Pubic lice (crabs) – Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis

You or your doctor can usually confirm a pubic lice infestation through a visual examination of your pubic area. The presence of moving lice confirms infestation.

Lice eggs (nits) also may indicate an infestation. However, nits can cling to hairs and be present, although no longer alive, even after successful treatment.

Treatment

If over-the-counter lotions or shampoos that have 1% permethrin (Nix) or pyrethrin don’t kill your pubic lice, your doctor may prescribe stronger treatments, such as:

• Malathion. You apply this prescription lotion to the affected area and wash it off after eight to 12 hours.
• Ivermectin (Stromectol). This medication is taken as a single dose of two pills, with an option to take another dose in 10 days if the treatment isn’t initially successful.

• Eyelash and eyebrow treatments. If pubic lice are found in eyelashes and eyebrows, you can treat them by carefully applying petroleum jelly with a cotton swab at night and washing it off in the morning. This treatment may need to be repeated for several weeks and can irritate the eyes if used incorrectly.

  If only a few live lice and nits are found, you may be able to remove them using a nit comb or your fingernails. If additional treatment is needed, your doctor may prescribe a topical ointment.

All hairy areas of the body should be thoroughly checked and treated because lice can move away from treated areas to other hairy parts of the body. Shaving won’t get rid of pubic lice.

Lifestyle and home remedies

You can get rid of pubic lice with a patient, thorough approach that involves cleaning yourself and any personal belongings that may be contaminated.

These steps may help you eliminate lice infestations:

• Use lotions and shampoos. Choose from among several over-the-counter lotions and shampoos (Nix, others) designed to kill lice. Apply the product according to instructions. You may need to repeat treatment in seven to 10 days.
• Wash contaminated items. Wash bedding, clothing and towels used in the two days prior to treatment. Use hot, soapy water — at least 130 F (54 C) — and dry the items at high heat for at least 20 minutes.
• Dry-clean or seal unwashable items. If you can’t wash an item, have it dry-cleaned or place it in an airtight bag for two weeks.

Preparing for your appointment

If you can’t get rid of pubic lice on your own, you may need to talk to your family doctor.

What you can do

Before the appointment, you may want to write a list that answers the following questions:

• How long have you had pubic lice?
• What symptoms are you experiencing?
• How did you become infested?
• Have you been sexually active or shared sheets or towels since noticing the pubic lice?
• What treatments have you tried?
• Do you have any chronic health problems?
• What types of medications or supplements do you take?

What to expect from your doctor

During the physical exam, your doctor will check your genital area for signs of live lice or viable lice eggs (nits).

Dec. 09, 2020

Show references

1. AskMayoExpert. Lice. Mayo Clinic; 2020.
2. Goldstein AO, et al. Pediculosis pubis and pediculosis ciliaris. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed Nov. 25, 2020.
3. Kang S, et al., eds. Scabies, other mites, and pediculosis. In: Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th ed. McGraw Hill; 2019. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Nov. 25, 2020.
4. Hoffman BL, et al. Gynecologic infection. In: Williams Gynecology. 4th ed. McGraw Hill; 2020. https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com. Accessed Nov. 25, 2020.
5. Parasites: Pubic “crab” lice. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/lice/pubic/. Accessed Nov. 25, 2020.

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Want to get rid of pubic lice? Try these home remedies

Pubic lice can be worrisome.

You may also catch it by using the blankets, towels, or clothing of people who have this problem. But, these fool-proof hacks will help you to deal with it.

Written by Aishwarya Vaidya | Published : October 10, 2018 1:40 PM IST

Pubic lice, known as crabs, are tiny insects infesting around your genitals. Known as Phthirus pubis scientifically, they feed on human blood causing severe itching in the infected area. These they are found in public hair and spread through sexual contact. If you are infected with it you will feel low, fatigue and suffer from fever too. so, try these natural solutions and you can thank us later!

• You can opt for tea tree oil: It has antifungal and antiseptic properties. Tea tree oil is used in face washes to fight back, chest and face acne and in ointments for nail fungus and can also help in killing off pubic lice. According to studies, it can fight skin infections and can soothe your skin. You can dilute it in water and apply it on the affected area.
• You can opt for peppermint oil: According to a study, peppermint oil is abundant in phenols, ketones, oxides and phenolic ethers and can help you to eliminate pubic lice. Furthermore, using it can soothe your skin and help you to get rid of dryness. Just add it to your bubble bath and it will also help you to get rid of itching.
• You can opt for vinegar: It possesses properties that render it toxic and an effective pubic lice treatment. So, just mix water with it in equal amount and take a cotton ball, dip it into the solution and apply it on the affected area. This is one of the best remedies which will help you to improve your condition.
• You can opt for lemon juice: It is anti-inflammatory in nature and can treat pubic lice. Lemon juice can be mixed with a few tablespoons of sugar, salt and honey. The thick paste can be applied to the affected area and you will surely benefit from it.

Here are few dos and don ts which you should follow:

Dos

You should always wash your bed sheets, undergarments, and clothes in warm water and also use disinfectant to clean them thoroughly.

You should wash the area by using warm water.

You should trim your pubic hair before opting for home remedies for pubic lice.

Don ts

You should refrain from sexual contact until you get rid of it.

You should avoid itching as it may lead to wounds.

You should keep your nail short in order to prevent the spread of infections to your other body parts.

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Pubic lice – NHS

Pubic lice (sometimes called crabs) are tiny insects that live on coarse human body hair, such as pubic hair.

As well as being found in pubic hair, the lice are also sometimes found in:

• underarm and leg hair
• hair on the chest, abdomen and back
• facial hair, such as beards and moustaches
• eyelashes and eyebrows (very occasionally)

Unlike head lice, pubic lice don’t live in scalp hair.

Pubic lice are spread through close bodily contact, most commonly sexual contact.

Symptoms of pubic lice

After getting pubic lice, it can take several weeks before any symptoms appear.

Symptoms are the same for men and women, and include:

• itching in the affected areas, especially at night
• inflammation and irritation caused by scratching
• black powder in your underwear
• blue spots or small spots of blood on your skin, such as on your thighs or lower abdomen (caused by lice bites)

Itching is the most common symptom of pubic lice and is an allergic reaction to their saliva.

The itching is usually worse at night because that’s when the lice are most active.

What do pubic lice look like?

Adult pubic lice are very small (2mm long) and aren’t easy to see. They’re a yellow-grey or dusky red colour and have 6 legs.

Pubic lice are sometimes known as crabs because they have 2 large front legs that look like the claws of a crab. These are used to hold onto the base of hairs.

The lice lay their eggs (nits) in sacs that are stuck firmly to hairs and are a pale brownish colour. When the eggs hatch, the empty egg sacs are white.

Although pubic lice and lice eggs are small and difficult to see, they may be visible in coarse hair anywhere on your body (apart from hair on your head).

When to seek medical advice

See your GP or practice nurse if you think you have pubic lice. Or you could go to a sexual health clinic, also known as a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic. These are often located in hospitals or health centres.

If the lice aren’t in your eyelashes, a pharmacist can also give you advice about treatments.

But going to a sexual health clinic or a GP means you can also get tested for other STIs at the same time.

Pubic lice are usually easy to diagnose by examining the affected area.

The doctor or nurse may use a magnifying glass to look for signs of the lice, such as pale-coloured eggs or the lice themselves.

Important:
Using sexual health clinics during coronavirus (COVID-19)

Call a sexual health clinic if you need help or advice. Only go to a clinic if you’ve been told to.

Find sexual health clinic contact details

Getting tested for STIs

You should be tested for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) if you have pubic lice through sexual contact.

The lice don’t transmit HIV or other STIs, but a check-up is usually recommended as a precaution.  

Any sexual partners you have had over the last 3 months will also need to be seen and treated.

If you prefer, staff at the clinic can contact a person on your behalf without releasing your details.

How do you get pubic lice?

Pubic lice aren’t related to poor personal hygiene. They’re usually spread through close bodily contact with an infected person.

The lice crawl from hair to hair, but can’t fly or jump. They need human blood to survive, so will only leave the body to move from one person to another.

The most common way pubic lice are spread is through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal and oral sex.

Using condoms and other methods of barrier contraception doesn’t protect you against pubic lice.

Other types of close bodily contact, such as hugging and kissing, can also spread the lice.

It’s also possible – though much rarer – for pubic lice to be spread through sharing clothes, towels and bedding.

Treating pubic lice

Pubic lice can be treated at home with insecticide cream, lotion or shampoo.

Your GP or pharmacist can advise you about which treatment to use and how to use it. It’s important to follow this advice.

Some treatments only need to be applied to the affected area, but sometimes the whole body must be treated, taking care to avoid the eyes.

The treatment usually needs to be repeated 7 days later to get rid of any lice that have hatched during that time.

If the treatment doesn’t work, you may need to use another type. This is because pubic lice can develop resistance to some treatments.

Your GP or pharmacist will be able to advise you about suitable alternatives.

To prevent reinfestation, anyone you have had close bodily contact with, including any sexual partners you have had in the past 3 months, should also be treated, even if they don’t have symptoms.

Certain groups, such as young people under 18 years of age and pregnant or breastfeeding women, may require a specific type of treatment. 

Ask your GP or pharmacist for further advice about this.

Applying a lotion, cream or shampoo

In most cases the instructions for using a lotion, cream or shampoo will be as follows:

• apply the product to the affected area, such as your eyebrows, beard or moustache – depending on the product, you might need to apply it to your whole body, including the scalp, neck, ears and face
• be careful not to get the product in your eyes – if you do, rinse your eyes thoroughly with water
• reapply the treatment if you wash any part of your body during the treatment time
• after the treatment time (stated on the packet) has passed, wash the lotion or cream off
• repeat the treatment as instructed, usually after 7 days

Don’t use the medication more than twice. If you think it hasn’t worked, see your GP or pharmacist for advice.

Side effects

Insecticides used to treat pubic lice may cause skin irritation, such as itchiness, redness, stinging or burning.

If you have skin irritation, wash the insecticide off the affected area.

Some aqueous and alcohol-based medications may discolour permed, coloured or bleached hair. Check the patient information leaflet.

Follow-up treatment

The first treatment application will probably kill the lice, but the eggs may not have been destroyed. This means more lice could hatch and the cycle will start again.

Reapplying the treatment after 7 days will ensure that any lice are killed before they’re old enough to lay more eggs.

Check for lice 1 week after your second treatment, or return to your GP, practice nurse or sexual health clinic so they can check for you.

Finding empty eggshells (dead nits) doesn’t necessarily mean you’re still infested as they can remain stuck to the hairs even after treatment.

Treating an eyelash infestation

Eyelash infestations are rare. If your eyelashes are infested, seek specialist advice from your doctor. They’ll be able to recommend the correct treatment for you. 

You can’t use the same insecticide lotion or cream that’s used on your body because it’ll irritate your eyes.  

Make sure you follow the treatment instructions carefully.

Washing clothing, towels and bedding

Wash clothing, towels and bedding in a washing machine. This should be on a hot cycle (50C or higher) to ensure the lice are killed and to prevent reinfection.

Complications of pubic lice

Sometimes a pubic lice infestation can lead to minor complications, such as skin or eye problems.

Scratching can irritate your skin, or it could lead to an infection such as impetigo (a bacterial skin infection) or furunculosis (boils on the skin).

Eye infections, such as conjunctivitis, and eye inflammation, such as blepharitis, can sometimes develop if your eyelashes have been infested with pubic lice.

You may also have a mild fever or feel tired and run down.

Seek medical advice if you have severe skin irritation or sore eyes.

Sexual health advice

You can call the Department of Health’s sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for confidential advice and support 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

If you’re under 25, you can also contact an adviser at Brook using their text and webchat service.

They provide free and confidential information and advice about STIs, contraception, pregnancy, plus other sexual health matters.

Page last reviewed: 20 November 2018
Next review due: 20 November 2021

Lice and Scabies Treatments, Shampoos, and More

What Is the Treatment for Lice?

Head Lice

Getting rid of head lice involves the use of over-the-counter treatments or prescription medications, typically in conjunction with combing the hair with a special comb. In some geographical locations, lice are resistant to certain treatments. Ask your doctor if your area has resistant lice so that you can be sure to get the most effective treatment.

Some prescription and over-the-counter treatments kill both the live lice and their eggs, also called nits. Other products require two applications, approximately 7 to 9 days apart. Check the label to see if the product kills both lice and eggs, and how to use it correctly.

Over-the-counter products with pesticides include:

• Pyrethrins are a common treatment that is available over the counter. Some studies suggest pyrethrins can affect cognitive development in children. More research is needed. Brand names include A-200, Pronto, Rid, Triple X, and Xeglyze. For best results, follow the directions exactly.
• Permethrin lotion 1% (also known as Nix) is another over-the-counter product that only kills lice, but not eggs, and will require repeat treatment in nine to 10 days.

Pesticide-free, over-the-counter treatments can contain dimethicone. This is a nonpesticide, silicone-based material that works by coating lice and disrupting their ability to manage water. Some studies have shown it to be more effective than products that contain pesticides.

Prescription treatments include:

• Malathion lotion 0.5% (also known as Ovide) is a prescription medication that is approved for head lice and can kill some eggs. Directions and precautions for use must be strictly followed.
• Lindane shampoo 1% is not approved for lice treatment anymore, since in young children, it can attack and damage the brain and other parts of the nervous system.
• Spinosad (Natroba) is topical and applied to the scalp. It is not approved for use on children under age 4.
• Another treatment is a topical lotion called Sklice. A comb is not required with Sklice and one treatment may be all that’s needed. The active ingredient is ivermectin, a powerful parasite killer. Sklice can be used in children as young as 6 months.

Combing: Using a fine-tooth nit comb in the hair is the second part of treating lice after using a topical over-the-counter or prescription product. Hair should be combed for 14 days to help ensure removal of lice and any eggs.

For those who prefer not to use topical products, a “combing only” technique may be effective. Wash the hair with ordinary shampoo and conditioner, and leave wet. With a fine-toothed comb, stroke slowly outward from the roots through one lock of hair at a time. Lice will land on the back of the comb, get caught between the teeth, or fall off. Space at least 30 strokes over the head. Repeat every three days. Because newborn lice do not lay eggs for the first week, all the lice should disappear after about two weeks of combing.

Pubic Lice

Pubic lice (sometimes called crabs) can be treated with over-the counter medications containing pyrethrins or permethrin lotion 1%. Your sexual partners will also have to be treated. Crabs are also sometimes found on eyelashes or eyebrows. A nit comb or fingernails may be used if there are only a few live nits on them. Otherwise a special prescription eye ointment may be prescribed.

Body Lice

To treat body lice, wash the entire body with soap and water. If this is not effective, you may have to use pediculocidepreparation — either over-the-counter or prescription. As with a head lice infestation, you’ll have to wash all clothing, towels, and bedding in hot water and dry in a hot dryer.

What Is the Treatment for Scabies?

Scabicides that kill mites — and some also kill eggs — are available by prescription only. Permethrin cream 5% (also known as Elimite) is a common treatment that kills mites and eggs. It is approved for use in adults and children at least two months old.

Crotamiton lotion or cream 10% (also known as Eurax or Crotan) is approved for scabies treatment in adults only. However, it is not very effective.

Lindane lotion is approved for use as scabies treatment, but should not be used as first-line therapy. If used improperly, it can attack and damage the brain and other parts of the nervous system.

A prescription oral drug, ivermectin, is also very effective in eradicating scabies. Two doses taken one week apart are needed.

Pubic Lice – STI | Advocare Aroesty Ear, Nose & Throat Associates

Is this your symptom?

• Pubic lice, a sexually transmitted infection (STI)

Some Basics.

..

• Pubic lice are tiny wingless insects that live only on human beings. They are also called “crabs.”
• Pubic lice are very easy to spread to others. They are mainly spread through skin-to-skin contact during sex. If you have pubic lice, there is a 95% chance of spreading them during sex. It is possible that they can be spread through things like infected bed linens or toilet seats. But this is very rare.
• Pubic lice are annoying but cause no serious health problems.
• Up to 30% of people with pubic lice also have another sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Symptoms

• Itching of the pubic area is the main symptom.
• Pubic hair has gray bugs (lice) 1/16-inch (2 mm) long. They move quickly and are hard to see. Sometimes pubic lice spread to other hairy body areas such as armpits, chest, thighs, eyelashes and eyebrows.
• Nits (white or tan eggs) stuck to hair shafts near the skin. Unlike dandruff or sand, nits can’t be shaken off the hair shafts.

When to Call for Pubic Lice – STI

Care Advice

Pubic Lice

1. What You Should Know:
   • Pubic lice are tiny wingless insects that live only on human beings. They are also called “crabs.”
   • Pubic lice are annoying but cause no serious health problems.
   • Pubic lice are spread easily. They are spread by skin-to-skin contact during sex. They cannot jump.
   • You can treat pubic lice at home.
   • Here is some care advice that should help.
2. Treatment – Shampoo Area with Nix: Buy Nix (permethrin) anti-lice creme rinse. Follow these instructions:
   • Pour about 2 ounces (60 mL) of the cream onto washed and towel-dried pubic hair. Add a little warm water to work up a lather. Be sure to work the cream into all the hair down to the roots. Also treat any hairy areas that are infected, such as the thighs, chest or armpits. Caution: do not use Nix on the eyebrows or eyelashes.
   • Leave the Nix on for a full 20 minutes (10 minutes is not long enough to kill all the lice).
   • Rinse the hair and dry it with a towel.
   • Use Nix again in 9 days to kill any nits that were missed.
   • Read and follow all package instructions and warnings carefully.
3. Treatment – Using Other Lice Shampoos:
   • There are other over-the-counter lice shampoos made using pyrethrin. Examples include A-200 Clear, R&C, Pronto, and RID. Caution: do not use Nix on the eyebrows or eyelashes.
   • If this type of shampoo is used, it must be put on dry hair.
   • You should repeat the treatment in 7 days to kill and nits that were missed.
   • Read and follow all package instructions and warnings carefully.
4. Special Treatment for Pubic Lice on Eyelashes and Eyebrows
   • If only a few lice or nits (eggs) are found, remove them. Pick them off or use a tweezers.
   • Sometimes lice and nits on the eyelashes can irritate the eyes.
   • Your doctor may recommend a petroleum ointment made just for eyes. You apply a small amount along the edge of the eyelid 2 to 4 times per day for 10 days. This loosens the nits and makes them easier to pull off.
   • Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
   • Caution: do not use Nix (permethrin) or other anti-lice shampoo near your eyes.

5. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The CDC says that women who are pregnant or breastfeeding can be treated with permethrin products (Nix).

6. Sexual Contacts:
   • Sexual partners that you have had during the last month also need treatment. They still need to be treated even if they don’t see any lice.
   • Do not have sex until 2 weeks after treatment. All lice and nits should be gone before you have sex again.
7. What to Expect:
   • With 2 treatments, all lice and nits should be killed.
   • If they come back, this can mean a few things. It most often means you have had another contact with an infected person. It can also mean the treatment was not left on long enough or repeated.
   • Even after treatment, itching may last for 1 to 2 weeks.
   • There are no lasting problems from having lice. They do not carry other diseases.
8. Pregnancy Test, When in Doubt:
   • If there is a chance that you might be pregnant, use a urine pregnancy test.
   • You can buy a pregnancy test at the drugstore.
   • It works best first thing in the morning.
   • Follow all package instructions.
9. Call Your Doctor If:
   • Pregnancy test is positive or you have trouble with the at-home test
   • Moving lice in pubic hair and it has been more than 6 hours since treatment
   • Pubic lice or nits come back within 1 month
   • You think you need to be seen
   • You get worse

How to Remove Dead Lice and Nits

1. What You Should Know:
   • Only live lice can transmit lice to another person. Nits (lice eggs) do not transmit lice.
   • Most nits (lice eggs) are dead after the first treatment with Nix. The others will be killed with the 2nd treatment in 9 days.
   • Removing the dead nits is not essential. However, it may help with the anti-lice treatment and most people just find the notion of having nits in their hair unpleasant.
2. Instructions:
   • Remove the dead nits and lice by combing with a special nit comb or pull them out one by one.
   • Repeat this every 2 to 3 days for 3 weeks, until you are sure all of the lice and nits are gone.
   • Wetting the hair with water makes removal easier.
   • Do not use any products that claim they loosen the nits. Here is the reason: they can interfere with the ability of Nix to stay on the hair and keep working.

And remember, contact your doctor if you develop any of the ‘Call Your Doctor’ symptoms.

Disclaimer: this health information is for educational purposes only. You, the reader, assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it.

Treatment of crabs (pubic lice)

Crabs or pubic lice affect a person who comes in direct bodily contact with someone who is infected with the tiny parasites.

The parasites are tiny insects that live off human blood and infest the pubic hair or other coarse and thick body hair like those of the armpits, legs, chest, abdomen, back etc.

The treatment is based on the use of de-lousing medications in the form of lotions, creams and shampoos. However, pubic lice infestation commonly tends to recur if the therapy is inadequate or if the infected sexual partner is not treated.

Treatment for pubic lice includes medicated creams, lotions and shampoos, washing all clothing, bed linen and so forth. 1-7

Medicated creams, lotions and shampoos

These are available over the counter at the pharmacist’s or prescribed by the doctor. The directions on the pack must be followed closely for best results.

The medication is applied to the affected area and sometimes the whole body barring the eyes and the scalp.

Pubic lice usually do not affect scalp hair. This is because the lice prefer coarse and thick hair while those on the head are softer, thinner and finer.

The preparation needs to be applied with a cotton swab or wool even on the hair of the legs, thighs, abdomen, back, around the anus, beard and moustache (if infected), armpits etc. An adult approximately needs around 100ml of lotion or 30–60g of cream for one application.

The most commonly used medicated preparations include malathion 0.5% aqueous lotion and permethrin 5% dermal cream. Lotions tend to be more effective than shampoos.

Aqueous (water-based) products are preferred over alcohol-based treatments. The latter may cause even more skin irritation. Most of these are rinsed off after 10–15 minutes and some may need to be left on for longer.

Malathion lotion is left on for 12 hours or overnight and permethrin cream is left on for 24 hours. If any part is washed, the cream needs to be reapplied. The preparation is washed off after the correct duration has passed.

The treatment is usually repeated after 3–7 days. The medication is not to be used more than twice. If the infection persists, the preparation may be changed to another.

After a course of therapy the infection is usually cured. Itching may continue for a few days even after the infection goes away. In addition, inspection may reveal empty egg shells of the lice that have been killed. This may persist for a while after cure. A special comb may be used to remove the nits.

Shaving the affected area – not required

Shaving off the affected hair in the pubic region or other areas of the body is usually not required.

Washing of clothing, bed linen etc.

All clothing, bed linen, towels etc. need to be machine washed in a very hot cycle (50°C or higher) to kill the lice and avoid recurrence of the infection.

Items of use and linen that cannot be washed needs to be put in sealed packages and left for at least 2 weeks. This kills all the newly hatched nymphs as well as the adult lice if present within the linen.

Check-up for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

A check up for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is usually suggested in persons with pubic lice infestation. After a week of therapy the patient needs a check up to ensure that pubic lice have gone.

Treatment for sexual partners

The sexual partner of the affected person needs to be evaluated for pubic lice and other STIs and treated adequately. This prevents a chance of recurrence of the infection in the affected person.

It is advised that the affected person does not have any sexual intercourse, including vaginal, anal or oral sex, or close body contact with any one of their sexual partners until they or both the partners have undergone full therapy and are declared cured of the infection. This helps in prevention of recurrence and reduces chances of transmission to other individuals.

Caution in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding

Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding need caution with the medication commonly used to treat pubic lice and may need to consult their physician before they undertake therapy.

For pregnant and breastfeeding mothers Permethrin cream is safe to use. However, the cream needs to be washed off completely before each feed if the woman is breastfeeding and reapplied if necessary. (1, 2, 7)

Children under the age of 18 with pubic lice infestation also need to consult their doctors before applying any of the over-the-counter medications, lotions, creams or shampoos.

Treatment for secondary bacterial infections

Those with secondary bacterial infections caused due to skin abrasions caused by scratching in addition need antibiotic creams for treatment. Oral antibiotics may be prescribed if the infection is severe.

Treatment for those who have infection of the eyelashes or eyebrows

Those with infection of the eyelashes or eyebrows need to be evaluated and treated by specialists. They may develop complications like conjunctivitis, blepharitis etc.

Common myths about crabs

Common myths should be busted and patient should be counselled regarding causes of this condition and its chances of transmission. Some of these include:

• It should be explained that pubic lice infection does not go away on its own and needs therapy. It may be passed on to others if not treated adequately.

• In addition pubic lice infestation does not carry the risk of transmitting STIs or HIV from one person to another.

• Condoms and other barrier contraceptives do not prevent pubic lice from spreading.

• Getting pubic lice does not affect fertility of an individual.

• Pubic lice infestation is not associated with getting cervical cancer (cancer of the opening of the womb called the cervix) in women.

Further Reading

Pediculosis (lice, head lice, body lice, pubic lice, cooties, crabs)

Last Reviewed: October 2011

What is pediculosis?

Pediculosis is an infestation of the hairy parts of the body or clothing with the eggs, larvae or adults of lice. The crawling stages of this insect feed on human blood, which can result in severe itching. Head lice are usually located on the scalp, crab lice in the pubic area and body lice along seams of clothing. Body lice travel to the skin to feed and return back to the clothing.

Who gets pediculosis?

Anyone may become louse infested under suitable conditions of exposure. Pediculosis is easily transmitted from person to person during direct contact. Head lice infestations are frequently found in school settings or institutions. Crab lice infestations can be found among sexually active individuals. Body lice infestation can be found in people living in crowded, unsanitary conditions where clothing is infrequently changed or laundered.

How is pediculosis spread?

For both head lice and body lice, transmission can occur during direct contact with an infested individual. Sharing of clothing and combs or brushes may also result in transmission of these insects. While other means are possible, crab lice are most often transmitted through sexual contact.

What are the symptoms of pediculosis?

Usually, the first indication of an infestation is the itching or scratching in the area of the body where the lice feed. Scratching at the back of the head or around the ears should lead to an examination for head louse eggs (nits) on the hair. Itching around the genital area should lead to an examination for crab lice or their eggs. Scratching can be sufficiently intense to result in secondary bacterial infection in these areas.

How soon do symptoms appear?

It may take as long as two to three weeks or longer for a person to notice the intense itching associated with this infestation.

For how long is a person able to spread pediculosis?

Pediculosis can be spread as long as lice or eggs remain alive on the infested person or clothing.

What is the treatment for pediculosis?

Medicated shampoos or cream rinses containing pyrethrins or permethrin are preferred for treating people with head lice. Products containing pyrethrins, permethrin or malathion are available over-the-counter, but those containing lindane or malathion are available only through a physician’s prescription. Lindane-based shampoos are not recommended for infants, young children, pregnant women, lactating women, the elderly, persons with HIV or seizure disorders, persons who have very irritated skin or sores where the lidane will be applied and persons who weigh less than 110 pounds. Retreatment after 7 to 10 days is often recommended to ensure that no eggs have survived. Nit combs are available to help remove nits from hair. Dose and duration of shampoo treatment should be followed carefully according to label instructions.

What can be done to prevent the spread of pediculosis?

Physical contact with infested individuals and their belongings, especially clothing, headgear and bedding, should be avoided. Health education on the life history of lice, proper treatment and the importance of laundering clothing and bedding in hot water or dry cleaning to destroy lice and eggs is extremely valuable. In addition, regular direct inspection of children for head lice, and when indicated, of body and clothing, particularly of children in schools, institutions, nursing homes and summer camps, is important.

Does 90,000 Crabs hurt too? – BBC News Russian Service

January 17, 2013

Photo caption,

No one is protecting crustaceans from inhuman treatment today

British scientists have found new evidence that crabs and other crustaceans feel pain.

In the course of the study, it turned out that the green crab, which is also called herbal – the closest relative of those crabs that we enjoy eating with pleasure – not only reacts to an electric shock, but also tries to avoid it later.

Shrimp and hermit crabs, as shown by earlier experiments, also respond to pain in various situations.

The research results are published in the “Journal of Experimental Biology”.

“I don’t know what exactly happens in the minds of crabs. But I can say that their behavior in general goes beyond a simple reflexive reaction and meets all the criteria for pain,” Professor Bob Elwood of Belfast told the BBC. Queen’s University.

Pain is a subjective sensation, therefore the study of pain in animals, in particular, in invertebrates such as crabs, is associated with various difficulties.

Professor Elwood, however, was able to develop an experiment to help understand how crustaceans react in various potentially painful situations.

Shelter with a surprise

The study was conducted on European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) – creatures that usually hide in the dark crevices of the rocks during the day in order not to fall prey to seagulls.

Separately, 90 green crabs were placed in a brightly lit area, each of them had the opportunity to escape into two dark shelters.

When the crustaceans tried to escape, half of them in one of the shelters were waiting for an electric shock.

Photo caption,

Hermit crabs, as shown by earlier experiments, also react to pain.

Then the electrocuted crabs were placed back on the lighted area. Most of them fled back again, and again received a discharge of electricity.

After that, the behavior of the crabs changed. The crustaceans who experienced the electric shock no longer tried to climb into the same shelter, but chose another.

This went on eight times, for the purity of the experiment. And although no one tried to hurt them, the crabs still chose the shelter with which they were not associated with painful memories.

Scientists have concluded that the crustacean response they observe is not just a primitive reflex.

In their opinion, we can say that the crabs learned to avoid pain during the experiment.

Earlier experiments by the same group of researchers showed that the perception of pain, similar to human, is characteristic of shrimp and hermit crabs.

Official doubts

Now scientists say they are ready to believe that all decapods – a group that includes lobsters and crayfish – can exhibit a similar response to pain.

According to Professor Elwood, there is currently no legislation protecting crustaceans from inhuman treatment.

Photo caption,

Often, fishermen break off the claws of caught live crabs.

Many fishermen, the researcher notes, break off the claws of caught live crabs, and then throw them back into the sea.

This is a ubiquitous practice, while billions of crustaceans are harvested every year around the world.

A spokesman for the European Food Safety Authority said in a commentary that his agency concluded that fish may be in pain, but “decapods are not classified as sensitive in the European Union. ”

According to the official, the conclusions of scientists that crustaceans can experience pain are “very contradictory”, and the data obtained during the experiment “can be interpreted in different ways.”

At the same time, according to him, the European Food Safety Authority had previously recommended to revise the protection standards for crustaceans.

How will the legislative changes in the field of fishing affect the fishery – Rossiyskaya Gazeta

The time for changes has come in the Russian fishing industry. Recently, a law on crab auctions was signed, providing for the introduction of a quota for the extraction of a currency-intensive resource for investment purposes. Now the government has prepared a draft resolution on where and on what conditions the winners of the auction will begin to build ships.

What are the fishermen preparing for, “RG” asked the president of the Association of Fishery Enterprises of the Primorsky Territory Georgy Martynov.

Georgy Gennadievich, it’s no secret that most of the fishing community opposed the introduction of auctions …

Georgy Martynov: Yes, but the government had its own motivation: this way new players could enter the industry. In addition, the fishermen were reproached with the fact that they send products abroad, and it should also go to the domestic market.And we agree with that. High-margin crab brings profit to enterprises, makes it possible to develop, solve social problems. By the way, there are good examples in the Far East, when enterprises involved in crab fishing, among other things, cooperate with science, build onshore facilities, invest in the construction of a fleet, and the development of social infrastructure.

However, things are not so simple. There are different crabs: Kamchatka or, as it is called abroad, royal, opilio, strigun, blue, isthorn, hairy … There are also deep-sea crabs – angulatus and strigun red japonicus, which live at depths of up to one and a half thousand meters. Fishing for this resource is more costly, you need to invest in the modernization of ships, so few are engaged in the extraction of such a crab. At the same time, it is cheaper than the same Kamchatka and could well be in demand on the domestic market. But for sale on the territory of the Russian Federation is prohibited.

Why?

Georgy Martynov: Due to exceeding the permissible arsenic concentrations. In our country, we have the strictest standards in the world, and in this case they are also outdated.Arsenic can be organic – harmless to humans, and inorganic. And all over the world, these two indicators are separated, and in our country they are summed up, resulting in an excess of the MPC. But this crab is gladly taken by Japan and the Republic of Korea.

Even science says: “We understand that it is safe, but it takes years to change the norms.” According to them, about nine years old. Given that our enterprises have been talking about this problem for the same amount of time. We need to do everything faster!

The task of the state is to create conditions for St. Petersburg, possibly foreign shipyards to come to the Far East

At the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, the Federal Agency for Fishery announced that in 2020 it will put up for auctions an additional 40 thousand tons of reserves explored at great depths crab.Crab banned for sale in Russia! We believe that until the situation with its implementation in the domestic market is resolved, this cannot be done. This is part of the state’s task of ensuring the country’s food security.

Our companies, together with scientists, have joined the program “Deep-water belt of the Far Eastern seas”, the task of which is to investigate the stocks of deep-sea fish species. Found clusters of black grenadier, but will it be supplied to the domestic market? Or will MPC interfere again?

In Russia, the implementation of the national project “International Cooperation and Export” has begun, which provides for an increase in the export of fish and seafood from the regions of the Far Eastern Federal District by 2024 by 1. 6 times – from 3.8 to 5.9 billion dollars.Do fishermen understand how to achieve these goals?

Georgy Martynov: We need comfortable conditions. The same crab is a good currency-intensive resource that will take its rightful place in the export indicators. The most expensive one is alive. Nearby is the Chinese market, which we are developing. We take live products there and, as required by law, through our southern ports. In Zarubino “live fish” cars filled with water approach, take the crab, and take it to the Kraskino border crossing. And this is where the problems begin.

Imagine – live products, heat, the crossing works from 9 am to 5 pm, on Sunday it is closed, on other days buses with tourists go through it, cars with crab wait in line for hours! I am not talking about a state of transition that requires reconstruction. We understand that this will take time and money, but organizing a round-the-clock regime and establishing a “green corridor” for live or perishable products, for example, after 20-21 hours, is not so difficult now.

We are talking not only about the crab, but also about the products of mariculture, the increase in production of which is also required from us.Recently, one of our companies lost five tons of scallop at the border.

You can bring products to Dalian port. But we will lose at least four ship days, and our ports – part of the cargo turnover. In addition, the Chinese will receive both port dues and payment for cargo operations, this money will work for the development of their economy. And the port in the Khasan region, where people already lack jobs, will be left with nothing.

The draft government decree on the construction of ships for investment purposes identified the Far Eastern Federal District as a region that will receive thousands of jobs and a shipbuilding cluster from the implementation of the “crab” project.How realistic is this?

Georgy Martynov: We talked a lot about the development of ship repair and shipbuilding in the Far East, and if we return everything to other regions of the Russian Federation, it would be wrong. We need to develop the base here on the spot.

Unfortunately, our ships are being repaired abroad for objective reasons. First, there is virtually no ship repair base in the Russian Federation. Secondly, there is a liberal customs legislation. For ships built abroad, Russia does not produce either main or auxiliary engines, therefore all spare parts are foreign-made.With us, they can go through customs clearance for 40 days, and somewhere in Busan – a week.

In our country, ships are mostly built in St. Petersburg. How do we go through, say, maintenance, when only the passage in both directions will cost 500 thousand dollars? We cannot afford it, but we can attract these factories here.

Thus, the Livadia shipyard in Primorye negotiates with one of the most progressive shipyards in Russia, the St. Petersburg Pella.There are other projects in which Nakhodka, Slavyansky shipyards and enterprises from other regions of the Far Eastern Federal District are ready to participate.

And this is the task of the state – to create comfortable conditions for St. Petersburg, possibly foreign shipyards to come here. For two years now we have been convincing the Ministry of Industry and Trade that it is necessary to localize the production of main engines. However, in the Far East, things have not moved forward.

But we have five years to build ships. And we must be in time.

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