Rectal pain treatment home. Rectal Pain Treatment at Home: Causes, Remedies, and When to Seek Medical Help

18.08.202308.07.2023 by alexxlab

What are the common causes of rectal pain. How can rectal pain be treated at home. When should you contact a doctor for rectal pain. What are the symptoms associated with various causes of rectal pain. How is rectal pain diagnosed and treated by medical professionals.

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Understanding the Causes of Rectal Pain

Rectal pain can be a distressing symptom that affects many individuals. It can stem from various conditions, ranging from minor irritations to more serious medical issues. Understanding the underlying causes is crucial for effective treatment and management.

Hemorrhoids: A Common Culprit

Hemorrhoids are a frequent cause of rectal discomfort. These swollen veins in the anus or lower rectum can be either internal or external. External hemorrhoids often cause pain when sitting, while internal hemorrhoids may lead to bleeding during bowel movements. How do hemorrhoids develop? They typically result from increased pressure in the lower rectum due to factors such as straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, or prolonged sitting.

Thrombosed External Hemorrhoids

A particularly painful condition is a thrombosed external hemorrhoid, which occurs when a blood clot forms in an external hemorrhoid. This can cause intense pain, especially when walking or sitting. The pain may worsen in the first 48 hours but usually subsides over the following days.

Prostatitis: Inflammation of the Prostate Gland

In men, prostatitis can be a source of rectal pain. This condition involves inflammation of the prostate gland, often due to bacterial infection. Symptoms may include pain when urinating, rectal pressure, and discomfort in the pelvic area. Why does prostatitis cause rectal pain? The prostate’s proximity to the rectum means that inflammation can affect nearby tissues, leading to rectal discomfort.

Levator Syndrome and Proctalgia Fugax

Levator syndrome (LS) and proctalgia fugax (PF) are two conditions characterized by episodic rectal pain. LS is thought to be caused by spasms in the pelvic floor muscles, while PF results in sudden, intense rectal pain that often occurs at night. These conditions can be challenging to diagnose due to their intermittent nature.

Rectal Prolapse

Rectal prolapse occurs when the rectum falls out of place and protrudes through the anus. This condition can cause significant discomfort and pain, especially when straining during bowel movements or coughing. What are the risk factors for rectal prolapse? Chronic constipation, prolonged straining, and weakened pelvic floor muscles can contribute to this condition.

Endometriosis and Rectal Pain

For some individuals, rectal pain may be related to the menstrual cycle, particularly during ovulation. In cases of endometriosis, tissue similar to the uterine lining can grow in abnormal locations, including the bowels. This can lead to rectal pain, painful bowel movements, and other gastrointestinal symptoms.

Home Remedies for Rectal Pain Relief

While medical treatment may be necessary for underlying conditions, several home remedies can help alleviate rectal pain:

Sitz baths: Soaking the affected area in warm water for 10-15 minutes several times a day can provide relief.
Ice packs: Applying cold compresses can help reduce swelling and numb the area.
Over-the-counter pain relievers: Acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage pain and inflammation.
Fiber-rich diet: Increasing fiber intake can soften stools and reduce strain during bowel movements.
Hydration: Drinking plenty of water helps prevent constipation and promotes overall digestive health.

Can dietary changes help with rectal pain? In many cases, yes. A diet rich in fiber and adequate hydration can prevent constipation, which is a common factor in various rectal pain conditions.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Rectal Pain

While some causes of rectal pain can be managed at home, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention:

Severe or persistent pain that doesn’t improve with home remedies
Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
Fever accompanying rectal pain
Unexplained weight loss
Changes in bowel habits lasting more than a few days
Pain that interferes with daily activities

How urgently should you seek medical care for rectal pain? If you experience severe, sudden pain or any of the above symptoms, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare professional promptly.

Diagnostic Procedures for Rectal Pain

When you consult a doctor for rectal pain, they may perform various diagnostic procedures to determine the underlying cause:

Physical examination: This includes a visual inspection of the anus and surrounding area.
Digital rectal examination: The doctor inserts a gloved, lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities.
Anoscopy or proctoscopy: These procedures use small instruments to examine the anal canal and lower rectum.
Colonoscopy: In some cases, a more extensive examination of the entire colon may be necessary.
Imaging tests: X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be ordered to visualize the pelvic area.

What should you expect during a diagnostic procedure for rectal pain? Most examinations are brief and cause minimal discomfort. Your doctor will explain each step and ensure you’re as comfortable as possible throughout the process.

Treatment Options for Rectal Pain

Treatment for rectal pain depends on the underlying cause. Some common approaches include:

Medications

Topical creams or ointments for hemorrhoids
Antibiotics for bacterial infections
Pain relievers for general discomfort
Muscle relaxants for conditions like levator syndrome

Lifestyle Changes

Dietary modifications to prevent constipation
Regular exercise to promote bowel health
Avoiding prolonged sitting
Proper toileting habits to reduce strain

Medical Procedures

In some cases, medical procedures may be necessary:

Rubber band ligation for hemorrhoids
Sclerotherapy for rectal prolapse
Surgical intervention for severe cases of prolapse or persistent hemorrhoids

How effective are these treatments for rectal pain? The success rate varies depending on the underlying condition and the chosen treatment method. Many individuals experience significant relief with appropriate management.

Preventing Rectal Pain: Lifestyle and Dietary Considerations

Prevention is often the best approach to managing rectal pain. Here are some strategies to reduce the risk of developing rectal discomfort:

Dietary Habits

Consume a high-fiber diet including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day
Limit consumption of processed foods and those low in fiber

Bathroom Habits

Avoid straining during bowel movements
Don’t sit on the toilet for extended periods
Use soft, unscented toilet paper or wet wipes

Physical Activity

Engage in regular exercise to promote healthy bowel function
Practice pelvic floor exercises to strengthen muscles
Avoid prolonged periods of sitting or standing

Can lifestyle changes significantly reduce the risk of rectal pain? Yes, adopting healthy habits can greatly decrease the likelihood of developing conditions that cause rectal discomfort.

Coping with Chronic Rectal Pain

For some individuals, rectal pain may become a chronic condition. Coping strategies can help manage long-term discomfort:

Pain Management Techniques

Relaxation exercises and deep breathing
Mindfulness meditation
Gentle stretching or yoga

Emotional Support

Joining support groups for individuals with similar conditions
Seeking counseling or therapy to manage stress and anxiety related to chronic pain
Maintaining open communication with friends and family about your condition

Alternative Therapies

Acupuncture
Biofeedback therapy
Herbal remedies (under professional guidance)

How can individuals effectively manage the psychological impact of chronic rectal pain? It’s crucial to address both the physical and emotional aspects of chronic pain. A multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare providers, mental health professionals, and support systems can be highly beneficial.

The Role of Gut Health in Rectal Pain Management

Maintaining a healthy gut microbiome can play a significant role in managing and preventing rectal pain. The balance of bacteria in your digestive system affects various aspects of digestive health, including bowel regularity and inflammation.

Probiotics and Prebiotics

Incorporate probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut into your diet
Consume prebiotic foods that feed beneficial gut bacteria, such as garlic, onions, and bananas
Consider probiotic supplements under the guidance of a healthcare provider

Anti-Inflammatory Diet

Focus on foods with anti-inflammatory properties, such as fatty fish, leafy greens, and berries
Reduce intake of processed foods, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats
Experiment with herbal teas known for their soothing properties, like chamomile or peppermint

How does gut health influence rectal pain? A healthy gut microbiome can help regulate bowel movements, reduce inflammation, and strengthen the immune system, all of which can contribute to decreased rectal discomfort.

In conclusion, rectal pain is a common issue with various potential causes. While many cases can be managed with home remedies and lifestyle changes, it’s important to seek medical attention for persistent or severe symptoms. Understanding the underlying cause and adopting preventive measures can significantly improve quality of life for those affected by rectal pain. Remember, early intervention and proper care are key to managing this condition effectively.

Causes, remedies, and when to contact a doctor

Rectal pain can result from injury, inflammation, or infections that affect the rectum or anus. Hemorrhoids, prostatitis, and endometriosis are among many possible causes. Treatment will depend on the cause.

The rectum is a part of the digestive system that begins at the lower part of the large intestine and ends at the anus.

People may experience rectal pain at particular times, such as when sitting, walking, or during bowel movements. Depending on the underlying cause of the pain, people may experience additional symptoms, such as constipation, rectal bleeding, or pressure in the pelvic area.

There are many possible causes of rectal pain, so it is important for people to contact a healthcare professional for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

This article lists some potential causes of rectal pain according to when the pain is likely to occur. We also list remedies for rectal pain and possible accompanying symptoms. Finally, we provide information on diagnosis and when to contact a doctor.

Below are some potential causes of rectal pain. In some cases, they may occur alongside the appearance of symptoms.

When sitting

Hemorrhoids, also called piles, are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. They can be external or internal.

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), external hemorrhoids can cause rectal pain or ache when sitting.

Other possible symptoms include:

anal itching
hard, sensitive lumps around the anus
anal ache or pain

The NIDDK states that the symptoms of external hemorrhoids typically resolve within a few days.

When an internal hemorrhoid bulges out into the rectum, it becomes a prolapsed hemorrhoid. This is a common cause of rectal discomfort, pain, and pressure.

Internal hemorrhoids that have not prolapsed are usually not painful, but people may experience bleeding from the rectum.

When walking

A thrombosed external hemorrhoid is a blood clot that occurs in an external hemorrhoid.

According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), large, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can cause pain when walking, when people sit, or during a bowel movement.

People may have an anal mass that appears suddenly and causes pain. According to the ASCRS, the pain may worsen during the first 48 hours but then ease off over the following few days. If the skin covering the blood clot opens, people may also experience bleeding.

When urinating

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Its primary function is to make seminal fluid.

Prostatitis occurs when the prostate becomes infected with bacteria from the urine or rectum. The condition may cause pain when urinating, along with rectal pain or pressure.

Other possible symptoms of prostatitis include:

throbbing sensations in the rectal area
frequent need to urinate
low urine output
a burning or stinging sensation when urinating
pain in the pelvis or lower back
erectile dysfunction

When lying down

Levator syndrome (LS) is a condition that causes episodic pain in the rectum or bony structures at the base of the spine. Experts do not know the exact cause of LS. However, it is likely due to the spasm of the levator muscles in the pelvic floor. People may experience spasms for no clear reason or after having a bowel movement.

LS can cause pain or a dull ache in the rectum, anus, or tailbone. According to the ASCRS, sitting or lying down can worsen LS symptoms.

At night

Proctalgia fugax (PF) is sudden and intense pain in the rectum that can last for several minutes at a time. The condition typically occurs at night and may wake a person from sleeping. However, it can also happen during the day.

PF likely occurs as a result of spasms in the rectum or pelvic floor muscles.

When coughing

Rectal prolapse is the medical term for when the rectum falls out of place and drops through the anus. A person who has a rectal prolapse may feel a bulge from their anus when straining, such as when coughing, sneezing, or heavy lifting.

Rectal prolapse can cause pressure and pain in the rectum or anus. Other symptoms may include:

mucus in stool
bleeding from the rectum or anus
constipation
an inability to control bowel movements

During ovulation

Some people may experience uncomfortable or painful symptoms during the ovulation phase of their menstrual cycle. In certain cases, severe pain can be a sign of an underlying health condition, such as endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the uterus lining grows in abnormal places, such as the bowels. If endometriosis is present in the rectal area, it can cause pressure on the rectal wall, resulting in the following symptoms:

rectal pain
painful bowel movements
constipation
back pain

During a period

During menstruation, the body releases chemicals called prostaglandins. High levels of prostaglandins can cause the bowel wall to contract, causing pain, cramping, and diarrhea.

People with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may experience changes in their symptoms throughout the menstrual cycle, and these may correspond to natural hormone fluctuations. According to the Canadian Society of Intestinal Research, studies have found that people with IBS may experience an increase in rectal sensitivity during their period.

During pregnancy

A 2018 study assessed anal pain in 94 females in weeks 19–25 of pregnancy. Participants filled out a questionnaire reporting on anal symptoms throughout the following stages of pregnancy:

the second and third trimester
the postpartum period
three months postpartum

According to the results, 68% of participants experienced anal symptoms, with anal pain being the most common. Other anal symptoms included:

constipation
an inability to control bowel movements
hemorrhoidal complications
anal fissures

Risk factors for anal symptoms included constipation and medical history of anal problems.

After a hysterectomy

A hysterectomy is a medical term for the removal of the uterus. In some cases, a hysterectomy can weaken the connective tissue between the rectum and the vagina. This can cause a rectocele, a type of prolapse in which the rectum pushes into the vagina.

People may experience symptoms of a rectocele in the rectum, vagina, or both. Symptoms may include:

pressure in the pelvis
pain in the abdomen or lower back
a sensation of something falling down within the pelvis
feeling a mass within the vagina
vaginal bleeding that is not due to the menstrual cycle
constipation
difficulty having bowel movements
bowels not feeling empty after a bowel movement
in some cases, the inability to control a bowel movement

Standing up may worsen symptoms, whereas lying down may ease them.

Before or after a bowel movement

An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal, which is the end of the large intestine between the rectum and anus.

Anal fissures can cause sharp pain, which may begin with a bowel movement and can continue for a few minutes to hours. Other symptoms may include bright red blood in the stool or on toilet paper after having a bowel movement or a skin tag, or a small lump that appears near the anal fissure.

After a colonoscopy

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure that involves inserting a flexible tube called an endoscope into the anus and through the rectum to the colon. The scope has a camera attached, which allows a doctor to see inside the colon.

People may experience some mild pain or pressure during a colonoscopy. However, a doctor can provide a sedative to help reduce any discomfort.

Gentle movement and walking may help to alleviate any anal, rectal, or gas pains after the procedure.

During or after receptive anal intercourse or instrumentation

The skin around the rectum is very sensitive. Friction from sexual activity involving the anus or inserting objects into the rectum can cause injury, irritation, swelling, or bleeding.

Anal sex is mostly safe. If a person experiences pain during or after anal sex, they may need to increase lubrication.

Individuals who engage in unprotected anal intercourse are at a greater risk of anorectal infections. The most common symptom is a frequent or continuous urge to have a bowel movement. Other symptoms may also include anorectal pain or discomfort.

Learn about how to practice anal sex safely here.

Other medical conditions that can cause rectal pain include:

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for two conditions: Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis (UC). These conditions cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Crohn’s most often affects the portion of the small intestine before the large intestine and colon. UC is a long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed.

However, if UC only affects the rectum, it is called proctitis. People with this condition may experience pain in the rectal area.

Other symptoms include:

tenesmus, a frequent desire to pass feces
bloody diarrhea
bleeding in the rectal area

Research has shown that proctitis has also resulted from medical procedures. Chronic radiation proctitis is a side effect that affects 5–20% of people receiving radiation treatment for cancer. A case report from 2000 also demonstrates that one person developed ulcerative proctitis 10 months after a fecal microbiota transplant.

Stercoral ulcers

Stercoral ulcers occur when a person has chronic constipation leading to stagnation of fecal matter.

Multiple areas of ulceration can present in the colon. The most common locations of ulceration are in the sigmoid colon and the rectum.

Anorectal cancer

Anorectal cancer refers to any cancer that affects the anus or rectum.

With anal cancer, a person may not experience symptoms straightaway. They may notice anal bleeding, which people often mistake for hemorrhoids.

Other symptoms of anal cancer include:

rectal itching
a lump where the anus opens
a feeling of fullness or pain at the anus
changes in bowel movements, including narrower stools
anal discharge
swollen lymph nodes at the anus or groin
difficulty controlling bowel movements

Many of these symptoms may have causes that are not related to anorectal cancers. However, if a person notices these symptoms, it is important they contact a doctor.

The treatment options for rectal pain may vary depending on the underlying cause.

To relieve general pain around the rectum and anus, people can try the following:

taking a sitz bath or sitting in warm water for a few minutes
gently washing the area with lukewarm water, particularly after a bowel movement or sweating
avoiding using any irritating detergents or soap
wearing breathable, cotton underwear
wearing loose, comfortable clothing
avoiding sitting for long periods
sitting on a cushion or rubber ring to relieve pressure
taking over-the-counter pain medication to alleviate pain
using a stool softener, making stools easier to pass
eating a diet high in fiber and drinking plenty of water to prevent constipation and straining during a bowel movement
taking any medications according to the prescribing doctor’s instructions

Some conditions may require surgical treatment if a person experiences severe or persistent symptoms that do not respond to more conservative treatment. Examples include:

severe fissures
severe fistulas
severe hemorrhoids

A person who experiences rectal pain may also experience accompanying symptoms. Depending on the cause of the rectal pain, these may include:

a feeling of pressure in the anal, rectal, or pelvic area
a sensation of the bowels not emptying fully after a bowel movement
difficulty having bowel movements
gas and gas pains
leakage or an inability to control bowel movements
rectal or anal bleeding

A doctor may carry out a rectal examination to diagnose the cause of rectal pain.

During a rectal examination, a person will lie down on their left side, with their knees curled towards their chest. A doctor will then insert a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel for any problems. People may need to squeeze around the finger to test muscle function.

Depending on the person’s symptoms, a doctor may also carry out additional tests. These may include:

Endorectal ultrasound: This allows a doctor to see images of the rectal wall and surrounding areas. It can be useful in showing rectoceles or rectal prolapse.
Anorectal manometry: This test assesses the function and strength of muscles around the rectum.
Videodefecogram: This is a specialized X-ray to show muscle function during bowel movements.

People who experience any of the following symptoms will need to contact a doctor:

rectal pain that does not ease or eases and then returns
severe pain or other symptoms
ongoing rectal bleeding
a visible or palpable mass that does not improve
recent trauma to the anus

People may experience rectal pain for a variety of reasons, including pregnancy, hemorrhoids, and muscle spasms. Depending on the cause, symptoms may ease or worsen with a change of position, such as sitting, lying down, or walking.

People may be able to ease rectal pain with home remedies, such as taking a warm bath, sitting on a cushion, or taking pain relief medication.

A person will need to contact a doctor if they experience persistent or worsening rectal pain, rectal bleeding, or any other concerning symptoms.

Causes, remedies, and when to contact a doctor

The rectum is a part of the digestive system that begins at the lower part of the large intestine and ends at the anus.

There are many possible causes of rectal pain, so it is important for people to contact a healthcare professional for a diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Below are some potential causes of rectal pain. In some cases, they may occur alongside the appearance of symptoms.

When sitting

Hemorrhoids, also called piles, are swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or in the lower rectum. They can be external or internal.

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), external hemorrhoids can cause rectal pain or ache when sitting.

Other possible symptoms include:

anal itching
hard, sensitive lumps around the anus
anal ache or pain

The NIDDK states that the symptoms of external hemorrhoids typically resolve within a few days.

When an internal hemorrhoid bulges out into the rectum, it becomes a prolapsed hemorrhoid. This is a common cause of rectal discomfort, pain, and pressure.

Internal hemorrhoids that have not prolapsed are usually not painful, but people may experience bleeding from the rectum.

When walking

A thrombosed external hemorrhoid is a blood clot that occurs in an external hemorrhoid.

According to the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS), large, thrombosed external hemorrhoids can cause pain when walking, when people sit, or during a bowel movement.

When urinating

Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. The prostate gland is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. Its primary function is to make seminal fluid.

Prostatitis occurs when the prostate becomes infected with bacteria from the urine or rectum. The condition may cause pain when urinating, along with rectal pain or pressure.

Other possible symptoms of prostatitis include:

throbbing sensations in the rectal area
frequent need to urinate
low urine output
a burning or stinging sensation when urinating
pain in the pelvis or lower back
erectile dysfunction

When lying down

LS can cause pain or a dull ache in the rectum, anus, or tailbone. According to the ASCRS, sitting or lying down can worsen LS symptoms.

At night

PF likely occurs as a result of spasms in the rectum or pelvic floor muscles.

When coughing

Rectal prolapse can cause pressure and pain in the rectum or anus. Other symptoms may include:

mucus in stool
bleeding from the rectum or anus
constipation
an inability to control bowel movements

During ovulation

rectal pain
painful bowel movements
constipation
back pain

During a period

During menstruation, the body releases chemicals called prostaglandins. High levels of prostaglandins can cause the bowel wall to contract, causing pain, cramping, and diarrhea.

During pregnancy

A 2018 study assessed anal pain in 94 females in weeks 19–25 of pregnancy. Participants filled out a questionnaire reporting on anal symptoms throughout the following stages of pregnancy:

the second and third trimester
the postpartum period
three months postpartum

According to the results, 68% of participants experienced anal symptoms, with anal pain being the most common. Other anal symptoms included:

constipation
an inability to control bowel movements
hemorrhoidal complications
anal fissures

Risk factors for anal symptoms included constipation and medical history of anal problems.

After a hysterectomy

People may experience symptoms of a rectocele in the rectum, vagina, or both. Symptoms may include:

pressure in the pelvis
pain in the abdomen or lower back
a sensation of something falling down within the pelvis
feeling a mass within the vagina
vaginal bleeding that is not due to the menstrual cycle
constipation
difficulty having bowel movements
bowels not feeling empty after a bowel movement
in some cases, the inability to control a bowel movement

Standing up may worsen symptoms, whereas lying down may ease them.

Before or after a bowel movement

An anal fissure is a small tear in the lining of the anal canal, which is the end of the large intestine between the rectum and anus.

After a colonoscopy

People may experience some mild pain or pressure during a colonoscopy. However, a doctor can provide a sedative to help reduce any discomfort.

Gentle movement and walking may help to alleviate any anal, rectal, or gas pains after the procedure.

During or after receptive anal intercourse or instrumentation

The skin around the rectum is very sensitive. Friction from sexual activity involving the anus or inserting objects into the rectum can cause injury, irritation, swelling, or bleeding.

Anal sex is mostly safe. If a person experiences pain during or after anal sex, they may need to increase lubrication.

Learn about how to practice anal sex safely here.

Other medical conditions that can cause rectal pain include:

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a term for two conditions: Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis (UC). These conditions cause chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Crohn’s most often affects the portion of the small intestine before the large intestine and colon. UC is a long-term condition where the colon and rectum become inflamed.

However, if UC only affects the rectum, it is called proctitis. People with this condition may experience pain in the rectal area.

Other symptoms include:

tenesmus, a frequent desire to pass feces
bloody diarrhea
bleeding in the rectal area

Stercoral ulcers

Stercoral ulcers occur when a person has chronic constipation leading to stagnation of fecal matter.

Multiple areas of ulceration can present in the colon. The most common locations of ulceration are in the sigmoid colon and the rectum.

Anorectal cancer

Anorectal cancer refers to any cancer that affects the anus or rectum.

With anal cancer, a person may not experience symptoms straightaway. They may notice anal bleeding, which people often mistake for hemorrhoids.

Other symptoms of anal cancer include:

rectal itching
a lump where the anus opens
a feeling of fullness or pain at the anus
changes in bowel movements, including narrower stools
anal discharge
swollen lymph nodes at the anus or groin
difficulty controlling bowel movements

Many of these symptoms may have causes that are not related to anorectal cancers. However, if a person notices these symptoms, it is important they contact a doctor.

The treatment options for rectal pain may vary depending on the underlying cause.

To relieve general pain around the rectum and anus, people can try the following:

taking a sitz bath or sitting in warm water for a few minutes
gently washing the area with lukewarm water, particularly after a bowel movement or sweating
avoiding using any irritating detergents or soap
wearing breathable, cotton underwear
wearing loose, comfortable clothing
avoiding sitting for long periods
sitting on a cushion or rubber ring to relieve pressure
taking over-the-counter pain medication to alleviate pain
using a stool softener, making stools easier to pass
eating a diet high in fiber and drinking plenty of water to prevent constipation and straining during a bowel movement
taking any medications according to the prescribing doctor’s instructions

Some conditions may require surgical treatment if a person experiences severe or persistent symptoms that do not respond to more conservative treatment. Examples include:

severe fissures
severe fistulas
severe hemorrhoids

A person who experiences rectal pain may also experience accompanying symptoms. Depending on the cause of the rectal pain, these may include:

a feeling of pressure in the anal, rectal, or pelvic area
a sensation of the bowels not emptying fully after a bowel movement
difficulty having bowel movements
gas and gas pains
leakage or an inability to control bowel movements
rectal or anal bleeding

A doctor may carry out a rectal examination to diagnose the cause of rectal pain.

Depending on the person’s symptoms, a doctor may also carry out additional tests. These may include:

Endorectal ultrasound: This allows a doctor to see images of the rectal wall and surrounding areas. It can be useful in showing rectoceles or rectal prolapse.
Anorectal manometry: This test assesses the function and strength of muscles around the rectum.
Videodefecogram: This is a specialized X-ray to show muscle function during bowel movements.

People who experience any of the following symptoms will need to contact a doctor:

rectal pain that does not ease or eases and then returns
severe pain or other symptoms
ongoing rectal bleeding
a visible or palpable mass that does not improve
recent trauma to the anus

People may be able to ease rectal pain with home remedies, such as taking a warm bath, sitting on a cushion, or taking pain relief medication.

A person will need to contact a doctor if they experience persistent or worsening rectal pain, rectal bleeding, or any other concerning symptoms.

Home treatment for anal fissures and list of drugs

Anal fissure is a disease of the internal mucosal wall of the anus. The anal fissure is located at the beginning of the anus, has a linear shape with a size of 1-10 mm. The disease causes severe pain and discomfort during bowel movements. In a neglected state, the anal fissure becomes chronic and increases in size, so it is recommended to immediately consult a proctologist and start treatment.

How to heal a fissure at home

In the early stages, anal fissure is treated conservatively using medications without surgery. The intake of alcohol and spicy foods is completely excluded from the diet. The work of the intestines is getting better, the feces are softened, the injury of the fissure in the anal canal is reduced. Oil micro enemas are applied before the stool (150 g of warm water + 50 g of sunflower oil). The solution is poured into a 200 ml pear. The procedure is carried out for 10-15 days. Manipulation will soften the dense feces that cause injury.

List of laxatives

Can be used as laxatives*:

duphalac,
mucofalk,
forlax,
exported,
phytomucine.

* These drugs should not be considered as a recommendation. Each patient needs an individual selection of drugs. Before use, you should consult with a proctologist.

Rectal suppositories

After stools, it is recommended to rinse with warm water without using paper and take a warm bath for 10-20 minutes. Warm water helps to relax the muscles, reduces spasm of the sphincter, the pain fades. After taking water procedures, you can use candles:

proctoglivenol,
ultraproject,
relief-advance,
hepatrombin G,
preparation h,
natalsid.

Suppositories are inserted into the anus twice a day (morning and evening). Before use, the candle must be warmed and kneaded in the hands. After insertion, hold for 2-3 minutes and then push into the anal canal. Delaying the insertion will allow the candle to work better at the beginning of the anal canal.

These drugs and procedures will help you heal your anal fissure at an early stage. If the condition worsens, you should immediately consult a doctor. We strongly do not recommend starting self-treatment of anal fissure at home with an advanced stage of the disease.

Anal fissure ointments and creams

Topical ointments can be used alone to treat anal fissure at home. We offer a selection of effective remedies for anal fissures:

Levomekol. Ointment accelerates metabolic processes and promotes rapid healing of wounds. Antiseptic substances in its composition can eliminate inflammation in the anus.
Heparin ointment. The drug is often used to treat anal fissures on the advice of doctors.
Ointment Ultraprokt. The use of the ointment helps to disinfect the treated area and accelerate wound healing. The drug has an analgesic effect.
Solcoseryl ointment. The use of the drug allows you to accelerate the healing of wounds of the anus and return to a healthy lifestyle. Before use, it is necessary to apply the ointment on a swab and gently insert into the rectum.
Ointment Rescuer. The drug is also used to accelerate the regeneration of wounds and the healing of anal fissures at home. The medicine contains natural ingredients that contribute to recovery.

It is recommended to consult a proctologist before use.

Doctors proctologists

Bagdasaryan Lev Karapetovich

Surgeon – coloproctologist, candidate of medical sciences, doctor of the highest category, member of the Association of Coloproctologists of Russia

Work experience: 44 years

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Surgeon-coloproctologist, candidate of medical sciences, member of the Association of Coloproctologists of Russia

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Treatment of hemorrhoids in at home: symptoms, tips and remedies

Sometimes we face such acute problems as hemorrhoids. Of course, all medical portals will tell you in a voice that at the first symptoms you should immediately consult a doctor. But what to do if the diagnosis has already been made?

First, let’s clarify what hemorrhoids are. In a sense, everyone has it – these are pillow-shaped clusters of veins that lie directly under the mucous membranes that line the lower rectum and anus. The condition that most of us call hemorrhoids develops when these veins swell and stretch, much like varicose veins in the legs. Because the blood vessels involved must constantly fight gravity to keep blood flowing back to the heart, some people believe that hemorrhoids are part of the price we pay to remain upright creatures. There is another, more capacious definition of hemorrhoids. “This is the name of the nodules, swollen veins in the anus and rectum, similar to varicose veins,” says the Mayo Clinic portal. Hemorrhoids can develop inside the rectum (internal) or under the skin around the anus (external).

According to statistics, three out of four adults suffer from this disease from time to time. Hemorrhoids have a number of causes, but often the cause is unknown. Fortunately, there are effective ways to treat hemorrhoids. Many people manage to completely get rid of the disease at home, simply by changing their lifestyle.

Symptoms of hemorrhoids

Signs of hemorrhoids largely depend on its type. There are two types of hemorrhoids: internal hemorrhoids, which occur in the lower part of the rectum, and external hemorrhoids, which develop under the skin around the anus. External hemorrhoids cause the most discomfort, as the skin that covers them is irritated and corroded. If a blood clot forms inside an external hemorrhoid, the pain may be sudden and severe. You may feel or see a lump around your anus. The clot usually dissolves, leaving excess skin (skin mark) that may itch or become irritated.

Internal hemorrhoids are usually painless, even if they cause bleeding. For example, you may see bright red blood on toilet paper or dripping down the toilet. Internal hemorrhoids can also prolapse or extend beyond the anus, causing several potential problems. When hemorrhoids come out, they can collect small amounts of mucus and tiny particles of stool, which cause an irritation called anal itching. Constant rubbing to reduce itching only makes the problem worse.

With external hemorrhoids, swollen veins are located near the anus. Its main symptoms are:

Internal hemorrhoids lie directly inside the rectum. Usually, these nodules cannot be seen or felt, and they rarely cause discomfort. But straining or irritating a bowel movement can cause:

Painless bleeding during bowel movements. You may notice small amounts of bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the toilet
Hemorrhoids pushing through the anus (prolapsed or protruding hemorrhoids) causing pain and irritation
Thrombosed hemorrhoids. If blood accumulates in external hemorrhoids and forms a clot (thrombus). This, in turn, can lead to severe pain, swelling, inflammation, and the formation of a hard bump near the anus.

Stages of hemorrhoids

When symptoms of hemorrhoids develop, there are many treatment options, depending on the situation and the severity of the hemorrhoids. Internal hemorrhoids are classified according to the degree of prolapse below the scallop line into the anal canal.

Grade 1: Internal hemorrhoids protrude into the canal but do not protrude or fall completely. The nodes may bleed.

Grade 2: Hemorrhoids protrude beyond the anus when straining due to defecation or gas, but spontaneously return to their original internal position as soon as the tension subsides.

Grade 3: Hemorrhoids may protrude beyond the anal margin without any tension and require the patient to manually push them inwards.

When to see a doctor if you suspect hemorrhoids

If you notice slight bleeding or see blood on the toilet paper, this is already a reason to see a doctor. But do not assume that rectal bleeding is necessarily a sign of hemorrhoids. It is also common in other, more serious conditions, such as cancer of the rectum or anal canal.

Diagnosis of hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids can usually be diagnosed based on a simple medical history and physical examination. External hemorrhoids are usually obvious, especially if a blood clot has formed. Your doctor may do a digital rectal examination to check for blood in the stool. She or he may also examine the anal canal with an anoscope, a short plastic tube inserted into the rectum with light. If there is evidence of rectal bleeding or microscopic blood in the stool, a flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be done to rule out other causes of bleeding, such as colorectal polyps or cancer, especially in people over 45 years of age.

Causes of hemorrhoids

Traditionally, hemorrhoids have been associated with chronic constipation, straining during a bowel movement, and prolonged sitting on the toilet, all of which interfere with blood flow in and out of the area, causing it to pool and vasodilate. This also explains why hemorrhoids are common during pregnancy when the enlarging uterus presses on the veins.

More recent studies show that patients with hemorrhoids tend to have higher anal tone at rest, i.e. anal smooth muscle tends to be tighter than average (even in the absence of tension). Constipation exacerbates these problems because straining during a bowel movement increases pressure in the anal canal and pushes the hemorrhoid against the sphincter muscle. Finally, the connective tissues that support and hold hemorrhoids in place can weaken with age, causing the hemorrhoids to bulge and prolapse.

The veins around the anus tend to stretch under pressure and may bulge or swell. Hemorrhoids can develop due to increased pressure in the lower rectum caused by:

Tension during defecation
Long sitting on the toilet
Chronic diarrhea or constipation
obese
Pregnancy
anal sex
Improper diet
Regular weight lifting

Risk factors for hemorrhoids

With age, the risk of hemorrhoids increases. This is because the tissues that support the veins in the rectum and anus can weaken and stretch. This can also happen during pregnancy: the baby’s weight puts a lot of pressure on the anal area as well. By age 50, about half of the population has experienced one or more of the classic symptoms, which include rectal pain, itching, bleeding, and possibly prolapse (hemorrhoids that protrude through the anal canal). Although hemorrhoids are rarely dangerous, they can be uncomfortable and even painful.

Complications of hemorrhoids

Complications of hemorrhoids are rare, but sometimes they occur:

Anemia. In rare cases, chronic blood loss due to hemorrhoids can cause anemia, in which you don’t have enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to your cells.
Suffocated hemorrhoids. If the blood supply to internal hemorrhoids is cut off, the hemorrhoids can be “suffocated”, causing severe pain.
Thrombus. Sometimes a blood clot is also formed with thrombosed hemorrhoids. While not dangerous, it can be very painful.

Prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids

The best way to prevent hemorrhoids is to make the stool soft and easy to pass through the anal canal. Regardless of the size or swelling of the hemorrhoids, treatment is not required if there are no symptoms. Prevention is perhaps the most effective treatment. Diet and adequate hydration are very important to maintain normal bowel movements. Symptoms of hemorrhoids can occur with hard stools and constipation, as well as with diarrhea and frequent bowel movements. People with constipation may need a high-fiber diet, adequate fluids, and stool softeners. People with too frequent bowel movements may need antidiarrheal drugs and dietary adjustments. These preventive measures reduce the strain required to empty the bowels, thereby reducing pressure in the blood vessels and preventing swelling. Internal hemorrhoids always remain bulging or protruding and are at risk of thrombosis or strangulation in case of anal muscle spasm.

Hemorrhoids of the 1st degree are treated symptomatically. Spasm of the anal muscles is possible. Warm sitz baths, sitting in a warm bath for 20 minutes two or three times a day, can help. Avoiding spicy foods can also prevent anal itching. Over-the-counter medications may be helpful.

To prevent hemorrhoids and reduce their symptoms, follow these tips:

Eat foods high in fiber. Load up on fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. This will soften the stool and increase its volume, which will help avoid the tension that causes hemorrhoids. Add fiber to your diet slowly to avoid gas problems.
Drink plenty of fluids. Preferably, six to eight glasses of water and other liquids (not counting alcohol) per day to keep stools soft.
Consider fiber supplements. Most people don’t get enough fiber (20 to 30 grams per day) in their diet. Studies have shown that over-the-counter fiber supplements such as psyllium (Metamucil) or methylcellulose (Citrucel) improve the overall symptoms and bleeding of hemorrhoids.
Don’t stress. Tension and holding the breath while trying to defecate create increased pressure in the veins of the lower rectum.
Go to the toilet as soon as you feel the urge. If the urge passes, your stool may dry out and be harder to pass.
Do exercises. Stay active to prevent constipation and relieve pressure on your veins from prolonged standing or sitting. Exercise can also help you shed excess weight, which can contribute to the development of hemorrhoids.
Avoid prolonged sitting. Sitting too long, especially on the toilet, puts more pressure on the veins in the anus.
Take a sitz bath. A bath with warm water can reduce itching, irritation and spasm of the sphincter muscle. Pharmacies sell small plastic tubs that fit over the toilet seat, or you can sit in a regular warm tub. Most experts recommend a 20-minute sitz bath after each bowel movement (which is hard to imagine in real life), or at least two or three times a week. Try to gently blot the anal area afterwards; do not rub or rub hard. You can also use a hair dryer to dry this area.
Look for topical hemorrhoid relief. Over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams containing a local anesthetic can temporarily relieve pain. Witch hazel wipes are soothing and non-irritating. A small ice pack applied to the anal area for a few minutes can also help prevent pain. Finally, sitting on a cushion rather than on a hard surface helps reduce the swelling of existing hemorrhoids and prevents new ones from forming.

Top 5 remedies for hemorrhoids

№1 Napkins Proktolif, Moscow Pharmaceutical Factory, Russia

Napkins Proktolif – an effective and practical tool for the prevention of hemorrhoids and skin diseases. Thanks to the active ingredients, Proctoliph wipes have a wound-healing, capillary-protective and antipruritic effect and are widely used in proctology for the prevention and complex treatment of hemorrhoids. They eliminate burning, itching, pain, swelling, heal cracks.

Proctoliph wipes are also effectively used in dermatology and relieve inflammation in dermatitis of various etiologies, such as: exudative diathesis, rosacea, diaper rash; skin irritation from aggressive influences (thermal and sunburn, insect bites.

Napkins have wound-healing, capillary-protective and antipruritic action.

They prevent exacerbation and relieve inflammation of the rectum with hemorrhoids (eliminate burning, itching, pain, swelling, heal cracks).

Relieve inflammation of the skin in various dermatological diseases.

Proctoliph Hamamelis medical wipes 10 pcs. prophylaxis of hemorrhoids

Manufacturer: Moscow Pharmaceutical Factory, Russia

No.

2 Ointment for rectal and external use Relief, Bayer, Germany

Ointment with a vasoconstrictor component – phenylephrine. It is prescribed for the external manifestation of the disease, although the use of the internal variety of hemorrhoids is not excluded. The use of Relief ointment is indicated for chronic hemorrhoids and anal fissures.

The ointment has a vasoconstrictive effect by reducing the lumen of the vessels and helps to eliminate bleeding.

Relief ointment for rectal and external use tube 28.4 g

Producer: Bayer [Bayer], Greece

№3 Cream for rectal and external use Proktonis, VIS, Russia

Proktonis is a biologically active food supplement. Is not a medicine. Proctonis has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and hemostatic effect.

Normalizes the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
Relieves pain from hemorrhoids.
Eliminates flatulence.
Can be used as a mild laxative.

Proktonis cream 30 ml

Producer: VIS OOO, Russia

No. 4 Ointment for rectal and external use Posterizan, Dr. Kade GmbH, Germany

A drug with anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating effects for topical use.

Cell wall antigens and metabolic products of Escherichia coli, when in contact with the rectal mucosa and skin of the anogenital area, increase local tissue resistance to the effects of pathogenic microflora. The drug stimulates the T-system of immunity, phagocytic activity of leukocytes and cells of the reticuloendothelial system, non-specific immunity factors, reduces exudation during inflammation, normalizes the permeability and tone of blood vessels, stimulates the regeneration of damaged tissues.

Hydrocortisone, when applied topically, has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. When applied to the affected surface reduces swelling, redness, itching.

Posterisan ointment for rectal and external use 25 g

Manufacturer: Dr.