How does phlebitis affect your veins. What are the main types of phlebitis. Which natural remedies can help alleviate phlebitis symptoms. How long does it typically take to recover from phlebitis. What are the key risk factors for developing phlebitis.

Understanding Phlebitis: Types, Symptoms, and Causes

Phlebitis is a condition characterized by inflammation or swelling of a vein. While it can range from mild to severe, early treatment is crucial to prevent potential complications. There are several types of phlebitis, each with its own level of severity and potential risks:

• Superficial phlebitis: Affects veins near the skin’s surface and is generally less serious
• Deep phlebitis: Involves deeper, larger veins, typically in the legs or arms
• Superficial thrombophlebitis: Combines vein swelling with a blood clot near the skin’s surface
• Deep vein thrombophlebitis: The most serious form, involving a blood clot and swelling in a deep vein

Recognizing the symptoms of phlebitis is essential for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Common signs include:

• A long, thin red area or “streaking” along the skin
• Warm, hard, or tender skin
• Rope-like lumps under the skin
• Redness or irritation following a vein
• Itchy or swollen skin
• Throbbing or burning sensation
• Low-grade fever

The primary cause of phlebitis is injury or irritation to a blood vessel’s lining. This can result from various factors, including physical injury, infection, blood clots, or the use of intravenous devices.

Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Phlebitis

Understanding the risk factors associated with phlebitis can help individuals take proactive steps to prevent its occurrence. Some key risk factors include:

• Prolonged inactivity or bed rest
• Family or personal history of blood clots
• Pregnancy or recent childbirth
• Obesity
• Recent surgery or injury
• Presence of a long-term catheter
• Certain medical conditions, such as cancer or autoimmune disorders

To reduce the risk of developing phlebitis, consider implementing these preventive measures:

1. Stay active and avoid prolonged periods of immobility
2. Maintain a healthy weight through proper diet and exercise
3. Wear compression stockings during long trips or periods of inactivity
4. Stay hydrated to promote healthy blood flow
5. Avoid crossing your legs for extended periods
6. Take regular breaks to stretch and move during long journeys

Natural Remedies to Alleviate Phlebitis Symptoms

While medical treatment is essential for managing phlebitis, several natural remedies can complement conventional approaches and help alleviate symptoms:

1. Elevate the affected area

Elevating the affected limb above heart level can help reduce swelling and improve blood circulation. This simple technique can be particularly effective for superficial phlebitis in the legs.

2. Apply cold and warm compresses

Alternating between cold and warm compresses can help reduce inflammation and promote healing. Apply a cold compress for 10 minutes, followed by a warm compress for another 10 minutes, repeating this cycle several times a day.

3. Use herbal supplements

Certain herbs have anti-inflammatory and circulation-boosting properties that may help manage phlebitis symptoms:

• Ginger: Known for its anti-inflammatory effects
• Horse chestnut: May improve vein health and reduce swelling
• Butcher’s broom: Can help strengthen blood vessel walls

Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any herbal supplement regimen.

4. Practice gentle exercise

Low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, or cycling can help improve circulation and reduce the risk of blood clots. Start with short sessions and gradually increase duration as tolerated.

5. Maintain proper nutrition

A balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods can support vein health and reduce phlebitis symptoms. Include foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin C, and flavonoids in your diet.

Conventional Treatment Options for Phlebitis

While natural remedies can be beneficial, it’s crucial to understand the conventional treatment options available for phlebitis:

• Anticoagulant medications: To prevent blood clot formation or growth
• Anti-inflammatory drugs: To reduce pain and swelling
• Antibiotics: In cases where infection is present
• Compression stockings: To improve blood flow and reduce swelling
• Surgery: In severe cases or when complications arise

The choice of treatment depends on the type and severity of phlebitis, as well as individual patient factors.

Recovery and Prognosis: What to Expect

The recovery time for phlebitis can vary depending on its type and severity. In cases of superficial phlebitis, treatment typically takes one to two weeks. However, more serious forms of the condition may require longer recovery periods.

Factors influencing recovery time include:

• The type and location of phlebitis
• Presence of complications
• Individual health status
• Adherence to treatment plans

Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are essential to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed.

Complications and When to Seek Medical Attention

While many cases of phlebitis can be managed effectively, it’s crucial to be aware of potential complications and know when to seek immediate medical attention. Serious complications may include:

• Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
• Pulmonary embolism
• Chronic venous insufficiency
• Post-thrombotic syndrome

Seek immediate medical care if you experience:

• Sudden shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Coughing up blood
• Severe swelling or pain in the affected limb
• Fever above 100.4°F (38°C)

Living with Phlebitis: Lifestyle Adjustments and Long-term Management

Managing phlebitis often requires long-term lifestyle adjustments to prevent recurrence and promote overall vein health. Consider implementing these strategies:

1. Maintain a regular exercise routine focusing on low-impact activities
2. Avoid prolonged periods of sitting or standing
3. Elevate your legs when resting
4. Wear compression stockings as recommended by your healthcare provider
5. Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet
6. Manage underlying health conditions that may contribute to phlebitis
7. Avoid smoking and limit alcohol consumption

By adopting these lifestyle changes and working closely with healthcare professionals, individuals with phlebitis can effectively manage their condition and reduce the risk of complications.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Phlebitis Treatment

The field of phlebitis research continues to evolve, with new treatments and management strategies emerging. Some areas of ongoing research include:

• Novel anticoagulant medications with improved safety profiles
• Advanced imaging techniques for early detection and monitoring
• Gene therapy approaches to address underlying risk factors
• Innovative minimally invasive surgical techniques
• Personalized treatment plans based on genetic and lifestyle factors

As research progresses, patients with phlebitis can look forward to more targeted and effective treatment options in the future.

Understanding phlebitis, its causes, and available treatment options is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications. By combining conventional treatments with natural remedies and lifestyle adjustments, individuals can significantly improve their symptoms and overall quality of life. Remember to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice and treatment plans tailored to your specific situation.

Phlebitis (5 Natural Ways to Improve Symptoms)

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The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.

This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by our trained editorial staff. Note that the numbers in parentheses (1, 2, etc.) are clickable links to medically peer-reviewed studies.

Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased.

The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.

By Katherine Brind’Amour, PhD, MS

August 15, 2018

Phlebitis — a swollen or inflamed vein — is a fairly common condition that can range from mild to deadly, depending on its location and cause. Early treatment is important to help prevent complications. In most cases, phlebitis can be effectively treated with conventional medicine. In addition, many people can take steps to naturally lower their risk of phlebitis and improve their symptoms at home.

What Is Phlebitis?

The simple definition of phlebitis is an inflamed or swollen vein. However, the condition is usually broken into more specific types of inflamed veins. No matter the type, phlebitis should always be evaluated by a health care professional, since people with one kind of the condition may develop more serious forms.

Types of phlebitis include:

• Superficial phlebitis: Phlebitis affecting veins at the surface of the skin. These are usually not serious and get better quickly.
• Deep phlebitis: Phlebitis affecting veins in a deeper, larger vein. This usually happens in the legs but can appear in the arms as well.
• Superficial thrombophlebitis: A blood clot plus vein swelling in a vein near the skin’s surface. This may also be called a superficial blood clot.
• Deep vein thrombophlebitis: A blood clot plus vein swelling in a deep vein, usually in the leg. Deep vein thrombophlebitis is the most serious type of phlebitis. If the blood clot breaks away from its location in the arm or leg and travels to the lungs, it can cause a deadly condition called pulmonary embolism.
  • Note: This is slightly different from deep vein thrombosis, which is a blood clot in a deep vein without swelling or inflammation of the blood vessel lining.

How long does it take to treat phlebitis? How long does phlebitis last?

In cases of superficial inflammation, phlebitis can often be treated at home after a brief evaluation by a physician. Treatment usually takes one to two weeks. (1) However, if you have complications or more serious forms of this condition, recovery may take longer.

Signs and Symptoms

Phlebitis symptoms include: (2, 3)

• A long, thin red area or “streaking” along the skin
• Warm, hard or tender skin
• A section of rope- or cord-like lumps you can feel under the skin
• Redness or irritation that follows a vein
• Itchy or swollen skin
• Throbbing or burning at the site of red or tender skin
• Lumps or a swollen spot on your skin
• Worsening of symptoms when you get out of bed, flex the nearest joints, or have your leg lowered rather than elevated
• Low-grade fever
• Swelling, pain or skin irritation caused by infection

Usually, these symptoms develop slowly.  However, some people may notice that they get these symptoms soon after they had a needle or IV in their arm.

Phlebitis Causes and Risk Factors

The technical cause of phlebitis is injury or irritation to a blood vessel’s lining.

In cases of superficial phlebitis, this irritation can be caused by: (2)

• Injury to the vein
• Infection
• Blood clots
• Use of an IV or an injection of medicine into the vein

In cases of deep phlebitis, the irritation can be caused by: (2)

• Injury from trauma, surgery or injury
• A prior case of deep phlebitis
• Inactivity, especially during travel or bed rest
• Blood clots

Risk factors for phlebitis and thrombophlebitis include: (4, 5)

• Inactivity, travel or bed rest
• Family or personal history of blood clots
• Pregnancy or recent childbirth
• Obesity
• Broken bones or injury to the pelvis, arms or legs
• Recent surgery
• A long-term catheter in a blood vessel
• Cancer or blood disorders
• Lupus and some other autoimmune conditions
• Smoking
• Those taking certain drugs, such as birth control pills or hormone replacement therapy
• Varicose veins

Conventional Treatment

Conventional phlebitis treatment typically involves anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen.  It may also involve the following treatments, depending on the cause of your phlebitis: (5, 6, 7)

• Blood-thinning medications such as aspirin, enoxaparin, and/or warfarin may be given to break down blood clots or make it easier for blood to flow through the veins
• Antibiotics may be required for a skin infection
• Warm compresses, leg or arm elevation, and compression stockings may be recommended to ease symptoms such as swelling and pain
• Surgery may be done in severe or chronic cases

If you have a blood clot, you may need to stay at the hospital for a few days. People with superficial phlebitis can usually just have some assessments done (to check for blood clots) and then go home with treatment advice from the physician.

Phlebitis: 5 Natural Ways to Improve Your Symptoms

You should not attempt to self-diagnose phlebitis since it may keep you from getting proper evaluation and treatment for a possible deep blood clot or infection requiring antibiotics. However, once you have been evaluated and diagnosed, there are ways you can improve and manage your phlebitis symptoms at home:

1. Elevate and soothe

You can elevate your affected arm or leg. (5) This should help the swelling go down. Try propping your leg or arm up on a pillow, towel or cushion while you sleep and sit. When possible, prop it up above the level of your heart. (8)

You can also try warm compresses. This involves putting a warm, wet compress on your affected arm or leg. The compress should be large, fairly heavy and hot, wrapped around your limb so that it applies heat and gentle pressure. (7) However, make sure the compress doesn’t burn you or cut off your circulation.

If you do not have something to use as a large compress, you can use a heating pad or a warm, wet washcloth on the area for 10 minutes at a time, several times each day. (8) A warm compress may help relieve pain, reduce inflammation and improve circulation. Research has shown that warm water compresses can reduce phlebitis symptoms effectively. (9)

2. Stay active

People with superficial phlebitis or mild superficial thrombophlebitis are often told to maintain their regular activities. This helps prevent blood clots. You may even be told to increase your activity by taking frequent walks, stretching, taking the steps instead of an elevator, etc. (5)

Avoid standing for long periods or sitting still for more than one hour at a time, even at work or on a plane. When you do sit, keep your legs in motion: (8)

• Flex your feet by raising and lowering your heels with your toes still on the floor.
• Raise and lower your toes with your heels on the floor.
• Tighten and release your calf and thigh muscles while you sit.
• Change your position and stretch frequently.

Most people with phlebitis are encouraged to stay active. However, in rare cases of serious deep blood clots, you may be put on bed rest with a physical therapist to help you exercise your legs and arms safely. (5)

3. Try a compression stocking

A randomized, controlled trial found that people with blood clots who wore compression stockings below the knee were half as likely to have complications or another blood clot in the next five years as people who didn’t wear them. (10) However, this is not a short-term treatment. People in this study wore the stockings for two years after their first blood clot.

Wearing compression stockings up to the knee or thigh can help with pain relief, blood flow, and stopping swelling. (5) You may be able to buy a compression stocking at a drug store or online. However, your doctor may prefer to order a prescription stocking through your pharmacy.

Note: Do not wear compression stockings at night. (8)

4. Ask about herbs and supplements

Treatment for phlebitis usually involves anti-inflammatory drugs and blood thinners. Many natural herbs and supplements can have these effects as well. However, since these can interact with medication and cause complications with bleeding and more, do not take them without first consulting your physician. (11)

• Natural blood thinners may be useful if your phlebitis is complicated by a blood clot. These may include turmeric, ginger, cinnamon, cassia, cayenne peppers, vitamin E and foods with salicylate (avocados, cherries, berries, chilies). (12)
• Other herbal blood thinners may also benefit some people: (13)
  • Garlic
  • White clove
  • Licorice
  • Feverfew
  • Danshen (a Chinese herb)
  • Ginseng
  • Ginkgo biloba
• Chinese herbal preparations that may work as blood thinners include: (13)
  • Kangen Karyu
  • Bak Foon Pill or Bai Feng Wan
• Remedies to reduce inflammation could potentially ease phlebitis-related irritation in the blood vessels. Herbs and supplements with known anti-inflammatory properties include: (11)
  • Fish oil
  • White willow bark
  • Curcumin (turmeric)
  • Green tea
  • Maritime pine bark (pycnogenol)
  • Frankincense
  • Resveratrol
  • Cat’s claw
  • Capsaicin (chili pepper)
• A randomized controlled study found that B vitamins and folic acid may help reduce blood clotting by lowering levels of homocysteine in the blood. (14) Supplement doses in this study of people with venous thrombosis were 0.5 to 5 milligrams folic acid, 0.4 milligrams vitamin B12 and 50 milligrams vitamin B6.
• Butcher’s broom (Ruscus aculeatus) is a plant root used in traditional medicine to treat poor blood circulation, leg swelling, itching, varicose veins and other health problems. The plant may also have anti-inflammatory effects and may be effective for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency. (15) However, chemicals in this root may cause blood vessels to narrow, so do not take this without first consulting your physician.
• Horse chestnut (also called buckeyes or Aesculus hippocastanum) is used in extract form to help improve circulation for people with chronic venous insufficiency, itching and swelling. There is some research supporting its effectiveness in these related conditions. (16)
• Wild pansy is a component in some traditional remedies for phlebitis. (17) However, there is no high-quality research supporting its use or safety for phlebitis.
• A traditional Chinese medicine pill made of four different herbs, called Hulisan tablets, has also historically been used to treat phlebitis. (18) Although lab studies show the herbs have medicinal potency, there have been no studies confirming their effectiveness for phlebitis.

5. Follow a diet that supports blood vessel health

Phlebitis is irritation of the vein’s lining. Although a supportive diet may not make an immediate difference in your symptoms, over time it may help your blood vessels stay healthy and strong. When paired with other ways to prevent phlebitis and blood clots, such as exercise, a supportive diet can help you lower your risk for future problems. According to Today’s Dietitian and the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology guidelines for lifestyle management, a diet that supports blood vessel health includes: (19)

• Plenty of fiber: High-fiber foods include whole grains, fruits and veggies, legumes, nuts and seeds.
• Fruits and vegetables: Choose fruits and veggies that are high in fiber and antioxidants, which also lower inflammation, blood pressure and clotting. Good choices include avocados, Asian pears, berries, coconut, figs, artichokes, peas, okra, acorn squash, Brussels sprouts, turnips, black beans, chickpeas, lima beans, split peas, lentils, nuts, flaxseeds, chia seeds and quinoa.
• Whole grains: Good choices include oats, rye, barley, brown or wild rice, bulgur, buckwheat, quinoa and more.
• Unsaturated fats: These include omega-3 fatty acids and can be found in fish, flaxseeds, wheat germ, walnuts, avocados and vegetable oils.
• Poultry
• Fish
• Nuts
• Little red meat, added sugars, sodium and saturated or trans fats

Precautions

• Many natural therapies interact with common medicines prescribed to treat phlebitis or blood clots, such as warfarin. (20) Always tell your doctor about your use of herbs and supplements and your diet, especially if you use a blood thinner such as warfarin.
• Do not attempt to self-treat phlebitis until you have been assessed by a health care professional. You and your physician should create your plan for phlebitis management together.
• Phlebitis and blood clots can come back. Prevention of future phlebitis and blood clots may be possible. Stay active and keep your legs moving, wear loose clothing, stay hydrated and follow your doctor’s instructions for reducing your risk.

Final Thoughts

• Phlebitis is irritation or inflammation of a vein.
• In most cases, superficial phlebitis or superficial thrombophlebitis can be treated quickly and easily.
• In the case of deep phlebitis or deep thrombophlebitis, you may need a hospital stay and your doctor may recommend prescription medications.
• Blood clots with phlebitis can be very serious and even life-threatening. Do not attempt to self-diagnose or self-treat phlebitis. Always let your physician know if you suspect you have this condition or if you plan to take herbs or supplements to treat your symptoms.

Five natural approaches to help manage some phlebitis symptoms and mild cases at home after diagnosis and evaluation:

1. Elevate and soothe
2. Stay active
3. Try a compression stocking
4. Ask about herbs and supplements
5. Follow a diet that supports blood vessel health

14 Remedies To Prevent Phlebitis

If blood flowing through the veins is a peaceful river, then phlebitis is the body’s equivalent of the Hoover Dam. Those who have experienced phlebitis know it as much more: a painful, frightening affliction that can claim a life without warning via a blood clot that surreptitiously lodges in the veins of the heart or lungs. Phlebitis just means inflammation of the veins. It is more correctly known as thrombophlebitis. “Thrombo” is for the blood clot that is its trademark and primary danger. Two basic types of phlebitis exist: deep vein thrombophlebitis, or DVT for short, which is the more dangerous condition, and superficial phlebitis, the more common, less serious condition. Both are caused by long periods of inactivity, such as a long car trip or lengthy bed rest.

Your genes might also put you at a greater risk for developing this condition. “Both types of phlebitis are defined by a clot in a blood vessel, but a clot in one of the deep veins can travel to the heart or lungs, making it very dangerous,” says David L. Katz, MD, MPH. “Superficial phlebitis usually occurs in smaller vessels, so the clots are smaller and usually won’t reach the heart or lungs. It’s more of a localized problem.” It sounds disturbing, but you probably don’t need to stress over the tender, ropy veins of superficial phlebitis you may feel just below your skin’s surface. Here are some home remedies that may help complement your doctor’s care and help prevent phlebitis.

Avoid Injury

While DVT usually has more to do with your overall heart health, superficial phlebitis often occurs after an injury to the leg, says Katz.

Give It Rest And Warmth

If you experience the pain or swelling of phlebitis, one of the first things you can do for immediate relief is elevate your legs and apply a warm compress to the area, says Katz. “Warm compresses increase bloodflow and help to dissolve the clot,” he says. “And elevating the limbs will help to get the blood moving again.”

Get Some Exercise

Exercise is a good way to prevent phlebitis in the first place, as well as keep it from coming back. “If your muscles are stronger and more toned, that means the blood is flowing through them more efficiently,” says Katz. “And that greatly reduces your risk of developing a blood clot.”

MORE: 7 Slimming Workouts For Small Spaces

Walk When You Have To Ride

Planning a long trip by car? If you’ve had phlebitis in the past, then make sure your wheels aren’t the only things in motion. The main thing is to stop frequently and exercise, says Michael D. Dake, MD. “Don’t take just one pit stop during the day and walk a mile, but rather stop four or five times and walk shorter distances.” Exercise prevents your circulation from slowing down during long periods of sitting.

Beware The Friendly Skies

Scientific literature is littered with reports of people stricken with deep vein thrombophlebitis following long airplane flights. The condition is so common that it’s now known as economy class syndrome, because it rarely seems to strike those passengers seated in roomy, first-class seats. The best way to prevent DVT, says Katz, is to get up and walk around every hour or so to keep the blood circulating. In fact, you may want to request an aisle seat to make this easier.

There are also exercises you can do from your seat to keep blood flowing. “Simply tense and flex your muscles for a few seconds, and then release them,” says Katz. “Also, lift up your feet, and contract the muscles in your calves while you do this. And check out the videos on an intercontinental flight. Usually a few of the options are exercises that you can do in your seat.”

Know Your Risks

Once you’ve had phlebitis, you’re at increased risk of getting it again. Long periods of bed rest make you especially vulnerable. While you might not be able to prevent prolonged bed rest following an injury or a serious illness, certain types of risks, such as elective surgery, can be avoided if you’re prone to clotting disorders. Consult your doctor for specific risk factors, but keep in mind that getting up and around can help reduce the risks of developing phlebitis after surgery.

Wear Support Stockings For Some Relief

These stockings, available in drugstores and department stores, impede the blood’s tendency to pool in the small blood vessels closest to the skin. While there’s no documented evidence showing that support stockings do any good in preventing phlebitis, they do seem to relieve pain and make some people feel better. The best advice for you? Wear support stockings if you’re prone to swollen legs and ankles or varicose veins.

Follow A Healthy Diet

While nutrition doesn’t have a direct connection to phlebitis, eating a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy weight are both related to a more efficient heart and better bloodflow. And that, in turn, reduces your risk of experiencing phlebitis, especially the more dangerous DVT. There are some nutrients, such as garlic and certain antioxidants, that have anti-inflammatory properties, but Katz says the most important thing is to focus on a whole-diet approach of eating plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and lean sources of protein. “They’ve never done the study, but I’m willing to bet if you had 2,000 people on airplanes, and 1,000 of them followed a healthy diet, that group would experience less DVT than the other group,” he says. (Here’s 25 must-haves for your clean-eating grocery list.)

Try An Over-The-Counter Solution

Some studies suggest that the blood-thinning properties of aspirin, Tylenol, and other over-the-counter pain relievers may help reduce phlebitis by preventing rapid clot formation in those prone to the disease. These studies advise that you take aspirin before prolonged periods of bed rest, travel, or surgery, all of which tend to make circulation sluggish and increase the possibility of clotting.

Try Horse Chestnut

Available in tincture or capsules, this herb can really improve stressed veins by helping to strengthen and repair blood vessels that have lost their elasticity, says Teresa Koby, a clinical herbalist. Take 300 milligrams twice a day to relieve symptoms.

Add Vitamin E

While the safety of vitamin E has been called into question in some studies recently, Katz says taking a low dose is safe and effective for treating phlebitis pain and swelling. “I recommend taking 200 IU daily when you experience pain and for 2 weeks after the pain stops,” he says. “Some multivitamins will even provide this much vitamin E.”

Find Relief From Fish Oil

Katz is a big believer in the anti-thrombotic properties of fish oil, which is why he recommends that everyone take 2 grams of a fish oil supplement each day.

Add Another Reason To Quit

As if you need any more! Katz pegs smoking as one of the biggest factors in causing phlebitis because it increases your risk of blood clots. If you still smoke, ask your doctor for help in quitting.

Be Careful With Contraceptives

Contrary to popular belief, oral contraceptives don’t raise everyone’s risk of getting phlebitis, says Katz. But if you have a rare genetic blood disorder known as Factor V, or Leiden, deficiency, then you shouldn’t take them. Your doctor can determine if you have a Factor V deficiency with a simple blood test.

Phlebitis Cures From the Kitchen

High-fiber foods are important to your vein health for one simple reason—they keep you regular. If you’re constipated, you tend to push too much and too frequently when you have a bowel movement, which puts extra pressure on the valves of your legs. Try to eat around 30 grams of fiber a day from foods like bran cereals, oatmeal, and beans. And remember to drink extra water. Without water, adding fiber can make your constipation worse.

When To See A Doctor

Even the most innocent phlebitis can be a sign of a more serious ailment. Swelling or tenderness around a reddened area on your leg is something to tell your physician. If you have a history of developing superficial phlebitis or varicose veins, you might be at risk for deep vein thrombophlebitis. See your doctor if you feel any prolonged pain or swelling in your calf or thigh, and particularly if the pain is coming primarily from the back of the calf. If you feel even the least bit of leg pain or swelling a day or two after a long plane ride or car trip, it’s a good reason to pay your doctor a visit.

Panel Of Advisors

Michael D. Dake, MD, is a professor at the University of Virginia department of radiology in Charlottesville.

David L. Katz, MD, MPH, is the director of the Yale Griffin Prevention Research Center in Derby, Connecticut, and author of The Way to Eat.

Teresa Koby is a clinical herbalist with the Herbal Research Foundation in Boulder, Colorado.

symptoms, how to treat, prevention at home

What is phlebitis

Phlebitis is an inflammation of the venous wall, which in most cases is a complication of varicose veins. Most often, phlebitis affects the superficial veins of the lower extremities, and inflammation can provoke the formation of blood clots that “stick” damage to the venous walls, and this is already fraught with the formation of blood clots.

Causes of phlebitis

Most often, phlebitis (especially phlebitis of the lower extremities) occurs as a consequence and complication of varicose veins. Also, inflammation of the venous wall can cause injury. For example, post-injection phlebitis occurs due to damage or irritation of the vein by the injection solution, and allergic phlebitis develops due to an allergy to the drug or catheter material. Often phlebitis occurs as a complication after a chemical burn of a vein (for example, after injections or improper administration of a drug).

Sometimes phlebologists artificially cause phlebitis to treat varicose veins. During sclerotherapy, a substance is injected into a vein that causes aseptic phlebitis, which leads to venous walls sticking together.

Symptoms of phlebitis

The symptoms of phlebitis depend on whether the disease is acute or chronic. The most common manifestations of the disease are:

• pain and a feeling of tension, fullness in the area of ​​the affected veins;
• redness and induration of the skin in the affected area;
• the appearance of red stripes along the inflamed veins;
• local increase in skin temperature;
• general weakness and malaise;
• fever ¹ .

In the chronic form of phlebitis, the symptoms are not so pronounced, but there is a high probability of phlebitis flowing into thrombophlebitis.

How to treat phlebitis

Phlebologist deals with the treatment of phlebitis. It is important to seek advice from a specialist as soon as you begin to experience pain and other unpleasant symptoms or notice signs of varicose veins. The specialist will select a treatment regimen and drugs.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of phlebitis begins with an anamnesis of the disease. The doctor examines the patient and carefully listens to all complaints, paying attention to when pain, swelling, heaviness in the legs appeared. Also, a specialist can prescribe ultrasound duplex scanning of the veins of the lower extremities, MRI and CT of the lower extremities ^1.2 . If necessary, laboratory blood tests are prescribed, as well as consultation with a therapist or cardiologist.

Modern treatments

In the treatment of phlebitis, the patient is primarily shown bed rest, and the affected limb should be in an elevated position.

Your doctor may prescribe certain drugs to treat phlebitis, usually anticoagulants that reduce blood viscosity and prevent blood clots from forming. Anti-inflammatory drugs for internal and external use are also recommended. Ointments are prescribed with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and heparin in the composition of ^1.2 .

Many patients are indicated to take phlebotonics – drugs that improve the condition of the veins, increase their strength and elasticity. Doctors almost always recommend the use of elastic bandages and compression stockings ¹ .

If the inflammation has spread to the deep veins, thrombus formation has begun, then the issue of surgical intervention may be decided. For example, for the treatment of migrating phlebitis, an emergency operation is performed – a crossectomy, in which the affected areas of the vein are bandaged or removed. In a planned manner, the issue of phlebectomy, the removal of a modified vein, can be resolved.

Prevention of phlebitis at home

Prevention of phlebitis, like many other diseases of blood vessels and veins, includes a few simple but important rules.

• You need to balance your daily routine and diet.
• Do not neglect sports, gymnastics, move as much as possible, walk on foot, for example, after work it is better to walk a couple of stops on foot than to take a bus or taxi.
• Since excess weight, passion for spicy, fatty foods seriously affects the state of blood vessels and veins, refuse or minimize the intake of junk food, replacing it with fresh vegetables, herbs and fruits.
• It is also necessary to give up bad habits and strengthen the immune system.
• If you have varicose veins, then you need to undergo regular preventive examinations by a phlebologist, and if pain and discomfort appear, do not let the disease take its course, but immediately contact a specialist.

Popular questions and answers

Denis Ibragimov, a phlebologist and vascular surgeon, answers popular questions about phlebitis and its treatment.

What complications can phlebitis lead to?

— Phlebitis is a rather serious and insidious disease that can lead to multiple unpleasant consequences. For example, an acute form of phlebitis, if treatment is not started on time, can turn into a chronic form, when not only superficial, but also deep veins will be affected, and if the formation of blood clots – blood clots begins, then phlebitis can turn into thrombophlebitis. Also, if the disease is left to chance, sclerotic changes and even septic embolism may occur in the venous walls.

Is it possible to treat phlebitis with folk remedies?

– In general, the treatment of phlebitis should be done by a phlebologist, and self-medication with the help of traditional medicine can be dangerous. To alleviate the symptoms, you can make a compress from buckwheat groats ground into flour or with decoctions of healing injuries. When you go to bed, make sure that your legs are in an elevated position, you can, for example, put a pillow. Well, try to keep calm until the pain and swelling subside.

What are the prerequisites for the appearance of phlebitis?

– As already mentioned, phlebitis is most often a complication of varicose veins, and, in turn, pregnant women, overweight people who lead a sedentary lifestyle, without proper physical activity are most prone to it. With long-term stress, heavy stress and injuries, the walls of the veins can also become inflamed.

Sources:

1. Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis. Clinical recommendations. 2021. http://disuria.ru/_ld/10/1083_kr21I80I82MZ.pdf
2. Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of superficial vessels. Bitsadze V.O., Bredikhin R.A., Bulatov V.L., Golovina V.I., Jenina O.V., Zolotukhin I.A., Ilyukhin E.A., Kalinin R.E., Katorkin S. .E., Kirienko A.I., Krylov A.Yu., Lobastov K.V., Makatsaria A. D., Mzhavanadze N.D., Porembskaya O.Ya., Pryadko S.I., Seliverstov E.I. ., Sonkin I.N., Soroka V.V., Stoyko Yu.M., Suchkov I.A., Schastlivtsev I.V., Cherkashin M.A. Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis of superficial vessels. Phlebology. 2021;15(3):211-244. https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/flebologiya/2021/3/1199769762021031211

Is it possible to cure varicose veins at home?

At least 20%.

This proportion of adults is affected by varicose veins. With age, the risk of this disease increases, and among people over 50, more than half live with altered blood vessels.

Why are there so many?

Most simply do not go to the doctor at the first symptoms of varicose veins. They do not consider this pathology serious and treat it as a cosmetic problem. Only a few heal it. However, even they often use only folk recipes to alleviate the symptoms of the disease.

A little later we will talk about common recipes for varicose veins at home. But first, let’s evaluate the pathology itself. The better people understand the causes and risks of varicose veins, the easier it will be for them to overcome it.

So, the circulatory system consists of arteries, veins and capillaries. The blood is enriched with oxygen in the lungs and carried through the tissues with the help of arteries. It returns to the heart through the veins.

Unfortunately, a serious obstacle stands in the way of the blood flow – gravity. As the blood rises through the veins of the legs, gravity constantly pulls it down, which is why the vessels often overflow. As a result, their walls expand and may change.

In healthy veins, this threat is neutralized by the valve system. This is what the membranes in blood vessels are called. They operate on the principle of swing gates – they open only towards the heart and do not let the flowing blood through. Varicose veins often develop in people with weakened or damaged valves.

Studies have shown that the likelihood of vascular changes increases due to the following factors:

• Older age

The cells of the body are constantly renewed. In youth, this process occurs quickly, but in old age it slows down. Therefore, in older people, organs are often worn out and work worse. This also applies to valves.

After many years of stress, the membranes gradually weaken and stop the flowing blood poorly. So in patients older than 60 years, the vessels are more likely to overflow.

• Heredity

Doctors have determined that valvular weakness is often passed on from parents. However, this factor is not decisive.

The likelihood of developing varicose veins depends on how many close relatives are affected by this pathology. For example, if a father or mother is sick, then the risk does not exceed 60%. When both parents have altered vessels, their children become victims of varicose veins at 90% of cases.

• Obesity

The greater the weight, the greater the load on the valves. In addition, an increase in body weight provokes an increase in blood volume. For example, about four liters of blood circulate through the vessels of women weighing 50 kg, and in patients weighing 100 kg, its amount increases to eight liters.

The constant pressure causes the valves to loosen. Therefore, obese people are more likely to develop varicose veins.

• Sedentary lifestyle

Blood circulation in the veins depends not only on the condition of the valves, but also on muscle contraction. They constrict the vessels and push the blood up.

If a person sits or stands motionless for several hours in a row, blood stasis often occurs in the veins. Under pressure, blood vessels dilate. So sellers, hairdressers, teachers and office workers are at risk for varicose veins.

• Pregnancy

During childbearing in women, blood circulation in the veins is often disturbed. First, they gain weight. That is, the volume of blood increases and the pressure on the walls of blood vessels increases.

Then there is a hormonal imbalance. According to some studies, changes in hormone levels can reduce the elasticity of the venous walls. They stretch more easily under pressure.

The fruit is also dangerous for blood vessels. In the last trimester, the baby grows so big that it sometimes compresses neighboring veins. Their lumen decreases, and the load on the walls of blood vessels increases.

As you can see, the likelihood of varicose veins depends on genetics, lifestyle, age and health status. That is why it affects so many people.

However, this pathology is chronic and develops gradually, without exacerbations.

At the zero stage of varicose veins, the valves are broken, but the first signs of the disease have not yet appeared.

Further external and internal symptoms occur:

• Fatigue
• Linear, tree-like or spider-like patterns on the skin
• Heaviness in the legs
• Burning sensation
• Edema
• Night cramps
• Itching around veins
• Discoloration of the skin next to diseased vessels
• Severe pain when walking
• Twisted, dilated veins

Without treatment, the signs of pathology increase. A striking example is edema. In the early stages of varicose veins, they rarely appear and only with heavy loads on the legs. Edema occurs in the evenings, and disappears by morning. For some, this problem becomes a permanent symptom and does not go away even after sleep.

However, the usual signs of varicose veins are not fatal. Yes, they reduce the quality of life. But sometimes people live to an advanced age and get used to the altered veins.

Only in rare cases complications develop:

• Bleeding

Since varicose vessels are highly stretched, they are easily damaged during a fall or from high internal pressure. The result is a bleeding wound.

With such a complication, it is important to call an ambulance as soon as possible. If the bleeding is not stopped in time, the person may die. Adults who have lost more than 20% of their blood volume in a few hours require a transfusion. Blood loss in 30% often leads to coma, and in 50% to death.

• Blood clots

Stagnation of blood in altered vessels sometimes provokes the growth of blood clots. These are thick blood clots. They grow on the venous walls and slowly reduce the lumen of the vessels, the pressure in which rises.

Rarely, blood clots enter the bloodstream. Such fragments travel up the veins and can lodge in the lungs or heart. When this happens, a pulmonary embolism develops, which can cause respiratory arrest and death.

• Trophic ulcers

Stagnation of blood leads to the fact that it overflows neighboring tissues. However, we are talking about venous blood. It lacks oxygen. But arterial blood with oxygen does not reach the tissues, as a result of which they slowly die off.

First, the affected area of ​​the skin darkens. Then a bright spot forms in the center of it, where an ulcer can occur.

Trophic lesions are difficult to cure because they reappear if the cause is not removed.

People with varicose veins rarely suffer from complications. Most often, doctors diagnose them with trophic ulcers, which affect from three to six percent of patients. Treatment of varicose veins at home against them does not help. With such problems, you need to contact a specialist.

This concludes the conversation about the disease and proceed to the description of folk ways to combat varicose veins.

Hirudotherapy

This home treatment option for varicose veins involves the use of leeches. It has long been used in medicine. Hirudotherapy is mentioned in the historical sources of Ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. It was used for diseases of the heart and joints.

Leech saliva contains enzymes and biologically active substances that thin the blood and reduce the risk of blood clots. Blood circulation improves at the bite site.

How useful are they for varicose veins?

Leeches do not affect the cause of the symptoms and cannot restore the normal functioning of the valvular system. That is, they are not suitable for the treatment of altered veins.

However, hirudotherapy is not completely useless. Since the risk of thrombosis increases with varicose veins, the use of leeches helps to combat this threat. They also weaken the symptoms of the disease – reduce swelling and blood stasis.

It is important to remember that it is very dangerous to treat varicose veins of the lower extremities at home with this method. If the patient has trophic changes, then leeches can cause skin infection or even necrosis. Before hirudotherapy, it is important to consult a doctor. Only a specialist in vein diseases will determine how safe this procedure is for a particular person.

Essential oil massage

Some types of massage reduce swelling and other symptoms of varicose veins by improving blood circulation. Sometimes massage therapists use oils of geranium, sage, frankincense and cypress. This enhances the effect of the procedure and helps fight inflammation.

Massage eliminates altered vessels?

No.

At best, it will simply relieve the symptoms of the disease. In addition, massage is not safe for all patients with varicose veins. The fact is that dilated vessels are very vulnerable and any strong impact can damage them. So before performing a massage, you need to consult a phlebologist about the risks of such a procedure.

Sometimes the massage goes without complications. But even in this case, it is impossible to remove varicose veins at home.

This procedure is suitable only for prevention, and not for the treatment of altered vessels.

Exercises against blood stasis

To combat varicose veins, you can use exercises in the supine position – a bicycle and scissors.

This posture improves blood circulation in the legs. Gravity does not interfere with the movement of blood, which easily flows from the feet to the heart. The load on the valves is reduced. Therefore, edema, pain and burning in the vessels disappear in people.

Unfortunately, the valvular system will not recover even if you exercise several hours a day. So it is impossible to cure varicose veins with exercises.

Doctors recommend doing this workout at least three times a day for 15-20 minutes. First of all, it is useful for patients to whom the symptoms of the disease cause severe discomfort.

Exercise only delays the development of varicose veins. Without a full-fledged treatment by a phlebologist, the pathology will not disappear and will continue to spoil people’s lives. Doctors advise doing exercises to prevent altered veins and exacerbate symptoms of the disease. The main thing is not to forget to consult a doctor.

Horse chestnut

Many believe that varicose veins can be cured at home with the help of this herb infusion. Let’s try to figure out how true this is.

We prepare the tincture – we collect chestnuts, peel them and insist on 200 ml of vodka for two weeks. Keep the liquid in a dark place.

The tincture should be taken 30 ml three times a day after meals for a month. Therapy sessions can be repeated with a break of two weeks.

How useful is it?

It is believed that horse chestnut tincture tones blood vessels, improves blood circulation and thins the blood. As you can see, not a word about venous valves. That is, in any case, such a composition will simply reduce the manifestations of the disease, but will not eliminate their cause.

Also, the tincture is not always safe for internal use. Doctors do not recommend using it for people with pathologies of the liver and kidneys, as well as with gastritis. But when used externally, it is harmless. Contrast baths with horse chestnut tincture will improve blood circulation in the veins and their elasticity.

Pine bark extract

This is the name of a herbal remedy that is often recommended for patients with varicose veins. It relieves swelling and cramps. Doctors even conducted a study comparing pine bark extract with compression stockings. It showed that a folk remedy fights the symptoms of varicose veins better than special elastic underwear.

So it means you can use it to remove varicose veins at home?

Unfortunately not.

Studies do not show that this natural remedy has any effect on the valvular system. Suppose it really relieves the symptoms of the disease. Edema and cramps will cease to torment patients. But if you do not use the extract for a long time, then the signs of pathology will return.

The use of dubious folk recipes only prevents a person from going to the doctor in time and starting a full-fledged treatment. First of all, it is important to get a diagnosis. After that, the patient can consult with a phlebologist about the use of pine bark extract. For example, for the prevention of varicose veins.

Garlic compress

Everyone knows about the benefits of garlic. It helps fight bacteria, improves bowel function and carbohydrate metabolism. Some people consider it a kind of universal remedy for all occasions. Including varicose veins.

First prepare a mixture of the following ingredients:

• Crushed head of garlic
• Fresh orange juice
• Two spoons of olive oil
• Honey

The result is a composition that must be infused in a closed container for 12 hours. After that it is ready to use.

The mixture should be rubbed into the affected areas of the legs with light massage movements every day. It can be washed off immediately or stopped overnight by covering with cotton gauze.

Studies do not prove the effectiveness of this method of treating varicose veins at home. At best, the symptoms of the disease will decrease slightly. However, a garlic compress will not help eliminate altered vessels.

Therefore, you should not wait until the pathology intensifies and causes dangerous complications – contact a phlebologist at the first signs of varicose veins.

Apple Cider Vinegar

People say that apple cider vinegar is good for more than just salads and marinades. It turns out that he also treats varicose veins. At least, some people think so.

Their opinion is related to the composition of apple cider vinegar, which includes the following components:

• B vitamins
• Citric and lactic acid
• Minerals
• Vitamins A, C and E

These substances sometimes stimulate blood circulation, improve the condition of blood vessels, relieve swelling, itching and pain. Vinegar should be used for foot massage.

What about real results?

Even the authors of the recipe are not sure about the effectiveness of this method of treating varicose veins of the lower extremities at home. They write that it will “probably” eliminate diseased veins.

As you can see, no guarantees. At the same time, this recipe compares favorably with horse chestnut tincture. At least here we are talking about external use. So vinegar will not harm the vessels. But instead of a ghostly hope for recovery, it is better to immediately make an appointment with a phlebologist and choose an effective method of treating veins.

Proper nutrition

Another popular theory is that varicose veins can be overcome by changing the diet.

This is not true.

Some foods are helpful in preventing disease and helping to reduce symptoms, but they do not cure veins.

For example, the following products improve blood circulation and reduce the load on blood vessels:

• Citrus fruits
• Sweet pepper
• Green tea
• Brussels sprouts

But even if you eat 5 kg of oranges a day, the state of the valves will not change.

Constipation is dangerous for veins. Because of them, the pressure in the vessels increases, which creates an additional load on the valve system.

To combat this threat, it is good to eat foods with fiber:

• White rice
• Beans
• Peas
• Barley
• Green peas
• Raspberry
• Bananas
• Peaches

Again, this food does not heal the veins. It simply reduces the pressure on the walls of blood vessels and the risk of hemorrhoids.

Laundry soap and clay

These substances have an antibacterial effect and some use them to combat trophic lesions. On the one hand, it reduces the risk of infection.

However, not everything is so simple.

Soap and clay dry out the skin, which can make patients more itchy. So people will scratch the skin more often, causing scratches and other damage. This makes it easier for bacteria to enter the tissue. We advise you to use such remedies for varicose veins at home only after consulting a doctor. The specialist will suggest safer methods for dealing with germs.

Chicory

Now this substance is very popular. It is recommended to take it for sleep problems and during a diet.

But it is harmful for altered veins. Chicory worsens the tone of blood vessels, which makes them more stretched under blood pressure. Therefore, doctors do not advise using it even in the early stages of varicose veins. Chicory will only accelerate the development of the disease.

What is the lack of folk remedies?

Let’s summarize a little.

We have reviewed several recipes for varicose veins at home, but none of them guarantees the elimination of altered veins. Despite all the useful properties of such substances, they do not affect the valves. So the cause of stagnation of blood remains.

However, this is not the only problem with the use of folk remedies. Some use them along with medications, which makes it difficult to fight varicose veins. For example, a person takes phlebotonics to improve vascular tone and chicory. That is, two substances with opposite properties are fighting in his body, which neutralize each other’s action.

The next problem is toxicity. While natural substances are beneficial in small amounts, overdose can cause additional problems. Too frequent treatment of trophic lesions with clay or soap can provoke severe itching.

As you can see, even traditional recipes are sometimes dangerous. Therefore, they should be used after consulting a doctor. In addition, it is important to consult a doctor in any case, because only he will thoroughly check the veins and make an accurate diagnosis. Only modern methods of treatment will completely eliminate the altered vessels. However, how to choose the best operation?

In the clinic “Institute of Veins” you will be helped to permanently get rid of varicose veins

In our phlebology center, low-traumatic methods of dealing with varicose veins are used.

Vascular treatment used to leave long scars. They caused severe cosmetic discomfort. New methods of seamless vein removal allow patients to get rid of varicose veins without serious consequences. Twisted vessels simply disappear.

We have been performing such operations for several years. Over 15 years, our doctors have eliminated altered veins in more than 4,000 people.

Come to the clinic “Institute of Veins” and defeat varicose veins with the help of the best phlebologists in Kyiv and Kharkov.