100/45 blood pressure – is it good or bad?

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Maintaining a healthy blood pressure throughout your life is one of the most important things you can do for long-term health and longevity. Whether you’re looking up a blood pressure of 100/45 for yourself or a loved one or simply out of your own curiosity, you’re taking the right steps by being informed and empowering yourself or someone else to be their own best advocate.

According to the American Heart Association, a blood pressure reading of 100/45 would be considered
hypotension, or low blood pressure. Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is defined by a systolic reading (the top number) of less than 90 or a diastolic reading (the bottom number) of less than 60. Low blood pressure generally isn’t considered an issue unless it causes symptoms (such as dizziness, light-headedness, or fainting) or unless it drops suddenly.

Okay, now you know how to classify a blood pressure of 100/45, but now what do you do with that information? Read on to learn more or look up another blood pressure reading.

What is a good blood pressure reading?

According to the American Heart Association, a normal blood pressure reading is lower than 120/80. While there is no specific number for low blood pressure, most experts say blood pressure is too low when it causes symptoms or drops suddenly. In general, though, low blood pressure can be considered anything under 90/60.

More information about a blood pressure reading of 100/45

A blood pressure reading of 100/45 is pronounced “100 over 45.” You may also see it written colloquially as 100/45 bp.

In a blood pressure reading of 100/45, 100 is called the systolic number and 45 is called the diastolic number. Systolic refers to the part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries, and diastolic refers to the part of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood. You may also hear the systolic and diastolic numbers referred to as the top number and the bottom number.

Systolic and diastolic readings are measured in mmHg, which is a unit of pressure equal to the pressure that can support a column of mercury 1 millimeter high. Hg is the chemical symbol for mercury. For a blood pressure reading of 100/45, you would pronounce it “100 over 45 millimeters of mercury.”

How do you measure blood pressure?

In a doctor’s office, blood pressure is traditionally taken manually by a doctor or nurse with a sphygmomanometer. A sphygmomanometer is a medical instrument with an inflatable cuff and pressure meter or dial. The sphygmomanometer is placed snugly around the upper arm and is inflated by hand, and the doctor or nurse listens to the brachial artery with a stethoscope as they gradually reduce the pressure of the cuff. When the whooshing sound of blood is first heard through the stethoscope, the doctor or nurse makes note of the reading on the pressure meter. This indicates the systolic blood pressure reading. When the sound disappears, the reading on the pressure meter indicates the diastolic pressure reading.

Blood pressure can also be taken at home using a number of a digital devices. They typically consist of an inflatable cuff and digital display and simply work by placing the cuff around the upper arm and pressing a button, after which the cuff inflatess, deflates, and displays a reading. The most popular blood pressure machines for home use are made by Omron, Beurer, and Paramed, amongst many others.

One thing to keep in mind is that blood pressure can vary by time of day and activity level, so if you’re taking it at home it’s important to check it around the same time each day and rest for a few minutes ahead of time to limit as many variables as possible. It can also be affected by eating.

Blood pressure tends to rise in the hours before waking and then drop in the afternoon and evening before dropping to its lowest point while sleeping, so one popular recommendation is to check it just after waking up and just before bed to identify trends in how it varies from morning until night. Because of this, you might find that if your blood pressure is 100/45 in the morning, it might be lower before bed, and vice versa. Of course, these are just general rules of thumb and may vary by the individual.

Relevant HSA expenses

If you have an HSA as part of your health insurance plan, you’ll be pleased to find that blood pressure monitors, blood pressure cuffs, and wrist blood pressure monitors are all eligible, including smart blood pressure monitors like the offerings from Qardio and Withings.

How the heck do you pronounce sphygmomanometer?

Sphygmomanometer is pronounced sfig-moh-muh-‘nah-mi-ter. Easy!

Explore blood pressure readings similar to 100/45

The following table shows related blood pressure readings because sometimes just one number can make all the difference.

Please note that if a field is blank, it’s not an accident—it simply means a record doesn’t exist for that particular blood pressure. This could be because going forward or backward would create a blood pressure reading that wouldn’t make sense, or because that blood pressure simply doesn’t exist in our records.

Sources

• Understanding blood pressure readings – American Heart Association
• High blood pressure – Mayo Clinic
• Get the most out of home blood pressure monitoring – Mayo Clinic
• Blood pressure – Wikipedia
• How to pronounce sphygmomanometer – Dictionary.com

Disclaimer

The information on this page is intended to be an educational reference and is not to be taken as medical advice. If you think you’re having a hypertensive or hypotensive emergency, or if you’re having any kind of medical emergency, please call 911 immediately.

Low Diastolic Blood Pressure: Symptoms, Causes, and More

Low diastolic blood pressure decreases blood flow to your heart. Very low levels may cause symptoms of heart failure.

Your blood pressure is the force inside your blood vessels when your heart beats and relaxes. This force is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and is represented as two numbers.

The upper number, called your systolic pressure, is measured when your heart beats. The lower number, called your diastolic pressure, is measured when your heart relaxes between beats.

High blood pressure can increase your risk of heart disease or stroke, but low blood pressure can also be a problem.

The medical term for low blood pressure is hypotension. If you have hypotension, your systolic pressure measurement is under 90 mm Hg and your diastolic number is under 60 mm Hg. Doctors have started to raise concerns specifically about diastolic blood pressure below 60.

Some people can have low diastolic pressure even when their systolic pressure is typical. This condition is called isolated diastolic hypotension. Low diastolic blood pressure may be particularly dangerous for your heart.

Unlike the rest of your body, which receives blood when your heart pumps, the muscles of your heart receive blood when your heart relaxes.

If your diastolic blood pressure is too low, your heart muscles won’t get enough oxygenated blood. This can lead to weakening of your heart, a condition called diastolic heart failure.

You may be at higher risk of this type of heart failure if you have coronary heart disease, which is narrowing of your heart arteries.

Symptoms of isolated diastolic hypotension include tiredness, dizziness, and falls.

Because low diastolic pressure decreases blood flow to your heart, you may also have chest pain (angina) or symptoms of heart failure, including:

• shortness of breath
• swelling of your feet or ankles
• confusion
• heart palpitations

Medical emergency

Call 911 and go to the nearest emergency room if you have chest pain or difficulty breathing.

Symptoms of low diastolic blood pressure and low systolic blood pressure

Symptoms of low diastolic blood pressure along with low systolic blood pressure (hypotension) include:

• dizziness
• fainting (syncope)
• frequent falls
• tiredness
• nausea
• blurred vision

Seek medical attention if you have any of these symptoms.

Causes of diastolic hypotension by itself

There are three known causes of isolated diastolic hypotension:

Medications

• Alpha-blocker medications. These blood pressure medications work by causing your blood vessels to open up (dilate). Because they lower diastolic pressure more than systolic pressure, they may cause isolated diastolic hypotension. Common brand names include Minipress and Cardura.

Lifestyle

• Aging. As we age, we lose the elasticity of our arteries. For some older adults, arteries may become too stiff to spring back between heartbeats, causing diastolic blood pressure to be low.

Causes of overall low blood pressure

There are several common causes of overall hypotension, which would include a low diastolic number.

Medications

• Overtreatment of high blood pressure. For some people, especially people over age 60, lowering systolic blood pressure below 120 may cause diastolic pressure to fall below 60.
• Other medications. Many medications besides those for blood pressure can cause hypotension. They include:
  • water pills (diuretics)
  • Parkinson’s disease medications
  • antidepressants
  • drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction

Medical conditions

• Heart problems. Heart valve problems, heart failure, and a very slow heart rate (bradycardia) can lead to hypotension.
• Dehydration. If you don’t take in enough fluids, your blood pressure can fall dangerously low. This may happen if you’re taking a diuretic and lose more fluids than you take in.

Treatment for low diastolic blood pressure largely depends on the type of hypotension. Your doctor will assess this closely to determine the appropriate treatment plan.

Isolated diastolic hypotension

Treating isolated diastolic hypotension is more difficult than treating general hypotension. If you’re taking an alpha-blocker, your doctor can prescribe a different high blood pressure medication.

If you have isolated low diastolic pressure and you’re not on blood pressure medication, the only option may be to see your doctor more frequently for checkups and to watch for symptoms of heart failure.

Currently, there’s not any medication available to treat isolated diastolic hypotension.

General hypotension

Treatment of general hypotension depends on the cause.

Overtreatment of high blood pressure can be managed by adjusting or changing medications. The goal is to keep the diastolic blood pressure between 60 and 90 mm Hg. Your doctor may also change other medications that cause hypotension.

Dehydration can be treated with fluid replacement. In some cases, you may need medications that increase blood pressure.

Low diastolic blood pressure doesn’t always lead to a larger health problem. But in some cases, the effects of low diastolic blood pressure can be long lasting and potentially life threatening if left untreated.

Complications of low diastolic blood pressure include:

Risk of injury from falls

If your blood pressure is low enough, the drop can cause symptoms such as fainting or dizziness.

This causes a significant risk of falling since you’re not conscious to stop the fall. Additionally, you’re not aware of how badly you’ve injured yourself during a fainting spell. This can lead to serious injuries, such as head trauma from hitting your head.

Heart tissue damage and heart disease

Researchers have found a link between low diastolic blood pressure and heart damage.

A 2016 study that lasted more than 3 decades and involved more than 11,000 people found that a diastolic blood pressure below 60 mm Hg is dangerous.

People with this level are 50 percent more likely to have heart damage. This is compared with those who have a low diastolic pressure level between 80 and 89 mm Hg.

Heart disease is another concern. The same study found that those with low diastolic blood pressure were 49 percent more likely to develop heart disease.

There are some things you can do to help prevent and manage low diastolic pressure:

• Try to keep your salt intake to between 1. 5 and 4 grams per day. An ideal number is about 3.5 grams. Read food labels to avoid added salt in your diet.
• Eat a heart-healthy diet. This diet includes plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. For protein, stick to lean meats and fish. Avoid fatty foods.
• Drink enough fluids and avoid alcohol, which can increase your risk of dehydration.
• Stay physically active and start an exercise program. Ask your doctor what type and amount of exercise is safe for you.
• Maintain a moderate weight. If you’re overweight, your doctor can help you create a safe weight loss plan.
• If you smoke, quit. Quitting can be difficult, so consider reaching out for support.

Hypotension can be dangerous because it’s a frequent cause of falls. Isolated diastolic hypotension can be especially dangerous because it can decrease blood flow to your heart.

You may be at higher risk of low blood pressure if you have coronary artery disease. Over time, isolated diastolic hypotension can cause heart failure. In fact, it may be one of the most common causes of heart failure.

Pay attention to your diastolic number when you have your blood pressure checked. If your lower number is 60 or below, ask a healthcare professional about it.

Let a doctor know if you have any symptoms of hypotension or heart failure. In many cases, switching medications along with making lifestyle changes can help. A doctor may want to follow you more closely to ensure your diastolic pressure stays above 60.

reasons and how to act with such indicators

Content

• 1 Pressure 140 over 100: what does it mean, causes and effective measures to normalize indicators
  • 1.1 What is pressure and how it is measured
  • 1.2 Normal pressure indicators 9000 8
  • 1.3 Why is the pressure rising?
  • 1.4 Symptoms of high blood pressure
  • 1.5 How can you confirm that you have high blood pressure?
  • 1.6 What to do with high blood pressure
  • 1.7 High blood pressure diet: eating right for heart health
    • 1. 7.1 What to include in your diet:
    • 1.7.2 What to avoid:
  • 1.8 Medications that can help lower blood pressure

  90 005 1.9 What exercise helps lower blood pressure

  • 1.10 When to see a doctor for high blood pressure
  • 1.11 Prevention of high blood pressure
  • 1.12 Related videos:
  • 1.13 Q&A:
    • • 1.13.0.1 What causes an increase in blood pressure to 140 over 100?
      • 1.13.0.2 What symptoms can accompany a pressure of 140 over 100?
      • 1.13.0.3 Can a self-measured pressure of 140 over 100 be wrong?
      • 1.13.0.4 What measures can be taken in case of high blood pressure?
      • 1.13.0.5 Is it possible to reduce the pressure of 140 over 100 without drugs?
      • 1.13.0.6 What are the consequences of a pressure of 140 over 100 if no action is taken?

Find out what pressure of 140 over 100 means, what are the reasons for its increase and what measures should be taken with such indicators in order to avoid serious consequences for your health. Tips and tricks in our article.

High blood pressure is one of the most common problems among people over 40 years of age. However, hypertension can often develop earlier, especially if there are risk factors such as obesity, smoking, heredity.

If, when measuring pressure, the readings are 140 over 100, this indicates the presence of hypertension of the 1st degree. Of course, each person has an individual pressure response threshold, but in general, high pressure indicates that the heart and blood vessels are working under a lot of stress. If this condition is ignored for a long time, then serious consequences can occur, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic heart failure, etc.

But not in all cases, the cause of high blood pressure is pathology. It happens that it increases with severe stress, intense physical activity, or the presence of fatty, fried, salty foods in the diet.

Therefore, you need to pay attention to your lifestyle, analyze your diet and level of physical activity. In case of persistent high blood pressure, it is recommended to consult a doctor to diagnose the condition of the cardiovascular system and draw up an individual treatment plan.

What is pressure and how is it measured

Pressure is the force exerted by a liquid or gas on a surface. It is one of the most important indicators of the state of our body.

Blood pressure is measured using a special device – a tonometer. Two indicators are usually measured: upper (systolic) and lower (diastolic) pressure.

Upper pressure reflects the contraction of the heart muscle and the pressure that the blood creates on the walls of the arteries during systole. It is measured by the first digit in the reading of the tonometer.

Lower pressure indicates the pressure that blood exerts on the walls of the arteries during diastole, when the heart is relaxed and filled with blood. It is measured by the second digit in the reading of the tonometer.

Normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. Art. However, the indicators can be different for different people and depend on many factors.

If you get a reading of 140 over 100 when measuring your blood pressure, this indicates high blood pressure, which can be dangerous to your health. With such indicators, it is necessary to consult a specialist and take measures to normalize the pressure.

Normal pressure readings

An adult has an optimal pressure, which is 120 to 80 mm Hg. Art. However, each person has their own individual indicators, which may differ slightly from the average.

Upper pressure (systolic) should be between 90 and 139 mmHg. Art., and the lower (diastolic) – from 60 to 89 mm Hg. Art. If the indicators are outside this range, you should consult a doctor and determine the cause.

• 120 by 80 mmHg Art. – the most optimal pressure indicators for an adult.
• 90-139 mmHg Art. – upper (systolic) pressure indicator.
• 60-89 mmHg Art. – lower (diastolic) pressure indicator.

Regular blood pressure measurements can help detect changes in indicators and provide early warning of possible health problems.

Why does the pressure increase?

An increase in pressure can be caused by various factors:

1. Wrong lifestyle: Frequent alcohol consumption, smoking, lack of physical activity and unhealthy diet lead to high blood pressure.
2. Heredity: people who have close relatives with high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing hypertension.
3. Stress: Prolonged exposure to stress can lead to high blood pressure.
4. Diseases: Hypertension can be a symptom of certain diseases, such as kidney disorders, endocrine disorders, atherosclerosis.

High blood pressure can lead to serious complications such as stroke, heart attack, kidney damage and other diseases. If symptoms of hypertension appear (dizziness, tinnitus, frequent headaches), you should immediately consult a doctor. To protect yourself from high blood pressure will help the correct lifestyle (refusal of bad habits, healthy eating and regular exercise), weight control and regular measurement of blood pressure. Drugs prescribed by a doctor will help lower blood pressure and prevent complications.

Symptoms of high blood pressure

High blood pressure is a condition in which blood presses too hard on the walls of blood vessels. This can cause many unpleasant symptoms:

• Headache. A feeling of heaviness, throbbing pain in the occipital or temporal region is one of the most common signs of high blood pressure.
• Dizziness. Increased pressure causes less oxygen to reach the brain, which can cause dizziness and loss of coordination.
• Pinching in the chest. With increased pressure, the heart may work too hard, as if trying to break through the chest.
• Visual disturbances. Increased pressure can cause a variety of vision problems, from enlarged pupils and blurring to the appearance of “flies” before the eyes.
• Brief loss of consciousness. In extreme cases, high blood pressure can lead to loss of consciousness.

If you experience these symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor to determine the cause of high blood pressure and prescribe appropriate treatment.

How to confirm the presence of high blood pressure?

Diagnosis of high blood pressure is an important criterion for preventing cardiovascular complications. To confirm the presence of hypertension, it is necessary to take several pressure measurements at different times of the day. Experts recommend taking measurements in the morning after waking up, in the evening, and whenever symptoms appear that may indicate high blood pressure.

For an accurate diagnosis of hypertension, it is necessary to conduct a study of other health indicators that may indicate possible causes of an increase in pressure. If the patient has a high blood pressure, the doctor may conduct an examination using an electrocardiogram, blood and urine tests, ultrasound of the abdominal organs, fundus, etc.

High blood pressure indicators that need to be measured for diagnosis:0003

What to do with high blood pressure

1. Calmness and relaxation. When you have high blood pressure, the key is to remain calm and not panic. Sit or lean, relax and slow your breathing. This will help reduce blood flow and reduce the workload on the heart.

2. Drink water. Water is a vital source to help your body manage high blood pressure. Carry a bottle of water with you and drink it throughout the day to stay hydrated.

3. Stabilize your blood pressure. If you have already been diagnosed with hypertension, follow your doctor’s advice and take regular medication to control your blood pressure. If necessary, call your doctor and report high blood pressure.

4. Avoid stressful situations. Stress can lead to high blood pressure. Try to avoid stressful situations and find ways to relax and reduce your stress levels.

5. Watch your diet. Nutrition plays an important role in blood pressure control. Avoid salty and fatty foods, limit coffee and alcohol intake. Include more fruits, vegetables, and protein foods in your diet.

The High Blood Pressure Diet: Proper Nutrition for Heart Health

What to include in your diet:

• Vegetables and fruits. For the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to consume at least 400 g of vegetables and 200 g of fruits daily. Vegetables and fruits contain a lot of useful substances for the body, such as vitamins, minerals and fiber.
• Oily fish. Fish oil is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which help lower blood cholesterol levels and improve heart function.
• Nuts. Nuts contain arginine, which dilates blood vessels and lowers blood pressure. They are also rich in magnesium, which has a positive effect on the heart muscle and blood vessels.
• Whole grain products. They contain fiber, which helps to reduce weight and normalize blood glucose levels, and also lowers cholesterol, which has a positive effect on blood pressure.

What to avoid:

• Salty foods. Excessive salt intake increases blood volume, which increases pressure on the walls of blood vessels. It is recommended to consume no more than 5-6 grams of salt per day.
• Fast food. American researchers have found that snacking in fast food outlets increases the likelihood of developing hypertension.
• Strong alcohol. Alcohol increases blood pressure as it dilates blood vessels. It is recommended to consume no more than 1-2 glasses of wine per day for women and no more than 2-3 glasses for men.

By following the simple rules of proper nutrition, you can achieve a decrease in blood pressure and improve the general condition of the body. But it is also important not to forget about regular monitoring of pressure and, if necessary, consult a doctor to make an accurate diagnosis and select the appropriate treatment.

Medicines to help lower your blood pressure

If you have high blood pressure, your doctor may prescribe medicines to lower your blood pressure.

Diuretics are a group of medicines that help reduce blood volume so that blood pressure is lowered. Diuretics remove excess fluid from the body through the kidneys. They may be taken along with other medicines.

Calcium channel blockers are medicines that reduce tension in blood vessels by dilating them and reducing pressure. They can be used in combination with other medicines and prescribed by a doctor if indicated.

Beta blockers are medicines that reduce the strength and frequency of heart contractions by reducing blood pressure. They are usually used in combination with other medicines for high blood pressure and help reduce possible complications.

ACE inhibitors are drugs that dilate blood vessels and lower blood pressure. They can help reduce the risk of heart disease and are used in combination with other medications.

Treatment of high blood pressure should be carried out under the supervision of a physician who will select the most effective drugs and determine the required dosage.

Exercises to help lower blood pressure

Exercise is one of the most effective ways to lower blood pressure. However, before starting classes, you should consult with your doctor.

1. Outdoor walks. Long walks in the fresh air have a positive effect on the cardiovascular system. Helps reduce blood pressure, improve blood circulation and overall well-being.

2. Aerobic training. Outdoor training, running, cycling, swimming and other aerobic exercises have a positive effect on the heart and blood vessels. It helps lower blood pressure and improve overall health.

3. Yoga and relaxation exercises. Regular yoga and other relaxation exercises can help reduce stress and lower blood pressure. They can also improve breathing and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

4. Strength training. Muscle-strengthening strength training can help reduce blood pressure. However, they should be carried out after consultation with a doctor and under the guidance of an experienced trainer.

5. Breathing exercises. Breathing exercises can help improve circulation and lower blood pressure. It promotes relaxation and stress reduction. One of its types is “deep breathing” – slow and deep breathing through the nose, holding the breath for a few seconds.

Exercise can help reduce blood pressure, but it’s not the only way. It is also important to eat right, avoid stressful situations, and, if necessary, take medication prescribed by a doctor.

When to See a Doctor for High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure is a serious condition that can lead to various complications such as stroke, heart attack, etc. Therefore, it is important to know when to see a doctor for high blood pressure.

If you have symptoms such as dizziness, a feeling of lightness in the head, this is also a reason to see a doctor. In such cases, you should not self-medicate, as this can lead to a worsening of the condition.

In addition, if you notice changes in your condition, such as muscle weakness, visual disturbances, or difficulty speaking, this may indicate a possible stroke and you should contact your doctor immediately.

So, with high blood pressure, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor, as this can lead to serious complications. You should monitor your condition and seek medical attention if you have any doubts.

Prevention of high blood pressure

An important condition in the prevention of high blood pressure is to control your lifestyle, follow proper nutrition, regular exercise and a healthy lifestyle in general.

Diet is one of the most significant factors influencing blood pressure. Limit sodium and saturated fat intake, and increase intake of fruits, vegetables, and dairy products that are low in fat and protein.

It is also important to get regular exercise, such as walking or running outdoors, yoga or swimming.

• Smoking is also a risk factor for high blood pressure, so quit smoking.
• Alcohol tends to increase blood pressure. Its consumption should be moderate.
• Regular blood pressure monitoring is essential to be aware of the onset of hypertension. It is important not to postpone a visit to the doctor if there are chronic diseases or if there is a hereditary factor of hypertension in the family.

Following the tips above will help you avoid high blood pressure and keep your heart and blood vessels healthy for years to come.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What causes an increase in blood pressure to 140 over 100?

High blood pressure can be caused by many things, from heredity to poor lifestyle habits. These may include: obesity, smoking, alcohol, certain medications, stress, hypertension, etc.

What symptoms can accompany a pressure of 140 over 100?

Symptoms that may occur with high blood pressure may include: headache, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, dizziness, palpitations, shortness of breath, etc.

Can a self-measured pressure of 140 over 100 be wrong?

Yes, self-measurement of blood pressure may cause errors, since the level of pressure can vary during the day and under the influence of various factors. Therefore, if you have measured high blood pressure, but do not experience any symptoms, it is better to repeat the measurement after a while or consult a doctor.

What measures can be taken in case of high blood pressure?

Various methods can be used to lower blood pressure levels: lifestyle changes (smoking cessation, proper nutrition, exercise), drug therapy, the use of folk remedies (for example, garlic, known for its blood pressure lowering properties).

Is it possible to reduce the pressure of 140 to 100 without medication?

Yes, it is possible. Changing your lifestyle, following a healthy diet, giving up bad habits, exercising regularly, and using folk remedies such as herbs can help lower your blood pressure levels.

What are the consequences of 140 over 100 pressure if no action is taken?

If you do not take measures to reduce blood pressure, this can lead to various serious diseases and pathologies, such as disorders of the cardiovascular system, stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, visual impairment, etc. Therefore, it is very important to control the level of pressure and take measures to stabilize and reduce it.

Causes of increased pressure | Doctor KIT

• Home
• Causes of high blood pressure

18.09.2018

High blood pressure in a healthy person is a natural reaction to stress and exercise. The presence of a problem is said to be, if already with three control measurements, blood pressure exceeds 140/90. Then the diagnosis is likely – hypertension.

In most people, the disease does not cause symptoms, hence its second name: the silent or invisible killer. The first symptoms appear when the body ceases to withstand such a load on its own and critical changes occur in the vessels. The first signs are:

• Increased anxiety.
• Rapid heartbeat.
• Redness of the face.
• Shortness of breath and dizziness.
• Headache and pressure in the temples.
• Pain in the chest in the region of the heart.
• Decreased visual acuity.

Overwork, similar to the onset of a cold, is also a characteristic symptom. Accompanied by redness of the eyes, drowsiness and irritability. If the pressure at the same time approaches the extreme mark, this is an occasion to consult a doctor.

High blood pressure is divided into two categories – primary (essential) hypertension and symptomatic. The first is a chronic process, which is characterized by constant high blood pressure. The second is a symptom of other diseases of the human body.

Causes of high blood pressure in primary hypertension

It is difficult to name the exact cause of chronic hypertension. The development of the disease occurs due to violations in the mechanisms of regulation of blood pressure, which occur for various reasons. To defects in the work include poor kidney function, due to which sodium is retained in the body. The body accumulates more fluid, the kidneys do not respond to random increases in pressure during exercise and stress.

Increased activity of the nervous system can lead to BP disorders. Changes in her sensitivity may be due to genetic or environmental factors – stress, chronic fatigue or pain. With an increase in the activity of the central nervous system, the load on the heart increases.

Increased blood pressure can be caused by circulatory disorders in tissues – edema due to problems with metabolism, epithelial dysfunction.

In the elderly, blood pressure increases with age. In adolescents and young adults, the disease can be caused by environmental factors, lifestyle, or heredity. The heredity factor for essential hypertension is not disputed by doctors. So the probability of her inheritance is 30%.

Risk factors for primary arterial hypertension include:

• An excess of saturated fatty acids in the menu, in particular cholesterol.
• High salt content in food, such as pickles and processed foods.
• Sedentary lifestyle and overweight.
• Smoking and alcohol.
• Tension, stress, nervous breakdowns.

Excess cholesterol is deposited on the walls of blood vessels, which narrows their lumen and interferes with blood flow. The structure of the arteries also changes due to an excess of salt. Excessive use of it makes the vessels fragile and impairs their elasticity.

Weight, as one of the causes of hypertension, is considered in the context of BMI – overweight. With a significant excess of this indicator, measures must be taken to reduce the risk of complications. The risk of developing arterial hypertension with overweight increases by 2-6 times, especially with the upper type of obesity, when the waist circumference increases.

Causes of secondary hypertension

Secondary hypertension develops in the presence of other diseases, so its cause can be identified. A characteristic difference between the disease and primary hypertension is the absence of a gradual increase in symptoms, ranging from mild irritability to a hypertensive crisis. Moreover, secondary hypertension is more common in young people. In this case, there is an acute symptomatology and a lack of response to the standard treatment of chronic hypertension.

In this case, you should consult a doctor. There are five main categories into which the causes of secondary hypertension are divided:

1. Renal
2. Endocrine
3. Neurogenic
4. Cardiovascular
5. Medicinal

In the first case, the patency of one or more renal arteries is disturbed, it is difficult for blood to circulate through the bottleneck, and the pressure increases. An increase in blood pressure occurs with polycystic kidney disease, with a large kidney cyst, as well as nephritis and nephropathies.

In the endocrine type, an increase in pressure can occur due to diseases of the adrenal gland tumors, disorders of the adrenal cortex – increased production of hormones. Too little or too much thyroid hormone can also cause hypertension. Changes in the work of the parathyroid glands, for example, tumors that disrupt the endocrine system, and arterial hypertension as a symptom.

The neurogenic category includes increased intracranial pressure due to tumor, trauma, stroke. The cause of increased blood pressure can be bronchial asthma, pneumosclerosis or emphysema – diseases that contribute to the retention of carbon dioxide.

Cardiovascular problems such as aortic valve insufficiency are also a cause of secondary hypertension. The symptom is also manifested in atherosclerosis.

High blood pressure is one of the side effects of some medications. These are contraceptives containing estrogen, some antidepressants, amphetamines, and other drugs used to treat anxiety and panic attacks.

Without the intervention of specialists, primary hypertension gradually progresses and leads to the development of complications: heart failure, heart attacks and strokes. And the secondary is a symptom of critical changes in the patient’s body.