What are the symptoms of a sprained finger. How can you treat a sprained finger at home. When should you see a doctor for a sprained finger. What causes finger sprains and how can they be prevented.

Understanding Finger Sprains: Causes and Risk Factors

A sprained finger occurs when the ligaments connecting the finger joints are stretched or torn. These injuries are common, especially among athletes, but can happen to anyone during everyday activities. Understanding the causes and risk factors can help prevent these painful injuries.

Common causes of finger sprains include:

• Sports injuries, particularly in ball-catching or throwing sports
• Accidental impacts or falls
• Hyperextension of the finger
• Repetitive stress on the finger joints

Who is at higher risk for finger sprains? Athletes, especially those participating in basketball, volleyball, or football, face an increased risk due to frequent hand contact with balls and other players. However, anyone can experience a finger sprain through everyday accidents or mishaps.

Recognizing the Symptoms: From Mild to Severe Sprains

Finger sprains are classified into three grades, each with distinct symptoms. Recognizing these symptoms can help determine the severity of the injury and guide appropriate treatment.

First-Degree Sprain Symptoms

A first-degree sprain is the mildest form, characterized by:

• Localized pain and swelling around the joint
• Slight restriction in finger flexion or extension
• Minimal impact on finger strength and stability

Second-Degree Sprain Symptoms

Second-degree sprains are moderate injuries with more pronounced symptoms:

• Intensified pain
• Significant swelling, possibly extending to the entire finger
• Limited range of motion affecting the whole finger
• Mild joint instability

Third-Degree Sprain Symptoms

The most severe type of sprain, third-degree sprains, present with:

• Partial or complete finger dislocation
• Severe pain and swelling
• Significant instability of the entire finger
• Visible discoloration

Can you accurately identify the severity of your sprained finger? While these symptom guidelines can help, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis, especially if you suspect a moderate to severe sprain.

Effective Home Treatments for Sprained Fingers

For mild finger sprains, home treatments can be highly effective in promoting healing and reducing discomfort. The RICE method is a widely recommended approach for managing sprains:

• Rest: Avoid using the injured finger to prevent further damage.
• Ice: Apply ice packs for 20-minute intervals to reduce swelling and pain.
• Compression: Wrap the finger to minimize swelling.
• Elevation: Keep the hand elevated, especially while sleeping, to reduce swelling.

In addition to RICE, over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and inflammation. Always follow the recommended dosage instructions.

Are there any natural remedies for sprained fingers? While scientific evidence is limited, some people find relief with the following:

• Arnica gel or cream for reducing bruising and swelling
• Turmeric supplements for their anti-inflammatory properties
• Gentle finger exercises to maintain flexibility (once initial swelling subsides)

Remember, these natural remedies should complement, not replace, the RICE method and any medical advice you receive.

When to Seek Medical Attention for a Sprained Finger

While many finger sprains can be treated at home, certain situations warrant professional medical attention. Knowing when to see a doctor can prevent complications and ensure proper healing.

Seek medical care if:

• Symptoms don’t improve after 3-4 days of home treatment
• You suspect a moderate to severe sprain (second or third degree)
• There’s visible deformity or misalignment of the finger
• You experience numbness or tingling in the finger
• You’re unable to move the finger at all
• There’s intense, unrelenting pain

How will a doctor diagnose and treat a sprained finger? A healthcare professional will typically:

1. Perform a physical examination of the finger
2. Assess range of motion and stability
3. Order X-rays to rule out fractures if necessary
4. Recommend appropriate treatment based on the severity of the sprain

For severe sprains, treatment may include immobilization with a splint or, in rare cases, surgical repair of torn ligaments.

Prevention Strategies: Protecting Your Fingers from Sprains

While not all finger sprains can be prevented, certain precautions can significantly reduce your risk of injury. Implementing these strategies can help protect your fingers during various activities.

Sports-Related Prevention

• Use proper techniques when catching or throwing balls
• Wear appropriate protective gear, such as gloves or finger tape
• Warm up and stretch fingers before engaging in sports activities
• Gradually increase intensity and duration of training to build finger strength

Everyday Prevention

• Be mindful of your surroundings to avoid accidental impacts
• Use caution when carrying heavy objects
• Practice proper ergonomics when typing or using hand tools
• Strengthen hand muscles through exercises like squeezing a stress ball

How effective are finger exercises in preventing sprains? Regular hand and finger exercises can improve flexibility and strength, potentially reducing the risk of sprains. However, they should be performed carefully to avoid overexertion.

Recovery and Rehabilitation: Regaining Finger Function

Proper recovery and rehabilitation are crucial for regaining full function of a sprained finger. The recovery process varies depending on the severity of the sprain, but generally involves several stages.

Initial Recovery Phase

During the first few days after injury:

• Continue with RICE method
• Avoid putting stress on the injured finger
• Follow any medical instructions, such as wearing a splint if prescribed

Gradual Mobilization Phase

As pain and swelling subside:

• Begin gentle range-of-motion exercises as advised by a healthcare provider
• Slowly increase finger activity, being careful not to overexert
• Continue using a splint or tape for support during activities, if recommended

Strengthening Phase

Once mobility improves:

• Introduce finger strengthening exercises, such as using putty or stress balls
• Gradually return to normal activities, paying attention to any pain or discomfort
• Continue with exercises to prevent future injuries

How long does it take for a sprained finger to fully heal? Recovery time varies depending on the severity of the sprain:

• Mild sprains: 1-2 weeks
• Moderate sprains: 3-6 weeks
• Severe sprains: 6-8 weeks or longer

It’s important to be patient and not rush the recovery process to avoid re-injury or prolonged healing time.

Long-Term Impact and Complications of Finger Sprains

While most finger sprains heal without lasting effects, some cases may lead to long-term complications. Understanding these potential issues can help in seeking appropriate care and preventing chronic problems.

Possible Long-Term Effects

• Chronic pain or stiffness in the affected joint
• Reduced range of motion
• Increased susceptibility to future sprains
• Development of arthritis in the injured joint

Factors Influencing Long-Term Outcomes

Several factors can affect the long-term prognosis of a finger sprain:

• Severity of the initial injury
• Adequacy of treatment and rehabilitation
• Age and overall health of the individual
• Compliance with recovery protocols
• Presence of pre-existing joint conditions

Can repeated finger sprains lead to permanent damage? Yes, multiple sprains to the same finger can potentially result in chronic instability, arthritis, or permanent loss of function. This underscores the importance of proper treatment and prevention strategies.

Monitoring and Managing Long-Term Effects

To minimize long-term complications:

• Follow through with all prescribed treatments and rehabilitation exercises
• Attend follow-up appointments with healthcare providers
• Be attentive to any persistent pain or mobility issues
• Consider protective measures during high-risk activities
• Maintain overall hand and finger strength through regular exercises

By understanding the potential long-term impacts of finger sprains, individuals can take proactive steps to ensure optimal healing and prevent future injuries.

Adaptive Strategies: Living with a Sprained Finger

While recovering from a finger sprain, adapting daily activities can help maintain independence and prevent further injury. These strategies can make everyday tasks more manageable during the healing process.

Modifications for Daily Activities

• Use voice-to-text features for typing on mobile devices
• Opt for slip-on shoes to avoid tying laces
• Use adaptive tools like button hooks for dressing
• Consider pre-cut or easy-to-prepare foods to minimize cooking difficulties
• Use your non-injured hand for tasks when possible

Workplace Accommodations

If your job involves extensive use of your hands, consider these adaptations:

• Use ergonomic keyboards or voice recognition software for typing
• Take frequent breaks to rest your injured finger
• Communicate with your employer about temporary job modifications if needed
• Use supportive devices like splints during work hours if recommended by a doctor

How can you maintain physical fitness with a sprained finger? Focus on exercises that don’t involve the injured finger:

• Lower body workouts like walking or stationary cycling
• Core exercises that don’t require gripping
• Cardiovascular activities that don’t stress the hands, such as running or using an elliptical machine

By implementing these adaptive strategies, you can maintain a sense of normalcy and independence while allowing your finger to heal properly.

Symptoms, Home Treatments, and More

Sprained Finger: Symptoms, Home Treatments, and More

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Medically reviewed by William Morrison, M. D. — By Ana Gotter — Updated on August 29, 2018

What is a sprain?

A sprain is an injury that occurs when ligaments are torn or stretched. Ligaments are the bands of tissue that connect joints together.

Sprains are extremely common injuries. While they are especially common in athletes that participate in sports involving catching or throwing balls, anyone can sprain a finger relatively easily.

General symptoms of sprains are pain, swelling, limited mobility, and bruising. There are three different grades of sprains. Each grade has its own specific version of these symptoms.

First-degree sprain

A first-degree sprain is the mildest. It involves ligaments that are stretched but not torn. Symptoms include:

• some localized pain and swelling around the joint
• a restriction in the ability to flex or extend the finger

The strength and stability of the finger and joint are not affected.

Second-degree sprain

A second-degree sprain is considered a moderate sprain, where more damage is done to the ligament. Damage may be done to the joint capsule, too. This may include a partial tear of the tissue. Symptoms include:

• more intense pain
• more significant swelling, which may extend to the full finger
• limited range of motion that may affect the entire finger, not just one joint
• mild instability of a joint

Third-degree sprain

A third-degree sprain is the most severe type of sprain. It indicates a severe tearing or rupture of the ligament. Symptoms may include:

• full or partial dislocation of the finger
• severe pain and swelling
• instability of the full finger
• discoloration of the finger

Sprained fingers are caused by physical impact to the finger. In most cases, sprains are caused by a blow to the end of a finger, which reverberates up to the joint and causes it to become hyperextended. This stretches or tears the ligaments.

Sports injuries are extremely common causes of sprained fingers. This is especially true for sports like basketball. If the player just barely misses the ball with the tips of their fingers, they could sprain them. That being said, anyone could sprain a finger just by hitting it the wrong way on the counter or breaking a fall.

If you think that you have a mild sprain, there’s no need to see a doctor at first. If home treatment hasn’t helped and you have no improved mobility after three or four days, though, make an appointment just to double check.

Second- and third-degree sprains may require the attention of a doctor. They’ll inspect the joint and ask you to flex and extend your finger so they can evaluate its function and mobility. They may order an X-ray to check for fractures and evaluate the extent of the damage.

To treat a sprained finger at home, RICE is the first step you’ll take. RICE stands for rest, ice, compression, and elevation. You’ll need to rest the joint and apply ice packs on (and then off) for 20 minutes at a time. Never apply ice directly to the skin; wrap the ice pack in a towel. You can also submerge the joint in cool water. The cold can help reduce swelling and pain.

Compress the affected joint by wrapping it, and keep it elevated. Compression and elevation both help to reduce swelling. Elevation is especially important at night.

In addition to RICE, you can take over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) every eight hours.

If the sprain is severe enough, your doctor might immobilize the finger with a splint, which can help ensure that it heals correctly. In rarer cases that include severely torn ligaments, your doctor may need to operate on the ligament to repair it.

After minor and even moderate sprains, you should be able to start carefully using the finger again, slowly increasing mobility. Mild and moderate sprains typically are fully healed within three to six weeks.

Sprains can be painful, but fortunately, they’re highly treatable. They’re also preventable. If you stretch before you exercise and build strength in the surrounding muscles, you’ll be less susceptible to sprains. You should also always use the appropriate protective gear when engaging in any type of sport or physical activity that requires it.

Last medically reviewed on June 14, 2017

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

• Finger sprains. (n.d.). http://www.bssh.ac.uk/patients/conditions/33/finger_sprains
  
• Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Sprains and strains.
  mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains-and-strains/basics/prevention/con-20020958
• Zeigler T. (n.d.). Sprained finger.
  sportsmd.com/wrist-hand-injuries/sprained-finger/

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Medically reviewed by William Morrison, M.D. — By Ana Gotter — Updated on August 29, 2018

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Flexor Tendon Injuries – OrthoInfo

Flexor tendons are cord-like structures running from the forearm across the wrist and palm and into the fingers, allowing you to bend your fingers and thumb to grasp an object or make a fist. Injuries to the flexor tendons can cause you to lose the ability to bend one or more of the joints in your hand.

Flexor tendon injuries typically occur from a cut on the palm side of your fingers, hand, wrist, or forearm. Flexor tendons can also be injured when a finger or thumb is violently pulled away from you while you are attempting to grasp something, such as the jersey of an opposing player in sports. While an open cut may cause a tendon laceration, a sudden and forceful pull against the tendon may cause a tendon rupture.

The flexor tendons allow you to bend your fingers.

Tendons are strong cords that connect muscles to bone. When muscles contract, their tendon(s) pull through the attachments to bone and cause a joint to move.  

The muscles that move the fingers and thumb are located in the forearm and hand. Long tendons run from the end of the muscles through small tunnels in the wrist and hand to attach to the small bones (phalanges) of the fingers and thumb. These tunnels are called tendon sheaths. The tendon sheaths keep the tendons close to the bones and joints and also provide lubrication to the tendons to help them glide freely.

Tendon sheaths keep the tendons in place.

A cut or ruptured tendon in the forearm, at the wrist, in the palm, or along the finger will make it difficult or maybe impossible to bend one or more joints in a finger.

Like a rubber band, the flexor tendons are under tension as they connect the muscle to the bone. If a tendon is torn or cut, the ends of the tendon likely will be pulled apart, making it impossible for the tendon to heal on its own because of the gap between the two ends.

It is not uncommon for other structures to be injured at the time of a cut flexor tendon. Because the nerves and blood vessels to the fingers are very close to the tendons, a cut may damage them, as well. This can cause numbness on one or both sides of the finger. If blood vessels are also cut, the finger may have no blood supply, which can cause loss of the finger. This requires immediate surgery.

Occasionally, flexor tendons may be partially cut or torn. With a partial tendon injury, it may still be possible to bend your finger. However, partial tendon injuries may result in incomplete bending of the finger, excessive pain, or even catching or locking of the finger during movement. Partial injuries to the tendons can be difficult to diagnose.

In addition to cuts on the arm, wrist, hand, or fingers, certain sports activities can cause flexor tendon injuries. These injuries often occur in football, wrestling, and rugby. Jersey finger is one of the most common of these sports injuries. It can happen when one player grabs another’s jersey and a finger (usually the ring finger) gets caught and pulled with great force. This can cause the tendon to be pulled off the bone.

In activities that require a lot of a hand strength (e.g., rock climbing), tendons and/or their sheaths can also be stretched or torn. The crimp-grip position of the fingers necessary for rock climbing places a great deal of strain on the pulleys of the tendon sheath and can cause a rupture of the sheath. When this occurs, it can limit how much the finger can bend  or flex and can cause pain when moving the finger.

Certain health conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, for example) weaken the flexor tendons and make them more likely to tear or rupture. This can happen without warning or injury — a person may simply notice that their  finger no longer bends but not recall how it happened.

The most common signs of a flexor tendon injury include:

• An open injury, such as a cut, on the palm side of your hand, wrist, or forearm
• An inability to bend one or more joints of your finger
• Pain when you attempt to bend your finger
• Tenderness along your finger on the palm side of your hand
• Numbness in your fingertip

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It is important to see a doctor whenever the fingers are injured. This is especially true for an open injury or cut in the skin, and when you are concerned that you might have a tendon injury. Generally, it is recommended that flexor tendon injuries should be repaired within 7 to 10 days of the injury, although early evaluation is important.

First Aid

When you have a serious cut to your hand or fingers:

• Apply a compression wrap to your hand with a clean cloth or bandage to slow down the bleeding.
• Irrigate the wound with sterile saline to reduce the risk of infection.
• Apply ice or a cold pack to help reduce swelling after the injury.
• Elevate your hand by keeping it lifted above your heart.
• See a doctor as soon as possible. Depending on the severity of the injury, it might be appropriate to go to an urgent care center or emergency room to evaluate your hand for a tendon, nerve, blood vessel, or bone injury.
• You may need a tetanus shot or antibiotics to prevent infection.

Physical Examination

During the examination, your doctor will ask you to bend and straighten your fingers. To test your finger strength, your doctor may have you try to bend your injured finger while they hold the other fingers down flat. To determine whether any nerves or blood vessels have been injured, your doctor may test your hand for sensation and blood flow to the fingers.

These standard examination tests help your doctor determine if a tendon or nerve has been injured.

Additional Tests

Your doctor may also order an X-ray to see if there is any damage to the bones of the hand, wrist, or forearm.

Your hand may be placed in a splint for protection prior to surgery.

After examining your hand, your doctor may clean your open wound(s) and close the wound(s) to reduce the risk of infection. They may place your hand in a splint to protect the injured structures.

Tendons cannot heal unless the ends are touching. In most cases, a cut or torn tendon must be repaired by a surgeon. 

Surgery is usually performed within 7 to 10 days after an injury. In general, the sooner surgery is performed, the better recovery will be.

If your injury is restricting blood flow to your hand or finger, your doctor will schedule an immediate surgery. If you are concerned that your finger may need immediate attention, do not eat or drink anything, as this may delay surgery. Go immediately to an emergency room.

Surgical Procedure

Because tendons tear in different ways — such as straight across, at an angle, or pulled right off of the bone — there are many different methods for your surgeon to repair them. Most, if not all of the methods for repair, however, involve special sutures, or stitches.

Your fingers and wrist may be place din a bent position to keep tension off the repair.

Often, depending on your injury, your surgeon will refer you to a hand therapist for several days after your surgery to begin surgical exercises that protect the tendon repair but encourage the tendons to move or glide within the tendon sheath.

It is important that you follow the instructions of your surgeon and your therapist to avoid damaging the tendon repair. The outcome of the repair will depend greatly on your ability to follow the instructions of your surgeon and therapist. 

After surgery, a splint is applied to limit movement and help the tendon heal.

Recovery from Surgery

A flexor tendon takes approximately 3 to 4 months to heal before your hand is strong enough to use without restrictions. usually you will be required to wear a protective splint for approximately 6 o 8 weeks after surgery, removing it only to do exercise prescribed by your doctor and therapist. The exercises will help you to gradually regain motion and function. 

Stiffness after surgery is common, but it usually responds to therapy. Sometimes after flexor tendon surgery, scar tissue may cause the tendon to stick to the tendon sheath. If this does not approve adequately with therapy, you may require an additional surgery called a tenolysis. The tenolysis is performed after the tendon ends have healed well enough, at about 4 to 6 months from the repair. Tenolysis helps to free up the tendons so they can glide freely in the tendon sheath and improve the movement of your injured finger or thumb. 

Splint wear and proper exercise, exactly as prescribed by your therapist, are as important to recovery as the surgery itself.

Treatment for Partial Tears

Recent evidence suggests that partially torn tendons may not require surgery for good results. The same splinting and exercise programs that are used for surgery patients can be very effective for patients with partial tears, but with no surgery necessary.

This nonsurgical treatment option is appropriate only after the doctor has explored the wound to accurately assess the extent of the injury.

Over the last several decades, advanced research and experience in the treatment of flexor tendon injuries have resulted in improved patient outcomes. Flexor tendon injuries, however, can be very challenging to treat. Even in the best of hands, some patients develop stiffness and poor function of a digit after flexor tendon injury and repair. For this reason, it is very important to be seen promptly if you are concerned you may have a flexor tendon injury. It is also essential to work with therapy and follow all instructions after you undergo a flexor tendon repair to optimize your outcome.

Overall, despite its challenges, flexor tendon surgery results in good return of function and high patient satisfaction for many patients.

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Operations on tendons, with torn ligaments in Krasnoyarsk

Articular capsule tears, causes, symptoms and treatment

Articular capsule tears, causes, symptoms and treatment | Injuries and damage

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Diseases

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Rupture of the joint capsule

Rupture of the joint capsule is a common injury, accompanied by pain and limited mobility of the arm. Doctors attribute not only human negligence and anatomical features to the causes of frequent injury, but also unbalanced nutrition, a sedentary lifestyle and an unfavorable environment.

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Symptoms of joint capsule rupture

Damage to the joint capsule is characterized by the following symptoms:

• severe pain;
• edema;
• hematoma;
• a sharp decrease in joint mobility;
• increased discomfort on palpation.

For minor injuries, symptoms appear after a few days.

Article checked

Kuchenkov A.V.

Orthopedist • Traumatologist • Surgeon • Phlebologist • Sports doctor • experience 25 years

Publication date: March 24, 2021

Review date: February 12, 2023

Article contents

Causes

Types of joint capsule rupture

Diagnosis

To identify an injury, a traumatologist performs a visual examination and determines the type of injury using palpation. To check for a fracture of the bones and to study the depth of tissue injury, an X-ray examination will be required. Ultrasound will help determine the condition and functionality of the ligaments. In rare cases, an MRI is necessary.

Different methods are used to diagnose joint capsule rupture in the network of CMRT clinics:

Which doctor to contact

Complications

Prevention of joint capsule rupture

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Article checked

Moskaleva V.V.

Editor • Journalist • Experience 10 years

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