What are the common tendon and ligament injuries in fingers. How to properly diagnose and treat acute finger injuries. When to refer patients with finger injuries to specialists. What are the key anatomical structures involved in finger injuries.

Anatomy of the Finger: Key Structures for Understanding Injuries

The finger’s anatomy is intricate, comprising several crucial components:

• Phalanges: Proximal, middle, and distal (except for the thumb, which has only proximal and distal)
• Joints: Distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
• Ligaments: Collateral ligaments and volar plates
• Tendons: Extensor tendons (central slip and terminal tendon) and flexor tendons (flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis)

Understanding these structures is essential for accurately diagnosing and treating finger injuries. The complex interplay between bones, joints, ligaments, and tendons allows for the finger’s wide range of motion and dexterity.

Common Tendon Injuries: Diagnosis and Treatment

Central Slip Extensor Tendon Injury

This injury affects the dorsal aspect of the PIP joint and can lead to a boutonnière deformity if left untreated. How can you identify a central slip injury? Look for tenderness at the dorsal aspect of the PIP joint and an inability to actively extend the PIP joint. Treatment typically involves splinting the PIP joint in full extension for six weeks.

Mallet Finger (Extensor Tendon Injury at DIP Joint)

A mallet finger injury is characterized by tenderness at the dorsal aspect of the DIP joint and an inability to actively extend the DIP joint. The recommended treatment is continuous splinting of the DIP joint for six weeks. Is patient compliance important in mallet finger treatment? Absolutely. Studies have shown that consistent splinting is crucial for successful outcomes, regardless of the type of splint used.

Jersey Finger (Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon Injury)

Jersey finger injuries present with tenderness at the volar aspect of the DIP joint and an inability to flex the DIP joint. These injuries require immediate referral to an orthopedic or hand surgeon for proper management.

Ligament Injuries: Recognition and Management

Collateral Ligament Injury

Collateral ligament injuries most commonly occur at the PIP joint. They are characterized by maximal tenderness at the involved collateral ligament. To assess stability, test the joint while the finger is in 30 degrees of flexion and the MCP joint is flexed. For stable joints, buddy taping for two to four weeks is often sufficient. However, unstable joints or injuries in children may require referral to a specialist.

Volar Plate Injury

Volar plate injuries typically occur at the PIP joint and present with maximal tenderness at the volar aspect of the involved joint. Treatment usually involves splinting at 30 degrees of flexion with progressive increase in extension over two to four weeks. For less severe injuries, buddy taping may be sufficient.

Diagnostic Approach: Ensuring Accurate Assessment

Proper diagnosis of finger injuries requires a comprehensive approach:

1. General musculoskeletal examination
2. Radiography: Oblique, anteroposterior, and true lateral views
3. Specific tests for each type of injury (e.g., stability tests for ligament injuries)

Why are multiple radiographic views necessary? Multiple views help to visualize the injury from different angles, ensuring that no fractures or dislocations are missed. This thorough approach is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment planning.

Treatment Principles: Balancing Restriction and Mobility

The primary goal in treating finger injuries is to restrict the motion of injured structures while allowing uninjured joints to remain mobile. This approach helps prevent complications such as stiffness and promotes optimal healing. Key treatment modalities include:

• Splinting: Used for various tendon and ligament injuries
• Taping: Effective for certain ligament injuries
• Progressive mobilization: Gradually increasing range of motion as healing progresses

It’s important to note that even with proper treatment, some degree of swelling may persist for an extended period, and permanent deformity is possible in some cases.

Referral Criteria: When to Seek Specialist Care

While family physicians can manage many finger injuries, knowing when to refer is crucial for optimal outcomes. Referral criteria include:

• Avulsion fractures involving more than 30% of the joint
• Inability to achieve full passive extension
• Unstable joints
• Injuries in children, especially those involving collateral ligaments
• All suspected jersey finger injuries

Why is there a lower threshold for referral in children? Growth plate involvement is more common in pediatric finger injuries, which can lead to long-term complications if not properly managed by a specialist.

Patient Education: Setting Realistic Expectations

Educating patients about their finger injury and treatment is essential for compliance and successful outcomes. Key points to discuss include:

• The importance of following the prescribed treatment plan
• Potential for prolonged swelling even after treatment
• Possibility of permanent deformity in some cases
• The need for follow-up appointments to monitor progress

How can patient education improve outcomes? By setting realistic expectations and emphasizing the importance of compliance, patients are more likely to adhere to treatment plans and report any concerns promptly, leading to better overall results.

Emerging Research and Future Directions

The field of hand surgery and finger injury management is continuously evolving. Current areas of research include:

• Novel splinting materials and techniques
• Biological therapies to enhance tendon and ligament healing
• Minimally invasive surgical approaches for complex injuries
• Advanced imaging techniques for more precise diagnosis

These advancements hold promise for improving treatment outcomes and reducing long-term complications associated with finger injuries.

In conclusion, understanding the complex anatomy of the finger and recognizing common tendon and ligament injuries is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. By following evidence-based guidelines for evaluation, treatment, and referral, family physicians can play a vital role in ensuring optimal outcomes for patients with acute finger injuries. As research continues to advance, we can expect further improvements in the management of these common but potentially debilitating injuries.

Acute Finger Injuries: Part I. Tendons and Ligaments

JEFFREY C. LEGGIT, LTC, MC, USA, AND CHRISTIAN J. MEKO, CAPT, MC, USA

Improper diagnosis and treatment of finger injuries can cause deformity and dysfunction over time. A basic understanding of the complex anatomy of the finger and of common tendon and ligament injury mechanisms can help physicians properly diagnose and treat finger injuries. Evaluation includes a general musculoskeletal examination as well as radiography (oblique, anteroposterior, and true lateral views). Splinting and taping are effective treatments for tendon and ligament injuries. Treatment should restrict the motion of injured structures while allowing uninjured joints to remain mobile. Although family physicians are usually the first to evaluate patients with finger injuries, it is important to recognize when a referral is needed to ensure optimal outcomes.

The severity of acute finger injuries is often underestimated, which can lead to improper treatment. Basic knowledge of the anatomy of the finger and a thorough evaluation of the patient can ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. Part I of this two-part article focuses on common tendon and ligament injuries of the finger. Part II¹ discusses common finger fractures, dislocations, and thumb injuries.

Family physicians can manage most finger injuries; however, knowledge of referral criteria is important to ensure optimal outcomes. Treatment should restrict the motion of injured structures while allowing uninjured joints to remain mobile. Patients should be counseled that it is not unusual for an injured digit to remain swollen for some time and that permanent deformity is possible, even after treatment. Table 1 summarizes the evaluation and treatment of common ligament and tendon injuries.

Clinical recommendation	Evidence rating	References
Patients with finger injuries should receive a minimum of anteroposterior, true lateral, and oblique radiographic views.	C	5
Patient compliance should be monitored when treating mallet finger with splinting, because it is imperative for successful outcomes. All splints for mallet finger achieve similar results.	B	15
Patients with confirmed or suspected jersey finger should be referred to an orthopedic or hand surgeon.	C	18
A low threshold for referral should exist for collateral ligament injuries in children, because the growth plate often is involved.	C	7,11

Injury	Examination	Treatment	Referral criteria
Central slip extensor tendon injury (may cause a boutonniére deformity over time)	Tender at dorsal aspect of the PIP joint (middle phalanx)	Splint the PIP joint in full extension for six weeks.	Avulsion fracture involving more than 30 percent of the joint or inability to achieve full passive extension
	Inability to actively extend the PIP joint
Collateral ligament injury (usually at the PIP joint)	Maximal tenderness at involved collateral ligament	Stable joint: buddy tape for two to four weeks. Do not leave fifth digit exposed if ring finger is taped.	Unstable joint or injury in a child
	Test stability of joint while the finger is in 30 degrees of flexion and the MCP joint is flexed.
Extensor tendon injury at the DIP joint (mallet finger)	Tender at dorsal aspect of the DIP joint	Splint the DIP joint continuously for six weeks.	Avulsion fracture involving more than 30 percent of the joint or inability to achieve full passive extension
	No active extension of the DIP joint
FDP tendon injury (jersey finger)	Tender at volar aspect of the DIP joint	Splint finger and refer to orthopedic or hand surgeon.	All
	Inability to flex the DIP joint
	DIP joint should be isolated during the examination.
Volar plate injury (usually at the PIP joint)	Maximal tenderness at the volar aspect of involved joint	Splint at 30 degrees of flexion and progressively increase extension for two to four weeks.Buddy tape at the joint if injury is less severe.	Unstable joints or large avulsion fragments
	Test for full flexion and extension as well as collateral ligament stability.

Basic Anatomy of the Finger

The anatomy of the finger is complex, but a basic knowledge is necessary to properly treat acute injuries. The index, middle, ring, and fifth digits have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges and three hinged joints: distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), and metacarpophalangeal (MCP). The thumb has a distal and proximal phalanx as well as an interphalangeal and MCP joint. The joints sit in volar plates (collateral ligaments attached to dense fibrous connective tissue), which provide joint stability. ^2,3

The dorsal extensor tendon divides into a central slip that extends the PIP joint and then into two lateral bands that extend the DIP joint. The volar tendons include the flexor digitorum superficialis and the flexor digitorum profundus. The flexor digitorum superficialis tendon attaches to the base of the middle phalanx and flexes the PIP joint. The flexor digitorum profundus tendon is located under and splits the flexor digitorum superficialis tendon. It attaches to the base of the distal phalanx and flexes the DIP.⁴Figure 1 illustrates the basic anatomy of the finger, including joints, ligaments, and tendons.

Evaluation

Neurovascular and active flexion/extension testing will reveal clues to tendon and ligament injuries as well as subtle rotational abnormalities. The neurovascular evaluation should include two-point discrimination and capillary refill assessments. The physician should evaluate active flexion and extension by asking the patient to open and close his or her fist.

Clinical examination alone cannot diagnose fractures, and treatment protocols depend on radiography results. Patients with finger injuries should receive oblique, anteroposterior, and true lateral radiographic views.⁵ True lateral radiography is the most effective way to examine anatomic joint congruity.^6,7 Ultrasonography is emerging as an effective tool to evaluate soft tissue structures.⁸

The evaluation of finger injuries during an athletic event differs from an evaluation in the office. The primary goal on the field is to detect neurovascular compromise and determine if the athlete can safely continue participation. All on-field evaluations must be readdressed in the office for a more thorough examination including radiography. Failure to do so increases the risk of future dysfunction.

Common Injuries

Several techniques may be used to diagnose common ligament and tendon injuries. Most injuries require splinting and follow-up to evaluate the healing process.

EXTENSOR TENDON INJURY AT THE DIP JOINT

Injury to the extensor tendon at the DIP joint, also known as mallet finger (Figure 2), is the most common closed tendon injury of the finger. Mallet finger usually is caused by an object (e.g., a ball) striking the finger, creating a forceful flexion of an extended DIP. The extensor tendon may be stretched, partially torn, or completely ruptured or separated by a distal phalanx avulsion fracture.⁹

Patients with mallet finger present with pain at the dorsal DIP joint; inability to actively extend the joint; and, often, with a characteristic flexion deformity. It is important to isolate the DIP joint during the evaluation to ensure extension is from the extensor tendon and not the central slip. The absence of full passive extension may indicate bony or soft tissue entrapment requiring surgical intervention.^4,7,10 Bony avulsion fractures are present in one third of patients with mallet finger.^11,12

If no avulsion fracture is present on radiographs, the DIP joint should be splinted in a neutral or slight hyper-extension position for six weeks¹³; the PIP joint should remain mobile. A Cochrane review^14,15 confirmed that all available splints achieve similar results. Furthermore, the use of surgical wires (i.e., fixing the affected joint in a neutral position by drilling a wire through the DIP joint to the PIP joint) did not improve clinical outcomes.^14,15Figure 3 describes different types of splints.

The rightsholder did not grant rights to reproduce this item in electronic media. For the missing item, see the original print version of this publication.

Physicians should advise patients with mallet finger not to flex the DIP joint during treatment; the splinting period must restart every time flexion occurs. A Cochrane review¹⁵ showed that patient compliance is the most important factor in the success of splint treatments. The distal phalanx should be supported during splint changes.¹⁶ This is difficult to achieve alone, and the patient may need to return to the physician’s office for splint changes. Necrosis of the skin can occur if the DIP joint is overextended during splinting. If the skin blanches, the DIP joint is overextended. Allowing the skin to “breathe” for 10 to 20 minutes between splint changes minimizes the risk of maceration.

Patients may continue to participate in athletic events during the splinting period, and physicians should follow up with patients every two weeks to ensure compliance. After six weeks of splinting, the joint should be reexamined. If active extension is present, splinting can be limited to when the patient is sleeping and during athletic events for another six weeks.

Conservative treatment is successful for up to three months, even with delayed presentation.¹¹ Referral criteria include bony avulsions involving over 30 percent of the joint space or the inability to achieve full passive extension. Despite proper treatment of mallet finger, permanent flexion of the fingertip is possible. The finger can become deformed if the injury is left untreated. ¹⁷

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS TENDON INJURY

Disruption of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon, also known as jersey finger (Figure 4), commonly occurs when an athlete’s finger catches on another player’s clothing, usually while playing a tackling sport such as football or rugby. The injury causes forced extension of the DIP joint during active flexion. The ring finger is the weakest finger and accounts for 75 percent of jersey finger cases.¹⁸ The injury can occur if the force is concentrated at the middle phalanx or at the distal phalanx.

A patient with jersey finger may present with pain and swelling at the volar aspect of the DIP joint and the finger may be extended with the hand at rest. There may be a tender fullness if the tendon has been retracted. The digitorum profundus tendon should be evaluated by isolating the affected DIP joint (i.e., holding the affected finger’s MCP and PIP joints in extension while the other fingers are in flexion) and asking the patient to flex the DIP joint. ^18,19 If the digitorum profundus tendon is damaged, the joint will not move. The flexor digitorum superficialis tendon should be evaluated by holding the unaffected fingers in extension and asking the patient to flex the injured finger.¹⁹ An injured flexor digitorum superficialis tendon will produce no movement. Figure 5 illustrates these techniques.

The prognosis for patients with jersey finger worsens if treatment is delayed and if severe tendon retraction is present.²⁰ Patients with confirmed or suspected jersey finger should be referred to an orthopedic or hand surgeon for treatment.¹⁸

CENTRAL SLIP EXTENSOR TENDON INJURY

Central slip extensor tendon injury occurs when the PIP joint is forcibly flexed while actively extended; it is a common injury in basketball players. Volar dislocation of the PIP joint also can cause central slip ruptures.²¹

The PIP joint should be evaluated by holding the joint in a position of 15 to 30 degrees of flexion. If the PIP joint is injured, the patient will be unable to actively extend the joint; however, passive extension should be possible. Tenderness over the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx will be present. A delay in proper treatment may cause a boutonnière deformity (flexion of the PIP joint coupled with hyperextension of the DIP and MCP joints) (Figure 6). A boutonnière deformity usually develops over several weeks as the intact lateral bands of the extensor tendon slip inferiorly. Occasionally, boutonnière deformities occur acutely.

The PIP joint should be splinted in full extension for six weeks if there is no avulsion or if the avulsion involves less than one third of the joint. All available splints (Figure 3) can be used to treat PIP injuries, except for the stack splint, which is used only for DIP injuries. As with mallet finger, extension of the PIP joint must be maintained continuously. If full passive extension is not possible, the physician should refer the patient to an orthopedic or hand surgeon.

Patients with PIP joint injuries may continue to participate in athletic events during the splinting period, although some sports are difficult to play with a fully-extended PIP joint. Splinting duration is the same as with mallet finger.

COLLATERAL LIGAMENT INJURIES

Forced ulnar or radial deviation at any of the interphalangeal joints can cause partial or complete collateral ligament tears. The PIP joint usually is involved in collateral ligament injuries, which are commonly classified as “jammed fingers.”

Collateral ligament injuries present as pain located only at the affected ligament. The injury should be evaluated by applying valgus or varus stress to the involved joint in 30 degrees of flexion while the MCP joint is flexed at 90 degrees; an extended MCP joint will tighten the collateral ligaments, inhibiting the evaluation. The physician should compare the laxity of the injured finger with an unaffected finger. Radiography may demonstrate an avulsion fracture at the ligamentous insertion point.

If the joints are stable and no large fracture fragments are present, the injury can be treated with buddy taping (i.e., taping the injured finger, above and below the joint, to an adjacent finger) (Figure 7). If the ring finger is involved, it should be secured to the fifth digit, because the fifth digit is naturally extended and easily injured if exposed.

Patients with collateral ligament injuries may continue participating in athletic events as symptoms allow. If joints are unstable with active ranges of motion, patients should be referred to an orthopedic or hand surgeon. A low threshold for referral should exist for collateral ligament injuries in children, because the growth plate often is involved.^7,11

VOLAR PLATE INJURY

Hyperextension of a finger joint, such as a dorsal dislocation, can injure the volar plate (Figure 8). The PIP joint usually is affected, and collateral ligament damage often is present. The volar plate can be partially or completely torn, with or without an avulsion fracture. ¹¹ The subsequent loss of joint stability may allow the extensor tendon to gradually pull the joint into hyperextension, causing deformity.

Maximal tenderness will be located at the volar aspect of the affected joint. Full extension and flexion will be possible if the joint is stable. The collateral ligaments should be tested as with collateral ligament injuries. Radiographs may show an avulsion fragment at the base of the involved phalanx.

A stable joint without a large avulsion fragment should be splinted with a progressive extension splint (“block splint”) (Figure 9) starting at 30 degrees of flexion^7,22 for two to four weeks, depending on injury severity; buddy taping should follow. Increasing the extension of a dorsal aluminum splint weekly will progressively increase range of motion.²² In less severe injuries, the injured joint should be buddy taped. This will restrict some extension and provide support. These two techniques may allow a patient to continue participating in athletic events sooner; however, participation depends on the athlete’s sport and position; it is difficult to play some sports with a flexed PIP joint. Referral criteria include an unstable joint or a large avulsion fragment.

Hand tendon repair – NHS

If any of the tendons in your hand are damaged, surgery may be needed to repair them and help restore movement in the affected fingers or thumb.

What are tendons?

Tendons are tough cords of tissue that connect muscles to bones.

When a group of muscles contract (tighten), the attached tendons will pull on certain bones, allowing you to make a wide range of movements.

There are 2 groups of tendons in the hand:

• extensor tendons – which run from the forearm across the back of your hand to your fingers and thumb, allowing you to straighten your fingers and thumb
• flexor tendons – which run from your forearm through your wrist and across the palm of your hand, allowing you to bend your fingers

Surgery can often be used to repair damage to both these groups of tendons.

When hand tendon repair is needed

Hand tendon repair is needed when 1 or more tendons in your hand rupture (break or split) or are cut, leading to the loss of normal hand movements.

If your extensor tendons are damaged, you’ll be unable to straighten 1 or more fingers. If your flexor tendons are damaged, you’ll be unable to bend 1 or more fingers.

Tendon damage can also cause pain and swelling (inflammation) in your hand.

Sometimes, damage to the extensor tendons can be treated without the need for surgery, using a rigid support called a splint that’s worn around the hand.

Common causes of tendon injuries include:

• cuts – cuts across the back or palm of your hand can result in injury to your tendons
• sports injuries – extensor and flexor tendons can be injured when playing sports like rugby, and the pulleys holding flexor tendons can rupture if you do a lot of strenuous gripping like in rock climbing
• animal and human bites – these type of bites can cause tendon damage, and a person may damage their hand tendon after punching another person in the teeth
• crushing injuries – jamming a finger in a door or crushing a hand in a car accident can divide or rupture a tendon
• rheumatoid arthritis – rheumatoid arthritis can cause tendons to become inflamed which, if severe, can lead to them rupturing

Tendon repair surgery

Tendon repair may involve a surgeon making a cut (incision) in your wrist, hand or finger so they can locate the ends of the divided tendon and stitch them together.

Extensor tendons are easier to reach, so repairing them is relatively straightforward.

Read more about how hand tendon repair is performed.

Recovering from surgery

Both types of tendon surgery require a lengthy period of recovery (rehabilitation) because the repaired tendons will be weak until the ends heal together.

Depending on the location of the injury, it can take up to 3 months for the repaired tendon to regain its previous strength.

Rehabilitation involves protecting your tendons from overuse using a hand splint. You’ll usually need to wear a hand splint for several weeks after surgery.

You’ll also need to perform hand exercises regularly during your recovery to stop the repaired tendons sticking to nearby tissue, which can prevent you being able to fully move your hand.

When you can return to work will depend on your job. Light activities can often be resumed after 6 to 8 weeks, and heavy activities and sport after 10 to 12 weeks.

Read more about recovering from hand tendon repair.

Results

After an extensor tendon repair you should have a working finger or thumb, but you may not regain full movement.

The outcome is often better when the injury is a clean cut to the tendon, rather than one that involves crushing or damage to the bones and joints.

A flexor tendon injury is generally more serious because they’re often put under more strain than extensor tendons.

After a flexor tendon repair, it’s quite common for some fingers to not regain full movement. But the tendon repair will still give a better result than not having surgery.

Complications can sometimes develop after surgery, such as infection or the repaired tendon snapping or sticking to nearby tissue. In these circumstances, further treatment may be required.

Page last reviewed: 06 September 2021
Next review due: 06 September 2024

First Aid and Treatment

Content

• 1 Finger Tendon Rupture: First Aid and Recovery
  • 1.1 Finger Tendon Rupture: First Aid and Treatment
    • 1.1.1 First Aid

    9 0005 1.1.2 Treatment

  • 1.2 What is a tendon rupture?
  • 1.3 Symptoms of a tendon rupture
  • 1.4 First aid for a tendon rupture in the finger
    • 1.4.1 Stop the bleeding
    • 1.4.2 Fix the finger
    • 1.4.3 Apply ice to the damaged area
    • 1.4.4 Perform repair procedures
  • 1.5 How and where to treat a tendon rupture on the finger?
    • 1.5.1 First aid
    • 1. 5.2 Treatment
  • 1.6 Rehabilitation after tendon rupture treatment
    • 1.6.1 Individual approach
    • 1.6.2 Physiotherapy
    • 1.6.3 Exercise
    • 1.6.4 Restriction of work
    • 1.6.5 Diet
  • 1.7 Exercise regimens after tendon rupture treatment
    • 1.7.1 Restorative physiotherapy techniques
    • 1.7.2 Stretching and strengthening exercises
    • 1.7.3 Important tips
  • 1.8 How to prevent tendon rupture ?
  • 1.9 Factors affecting recovery after tendon rupture treatment
  • 1.10 How long does it take for a tendon rupture to heal?
  • 1.11 Alternative Treatments for Tendon Rupture
  • 1.12 Q&A:
    • • 1.12.0.1 What is a finger tendon tear and how does it happen?
      • 1.12.0.2 What are the symptoms associated with a tendon rupture in the finger?
      • 1.12.0.3 How to give first aid in case of tendon rupture on the finger?
      • 1. 12.0.4 What are the treatments for a tendon rupture in the finger?
      • 1.12.0.5 How long does it take to recover after surgery for a tendon rupture in a finger?
      • 1.12.0.6 What complications can arise from a tendon rupture in the finger?
  • 1.13 Need for surgery for a torn tendon in the finger
  • 1.14 Related videos:

Learn how to deal with a torn tendon in the finger Tse hands, what could be the consequences and how to speed up the process of recovery. Tips and recommendations from experienced professionals in the article on our website.

An accident in which a tendon rupture occurs in the finger, often occurs in professional athletes, people engaged in physical labor, and also when falling on the hand. It is characterized by acute pain, swelling and impaired motor functions of the finger.

In such a situation, it is necessary to quickly and competently provide first aid, and then contact a specialist who will determine the extent of the injury and prescribe treatment.

There are several methods of treatment: conservative, in which measures are taken to strengthen the tissues and restore function of the finger, and surgical, which includes cutting the wound and connecting the torn sections of the tendon.

It is important to remember that self-medication can lead to complications and aggravate the condition. Contact the professionals!

Finger tendon rupture: first aid and treatment

First aid

If there is a tendon rupture in the finger, the first thing to do is to stop the bleeding, if any. To do this, it is necessary to bandage the injured finger or apply a pressure bandage. No ointment, other than an antiseptic, should be applied so as not to disrupt the body’s natural healing response.

Ice or any other cold object can then be used to reduce swelling and pain. Note that cooling should be carried out for 20 minutes every 2-3 hours during the first day. Also, with a rupture of the tendon on the finger, you can use pain medications in the form of analgesics, of course, on the recommendation of a doctor.

No

100%

Treatment

After giving first aid, the patient should see a doctor. Sometimes a doctor can do without surgery if the injury is not too serious. For this, kinesio taping, laser treatment, massage, physiotherapy are used. If the rupture of the tendon is too serious, surgical intervention is required, during which the affected area of ​​the tendon will be stitched.

After the operation, the patient is given a course of rehabilitation, which may include antibiotics, a cast or splint, therapeutic exercises, massage, and physiotherapy. Everything is individual, based on the severity of the injury and the patient’s condition. It is important to follow all the doctor’s prescriptions and not to exercise without his permission.

What is a tendon rupture?

Tendon rupture is an injury to the tendon that occurs as a result of sudden physical exertion or injury. Such injury can occur during jumps, falls, bumps, and other accidents.

Tendon is an elastic connective tissue that connects muscles to bones. It is responsible for the transfer of force from the muscles to the bones when performing movements. When a tendon ruptures in the area of ​​the finger, movements become difficult and painful, as the muscles cannot transfer force to the bones.

Symptoms of a tendon rupture in the finger may include, but are not limited to, a sharp pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty moving the finger, and crackling sounds when moving.

Symptoms of a tendon rupture

A tendon rupture in the finger is a serious injury and presents with several characteristic symptoms.

• Pain syndrome: pain at the site of a tendon rupture can be very severe, especially when moving a finger. The pain worsens during exercise on the arm and can lead to painful muscle spasms.
• Edema: tendon rupture is accompanied by swelling of the tissue at the site of injury, which can lead to limited movement of the finger.
• Bruising: Bruising may occur at the site of tendon rupture. It indicates the presence of internal hemorrhage and requires immediate medical attention.
• Mobility restriction: tendon rupture in the finger can lead to limited finger movement and difficulty performing daily tasks.

If you notice these symptoms, you should contact a specialist for a thorough examination and determine further treatment.

First aid for tendon rupture in the finger

Stop the bleeding

If there is bleeding, apply pressure to the wound. To avoid squeezing the arteries and blood vessels, the dressing should be applied above the level of the wound. If the bleeding is severe, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Lock the finger

Lock the finger in order for the tendon to heal. For the first time, you can use an impromptu splint made of matches and a bandage. In the presence of special clamps, the finger must be fixed by them.

Apply cold to the injured area

Cold can be applied to the injured area to reduce tissue swelling and pain. Cold can be used as a compress or ice massage. Do not apply cold for more than 15-20 minutes at a time.

Perform recovery procedures

After first aid, a series of procedures should be performed to restore motor functions. These include various exercises for the hand and finger, physiotherapy.

It is important to remember that tendon rupture is a serious injury that requires comprehensive treatment. It is necessary to contact specialists and follow their recommendations for treatment and rehabilitation after injury.

How and where to treat a tendon rupture in the finger?

First Aid

If a tendon ruptures in the finger, contact a surgeon immediately. Prior to the arrival of medical help, first aid should be given:

1. Stop bleeding if it occurs;
2. Applying cold to the injured area will help reduce swelling and pain;
3. Fix the finger with a special bandage.

Treatment

Treatment of a tendon rupture in the finger begins with diagnosis and examination. After this procedure, a decision is made on further treatment, which may include:

• Immobilization of the injured finger with a cast or special support;
• Intensive care of the patient’s body condition;
• Surgery to repair the tendon.

In most cases, the treatment of a tendon rupture in the finger is successful and restores the function of the finger.

Method of treatment Advantages Disadvantages

Rehabilitation after tendon rupture treatment

Individual approach

Recovery after tendon rupture requires an individual approach to each patient. The rehabilitation doctor develops a program of rehabilitation classes that takes into account the type of gap, age and general condition of the patient.

Physical Therapy

A key component of the rehabilitation program is physical therapy to help restore function to the torn tendon and speed up the healing process. This may be laser therapy, electrical stimulation and other methods prescribed by a doctor.

Exercises

Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the tendon become part of the rehabilitation program. They help restore range of motion and restore strength to a torn tendon.

• Exercises for the development of fingers at least from the palmar part.
• Stretching the muscles of the finger with a bandage, expander and other devices containing means for developing the muscles of the fingers.
• Squeezing various objects such as a ball or kettlebell to strengthen the muscles.

Restriction of work

It is possible that for some time after treatment, patients will have to reduce the load on the hand with a torn tendon. It can be certain movements, as well as work with super-heavy objects. The purpose of this limitation is to prevent re-rupture and speed up the recovery process.

Diet

Some foods help accelerate tissue healing, including tendons. It is important to learn how to eat right so that you can get the necessary nutrients for quick healing. For example, you need to consume enough protein, vitamin C and zinc.

Exercise charts after tendon rupture treatment

Rehabilitation physiotherapy techniques

After tendon rupture treatment on the finger, it is necessary to start rehabilitative physical therapy. The main objective of this procedure is to restore and strengthen the functionality of the damaged tendon.

There are several types of rehabilitation physiotherapy. One of them is the Felder technique, which includes a set of stretching and strengthening exercises. Another popular method is the Cox technique, which is based on a variety of stretching exercises and the slow development of an injured tendon.

Stretching and strengthening exercises

Each technique includes stretching and strengthening exercises for the injured tendon. One such exercise is hand massage. This massage helps to strengthen the muscles, improve blood circulation in the injured limb and return the tendon to its normal state.

Another effective exercise is hand gymnastics. Simple movements, such as squeezing and expanding the hand, help restore hand mobility and strengthen the injured tendon.

Important Tips

• Start with light exercises. Although stretching and strengthening exercises can help repair a damaged tendon, you should start with light exercises. Do not try to immediately move on to more complex ones.
• Don’t overdo it. Active physical therapy will help speed up recovery, but don’t overdo it – it can be harmful. Don’t forget the measure.

How to prevent tendon rupture?

A tendon rupture in the finger is an unpleasant and painful phenomenon, so it is best to prevent it in advance.

Keep your hands in good shape. Do exercises and workouts regularly to strengthen the muscles in your hand and fingers. This helps increase the level of tendon flexibility and strength.

Be careful. Wear gloves while doing manual labor. This can protect your hands from injuries and bruises that can lead to tendon rupture in your fingers.

Watch your health. Alcohol abuse and smoking impair blood circulation in the body, which can reduce the strength of the tendons and make them less elastic.

Be attentive to your body. If you have any pain or discomfort in your hand, then consult a doctor and undergo a preventive examination. Tendon problems detected early can be successfully treated and a possible rupture can be avoided.

Factors affecting recovery after tendon rupture treatment

Proper treatment and first aid in case of tendon rupture is only the first step towards recovery. The results of treatment and the speed of recovery may depend on several factors:

• Location and nature of the rupture – it is important to determine how serious the tendon rupture was, as this determines the possibility of functional load on the arm after its treatment;
• Depth and length of the tear – this can affect the difficulties during the rehabilitation process;
• Age of victim – for older patients, recovery from treatment may be slower and more difficult;
• General health – Associated health problems such as diabetes, heart disease, or obesity can slow down the healing process;
• Time elapsed before treatment – the longer you stay inactive, the more difficult it will be to repair the tendon and return the hand to normal.

Most often, after going through all the stages of treatment and rehabilitation, recovery after a rupture of the tendon of the finger occurs completely, subjected to normal functional load.

How long does it take for a tendon rupture to heal?

The time it takes for a torn tendon to heal depends on many factors, such as the location of the injury, the age and general health of the patient, and the treatment chosen.

A tendon rupture usually takes weeks to months to heal. In the first few days after the injury, the patient must remain calm and wear a plaster cast or other fixative. During this period, the doctor may prescribe pain medication and apply ice to the affected area.

Once healing begins, regular exercise and manipulation is important to maintain tissue flexibility and strength. In some cases, a rehabilitation course may be required, which can last several months.

If the pain worsens, seek immediate medical attention. Prolonged lack of treatment or the wrong treatment method can lead to loss of mobility and a decrease in the patient’s quality of life.

Alternative Treatments for Tendon Rupture

In addition to conventional medicine, there are alternative treatments for tendon rupture that can help speed healing and reduce pain.

• Acupuncture – injections of needles into certain points can improve blood circulation and stimulate the process of tissue regeneration.
• Massage – Special massage techniques can improve blood flow and reduce swelling, which will reduce pain and speed healing.
• Homeopathy – Some homeopathic remedies can help reduce pain, speed up healing, and improve the mobility of the affected finger.
• Phytotherapy – Herbal treatment can help speed healing and reduce tissue inflammation.

In any case, before using any alternative treatment for tendon rupture, it is imperative to consult a specialist and clarify possible contraindications.

Q&A:

What is a finger tendon rupture and how does it happen?

A torn tendon in the finger is an injury to the connective tissue that connects muscles to bones. Usually, a tendon rupture in the finger occurs when the hand moves sharply or falls on the fingers.

What are the symptoms associated with a tendon rupture in the finger?

The main symptoms of a tendon rupture in the finger are: pain when moving the finger, swelling, bruising, feeling of weakness in the finger, limited movement.

How to give first aid for a tendon rupture in the finger?

In case of a tendon rupture on the finger, it is necessary to: stop the bleeding (if any), apply a fixing bandage to the finger on which the tendon is damaged, apply cold compression, call an ambulance.

What are the treatments for a tendon rupture in the finger?

Treatment of a tendon rupture in the finger may include: conservative therapy (treatment without surgery), surgical therapy (surgery), rehabilitation measures, physiotherapy, massage, therapeutic exercises.

How long does it take to recover after surgery for a tendon rupture in a finger?

The duration of rehabilitation after surgery for tendon rupture on the finger depends on the complexity of the operation, the general physical condition of the patient, the timing of the start of treatment and other factors. On average, rehabilitation can last from several weeks to several months.

What complications can arise from a tendon rupture in the finger?

Complications of a tendon rupture in the finger can be different: impaired finger movement, reduced hand function, impaired sensation in the finger, infections, arthritis, and others.

Need for surgery for a torn tendon in the finger

A torn tendon in the finger is a serious injury that can lead to partial or complete immobility of the finger. In some cases, surgery may be required to restore the functionality of the finger.

Surgery may be needed if the tendon is torn halfway or completely and cannot heal on its own. Also, surgery is necessary if the vessels or nerves in the area of ​​damage are damaged.

If the damage to the tendon is not too serious and the treatment was carried out in time, then surgery may not be required. In this case, the restoration of the functionality of the finger can be achieved with the help of a period of rehabilitation and the use of special painkillers.

In any case, the decision on the need for surgery is made by the surgeon, who examines and diagnoses the injury. The causes and features of the injury may be different, so each case requires an individual approach to treatment and a decision on the need for surgery.

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