Hand Rash – Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

Rash is a symptom that causes the affected area of skin to turn red and blotchy and to swell. The rash may cause spots that are bumpy, scaly, flaky, or filled with pus. Rashes can vary in location, pattern and extent and may occur in any area of the body. A rash on your hand can have a variety of causes, and it may indicate something occurring around the hand itself or suggest a systemic (body-wide) condition.

Contact dermatitis (skin inflammation) is caused by an adverse reaction to something that touches the skin, including chemicals found in detergent, soap or a fragrance. For example, you may develop a rash on your hand after you try a new brand of soap or lotion. Other forms of contact dermatitis include exposure to certain plants, such as poison oak or ivy, an animal bite, or an insect sting. Lyme disease is caused by a tick bite and can first appear as a circle with a bull’s-eye pattern, then progress to a rash.

Allergies to food and medications are potentially serious sources of rash. Peanuts, shellfish, strawberries and avocados are just some of the foods that can trigger allergic reactions. These foods may cause mild reactions; however, in some cases, reactions could develop into potentially life-threatening conditions characterized by vomiting, difficulty breathing, and swelling. Allergic purpura is a serious, often life-threatening allergic reaction that can affect the joints, gastrointestinal tract, and kidneys as well as lead to a skin rash.

Rashes may also occur in skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis and impetigo. The hand is a common location for psoriasis eruptions, which cause scaly white spots and inflammation. Some chronic skin conditions may flare up for a time, then resolve. Scabies, a contagious disease caused by tiny mites, typically starts on the hands, in the grooves between the fingers. Other causes for rash include autoimmune disorders that occur when the body is attacked by its own immune system, which normally serves to protect it from foreign invaders (antigens). Many viruses that occur during flu season, or those associated with childhood diseases, can produce rash. Hand-foot-and-mouth disease, a condition that occurs in children, may be accompanied by a non-itchy rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.

Rashes can be caused by an allergic reaction to food, medications, lotions or detergents. These reactions can range from mild to potentially life threatening, especially if swelling and constriction of breathing occurs, which could indicate anaphylactic shock.
Seek immediate medical care (call 911) if a rash is accompanied by any serious symptoms including swelling of the face, swelling and constriction of the throat, difficulty breathing, fainting, change in level of consciousness or alertness, pale skin, or purple rash.

Seek prompt medical care if a rash is persistent or causes you concern.

Hand dermatitis | DermNet NZ

Author: Dr Amanda Oakley, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand, 1997.  Updated by Dr Karen Koch, Consultant Dermatologist, Donald Gordon Medical Clinic, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. March 2018.

What is hand dermatitis?

Hand dermatitis is a common acute or chronic eczematous disorder that affects the dorsal and palmar aspects of the hands due to a variety of causes.

Hand dermatitis is also known as hand eczema.

Hand dermatitis

See more images of hand dermatitis.

Who gets hand dermatitis?

Hand dermatitis is common, especially in young adult females, and accounts for 20–35% of all forms of dermatitis. It may occur at any age, including during childhood. It is particularly prevalent in people with a history of atopic dermatitis. [see also Atopic hand dermatitis]

Chronic hand dermatitis is estimated to affect 10–15% of the population [1].

Hand dermatitis is particularly common in industries involving wet work or exposure to chemicals such as cleaning, catering, metalwork, hairdressing, healthcare, housework, painting and mechanical work. This is mainly due to contact with irritants, but specific contact allergies can contribute [2].

What causes hand dermatitis?

Hand dermatitis often results from a combination of causes, including:

Hand dermatitis is frequently caused or aggravated by work when it is known as occupational dermatitis.

Irritants include water, detergents, solvents, acids, alkalis, cold, heat and friction. These can damage the outer stratum corneum, removing lipids and disturbing the skin’s barrier function. Water loss and inflammation lead to further impairment of barrier function.

In atopic dermatitis, a deficiency in or defective function of the filaggrin protein in the stratum corneum leads to barrier dysfunction resulting in water loss and easy penetration by irritants and allergens [3].

Contact allergy is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction with elicitation and memory phases involving T lymphocytes and release of cytokines [2].

What are the clinical features of hand dermatitis?

Hand dermatitis may affect the backs of the hands, the palms, or both. It can be very itchy, often with a burning sensation, and is sometimes painful. It has acute, relapsing, and chronic phases.

Acute hand dermatitis presents with:

• Red macules, papules, and plaques
• Swelling
• Blistering, weeping, crusting
• Fissuring.

Features of chronic hand dermatitis include:

• Dryness and scale
• Lichenification.

There are various causes and clinical presentations of hand dermatitis.

Hand dermatitis

Atopic hand dermatitis

Atopic hand dermatitis is due to impaired skin barrier function and is triggered by contact with irritants. It usually involves the backs of the hands and around the wrists. It may manifest as a discoid or vesicular pattern of eczema. Patients will typically have signs of atopic dermatitis elsewhere such as in the flexures.

Discoid eczema

Discoid eczema (nummular dermatitis) tends to affect the dorsal surfaces of the hands and fingers as circumscribed plaques. Other sites of the body may or may not be affected.

Vesicular hand dermatitis

Vesicular hand dermatitis is also known as pompholyx. Intensely itchy crops of skin-coloured blisters arise on the palms and the sides of the hands and fingers. Similar symptoms often affect the feet. It is likely this form of dermatitis is triggered by sweating (hyperhidrosis) such as in hot and/or humid weather and with emotional stress.

Chronic relapsing vesiculosquamous dermatitis

Chronic relapsing vesiculosquamous dermatitis is a common pattern of palmar and finger dermatitis, in which episodes of acute vesicular dermatitis are followed by chronic scaling and fissuring.

Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis

Hyperkeratotic hand dermatitis is a chronic, dry, non-inflammatory palmar dermatitis. It can appear similar to palmar psoriasis but is less red and less well circumscribed.

Fingertip dermatitis

Fingertip dermatitis can be isolated to one or several fingers.

Irritant contact dermatitis

The hands are the most common site for irritant contact dermatitis and are often due to wet work and repeated exposure to low-grade irritants. The finger-webs are the first place to be affected, but inflammation can extend to fingers, the backs of the hands and the wrists. Irritant contact dermatitis often spares the palms.

• Acute irritant contact dermatitis is due to injury by potent irritants such as acids and alkalis, often in an occupational setting.
• Repeated exposure to low-grade irritants such as water, soaps, and detergents leads to chronic cumulative irritant dermatitis.

Allergic contact dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis may be difficult to distinguish from constitutional forms of hand dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis. There are about 30 common allergens and innumerable uncommon or rare ones that may affect the hands. Common allergens include nickel, fragrances, rubber accelerators (in gloves) and p-phenylenediamine (permanent hair-dye). Clues to contact allergy depend on the allergen, but may include:

• Periodic flare-ups associated with certain tasks or places hours to days earlier
• Irregular, asymmetrical distribution of the rash
• Sharp border to the rash (eg, at the wrist, corresponding with the cuff of rubber glove).

What are the complications of hand dermatitis?

• Bacterial skin infections (staphylococci and/or streptococci) can result in pustules, crusting and pain.
• Dermatitis at the ends of the fingers may result in deformed nails.
• Dermatitis can spread to affect other sites, particularly the forearms and feet.

How is hand dermatitis diagnosed?

Hand dermatitis is usually straightforward to diagnose and classify by history and examination, considering:

• Acute, relapsing, or chronic course
• Past history of skin disease
• Dermatitis on other sites
• Occupation and hobbies.

However determining the cause of a hand dermatitis can be complicated as it may be multifactorial.

Patients with chronic hand dermatitis may require patch tests to detect contact allergens. 

A punch biopsy and skin scrapings (mycology) may be necessary to exclude other causes of inflammation of the hands.

What is the differential diagnosis for hand dermatitis?

• Contact urticaria — for example, to latex gloves (immediate redness, itching and swelling that resolves within an hour)
• Protein contact dermatitis, most often affecting caterers (a combination of urticaria and dermatitis induced by reactions to meat)
• Psoriasis (symmetrical, well-circumscribed, red, scaly plaques)
• Tinea manuum (unilateral or asymmetrical, peripheral scale). 

Patch testing patients with hand dermatitis

What is the treatment for hand dermatitis?

Patients with all forms of hand dermatitis should be most particular to:

• Minimise contact with irritants — even water
• Use non-soap cleanser when washing hands, rinse carefully, and ensure hands are completely dry afterwards
• Note that cream cleansers are not antimicrobial; soap and water or a sanitiser is needed for washing hands in order to destroy pathogens such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus responsible for COVID-19
• Completely avoid allergens that have been identified by patch testing
• Wear task-appropriate protective gloves
• Apply thick emollients before work/school and reapply after washing or when the skin dries out (this can be 10–20 times in a day).

Vinyl gloves are less likely than rubber gloves to cause allergic reactions.

• They must be scrupulously clean and should have no holes.
• They should not be worn for long periods.
• Sweating under the gloves aggravates dermatitis.
• Lined gloves or inner cotton gloves improve comfort.

Topical steroids reduce inflammation.

• Use a potent topical steroid on dermatitis on the backs of the hands and an ultrapotent topical steroid on palms.
• Cream formulation is usually best for vesicular hand dermatitis, and an ointment base for chronic dermatitis.
• They should be applied to areas of active dermatitis once or twice daily for several weeks, then discontinued or frequency/potency reduced.
• Short-term occlusion increases potency and is warranted if standard applications have not been effective.

Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus and pimecrolimus) have some evidence to show efficacy in hand eczema and can be used as a steroid-sparing agent [4].

Alitretinoin has been approved for treatment of hand dermatitis in some countries.

Secondary bacterial infection may require an oral antibiotic, usually flucloxacillin.

Severe acute flares of hand dermatitis are treated with short course oral prednisone (systemic steroids) for 2–4 weeks.

Chronic intractable hand dermatitis may be treated with second-line agents such as azathioprine, methotrexate, ciclosporin, alitretinoin or phototherapy.

How can hand dermatitis be prevented?

Contact irritant hand dermatitis can be prevented by careful protective measures and active treatment. It is very important that people with atopic dermatitis are aware of the risk of hand dermatitis, particularly when considering an occupation.

What is the outlook for hand dermatitis?

With careful management, hand dermatitis usually recovers completely. A few days off work may be helpful. When occupational dermatitis is severe, it may not be possible to work for weeks or months. Occasionally a change of occupation is necessary.

Skin rash should be considered fourth key symptom of COVID

A new pre-print study led by King’s College London has found that characteristic skin rashes and ‘COVID fingers and toes’ can occur in the absence of any other symptoms and therefore should be considered as key diagnostic signs of the virus.

Using data from the COVID Symptom Study app from around 336,000 regular UK users, researchers discovered that 8.8% of people reporting a positive coronavirus swab test had experienced a skin rash as part of their symptoms, compared with 5.4% of people with a negative test result. Similar results were seen in a further 8.2% of users with a rash who did not have a coronavirus test, but still reported classic COVID-19 symptoms, such as cough, fever or anosmia (loss of smell).

To investigate further, the team set up a separate online survey, gathering images and information from nearly 12,000 people with skin rashes and suspected or confirmed COVID-19. The team particularly sought images from people of colour, who are currently underrepresented in dermatology resources.

17% of respondents testing positive for coronavirus reported a rash as the first symptom of the disease. And for one in five people (21%) who reported a rash and were confirmed as being infected with coronavirus, the rash was their only symptom.

The rashes associated with COVID-19 fall into three categories:

• Hive-type rash (urticaria): Sudden appearance of raised bumps on the skin which come and go quite quickly over hours and are usually very itchy. It can involve any part of the body, and often starts with intense itching of the palms or soles, and can cause swelling of the lips and eyelids. These rashes can present quite early on in the infection, but can also last a long time afterwards.
• ‘Prickly heat’ or chickenpox-type rash (erythemato-papular or erythemato-vesicular rash): Areas of small, itchy red bumps that can occur anywhere on the body, but particularly the elbows and knees as well as the back of the hands and feet. The rash can persist for days or weeks.
• COVID fingers and toes (chilblains): Reddish and purplish bumps on the fingers or toes, which may be sore but not usually itchy. This type of rash is most specific to COVID-19, is more common in younger people with the disease, and tends to present later on.

Although COVID-19 is often thought of as a virus that affects the respiratory system, rashes had been reported in a number of cases of people in China and Europe who had been hospitalised with severe symptoms of the disease. However, this is the first and largest study to systematically gather data about skin rashes in milder cases in the wider population.

Lead author Dr Veronique Bataille, consultant dermatologist at St Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College London said: “Many viral infections can affect the skin, so it’s not surprising that we are seeing these rashes in COVID-19. However, it is important that people know that in some cases, a rash may be the first or only symptom of the disease. So if you notice a new rash, you should take it seriously by self-isolating and getting tested as soon as possible.”

Consultant dermatologist Dr Justine Kluk said: “These findings highlight the importance of keeping an eye on any new changes in your skin, such as lumps, bumps or rashes. Early reporting of COVID-associated rashes by members of the public and recognition of their significance by frontline healthcare practitioners – such as GPs, NHS 111 and hospital staff – may increase the detection of coronavirus infections and help to stop the spread.”

The non peer-reviewed paper is available online: Veronique Bataille et al, Diagnostic value of skin manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2020) medRxiv doi: 10.1101/2020.07.10.20150656

9 Photos Showing What ‘Covid Fingers And Toes’ Can Look Like

For months, red and purple bumps have been showing up on the fingers and toes of Covid-19 patients – dubbed ‘Covid fingers and toes’.

Before the coronavirus outbreak, people would get these bumps, also known as chilblains, if they were exposed to very cold temperatures. But when coronavirus cases began to rise, more people with symptoms of Covid-19 were reporting it as an issue – and in warmer weather as well, which rang alarm bells.

A team of researchers from the Covid Symptom Study surveyed 12,000 people who had skin rashes (including Covid fingers and toes) as well as suspected or confirmed Covid-19. They asked for images from respondents, especially people of colour, who are currently under-represented in dermatology resources.

We asked researchers from the study to share photos of the signs of ‘Covid fingers and toes’ that have showed up in coronavirus patients.

What do ‘Covid fingers and toes’ look like?

Covid fingers and toes are considered the rash most specific to Covid-19. It’s more common in children and young people with the disease, and it also tends to present later on in someone’s illness – but not always.

The red and purple bumps that appear on the fingers and toes may be sore, but not usually itchy. When the rash recovers, the top layers of the skin may peel.

How do we know it’s linked to Covid-19?

Many viral infections are known to produce skin changes. We also know Covid‐19 can affect different organ systems in the body, so it makes sense that this might also include the skin.

A study published in the British Journal of Dermatology found the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes Covid-19 was present in skin biopsies in children with symptoms of Covid toes, despite them having negative Covid test results. Analyses detected the virus in the skin’s endothelial cells (which line the blood vessels), as well as in the sweat glands.

“Our findings support a causal relation of SARS-CoV-2 with Covid toes,” said lead author Isabel Colmenero, a doctor at Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, in Spain. “Endothelial damage induced by the virus could be the key mechanism causing these lesions.”

Another study found no evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in the large majority of patients with chilblain symptoms during lockdown in France. However, researchers concluded the results of the survey don’t rule out that the virus could be directly responsible for some cases of chilblains.

It’s also important to note that if these symptoms are appearing towards the end of the illness, a Covid-19 test wouldn’t necessarily pick up the virus as they only work within the first few days of experiencing symptoms.

Covid toes in long-haulers

Some people with long-term Covid-19 symptoms (also known as long-haulers) have also experienced prolonged symptoms on their skin.

The International League of Dermatological Societies and the American Academy of Dermatology looked at data from 990 cases from 39 countries. They discovered that Covid toes in particular would often last for 15 days, but sometimes as long as 130-150 days.

The identification of this unique subset of Covid toes patients with symptoms lasting a long time may have implications for understanding the prolonged inflammatory response in some patients after infection, researchers said.

Dr Esther Freeman, principal investigator of the International Covid-19 Dermatology Registry and director of Global Health Dermatology at Massachusetts General Hospital, said: “Our registry identified a previously unreported subset of patients with longstanding skin symptoms from Covid-19.

“We highlight patients with pernio/chilblains, also known as Covid toes, who have had symptoms for as long as 150 days. This data adds to our knowledge about how Covid-19 can affect multiple different organ systems, even after patients have recovered from their acute infection. The skin can provide a visual window into inflammation that may be going on elsewhere in the body.”

Researchers from the Covid Symptom Study believe rashes, like Covid fingers and toes, should be considered a “key diagnostic sign” of the virus, after finding 8% of people who test positive have some form of rash.

The British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) is currently collating information about skin changes associated with Covid-19, both in adults and children. The association’s Nina Goad tells HuffPost UK: “In the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, the various skin symptoms of the disease were poorly understood, and not common knowledge. However, a series of important studies have shed light on several common skin manifestations of the disease.

″‘Covid toes’ are one of the skin signs seen during the Covid-19 pandemic. Skin symptoms may play a crucial role in detecting infection in people who are otherwise asymptomatic. However, it should be noted that rashes are very common and, in most cases, will not be linked to Covid-19.”

Covid Symptom Study author Dr Veronique Bataille, consultant dermatologist at St Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College London (KCL), urged people who notice a new rash to “take it seriously” by self-isolating and getting tested as soon as possible.

Currently the NHS only advises people to self-isolate if they have any of the following symptoms of coronavirus: a high temperature; a new, continuous cough; or a loss or change to their sense of smell or taste.

Triggers and Treatment I Banner Health

Are you concerned about a patch of red, itchy, swelling skin? It could be contact dermatitis. “It may sound alarming, but ‘dermatitis’ is just the medical term for ‘rash’ or an inflammation of the skin, and ‘contact’ means the rash has been caused by a chemical contact,” according to Robert Segal, MD, a professor of medicine and dermatology at the University of Arizona and a dermatologist with Banner – University Medicine Dermatology Clinic in Tucson, Arizona.

There are two types of contact dermatitis, according to the U.S. National Library of Medicine: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis occurs when a harsh chemical, such as acid, touches the skin and causes a chemical burn. A more likely cause for your irritant contact dermatitis, according to Dr. Segal, may be soap or hand sanitizer. “If you wash your hands dozens of times a day or use hand sanitizer often, your skin rash may have come from repeated use of these chemicals, which reduces the normal skin barrier function,” Dr. Segal explained.

Doctors, hospital workers, restaurant employees, machinists, butchers, and parents of young children often experience this type of dermatitis. The most likely areas for irritant contact dermatitis to present are the hands and face.

A less common type is allergic contact dermatitis. “In this type of contact dermatitis, the body recognizes a protein as foreign, and mounts an allergic response against it,” said Dr. Segal. Take poison ivy, for example. “When you encounter the active chemical in poison ivy,” said Dr. Segal, “your immune system may activate against the chemical, resulting in a rash developing 2-3 days later.”

Allergic contact dermatitis can happen anywhere on the body that comes into contact with the allergic chemical. “When the elastic on your socks causes a streaky rash on your ankles or a necklace causes a rash on your neck – this could be allergic contact dermatitis,” according to Dr. Segal.

Treating Contact Dermatitis

Luckily, most cases of contact dermatitis can be treated at home and neither form of contact dermatitis is contagious. To ease the symptoms of your rash, consider:

• Washing the affected area with water and a gentle soap
• Applying an over the counter 1% hydrocortisone cream
• Taking a cool shower to ease your discomfort from the burning and itching
• Relaxing in an oatmeal bath (oatmeal contains anti-inflammatory and moisture-retaining properties)
• Putting a cool compress on the affected area
• Taking an antihistamine, which can help calm your itchy, irritated skin

It’s very difficult to determine if your rash is contact dermatitis, or something else, which is why it’s important to have a doctor take a complete medical history and examine your skin. If you’ve tried these tactics and they aren’t helping, schedule an appointment with a Banner Health dermatologist. You may need prescription medication and your physician may recommend diagnostic patch testing to determine the cause of your contact dermatitis.

Join the Conversation

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5 Reasons Hand Eczema Flares Up and How To Tame It

Hand eczema flare-ups are beyond annoying. It can cause redness, itching, cracks, blisters, and dryness to the point of peeling and flaking, but that’s not all. During a bad flare-up of hand eczema, fingers can swell and hands can hurt. Without proper treatment, hand eczema can become chronic. A severe case could even make it hard to button your clothes or use a computer.

So, what causes flares? Here are five of the most common triggers and tips for avoiding them.

Trigger 1: Exposure to water

Constantly wetting and drying your hands can break down skin’s protective barrier, especially when you have sensitive skin that is prone to dryness. “Even after hands are dried, there’s some water left that evaporates. When it does, it reduces skin’s natural oils,” said Dr. Alissa O’Brien, a dermatologist at Water’s Edge Dermatology. If the water is piping hot, it’s even more irritating and drying.

How to dodge it: For dishwashing and other wet tasks, wear vinyl gloves with a cotton lining (or a separate cotton liner). Latex gloves can cause allergic reactions, so it’s best to avoid them. When you wash your hands, use a mild, low-lathering soap free of fragrances, preservatives, and dyes, and use lukewarm water, not hot. After washing and gently drying your hands, apply moisturizer, preferably an ointment. “Aquaphor Healing Ointment is probably one of the best,” said Dr. O’Brien. Other ointment brands she recommends include Vaseline, Cetaphil, CeraVe, Eucerin, and Aveeno. If you find ointments too greasy to use during the day, use a cream moisturizer instead and an ointment at night, under a pair of cotton gloves.

Trigger 2: Exposure to allergens or irritants

Hand eczema is often caused or worsened by exposure to a substance that’s irritating — think alcohol, bleach, cleansers or solvents — or one that causes an allergic reaction, such as perfume or certain plants. Florists often get dermatitis on their thumb and forefinger when clipping chrysanthemums and tulips (it’s known as “tulip fingers”). In the kitchen, vegetables — particularly garlic and onion — can lead to a flare-up, especially on the fingertips. Even fabric can exacerbate hand eczema. Rough, coarse materials such as wool and stiff synthetics such as polyester can trigger an itch-scratch cycle that worsens the condition.

Alissa O’Brien, MD

How to dodge it: Pay attention to what sets off your eczema. “Whether you’re at home or on the job, learn what irritates your skin and avoid or limit contact with those things,” advised Dr. O’Brien. Use a washing machine, dishwasher, and food processor when possible and ask other family members for help with housework, cooking and gardening to give your hands a break. Protect your hands from irritants and allergens by wearing vinyl or cotton gloves while you do chores. Wear heavy-duty vinyl or neoprene gloves at work if you’re exposed to triggers there. If the gloves you have irritate your skin, ask your dermatologist for recommendations.

Trigger 3: Stress

Stress triggers the production of hormones, including cortisol and adrenaline, that can suppress the immune system and cause an inflammatory response in the skin. An eczema flare-up can create even more stress, leading to a vicious cycle. If you’re under a lot of emotional or physical stress, you may be at greater risk of dyshidrotic eczema, a type that causes itchy blisters on the palms of the hands that may be filled with fluid.

How to dodge it: Exercise is an excellent way to manage stress. In addition to boosting the production of feel-good chemicals, it also improves sleep, which can help to further decrease stress. To ease anxiety on the spot, take slow, deep, belly-expanding breaths in through your nose and exhale through your mouth.

Trigger 4: Sweating

Whether you’re walking outside, playing with your kids, or exercising, sweating can irritate the skin. The salty residue that’s left behind after sweat evaporates is known to worsen the itch. Some research suggests that people with eczema are more prone to excessive sweating.

How to dodge it: Keep a towel with you as you work out or when you’re outside to wipe away sweat, and rinse off sweat with lukewarm water afterward to prevent salty build-up. Because wearing gloves, especially waterproof gloves, can make your hands sweat, take them off frequently (every 20 minutes or so) to let your skin cool down.

Trigger 5: Physical wear and tear

Minor hand trauma from tasks like digging in the garden with bare hands can cause hand eczema or make it worse, as can friction from activities like handling large quantities of paper.

How to dodge it: Wear task-appropriate gloves. Cotton and fabric gloves can keep hands clean and protect against abrasions, but they may not be adequate for work with rough or sharp materials. Working with thorny plants, palm fronds or brambles may require leather gloves with longer cuffs.

Avoiding eczema triggers often goes a long way toward managing the condition. The key is to be diligent. “It can take a massive amount of effort if you have severe hand dermatitis, and people often want a quick fix, but putting in that effort to take care of your skin really pays off in keeping eczema from coming back,” said Dr. O’Brien.

Don’t get discouraged: Hand eczema can be stubborn, and it may take a few months for the patches of red, scaly and inflamed skin to fully heal. After that, your eczema is less likely to return.

END

Article Written By: Karyn Repinski, a Brooklyn, NY-based award-winning health and beauty writer.
Medical Review By: Ted Schiff, MD

90,000 Erythema: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment | doc.ua

Reasons

Erythema can be both physiological and non-physiological in nature. In the first variant, erythema can occur as a result of various psychoemotional states or short-term abnormal phenomena. This kind of redness goes away very quickly by itself and is not the cause of certain disorders in the body. If erythema is of non-physiological origin, then it can be considered a separate disease, which is accompanied by prolonged reddening of the skin and the presence of an inflammation process.

Erythema can have many reasons for its development. These are viruses, infections, various diseases of the skin and connective tissues, as well as physiotherapy procedures that involve the use of sources of thermal or chemical action. Also, causes of erythema can include poor circulation, allergic reactions, regular friction of the skin, exposure to cold or chemicals.

Often reddening of the skin is a consequence of Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and pregnancy.Medications such as penicillin, hormonal contraceptives (pills), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticonvulsants and sulfa drugs can also provoke erythema.

Symptoms

Erythema is usually divided into several types. Each of them has its own specific symptoms, as well as symptoms common to erythema – rash and redness.

Erythema is divided into two groups – infectious and non-infectious. The first occurs against the background of various infectious diseases, the causes of which are viruses and other microorganisms.

Rosenberg infectious erythema

Mostly older schoolchildren and people under 25 are exposed to it. The signs are quite acute: the patient may experience severe fever, severe headache, insomnia and joint pain. After a few days, the skin may become covered with an asymmetric, spotty, red rash. Erythema also affects the oral mucosa. The rash goes away within 5-6 days after its appearance and leaves behind a lamellar peeling of the skin. The disease lasts for 7-13 days.

Infectious erythema Chamer

Parvovirus is considered to be the causative agent of this type. Usually children are exposed to it, and it often proceeds without any symptoms. If they do exist, they appear from the first day. This is a small rash on the face, which eventually merges into one large spot. Also, rashes can occur on the skin of the arms, legs, torso and, over time, acquire a pale shade. Relapses of the disease often occur. In general, this erythema passes easily and lasts no more than 2 weeks.

Erythema nodosum

Its main symptom is the occurrence of nodular subcutaneous inflammations, which are mainly located on the front parts of the lower extremities, on the forearms and on the thighs. They are distinguished by their round shape and noticeable swelling, they have a dense structure, and their sizes can vary within 1–10 cm in diameter. These inflamed areas can be painful, especially in the case of mechanical stress (pressure, etc.). Other symptoms include joint pain and fatigue.

Erythema nodosum can be a symptom of a more serious medical condition, such as rheumatism or tuberculosis, or it can be independent. In the latter case, the origin of the disease often remains unclear, although streptococcal infection, mononucleosis, or the use of contraceptives and sulfa drugs are often the cause. The disease can last for two weeks or a month and a half. Over time, the redness and swelling subside, and bruises may remain on the affected areas that go away on their own.

Erythema multiforme or polyform exudative

This form of the disease is manifested by fever, headache, joint pain and discomfort in the muscles. After a few days, the skin of the body and limbs may become covered with a severe rash, which can provoke itching and burning. Erythema multiforme may be accompanied by the formation of exudate-filled blisters. After their rupture, painful erosion may remain.

Even more severe forms of the disease can manifest as Stevens-Johnson symptom, which is characterized by the appearance of blisters on the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, throat, genitals.Lyell’s syndrome may also occur, which is accompanied by a skin rash that turns into large blisters with serous-hemorrhagic content. At the same time, in half of the patients, it is not possible to identify the exact cause of the disease. In other situations, manifestations of this type of disease such as erythema exudative multiforme provoke infectious viral microorganisms – measles, herpes, scarlet fever, etc. or taking certain medications.

Sudden erythema

As the name suggests, this type of erythema develops quickly enough.Symptoms include a sharp increase in body temperature with an increase in lymph nodes under the jaw, headache, joint aches and general weakness. Within four days, the temperature returns to normal, and after that the skin of the face, limbs and trunk becomes covered with a patchy rash. Sometimes spots can coalesce and turn into erythematous fields.

Erythema migrans

May be a symptom of Lyme disease, which is predominantly transmitted by tick bites, but the cause is often unexplained.The incubation period lasts for 1-3 weeks. A ring-shaped spot appears at the site of the bite. It grows rapidly and reaches 30 cm in diameter. Further, this ring can turn pale and disappear altogether. The illness can last from 2 weeks to a couple of months. Erythema annular does not respond to treatment and eventually goes away on its own. This species is especially dangerous for a pregnant woman and her baby.

If we talk about the second, non-infectious form of erythema, then this includes diseases that appear as a reaction to a certain irritant, or as a manifestation of an allergy.This includes the following types of pathologies:

X-ray erythema

It manifests itself as inflammation of the skin and is characterized by a rash in response to prolonged or repeated exposure to X-ray waves. This type of erythema appears on the irradiated area of ​​the skin with a pronounced red spot that appears approximately 7 days after irradiation. Such a stain lasts 10 days, after which it darkens and acquires a brownish tint. Peeling may also appear at the site of the lesion.

Infrared or thermal erythema

It appears due to prolonged or regular exposure to heat, which is not enough for a full burn. It manifests itself as a reticular or pigmented rash on the skin.

Persistent erythema elevation

Indicates allergic vasculitis. The disease has two forms: symptomatic, manifested as a side effect, that is, as an allergy to taking certain medications, or against the background of polyarthritis, and idiomatic, which is associated with a hereditary etiology, and manifests itself as a nodular rash of a purple tone.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of erythema is carried out by a dermatologist, dermatovenerologist or allergist. Diagnosis of erythema includes taking the patient’s history, external examination, taking a scraping from the rash, general urine and blood tests, a smear for streptococcal infection. If the erythema is of a rheumatological nature, consultation with a rheumatologist, radiography, CT, MRI is required.

Treatment

The course of treatment for erythema depends on the degree of skin lesions and the individual characteristics of the patient’s skin.First of all, it is necessary to sanitize the foci of infections, to refuse from physical influence that can affect the skin (massage, sunbathing, etc.), to eliminate contacts between the skin and chemical irritants.

In case of erythema disease, treatment should include taking antibiotics, corticosteroid drugs, iodine alkalis, agnioprotectors that improve rheological properties and blood microcirculation, as well as antiplatelet agents, hemokinators, adaptogens and special drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels.In local therapy, occlusive dressings with corticosteroid and butadiene ointment and Dimexidum applications are used.

A patient with erythema should be kept in bed, especially when erythematous foci are concentrated on the legs. Gymnastics is also very useful, which helps to improve blood circulation. Experts advise adhering to a healthy diet that does not include fried, salted and smoked foods, preservatives, alcohol, strong coffee and tea, and chocolate. It is also better to exclude factors that can cause a relapse: prolonged walking or standing, smoking, exposure to low temperatures, lifting weights.

Search in pharmacies in Kiev for drugs prescribed by a doctor for erythema can be done through our website.

Science: Science and Technology: Lenta.ru

Scientists at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the USA found that some patients with COVID-19 had persistent skin symptoms that remained even after recovery for up to several months. A new manifestation of the disease is reported in a press release on EurekAlert !.

Researchers analyzed nearly a thousand cases of cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19.In 90 cases, rash and urticaria symptoms lasted an average of seven and four days, respectively, with a maximum duration of 28 days. The papulosquamous rash in the form of scaly papules and plaques lasted for 20 days with a maximum of 70 days. Swelling of the toes and hands, reminiscent of the symptoms of frostbite, (called COVID fingers or COVID toes) lasted for about 10 days, with six cases lasting 60 days and two for 130 days.

According to scientists, the results show that coronavirus infection can cause previously unknown skin symptoms, especially on the toes.The virus is able to provoke prolonged inflammation in the body, affecting the state of various organs. In this sense, the skin serves as an indicator of pathological processes that can last 4-5 months after recovery.

Skin rashes are another symptom characteristic of prolonged COVID-19. Although many people do not experience any manifestations of coronavirus infection (or they develop mild symptoms), more and more cases are recorded when patients suffer from the consequences of the disease for several months.Such manifestations include prolonged shortness of breath, headaches, and loss of smell. Researchers have identified for the first time a new subset of patients in whom lingering COVID-19 affects the skin.

Scientists do not yet know the exact cause of the swelling of the toes associated with COVID-19. Experts suggest that the symptom is a consequence of the infection itself, but it can also be associated with exposure to environmental factors to which patients with SARS-CoV-2 become especially vulnerable. The mechanism that causes cutaneous manifestations may be common with some autoimmune diseases, such as lupus, that is, be of an inflammatory nature.In this case, immune cells continue to be active even in the absence of the virus itself and attack the tissues of the organism itself.

Finally, a scenario is likely in which the virus continues to nest somewhere in the patient’s body like the herpes virus. However, scientists have not yet proven that SARS-CoV-2 is capable of this.

The coronavirus is known to cause severe damage to blood vessels that cannot recover for a long time. This affects the functioning of the heart and brain, as well as the senses.There have been cases where COVID-19 has led to hearing impairments, in particular, ringing in the ears. In severe cases, this has led to complete hearing loss. But even in those who have had a mild infection, neurons die in those areas of the brain that are responsible for memory, attention and speech. At the same time, the virus itself was not detected in the cerebrospinal fluid, so the mechanism of damage, most likely, again involves the immune system.

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Skin rash on the finger of the hand – Question to the dermatologist

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Neurodermatitis (atopic dermatitis). How is it treated?

Neurodermatitis

It is a recurrent disease that manifests itself with two main symptoms: inflammation and itching of the skin. This is a chronic disease that can manifest itself in childhood and accompany you throughout your life. People with neurodermatitis have a very difficult life due to the frequent manifestation of symptoms.When fighting this disease, the main goal is to prolong the periods of calmness of the skin as much as possible.

The exact cause of the disease has not been established, but it is believed that it is caused by genetic factors and the characteristics of the skin. There are factors that most often provoke the manifestation or exacerbation of neurodermatitis (we will talk about them in our article).

Today the term “neurodermatitis” is a replacement for the term – atopic dermatitis. Studies have shown that the impetus for the development of the disease is stress or a viral infection (in adults).The vast majority of patients learned about their diagnosis when symptoms manifested in childhood (up to 7 years). In childhood, manifestations are provoked by allergies.

Symptoms

Neurodermatitis has pronounced symptoms, namely: severe itching, peeling of the skin, redness (on the elbow and knee folds and skin folds on the neck). In addition, purulent formations and a rash can form on the face. Sometimes the disease is combined with other diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, pollionosis.

Factors influencing the exacerbation of neurodermatitis:

• • Continuous contact with possible allergens: dust, animal hair, pollen, food allergens;
• • Stress, strong emotional upheaval;
• • Malfunctions of the hormonal system;
• • Problems of the gastrointestinal tract;
• • Misuse of medicinal products;
• • Failure to comply with the rules of hygiene.

* Atopic dermatitis is hereditary, so if one or both parents have this disease, it is more likely to be passed on to the unborn child.

Manifestations of the disease at various stages.

Usually, the very first manifestations of neurodermatitis are noticeable in the first months of life. They appear as flaky redness of the skin on the face (around the eyes, behind the ears, in the eyebrows, on the cheeks). As the child grows up, the location of redness may change (mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, genitals. Exacerbations most often occur in the autumn-winter period, and in the summer the condition improves. The most noticeable symptom is severe itching! It is pathological in nature.When scratching, micro-wounds are formed through which infection can enter. That is why you should fight the symptoms of neurodermatitis.

Sometimes (during remission) symptoms relieve or disappear altogether. This period can last from several weeks to several years. If the symptoms of neurodermatitis do not bother you for more than 7 years, then we can talk about your recovery. However, since the disease is not fully understood, there is no clear understanding whether the disease is gone forever. There is a possibility of her return.

Diagnosis of neurodermatitis.

If symptoms appear, a dermatologist should be consulted for a diagnosis. If at least 3 of the listed factors are present, the doctor will suspect neurodermatitis:

• • Itching of the skin;
• • Visibility of skin lesions;
• • Hereditary factor;
• • Presence of relapses;
• • Exacerbations of allergies or severe stress;
• • Frequent skin infections;
• • Dark circles around the eyes;
• • Aggravations in the autumn-winter period;
• • Dry skin;
• • The appearance of additional depots on the lower eyelids.

* After studying the factors, the diagnosis is confirmed or refuted by laboratory tests. A general and biochemical analysis of blood, urine and feces, as well as allergy tests are prescribed.

Prevention and treatment of neurodermatitis.

Therapy of the disease involves two goals – to eliminate the existing disorders of the body, and to reduce the duration and frequency of relapses of the disease. In this case, complex treatment is appropriate, namely, a combination of improving the patient’s conditions and taking antihistamines and hormonal drugs.

To begin with , it is necessary to exclude the patient’s contact with potential allergens. A strict diet is recommended that excludes all spicy, citrus-containing, chocolate, eggs, milk and cocoa. The room should often be wet cleaned, and also there should be no carpets, feather pillows, and pets.

Drug therapy should begin with antihistamines (2nd and 3rd generation). The list of drugs should be written by your doctor, based on the individual course of your illness. In especially severe cases (with the addition of an additional infection through damaged skin areas), systemic antibiotics of a wide spectrum of action can be prescribed.

Physiotherapy can be used in the treatment of chronic neurodermatitis. The affected areas are exposed to ultrasound, ultraviolet light, current, magnet, ozone, oxygen, as well as a combination of chemical and physical effects. The methods may have contraindications, therefore it is necessary to discuss this method of treatment with your doctor.

Topical treatment involves the use of products that can be applied directly to the affected area (gels, ointments). This group of drugs has the most pronounced effect in relieving the symptoms of atopic dermatitis. These funds are divided into two groups: hormonal and non-hormonal. The choice in favor of one or another remedy must be approved by your doctor.

Conclusion.

Neurodermatitis (or atopic dermatitis) is a chronic disease that can facilitate the entry of other infections into the body. To diagnose the disease, relieve symptoms and treat it, it is necessary to consult an experienced dermatologist. Our multidisciplinary clinic Sante Clinic employs experienced doctors who will help you accurately diagnose and choose the right treatment. No queues and uncomfortable reception conditions! We are waiting for you at Sante Clinic!

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Diagnosis and treatment of photodermatosis | GK Klinika

Photodermatoses are skin diseases caused or triggered by ultraviolet A and B radiation.

The following types of photodermatosis are most common:

• polymorphic light rash;
• phototoxic dermatitis;
• photoallergic dermatitis;
• solar urticaria and other diseases.

Diagnosis of photodermatosis

When diagnosing photodermatosis, the anamnesis and clinical picture are of prime importance. The diagnosis is confirmed by photo tests, laboratory tests, or skin biopsy. At the beginning, the minimum erythemal dose is determined, i.e.e. the sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet radiation. When determining the minimum erythemal dose, the skin is exposed to UVA and UVB radiation in several places in exponentially increasing doses. This test is evaluated immediately and after 24 hours. If polymorphic light rash, solar urticaria, actinic prurigo, or chronic actinic dermatitis are suspected, photoprovocative tests are done. To diagnose photoallergic dermatitis, a photoapplication test (fotopatch) is performed.

Polymorphic light rash

What is polymorphic light rash?

This is the most common photodermatosis, which is characterized by a skin rash on areas of the skin accessible to the sun. This disease is mistakenly called “sun allergy”. The rash appears within a few hours after exposure to sunlight, but may appear after a few days. Most often, the rash appears in the spring, in March-June.

What is polymorphic rash?

It can be different. The rash can be in the form of spots, nodules, plates, blisters. However, in the patient, the elements of the rash are most often of the same type, for example, only nodes.

Who gets polymorphic light rash?

This disease can affect everyone, but women get sick 9 times more often than men or children.

How is polymorphic light rash treated?

In most cases, avoiding the sun and using sunscreen is sufficient to avoid rashes. If this has already happened, it is necessary to consult a dermatologist, who will prescribe the treatment.Prophylactic treatment with UVA or UVB rays is used – phototherapy. This is done 1.5-2 months before the start of the season or planned vacation. Thus, the skin gradually gets used to the sun. The patient undergoes UV radiation procedures 3-4 times a week. The average duration of treatment is 5 weeks.

Solar urticaria

What is solar urticaria?

This is a real “sun allergy” and a rare disease. Red spots and blisters appear on the skin immediately after sun exposure. The rash most often appears on areas of the skin accessible to the sun, but it can also appear on those parts of the body that are not exposed to the sun’s rays.

Who can get solar urticaria?

Women get sick more often than men. The disease can manifest itself at any age, most often it occurs before the age of 40.

Why do people get solar urticaria?

The mechanism of the disease is not fully understood. UV radiation is believed to cause a rapid type of allergic reaction.

How is solar urticaria treated?

Phototherapy
This is done 3-4 weeks before the start of the season or planned vacation. For treatment, UVA, UVB radiation or PUVA is used. Thus, tolerance is induced. Treatments are performed 3-4 times a week, sunscreens and allergy medications are also prescribed.

Phototoxic dermatitis

What is phototoxic dermatitis?

This is a photochemically induced (sunrays and chemicals) inflammatory reaction of the skin in areas accessible to the sun in the absence of immunological mechanisms. This is a common type of photodermatosis. Clinically, it is similar to a sunburn: on areas of the skin accessible to the sun, after contact with the substance that caused the inflammation, the skin turns red, swells, small or large blisters may appear.

What causes phototoxic dermatitis?

Most often it is caused by plants, medicines (for example, antibiotics), essential oils.

Photoallergic dermatitis

What is photoallergic dermatitis?

A photosensitizing substance that gets on the skin (or as a result of systematic exposure) causes an allergic reaction of a slow type.A rash on areas of the skin exposed to the sun is characteristic. The most common cause of this reaction is sunscreen and other skin care products. The disease is rare. The diagnosis is confirmed by a photoapplication test.

If you have any questions, please call our GK Clinic on tel. (5) 255 33 53 and arrange for an individual doctor’s consultation.

90,000 causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods on the website “Alpha Health Center”

Inflammatory skin disease resulting from exposure to physical, chemical or biological factors is accompanied by skin redness, itching and burning, blistering and blistering.

Contact dermatitis is any dermatitis caused by the direct interaction of any substances with the skin. Contact dermatitis can be simple or allergic. Both can be acute, subacute and chronic.

Simple contact dermatitis

Simple contact dermatitis is more common than allergic contact dermatitis. The cause of its occurrence is the toxic effect of irritants, leading to the destruction of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin) and inflammation of the skin.A person encounters most of the irritating substances on a daily basis – at home or at work. Some of them are mild irritants that cause dermatitis only with regular contact with the skin (detergents, cleaners, solvents). Others are corrosive substances that can cause dermatitis after a single contact (bleach, strong acids, alkalis). No one is immune from simple contact dermatitis.

Complaints

Mild irritants cause erythema (redness of the skin), cracking, and dry skin.Itching is usually mild to moderate. Most often, simple contact dermatitis affects the hands, as well as the face, especially the eyelids. In severe cases, there is swelling, weeping, pain. Corrosive substances cause painful blisters a few hours after contact with the skin.

Treatment

The tasks of treatment by a dermatovenerologist include the restoration of the epidermis and its further protection from irritating substances. For chronic simple contact dermatitis, it is often sufficient to minimize contact with soap and water, apply emollients (creams or ointments), and use gloves if the hands are affected.In the acute stage of the disease, it is sometimes necessary to apply glucocorticoid ointments under the dressings. Oral glucocorticoids help suppress acute inflammation, but they are not used in the treatment of chronic simple contact dermatitis. It is pointless to prescribe these drugs if contact with the irritating substance is not eliminated.

Allergic contact dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction to a substance. This reaction can develop both after a single contact with an allergen (for example, with some plants), and as a result of many years of regular exposure (for example, nickel or perfumes).

Complaints

At the site of contact, severe itching first occurs, and then an itchy rash. Since contact with the allergen and the onset of the disease can be separated in time by two weeks, it is often not possible to establish the date of contact. Chronic allergic contact dermatitis lasts for months and years.

Redness, swelling, rash, and oozing are noted in the affected areas. The localization and location of the rash depends on the cause of the disease. So, an allergen contained in decorative cosmetics will lead to damage to the face, a nickel ring to damage to one of the fingers, and rubber slippers to damage to the feet.

Treatment

Lotions with aluminum acetate (Burov’s liquid) help with rashes and weeping. After the affected skin is dry, glucocorticoids are prescribed for external use.