How can you treat a UTI without antibiotics. What are the most effective home remedies for urinary tract infections. Which natural treatments can help alleviate UTI symptoms. Is it possible to cure a UTI at home.

Understanding Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common health issue affecting millions of people worldwide. These infections occur when bacteria enter the urinary system, causing inflammation and discomfort. While antibiotics are the standard treatment, many people seek natural alternatives to manage symptoms and prevent recurrence.

What causes UTIs?

UTIs primarily result from bacterial invasion, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being responsible for about 90% of cases. These bacteria typically reside in the intestines but can migrate to the urinary tract, leading to infection. Factors increasing UTI risk include:

• Female anatomy (shorter urethra)
• Sexual activity
• Use of certain birth control methods
• Enlarged prostate in men
• Weakened immune system

Common UTI symptoms

Recognizing UTI symptoms early can help in prompt treatment. Common signs include:

• Burning sensation during urination
• Frequent urge to urinate
• Lower abdominal pain
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• Blood in urine
• Lower back pain

Cranberry: Nature’s UTI Fighter

Cranberries have long been associated with urinary tract health. But do they really help in treating UTIs? Research suggests that cranberries contain compounds that may prevent bacteria from adhering to the urinary tract walls, potentially reducing infection risk.

How to use cranberries for UTI prevention

To harness the potential benefits of cranberries, consider these options:

1. Unsweetened cranberry juice
2. Cranberry supplements
3. Dried cranberries

While some studies support cranberry’s efficacy, results are mixed. It’s important to note that cranberry products should not replace prescribed antibiotics for active UTIs.

Hydration: The Simplest UTI Home Remedy

Increasing fluid intake is one of the most effective and easiest ways to support urinary tract health. But how does hydration help combat UTIs?

Benefits of staying hydrated during a UTI

Proper hydration offers several advantages in managing UTIs:

• Flushes bacteria from the urinary system
• Dilutes urine, reducing irritation
• Promotes frequent urination, helping to expel bacteria
• Supports overall kidney function

Aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water daily, increasing intake if you’re experiencing UTI symptoms. Herbal teas and clear broths can also contribute to your fluid intake.

Probiotics: Balancing Urinary Tract Microbiome

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that support digestive and urinary health. Can they play a role in preventing and managing UTIs?

How probiotics influence UTI prevention

Probiotics may help combat UTIs in several ways:

• Restoring balance to the urinary tract microbiome
• Competing with harmful bacteria for resources
• Strengthening the immune system
• Producing substances that inhibit pathogen growth

Consider incorporating probiotic-rich foods like yogurt, kefir, and sauerkraut into your diet. Probiotic supplements are also available, but consult your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Vitamin C: Boosting Urinary Tract Defense

Vitamin C is renowned for its immune-boosting properties, but can it also help in the fight against UTIs?

The role of Vitamin C in UTI prevention

Vitamin C may contribute to urinary tract health by:

• Increasing urine acidity, making it less hospitable for bacteria
• Enhancing immune function
• Potentially reducing inflammation

To increase your Vitamin C intake, consume citrus fruits, berries, leafy greens, and bell peppers. Supplements are also available, but always consult your healthcare provider before starting a new supplement routine.

D-Mannose: A Natural UTI Preventive

D-Mannose is a type of sugar that has gained attention for its potential in preventing UTIs. But how effective is it, and how does it work?

Understanding D-Mannose’s mechanism of action

D-Mannose may help prevent UTIs by:

• Attaching to E. coli bacteria, preventing them from adhering to urinary tract walls
• Facilitating bacteria elimination through urination
• Potentially reducing the risk of recurrent UTIs

D-Mannose is available as a supplement and is generally considered safe. However, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before using it, especially if you have diabetes or are pregnant.

Herbal Remedies for UTI Relief

Various herbs have been traditionally used to support urinary tract health. Which ones show promise in managing UTI symptoms?

Effective herbs for UTI management

Several herbs may offer relief from UTI symptoms:

• Uva Ursi: Contains compounds with antimicrobial properties
• Garlic: Has natural antibacterial effects
• Goldenseal: May help reduce inflammation and fight bacteria
• Bearberry leaf: Traditional remedy for urinary issues

While these herbs show potential, scientific evidence is limited. Always consult a healthcare provider before using herbal remedies, especially if you’re taking medications or have underlying health conditions.

Lifestyle Changes to Prevent UTIs

Beyond remedies, certain lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risk of developing UTIs. What habits can you adopt to maintain urinary tract health?

Key lifestyle practices for UTI prevention

Incorporate these habits into your routine to minimize UTI risk:

• Urinate frequently and completely
• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet
• Urinate before and after sexual activity
• Avoid using irritating feminine products
• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Stay hydrated throughout the day

These simple changes can make a significant difference in preventing UTIs and promoting overall urinary tract health.

When to Seek Medical Attention for UTIs

While home remedies can be helpful, it’s crucial to know when professional medical care is necessary. What signs indicate that you should consult a healthcare provider?

Red flags requiring immediate medical attention

Seek medical help if you experience:

• Fever or chills
• Severe back or side pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Blood in urine
• Symptoms that persist for more than 2-3 days
• Recurrent UTIs

Remember, while home remedies can provide relief, they should not replace professional medical advice and treatment, especially for severe or recurring UTIs.

Urinary tract infections can be uncomfortable and disruptive, but with the right approach, you can manage symptoms and reduce the risk of recurrence. By incorporating these natural remedies and lifestyle changes, you can support your urinary tract health and overall well-being. However, always prioritize your health by seeking medical attention when necessary, and never hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized advice and treatment.

Can You Treat UTIs Without Antibiotics? 8 Remedies to Try

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A urinary tract infection (UTI) can knock you off your feet, causing a range of symptoms. You can use these home remedies to help manage those symptoms.

A urinary tract infection (UTI) can knock you off your feet, causing a range of symptoms like bloody urine and pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic region.

These infections are responsible for roughly 8 million doctor visits each year and are the second most common type of infection to occur in the human body. They occur more often in women but can affect men as well.

Antibiotics are required to treat UTIs and can help speed up recovery, manage symptoms, and prevent complications. If left untreated, UTIs can lead to serious complications and health problems.

In addition to using antibiotics prescribed by a healthcare professional, there are several home remedies that may help ease symptoms and prevent a recurrence.

A note on gender

We use “women” and “men” in this article to reflect the terms that have been historically used to gender people. But your gender identity may not align with how your body responds to this disease.

Your doctor can better help you understand how your specific circumstances will translate into diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment.

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A urinary tract infection is a type of infection that occurs when bacteria enter the urinary tract and multiply. This infection can affect one or more areas within the urinary tract, including the:

• urethra
• bladder
• ureters
• kidneys

Symptoms

UTIs can cause symptoms, such as:

• painful, burning sensation while urinating
• frequent urge to urinate, often producing little urine
• lower abdominal pain
• urine leakage
• cloudy or foul-smelling urine
• bloody urine
• lower back pain

If a UTI spreads to the kidneys, which is a serious infection, you may have symptoms like:

• fever
• upper back pain
• nausea and vomiting

Causes

Though UTIs can affect anyone, they’re more common in women. In fact, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases estimates that 40% to 60% of women will have at least one UTI in their lifetime.

This is because people assigned female at birth have a shorter urethra, so it’s easier for bacteria to enter their bladder.

UTIs in men are often related to an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hypertrophy) blocking the flow of urine. This allows bacteria to have an easier time occupying the urinary tract.

In almost 90% of cases, the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the cause of the UTI. E. coli is normally found inside the intestines. When confined to the intestines, it’s harmless. But sometimes, this bacterium gets into the urinary tract and causes an infection.

Sex may trigger a UTI in women. This is because intercourse can move bacteria from the anal area to near the opening of the urethra. Women can lower their risk of infection by urinating after sexual activity.

Using spermicides, diaphragms, and condoms may also raise the risk of a UTI. The risk is higher in people with a weakened immune system as well.

UTI fast facts

• UTIs are the second most common type of infection.
• E. coli is the cause of most UTIs, but viruses and other germs can also cause them.
• There are 8 million UTI-related doctor visits per year in the United States.

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Other home remedies to get rid of a UTI without antibiotics

Until there are more advancements in UTI treatment, antibiotics remain the most effective standard treatment.

Along with standard antibiotic therapy prescribed by a healthcare professional, you can try several home remedies to feel better sooner and reduce the likelihood of recurrent infections. Read on to learn about some alternative UTI treatments.

Cranberries may contain an ingredient that stops bacteria from attaching to the walls of the urinary tract.

Though research is inconclusive, some studies suggest that you might be able to reduce your risk of UTIs with cranberry products, including unsweetened cranberry juice, cranberry supplements, or dried cranberries.

But other studies have noted that the use of cranberries to prevent UTIs doesn’t produce consistent results, so more research is needed.

If you’re interested in trying cranberries to support urinary tract health, consider 365 by Whole Foods Market, Organic 100% Pure Cranberry Juice. This organic option contains no added sugar.

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Although urinating can be painful when you have a UTI, it’s important to drink as many fluids as possible — particularly water. Most adults should aim to drink between six and eight 8-ounce glasses of water per day.

The more you drink, the more you’ll urinate, which can help flush harmful bacteria from the urinary tract.

Holding your urine or ignoring the urge to urinate can allow bacteria to multiply in your urinary tract. As a rule of thumb, always use the bathroom when you feel the urge.

It’s also important to make sure you’re fully emptying your bladder when you urinate, and to always urinate after sex, especially if you have a vagina. If you do, it’s also important to wipe front to back after you urinate.

Probiotics promote healthy digestion and immunity. They also may be effective in treating and preventing UTIs when used alongside standard antibiotic therapy.

With a UTI, bad bacteria replace good bacteria in the urogenital system, especially those of one group called Lactobacillus. Probiotics can restore good bacteria and might reduce the recurrence of a UTI.

Though some research suggests that probiotics may be effective in UTI prevention and treatment, more studies are needed.

If you’re interested in trying probiotics for urinary tract health, consider Uqoura Promote Daily Probiotic supplement, a capsule designed to promote vaginal health, which in turn supports the health of the urinary tract.

Shop now at Uqora

UTI supplement options

Read our full review of Uqora, a company that focuses on developing natural supplements for UTI prevention.

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Increasing your intake of vitamin C may help boost your immune system.

But some research has found conflicting evidence for the effectiveness of vitamin C in treating UTIs, noting that not enough studies have been done to support this treatment.

If you don’t love freshly squeezed orange juice, you can add a Nature’s Bounty Vitamin C caplet to your supplement routine. Each caplet contains 1,000 milligrams of vitamin C.

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Wearing cotton-lined and loose-fitting clothing may ease symptoms of an existing UTI infection by helping to keep the area dry and clean.

Tight-fitting clothing and certain types of fabric can trap moisture that allows bacteria to grow in the genital area, which could worsen the infection.

Some older research suggests that certain contraceptives may contribute to the cause of UTIs in some women.

If you use diaphragms, spermicides, or nonlubricated condoms and get frequent UTIs, it may be worth talking with your doctor to consider other methods of birth control.

Prescription birth control can be easily obtained through online birth control services, where you can speak with a doctor to find the right option for you. These services vary in price and offerings and they can be a discreet, convenient way to get the consultation and protection you need.

Healthline’s picks for the best online birth control services

Here are some of our favorite telehealth platforms that offer birth control prescriptions and consultations:

• Nurx
• Lemonaid
• SimpleHealth

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Applying a heating pad to your lower abdomen can help ease some of the discomfort that comes with a UTI and reduce frequent trips to the bathroom that can cause painful burning.

If you’re experiencing severe pain that doesn’t let up even with at-home methods, it’s probably best to see a doctor about your symptoms.

A great heating pad option is the DMI Dry and Moist Heat Electric Heating Pad, which not only has an extra-long cord for convenience, but also features four heat options and automatic shutoff for safety.

Shop now at Amazon

Pricing guide

• $ = under $10
• $$ = $10—$30
• $$$ = over $30

Most UTIs aren’t serious if treated promptly with antibiotics. But if left untreated, the infection can spread up to the kidneys and bloodstream, and become life threatening. Kidney infections can lead to kidney damage and kidney scarring.

Symptoms of a UTI usually improve within 2 to 4 days after starting antibiotic therapy. Many doctors prescribe an antibiotic for at least 3 days.

But some UTIs don’t clear up after antibiotic therapy, which may mean that a different type of antibiotic is required.

The overuse or misuse of antibiotics can also contribute to antibiotic resistance, a growing problem that can make it more challenging to treat issues like recurrent UTIs. Because of this risk, experts have been looking for other ways to treat UTIs alongside antibiotics.

Antibiotic resistance 101

• When certain antibiotics are prescribed repeatedly, the bacteria they target can grow resistant to them.
• At least 2 million people per year in the United States contract antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

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Some research has shown that UTIs may be treated without traditional antibiotics by targeting E. coli’s surface component for adhesion, FimH.

Typically, the urinary tract flushes away bacteria when you urinate. But according to researchers, FimH can cause E. coli to firmly attach to the cells in the urinary tract, which can make it hard for the body to naturally flush the bacteria from the urinary tract.

If researchers can uncover a way to target this protein with other types of therapies, there may someday be other treatment options for UTIs, in addition to antibiotics.

D-mannose

D-mannose is a sugar that sticks to E. coli. Recently, researchers have studied the possibility of using D-mannose and other mannose-containing substances to block the binding of FimH to the lining of the urinary tract.

One 2021 review concluded that D-mannose could help reduce the incidence of recurrent UTIs and improve quality of life. More research is needed, but potentially, a medication that uses a mannose-containing substance that opposes FimH from attaching to the lining of the urinary tract could show promise for the treatment of UTIs caused by E. coli.

Researchers have also tested immune-boosting drugs, which could help urinary tract cells become more resistant to infections.

The American Urological Association (AUA) recommends vaginal estrogen as a nonantibiotic option for perimenopausal or postmenopausal women seeking to prevent recurrent infections.

Some research estimates that 25% to 42% of uncomplicated UTIs can go away on their own. This is usually only common in women with no other health issues.

But there are some serious risks that can come from leaving a UTI untreated, including pyelonephritis and sepsis. Therefore, it’s important to talk with your doctor and seek treatment if you suspect you may have a UTI.

Here are a few tips for keeping UTIs at bay.

Skip baths

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend taking showers instead of baths to help prevent UTIs. If you’re prone to frequent UTIs, you may want to swap your soothing soaks with luxurious showers.

Invest in a bidet

Wiping from front to back after going to the bathroom can help prevent the spread of bacteria to the urethra, but it can be tough to clean thoroughly with toilet paper alone. You can be clean without having to jump in the shower by installing an inexpensive bidet attachment, like the LUXE Bidet Neo 120.

A bidet isn’t just a great option for cleaning up after going number two. You can use it to freshen up after sex or while having your period.

Wash your genital area properly

Proper washing doesn’t include douching or the use of scented products. In fact, these can cause irritation and exacerbate down-there issues. Instead, choose a gentle cleanser, like Cetaphil, or wash with water alone.

Drink lots of water

The same advice for treating a UTI goes for preventing one. Drinking plenty of water on a regular basis helps flush out nasty bacteria that can lead to infections.

UTIs are painful. But with antibiotic treatment, you can address the infection and stop the pain. Talk with your doctor if you have symptoms of a UTI. With proper treatment, you should begin to feel better in a few days.

Take your antibiotics as instructed — even after your symptoms improve — to prevent complications or a secondary infection.

If the UTI doesn’t resolve after antibiotic treatment or you end up with multiple episodes of a UTI, your doctor will likely do further testing.

This could be in the form of:

• a repeat urine culture
• urinary tract ultrasound
• plain film X-ray
• CT scan
• cystoscopy
• urodynamic testing

You may be referred to a urologist, depending on the severity of your UTI, or if you have chronic infections.

Certain strains of bacteria can cause UTIs. They can range from mild to severe. The degree of severity depends on multiple factors, including:

• your immune system status
• the bacterium causing the UTI
• where in your urinary tract the UTI is happening

Your doctor will be able to provide you with an evaluation tailored to your needs in order to make the right diagnosis and determine the proper therapy.

If you need help finding a primary care doctor, then check out our FindCare tool here.

Can UTIs go away on their own?

Research estimates that 25% to 42% of uncomplicated UTIs in women can go away on their own.

But keep in mind that there are risks associated with leaving UTIs untreated, so it’s important to seek treatment from a healthcare professional if you suspect you have a UTI.

Do you need to see a doctor to get antibiotics for a UTI?

You need to speak with your doctor or a licensed medical professional to be prescribed antibiotics for a UTI. This can usually be done in person, at the doctor, or over the phone.

If this is your first UTI or your symptoms are severe, it may be helpful to get treated in person. You may also want to consider an in-person visit with your healthcare professional to rule out sexually transmitted infections (STIs) if you’re sexually active or have several sexual partners.

How long do UTIs last?

With antibiotic treatment, symptoms of a UTI typically improve within 2 to 4 days.

But this can vary depending on many factors, including how quickly you receive treatment, the severity of your infection, and whether any complications arise.

Keep in mind that the course of antibiotics should be completed for UTI symptoms to completely resolve and prevent recurrent infections.

What’s the fastest way to get rid of a UTI?

Antibiotics are the fastest and most effective method for treating bacterial UTIs.

How long does it take for a UTI to go away without antibiotics?

Sometimes, UTIs clear up on their own. It can take about a week for symptoms to subside.

What’s the most effective home remedy for a UTI?

There’s limited research on the effectiveness of UTI home remedies. If you’re experiencing symptoms of a UTI, especially if they’re severe, it’s important to consult with a doctor.

Do you need an antibiotic to get rid of chronic UTIs?

A short course of antibiotics is typically the first-line treatment for UTIs. But for chronic infections, a doctor might prescribe a long-term, low dose antibiotic.

UTIs can be very common. If you suspect you may have a UTI or are experiencing any symptoms, try these home remedies to alleviate any symptoms you’re experiencing. If they don’t get better or the symptoms seem worse, be sure to speak with your doctor to get a proper diagnosis and be prescribed antibiotics.

9 home remedies for UTIs: How to get rid of bladder infections

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Published May 9, 2022

Urinary tract infections in women are extremely common. Not only is the urethra short; the close proximity to the vagina and anus (both of which aren’t meant to be sterile) makes it prone to infection. And because urinary tract infections occur so easily, questions about them do too. Here is some clarification about them to help dispel myths.

Symptoms of a UTI

These symptoms are comon for normal UTIs – an acute, uncomplicated bladder infection. A urine sample can diagnose a UTI and antibiotics can treat them. 

Symptoms include:

• Frequent urination
• Pain while voiding (peeing)
• Bloody or cloudy urine
• A feeling of needing to void all the time

What symptoms are concerning?

The urinary tract also includes the ureters and kidneys. If the kidneys get infected, that can mean fever, back or flank pain, nausea and vomiting, or other signs of whole-body illness. Kidney infection can lead to sepsis quickly and should not be ignored.

Antibiotics for UTIs that are more frequent

Women with recurrent UTIs can use antibiotics. Recurrent means two or more UTIs in six months or three or more in 12 months. 

Three proven antibiotic methods to prevent or treat recurrent UTIs include:

1. One pill after sex
2. Antibiotic refills for when symptoms come
3. A small dose every day

How to prevent UTIs: Home remedies that work

Some home remedies for UTIs really do work, like drinking more water, changing your birth control method and using vaginal estrogen.  

1. Drinking enough water. In a study of premenopausal women with recurrent UTIs, drinking 1.5 liters more than they usually did decreased UTI occurrence by half. Literally rinsing out the bacteria prevents it from taking hold as often. One and a half liters is about 50 ounces of water, so drink up.
2. Check your birth control method. Spermicides, diaphragms and condoms with spermicides on them all contribute to more UTIs than when women use other methods. Other methods don’t add to UTI frequency or severity. Read about the pros and cons of various birth control methods.
3. Vaginal estrogen for postmenopausal women. After menopause, the vulvar skin thins, the pH of the vagina rises (becomes more neutral) and the risk of bladder infection gets much higher. Vaginal estrogen helps reverse those changes and certainly reduces the frequency of recurrent UTIs. If you’re interested in starting vaginal estrogen, call 800.922. 0000 to make an appointment with your OB-GYN. 

Unproven home remedies (or waiting for more evidence)

There’s not enough scientific evidence to support the following UTI methods – although many of them don’t hurt.

1. Cranberry juice. The active ingredient in cranberry is supposed to bind to the wall of the bladder in the same way that bacteria can, blocking the bacteria from catching hold. Unfortunately, when the studies are put together, it doesn’t really work at preventing infection, and it definitely doesn’t help the body fight bacteria that has already established an infection. So drink cranberry juice if you like it, but not as a prevention or treatment of bladder infections.
2. Peeing (or voiding) after sex. Peeing after intercourse has long been taught, but it has never actually been studied. We know that sex can push bacteria into the urethra. We also know that it can irritate the female urethra, even without the bacteria. Voiding after sex to push out bacteria is likely helpful, and certainly isn’t harmful, but it has never been proven.
3. Hygiene. We have long taught girls to wipe from front to back, but again, this has never been studied. Common sense certainly says that directly applying bacteria to the urethra is a bad idea.
4. D-mannose. This is a naturally occurring sugar that has the same hope as cranberry juice: to bind to the bladder wall so that bacteria can’t, all while not causing other trouble. This is more promising, and studies are in progress to prove whether this will work and at what dose. So far, it’s too early to say for sure.
5. Probiotics. Probiotics may help in other ways, but they don’t help for bladder infection prevention. And they definitely don’t help with the treatment of an existing infection.
6. Methenamine salts. In the urine, these are turned into formaldehyde, which is believed to help kill bacteria. This hasn’t been proven in large-scale studies and its safety hasn’t been proven over time yet. Still, the early data is promising, and studies are underway.

UTIs are uncomfortable and inconvenient, but the good news is they’re treatable. 

If you’ve tried a home remedy that didn’t work, or you want to skip straight to a proven treatment of antibiotics, see your OB-GYN. We deal with these types of concerns all the time and can help you feel better in no time. 

Dealing with a UTI?
UTIs are treatable. Call 800.922.0000 to make an OB-GYN appointment.

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Urinary tract infection and the role of phytopreparations in its complex therapy | #03/15

Urinary tract infection (UTI; synonyms: infection of the urinary system, urinary tract infection) is a collective term for an infectious and inflammatory process in the urinary system without specifying its location and nature of the course. By localization, infection of the lower urinary tract (cystitis, urethritis) and upper urinary tract (pyelonephritis, abscess and carbuncle of the kidney, apostematous pyelonephritis) are distinguished.

According to the nature of the course, UTIs are divided into uncomplicated and complicated. Uncomplicated UTI develops, as a rule, in people without obstructive uropathy and structural changes in the kidneys and urinary tract, in the absence of underlying diseases. Complicated infections occur in patients with obstructive uropathy, urolithiasis, polycystic kidney disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), against the background of bladder catheterization and / or instrumental (invasive) research methods, as well as in patients with concomitant diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. diabetes, gout, other metabolic disorders.

According to the occurrence, community-acquired (occurring on an outpatient basis) and nosocomial (developing after 48 hours of the patient’s stay in the hospital) UTIs are distinguished. At least 40% of all nosocomial infections are caused by UTI, caused in most cases by bladder catheterization [1-3].

UTIs are often subdivided into afebrile (predominantly lower urinary tract infection), febrile (predominantly upper urinary tract infection), and asymptomatic bacteriuria (AS) depending on the severity of the clinical manifestations. BD is a bacteriological diagnosis that is established by examining urine collected with the maximum observance of sterility and delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible. According to the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), BD is isolated bacteriuria in a urine sample obtained under conditions that exclude contamination and in the absence of symptoms of a urinary infection [4]. Diagnosis of BD can be established:

• if in two consecutive urine tests in women without clinical signs of UTI, the same strain of microorganisms is isolated in an amount of ≥ 10 ⁵ CFU / ml;
• if a bacterial strain in the amount of ≥ 10 ⁵ CFU / ml is isolated once in the analysis of urine in men without UTI symptoms;
• if in the analysis of urine obtained during catheterization, both in men and women, a bacterial strain is isolated in an amount of ≥ 10 ² CFU / ml.

UTI ranks second in the structure of infectious morbidity, second only to respiratory infections. In the adult population, women are 30 to 50 times more likely than men to suffer from a UTI, and up to 60% of women experience an episode of UTI during their lifetime. In every fourth patient of this age group, UTI recurs within a year [5]. In the elderly and senile age, the frequency of UTIs in women and men is gradually compared, due to the development of almost 100% BPH, which disrupts urodynamics. In general, UTIs, including pyelonephritis, are significantly more common in women than in men. The prevalence of UTIs in the pediatric population is 20–22 cases per 1000 children, and over the age of one year of life, girls are ten times more common than boys.

In the structure of nosocomial infections, the share of UTIs can reach 40%.

Etiology

The main causative agents of UTIs are gram-negative bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae , and of them predominantly Escherichia coli (E. coli) . In uncomplicated UTIs, E. coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae family account for up to 90–95% of all cases, while in complicated UTIs, the proportion of Escherichia coli in the etiological structure decreases to 30–50% and is much more common Proteus spp. , Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp. , fungi (predominantly Candida albicans ). A feature of complicated UTIs is a large proportion of microbial associations in the etiological structure (Table 1).

Treatment of UTI

The mainstay of treatment for UTIs is antibiotic therapy. As with other bacterial infections, antibiotic susceptibility is critical to the choice of drug for empiric treatment of UTIs. Uncomplicated UTIs are best treated.

One of the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of UTIs are fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, etc.), which are indicated in many international guidelines as drugs of choice in the treatment of UTIs. However, at present, there is a rapid increase in the resistance of uropathogenic E. coli to drugs of this group. It is believed that when the level of resistance in the population is more than 10%, restrictions are introduced on the use of drugs. In Russia, the level of resistance of uropathogenic E. coli to fluoroquinolones, according to various studies, ranges from 4.3% to 12.9%, averaging about 7–8% [1, 2, 6, 7].

For the treatment of UTIs in pregnant women and children, as well as in other categories of patients with intolerance to fluoroquinolones, the drugs of choice are amoxicillin/clavulanate, II–III generation cephalosporins, fosfomycin trometamol, and nitrofurantoin [8]. The advantage of using amoxicillin/clavulanate is not only its high activity against E. coli (the level of resistance is lower than to fluoroquinolones), but also the absence of teratogenic effects, which makes it possible to use it in the first trimester of pregnancy [9, 10].

The efficacy and safety of the use of third-generation cephalosporins in children and pregnant women in the treatment of uncomplicated and complicated UTIs has been proven [7]. A distinctive feature of III generation cephalosporins is their high activity against microorganisms of the family Enterobacteriaceae , resistance to the action of beta-lactamases, long half-life [11].

The use of nalidixic acid and nitrofurantoins has certain disadvantages due to the need to use these drugs 3–4 times a day, as well as the weak activity of nitrofurantoin against Proteus spp., and nalidixic acid against S. saprophyticus [12].

The duration of antibiotic therapy depends on the characteristics of the UTI. As a rule, in the absence of risk factors, antibiotic therapy is prescribed for 3–5 days for acute lower urinary tract infections, for 10–14 days for upper urinary tract infections. In acute complicated UTI or in the presence of risk factors, the same antimicrobials are used as in uncomplicated UTI, but the duration of therapy is increased to 7–14 or more days [13].

A feature of the treatment of UTIs in childhood is a longer, compared with adults, antibiotic therapy with a mandatory course of anti-relapse treatment.

An important problem in the treatment of both complicated and uncomplicated UTIs is antibiotic resistance. Thus, there is a high frequency of resistance of community-acquired strains E. coli to ampicillin (uncomplicated infections – 37%, complicated – 46%) and co-trimoxazole (uncomplicated infections – 21%, complicated – 30%), so these drugs are not recommended. as drugs of choice for the treatment of UTIs [8]. In addition, microorganisms that have colonized the uroepithelium are able to produce polymeric substances, creating a biofilm, inside which the entry of antibiotics and mucosal protection factors is difficult. This allows them to “escape” the immune response and largely determines resistance to antibacterial drugs [14, 15].

Therefore, despite the success in the creation of new antibacterial drugs, the treatment of UTI, especially complicated and recurrent, remains an urgent task, often requiring in its decision the appointment of a combination of drugs or their sequential change, long anti-relapse courses. This inevitably leads to an increase in the incidence of adverse drug reactions to therapy, and also forms a vicious circle, since frequent and prolonged use of antibiotics leads to an increase in the population of microflora resistant to them.

In recent decades, there has been a revival of significant interest in herbal medicine as a component of the complex treatment of UTIs. Medicinal properties of plants were well known to ancient doctors; traditional medicine of almost all peoples and countries uses them to treat various diseases. The action of phytopreparations in the framework of modern research is presented to us in a new light, primarily from the point of view of overcoming antibiotic resistance and the ability to destroy microbial biofilm on the mucous membrane of the urinary tract.

In the complex therapy of UTI, phytopreparations are used that have anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and hemostatic effects, which is important in the development of hematuria.

Herbal preparations can be used as separate infusions or herbal preparations. Components of various plants are also included in the composition of factory drugs.

The most widely used medicinal plants for UTI are presented in Table. 2 and are also described below [16, 17].

Goldenrod (life-giving herb, core) is widely used in folk medicine in various countries. In Germany, goldenrod infusion is recommended primarily for chronic inflammatory diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, crystalluria and urolithiasis, as a diuretic. Goldenrod herb preparations have a hypoazotemic effect. Goldenrod grass contains flavonoids, saponins, organic acids and essential oil, which contribute to the destruction of bacterial cell membranes, carotene, ascorbic and nicotinic acids.

Bearberry (bear ears) – contains arbutin, which is broken down in the body into hydroquinone (an antiseptic that has an antibacterial effect in the urinary tract) and glucose. It is used in the form of decoctions (30 g per 500 ml), 2 tablespoons 5-6 times a day. Bearberry acts in an alkaline environment, so the decoction should be combined with the ingestion of alkaline mineral waters (“Borjomi”), soda solutions. For alkalization of urine, apples, pears, raspberries are used.

Horsetail – has anti-inflammatory, diuretic and hemostatic effect. It is used for UTI, crystalluria and urolithiasis. Due to the high content of silicon compounds, decoctions, infusions and extracts of horsetail have a pronounced healing and vascular strengthening effect, promote the dissolution of salt crystals in the urine, and accelerate the excretion of lead from the body.

Lingonberry leaves – have antimicrobial and diuretic effects. The latter is due to the presence of hydroquinone in lingonberry leaves. It is used as a decoction (2 tablespoons per 1.5 cups of water). Assigned to 2 tablespoons 5-6 times a day. Also, like bearberry, it works better in an alkaline environment.

Highlander bird (knotweed) – contains avicularin glycoside, tannins, essential oil, carotene, ascorbic acid. It is used as a diuretic, hemostatic and astringent. It has an antispasmodic effect on the urinary tract. It is widely used in folk medicine and is part of various fees.

Parsley garden – rich in flavonoids and essential oils. It has a direct effect on the renal tubules, due to which a diuretic effect is achieved. It has an antispasmodic effect on the smooth muscles of the urinary tract and blood vessels.

Lovage officinalis (love potion) – for medical purposes, mainly the roots of the plant are used. Contains essential oils, organic acids, coumarin, tannins. It has a pronounced diuretic and antibacterial effect. It is used for inflammation of the urinary tract, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. As a rule, it is part of combined preparations and fees.

Creeping wheat grass – contains essential oils, saponins, inulin, ascorbic acid, carotene. It has a diuretic effect due to inulin, essential oil provides antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects.

Cranberry juice, fruit drink (contains sodium benzoate) – has an antiseptic effect (the synthesis in the liver of hippuric acid from benzoate increases, which, excreted in the urine, causes a bacteriostatic effect). Take 2-4 glasses a day.

Pine forest – essential (turpentine) oil of pine has a pronounced bactericidal, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effect.

For chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections, various herbal preparations are used. They are prescribed, as a rule, for a long period, with alternating mainly bactericidal and diuretic fees. However, self-treatment with medicinal plants is fraught with some dangers. The components of many medicinal plants in large doses can be potentially poisonous, have a pathological effect on the functioning of individual organs. Therefore, from the point of view of safety in the complex treatment of UTIs, preference is given to factory-made drugs, the correct dosage of which ensures high efficiency while maintaining complete safety.

One of the most widely used herbal remedies for the treatment of UTIs is Phytolysin. Phytolysin contains an extract of a mixture of plants (goldenrod, horsetail, wheatgrass, knotweed, birch leaves, lovage, wheatgrass, parsley, sage oil, mint, pine and orange, fenugreek seeds), due to which it has a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic effect, reduces crystal formation , promotes the dissolution of crystals and calculi and their excretion in the urine.

The drug is in the form of a paste for the preparation of a suspension, which makes it easy to dose and use. Adults are prescribed inside 1 teaspoon of paste, dissolved in 1/2 cup of warm sweet water, 3-4 times a day after meals. Phytolysin can be used in the complex treatment of UTI together with antibiotics or after their use at the stage of anti-relapse therapy. The drug is widely used as a prophylactic for chronic inflammation of the urinary tract. The course of therapy with Phytolysin is 2-6 weeks and, if necessary, can be extended.

The effectiveness of medicinal plants in the treatment of UTIs has been proven by the centuries-old experience of the peoples of the world. Modern combined phytopreparations, such as Phytolysin, occupy an important place in the complex therapy of UTIs and make it possible to increase the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy by overcoming the resistance of the pathogen to antibiotics, reduce antibiotic therapy courses, and reduce the frequency of adverse drug reactions to their use.

Literature

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A. V. Malkoch ¹ , Candidate of Medical Sciences
N. N. Filatova, PhD
GBOU DPO RMAPO Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow

¹ Contact information: [email protected]

Treatment of cystitis at home with folk remedies

Cystitis is an extremely unpleasant condition, accompanied by a rather severe burning sensation and pain after urination. In addition, it disrupts normal sleep, forcing you to get up several times a night, prevents you from concentrating on work and deprives you of the joy of your sex life. It is clear that many people seek to get rid of these negative feelings as soon as possible and take independent measures in an effort to defeat cystitis. Treatment at home, started as early as possible, can indeed reduce unpleasant symptoms, but it is impossible to completely cope with the disease without the guidance of an experienced doctor.

An additional remedy to overcome cystitis – treatment of folk methods

The following simple recommendations will help alleviate the condition of the body and reduce pain symptoms: You can put a heating pad on the suprapubic area and / or take warm sitz baths. It is important to monitor nutrition: spicy seasonings, marinades, preservatives should be excluded. It is better to drink tea with milk. The patient should be provided with rest and bed rest, because high fever often accompanies cystitis. Treatment with folk remedies also includes one rather interesting recipe. The red brick must be split into two parts. These halves are heated on fire and immediately placed in an empty bucket, the edges of which are covered with a rag. Having taken off the linen, they sit on a bucket, wrap themselves in a blanket and sit like that until the heat from the brick comes out. Then they immediately go to bed. Some improvement occurs after two procedures.

Alternative treatment of cystitis with herbs

The use of medicinal herbs is based on their anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, detoxifying and diuretic effects. As an example, we can offer a collection – calamus marsh (root), lingonberry (leaf), common oak (bark), St. ), knotweed (grass), marsh cudweed (grass), thyme (grass), wild rose (crushed fruits). There are many options for fees and you can choose the most suitable for yourself. Despite the enormous benefits of herbal medicine in the treatment of cystitis in men and women, its role should not be overestimated. The main means of combating cystitis is antibiotics, selected by the doctor, taking into account the course of the disease and the characteristics of the body. And the treatment of cystitis with herbs is an excellent auxiliary method.

Possible complications of cystitis

If your home treatment of cystitis was successful and all the unpleasant symptoms disappeared, this does not mean that the disease has receded completely.