateral ligament damage often is present. The volar plate can be partially or completely torn, with or without an avulsion fracture. ¹¹ The subsequent loss of joint stability may allow the extensor tendon to gradually pull the joint into hyperextension, causing deformity.

Maximal tenderness will be located at the volar aspect of the affected joint. Full extension and flexion will be possible if the joint is stable. The collateral ligaments should be tested as with collateral ligament injuries. Radiographs may show an avulsion fragment at the base of the involved phalanx.

A stable joint without a large avulsion fragment should be splinted with a progressive extension splint (“block splint”) (Figure 9) starting at 30 degrees of flexion^7,22 for two to four weeks, depending on injury severity; buddy taping should follow. Increasing the extension of a dorsal aluminum splint weekly will progressively increase range of motion.²² In less severe injuries, the injured joint should be buddy taped. This will restrict some extension and provide support. These two techniques may allow a patient to continue participating in athletic events sooner; however, participation depends on the athlete’s sport and position; it is difficult to play some sports with a flexed PIP joint. Referral criteria include an unstable joint or a large avulsion fragment.

Hand tendon repair – NHS

If any of the tendons in your hand are damaged, surgery may be needed to repair them and help restore movement in the affected fingers or thumb.

What are tendons?

Tendons are tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones.

When a group of muscles contract (tighten), the attached tendons will pull on certain bones, allowing you to make a wide range of movements.

There are 2 groups of tendons in the hand:

• extensor tendons – which run from the forearm across the back of your hand to your fingers and thumb, allowing you to straighten your fingers and thumb
• flexor tendons – which run from your forearm through your wrist and across the palm of your hand, allowing you to bend your fingers

Surgery can often be used to repair damage to both these groups of tendons.

When hand tendon repair is needed

Hand tendon repair is needed when 1 or more tendons in your hand rupture (break or split) or are cut, leading to the loss of normal hand movements.

If your extensor tendons are damaged, you’ll be unable to straighten 1 or more fingers. If your flexor tendons are damaged, you’ll be unable to bend 1 or more fingers.

Tendon damage can also cause pain and swelling (inflammation) in your hand.

Sometimes, damage to the extensor tendons can be treated without the need for surgery, using a rigid support called a splint that’s worn around the hand.

Common causes of tendon injuries include:

• cuts – cuts across the back or palm of your hand can result in injury to your tendons
• sports injuries – extensor and flexor tendons can be injured when playing sports like rugby, and the pulleys holding flexor tendons can rupture if you do a lot of strenuous gripping like in rock climbing
• animal and human bites – these type of bites can cause tendon damage, and a person may damage their hand tendon after punching another person in the teeth
• crushing injuries – jamming a finger in a door or crushing a hand in a car accident can divide or rupture a tendon
• rheumatoid arthritis – rheumatoid arthritis can cause tendons to become inflamed which, if severe, can lead to them rupturing

Tendon repair surgery

Tendon repair may involve a surgeon making a cut (incision) in your wrist, hand or finger so they can locate the ends of the divided tendon and stitch them together.

Extensor tendons are easier to reach, so repairing them is relatively straightforward.

Read more about how hand tendon repair is performed.

Recovering from surgery

Both types of tendon surgery require a lengthy period of recovery (rehabilitation) because the repaired tendons will be weak until the ends heal together.

Depending on the location of the injury, it can take up to 3 months for the repaired tendon to regain its previous strength.

Rehabilitation involves protecting your tendons from overuse using a hand splint. You’ll usually need to wear a hand splint for several weeks after surgery.

You’ll also need to perform hand exercises regularly during your recovery to stop the repaired tendons sticking to nearby tissue, which can prevent you being able to fully move your hand.

When you can return to work will depend on your job. Light activities can often be resumed after 6 to 8 weeks, and heavy activities and sport after 10 to 12 weeks.

Read more about recovering from hand tendon repair.

Results

After an extensor tendon repair you should have a working finger or thumb, but you may not regain full movement.

The outcome is often better when the injury is a clean cut to the tendon, rather than one that involves crushing or damage to the bones and joints.

A flexor tendon injury is generally more serious because they’re often put under more strain than extensor tendons.

After a flexor tendon repair, it’s quite common for some fingers to not regain full movement. But the tendon repair will still give a better result than not having surgery.

Complications can sometimes develop after surgery, such as infection or the repaired tendon snapping or sticking to nearby tissue. In these circumstances, further treatment may be required.

Page last reviewed: 06 September 2021
Next review due: 06 September 2024

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Injury to the tendon of the fingers is common in the practice of orthopedic traumatologists and surgeons. Pathology requires a visit to a doctor and full treatment, otherwise complications may develop in the form of a curvature of the finger and disability, disability. Patients lose their independence, cannot perform their usual work, are forced to be on sick leave.

Medical Center “Doctor OST” has everything you need to detect and treat sprains of the tendons of the hand. Specialists are attentive to each patient, develop individual hand therapy programs to restore hand function.

CAUSES OF PATHOLOGY

More than 80% of cases occur during household injuries, as well as with monotonous hand movements. Why does the tendon of the arm stretch – the main reasons:

• overexertion during sports;
• hand drop;
• hitting the fingers with a heavy object;
• abrupt lifting of a fallen person by the hand;
• lifting heavy objects;
• playing musical instruments – piano, drums, violin.

In older people, degeneration of the joints and surrounding tissues is a predisposing factor for tendon sprains.

SYMPTOMS OF STRETCH TENDON OF THE FINGERS

Pain during exercise in the fingers may indicate a sprain, especially when combined with a recent injury or load. Also, pathology can be suspected for other symptoms:

• local swelling of the finger;
• hyperemia in the area of ​​injury;
• restriction of movements in the finger;
• curvature of the finger.

If you experience these symptoms, it is important to immediately see a doctor!

Remember! With sprains of the hand, the patient may be considered disabled. Acute pain is a serious reason to seek medical help and issue sick leave .

WHO TREATS A STRETCHED TENDON OF THE FINGERS?

With sprains of the tendons of the fingers, you should immediately contact an orthopedic traumatologist. In difficult cases, which are accompanied by the appearance of blocks in the joints of the fingers and the accumulation of fluid, hand surgeons will help. These specialists, rare in their kind, are accepting patients in the Perm branch of Doctor OST. Make an appointment with the right doctor right now to reduce the risk of complications and begin to restore the motor function of the hand as soon as possible.

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Finger tendon sprain diagnostics

On examination, attention is paid to the restriction of movements in the joints of the finger, swelling, redness of the skin. Of the instrumental methods of examination, in addition to arthroscopy, which is accompanied by the introduction of a diagnostic probe with a video camera into the joint for the purpose of examination, the following are prescribed:

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Radiography

X-ray is a common examination of bones and joints, which allows you to instantly obtain information about the state of hard tissues. More

Tendon ultrasound

Gives an idea of ​​the state of the extensors and surrounding tissues, as well as swelling and hematoma.

Magnetic resonance imaging

MRI can assess soft tissue damage, including ligaments, menisci, joint capsules, and adjacent tissues.

Computed tomography

CT makes it possible to form a three-dimensional model of the area under study and identify various changes: inflammation, trauma, developmental anomalies, etc.

PATHOGENESIS AND GRADES OF TENDON STRAIN

Ligaments are represented by elastic connective tissue that holds the fingers in the correct position. Each joint has its own allowable range of motion, if it is exceeded, its damage occurs. One of the types of disruption of the ligamentous apparatus is sprains, in most cases they are accompanied by a rupture of the tendon fibers. There are three degrees of severity of tendon sprains:

FIRST

A small number of fibers are stretched and torn, the symptoms are mild.

SECOND

Damage is moderately expressed, range of motion is limited, there is a strong edema.

THIRD

There is a rupture of a large number of fibers, at risk of damage to the joint.

TREATMENT OF HAND STRETCH

At the time of therapy, it is necessary to ensure the immobility of the finger, which is achieved by plastering or orthotics.

Drug treatment of finger tendon sprain

In order to relieve swelling and pain, drugs from the NSAID group are prescribed, and for severe sprains, the following are used:

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Medical blockades

A method of rapid relief from pain in neurological diseases and pain syndromes. More

Regenerative treatment of calf tendon sprain

The course of treatment of a sprained tendon includes the use of ozonated platelet-rich plasma and other regenerative methods. Such treatment activates regeneration processes, promotes speedy healing and recovery.

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Plasmogel Injection

For the first time and only in “Doctor OST”! The latest technology for the treatment of acute pain caused by damage to the musculoskeletal and joint-ligamentous systems. Effect for tomorrow! More

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PRP therapy

PRP Therapy is the latest treatment technique designed to repair damaged tissues with platelet-rich plasma. More

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Plasmolifting

As a medicine, platelet mass is used to help start the recovery mechanisms. More

Physiotherapy treatment of finger tendon sprain

This referral to “Doctor OST” is a priority. The following physiotherapy procedures are actively used in the treatment:

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HILT High Intensity Laser

Instantly relieves acute pain, stimulates the renewal of healthy cells and is able to replace prosthetic surgery. More

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Magnetotherapy BTL

Allows you to quickly and without drugs relieve acute pain, restore blood circulation, improve lymph flow and accelerate healing after injuries and operations. More

The duration of conservative treatment ranges from 10 days for mild sprains to 21 for severe ones. Sprains accompanied by trauma (dislocation, subluxation) require 2-3 months for full recovery.

Surgical treatment of finger tendon sprain

In case of a severe sprain with torn ligaments, an operation is performed to stitch the tendons. The prognosis is good if treated early, but the more time has passed since the injury, the more difficult it is to fully restore finger function.

Rehabilitation activities

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Orthotics

A modern alternative to plaster and traditional rigid orthoses. It is used for dislocations, fractures, scoliosis, after joint surgery and after a stroke. More

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Taping

Tapes are adhesive tapes. They are fixed on the body, reducing the load on the diseased joint, injured muscle or ligament. Facilitate blood flow, lymph flow and speed up recovery. More

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Exarta Kinesitherapy Unit

A safe technique that allows you to accelerate the restoration of proper motor functions and get rid of pain. More

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exercise therapy (therapeutic exercise)

Exercise therapy has a beneficial effect not only on muscles, ligaments and joints, but also on the nervous system, forms a positive attitude. More

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Massage

Massage calms the nervous system, enhances blood microcirculation and improves metabolism.

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Patient feedback on hand treatment

Thank you for the speedy recovery!

Dupuytren’s contracture was a consequence of a stroke. They already wanted to send me for an operation, but I was able to avoid it and restore the mobility of my fingers thanks to “Doctor OST”!

Read more

Elbow brace

I threw out the cast and put an orthosis on the elbow joint after a serious dislocation. So I saved my right hand and my summer!

Read more

Thank you for the speedy recovery!

Doctor OST dealt with my crooked fingers once! Now the hand functions well.

Orthosis for the elbow joint

The elbow is intact, the garden is in order! Thank you Doctor OST.

How much does it cost?

A traumatologist-orthopedist deals with the treatment of sprained tendons of the fingers in “Doctor OST”. Severe cases require the involvement of hand surgeons who conduct appointments at the Perm branch of “Doctor OST”. The cost of consulting a specialist is indicated in the “Consultative Reception” section of our price list. Follow the promotions, do not miss the best price.

GET PROMO CODE FOR FREE ONLINE RECEPTION

until July 31, 2023.

until the end of the promotion:

seconds

Leave your full name and phone number in the fields on the right. A promotional code will be sent to your phone, which can be used within 14 days. Then the promo code will expire.

I want an online doctor appointment for free!

Enter the code received in an SMS message to the phone number you specified.

Check with the clinic administrators for information about the actual effect of the promotion!

Treatment of hand sprains can be obtained at Doctor OST branches:

Almaty

Chelyabinsk

Yekaterinburg

Kazan

Krasnodar

Krasnoyarsk

Nizhny Novgorod

Novosibirsk

Perm

Samara

Tyumen

I’m from another city!
How to start treatment?

Q&A

You asked

After a stroke, my mother’s fingers on her hand are twisted and do not work, can this be cured in “Doctor OST”?

Doctor answers:

To make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe the necessary treatment, you need an examination, or at least an online consultation.