What are the normal ranges for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. How is blood pressure measured and interpreted. What lifestyle changes can help manage high blood pressure. When does high blood pressure become a medical emergency.

Decoding Blood Pressure Readings: Systolic and Diastolic Explained

Blood pressure readings consist of two numbers that provide crucial information about your cardiovascular health. These numbers represent the pressure in your arteries during different phases of your heartbeat cycle.

Systolic Blood Pressure: The Top Number

The systolic blood pressure, which is the first or top number in a reading, indicates the pressure in your arteries when your heart contracts and pumps blood. This number is typically higher than the diastolic pressure and is considered more important in assessing cardiovascular risk, especially in people over 50.

• Normal: Below 120 mmHg
• Elevated: 120-129 mmHg
• Stage I hypertension: 130-139 mmHg
• Stage II hypertension: 140 mmHg or higher
• Hypertensive crisis: 180 mmHg or higher (requires immediate medical attention)

Diastolic Blood Pressure: The Bottom Number

The diastolic blood pressure, represented by the second or bottom number, measures the pressure in your arteries between heartbeats when your heart is at rest and filling with blood. While both numbers are important, changes in diastolic pressure can be significant indicators of cardiovascular health, particularly in younger individuals.

• Normal: Below 80 mmHg
• Stage I hypertension: 80-89 mmHg
• Stage II hypertension: 90 mmHg or higher
• Hypertensive crisis: 120 mmHg or higher (requires immediate medical attention)

Understanding these numbers is crucial for maintaining good heart health and preventing complications associated with high blood pressure.

Blood Pressure Categories: From Normal to Hypertensive Crisis

Blood pressure readings fall into several categories, ranging from normal to critically high. Recognizing these categories helps healthcare providers determine appropriate treatment strategies and allows individuals to understand their cardiovascular health status.

Normal Blood Pressure

A blood pressure reading below 120/80 mmHg is considered normal. Individuals with normal blood pressure should maintain a healthy lifestyle to preserve their cardiovascular health.

Elevated Blood Pressure

Readings with systolic pressure between 120-129 mmHg and diastolic pressure below 80 mmHg indicate elevated blood pressure. This category serves as a warning sign and calls for lifestyle modifications to prevent progression to hypertension.

Hypertension Stage I

Blood pressure readings of 130-139/80-89 mmHg fall into the category of Stage I hypertension. At this stage, lifestyle changes are crucial, and medication may be considered depending on individual risk factors.

Hypertension Stage II

Readings of 140/90 mmHg or higher indicate Stage II hypertension. This stage typically requires a combination of lifestyle changes and medication to effectively manage blood pressure.

Hypertensive Crisis

Blood pressure readings of 180/120 mmHg or higher constitute a hypertensive crisis, which is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. Individuals experiencing a hypertensive crisis may also exhibit symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or neurological symptoms.

The Art and Science of Blood Pressure Measurement

Accurate blood pressure measurement is essential for proper diagnosis and management of hypertension. The process involves using a device called a sphygmomanometer, which consists of an inflatable cuff and a pressure gauge.

The Measurement Process

During a blood pressure measurement, a healthcare professional wraps the cuff around the upper arm and inflates it to temporarily stop blood flow. As the cuff deflates, the healthcare provider listens with a stethoscope to detect the point at which blood flow resumes (systolic pressure) and the point at which it becomes unimpeded (diastolic pressure).

Factors Affecting Accuracy

Several factors can influence blood pressure readings, including:

• Recent physical activity
• Stress or anxiety
• Caffeine or nicotine consumption
• Full bladder
• Incorrect cuff size
• Poor positioning during measurement

To ensure accurate readings, it’s important to rest for several minutes before measurement and avoid factors that could temporarily elevate blood pressure.

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring: Empowering Personal Health Management

Home blood pressure monitoring has become an increasingly important tool in managing hypertension and maintaining cardiovascular health. This practice allows individuals to track their blood pressure over time and provides valuable information to healthcare providers.

Benefits of Home Monitoring

Regular home blood pressure monitoring offers several advantages:

• Helps identify white coat hypertension (elevated readings in medical settings)
• Allows detection of masked hypertension (normal readings in medical settings but high at home)
• Provides a more comprehensive picture of blood pressure trends
• Encourages active participation in health management
• Helps evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle changes and medications

Choosing a Home Blood Pressure Monitor

When selecting a home blood pressure monitor, consider the following factors:

• Accuracy: Look for devices validated by reputable organizations
• Cuff size: Ensure proper fit for accurate readings
• Ease of use: Choose a device with clear display and simple operation
• Memory function: Opt for monitors that store multiple readings
• Data sharing capabilities: Some devices can transmit data to healthcare providers

Consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best monitoring schedule and to ensure proper technique for accurate measurements.

Lifestyle Modifications: The Cornerstone of Blood Pressure Management

Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in preventing and managing high blood pressure. These modifications can significantly impact blood pressure readings and overall cardiovascular health.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)

The DASH diet is a well-researched eating plan designed to lower blood pressure. Key components include:

• Increased consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
• Incorporation of lean proteins, particularly fish and poultry
• Reduced intake of saturated fats and cholesterol
• Limited consumption of red meat, sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages
• Emphasis on low-fat dairy products

Sodium Reduction

Limiting sodium intake is crucial for blood pressure management. The American Heart Association recommends no more than 2,300 mg of sodium per day, with an ideal limit of 1,500 mg for most adults. Strategies for reducing sodium include:

• Reading food labels and choosing low-sodium options
• Cooking meals at home to control sodium content
• Using herbs and spices instead of salt for flavoring
• Limiting processed and restaurant foods, which are often high in sodium

Regular Physical Activity

Exercise is a powerful tool for managing blood pressure. The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity per week. Benefits of regular exercise include:

• Strengthening the heart muscle
• Improving blood vessel flexibility
• Helping maintain a healthy weight
• Reducing stress levels

Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is essential for blood pressure control. Even modest weight loss can lead to significant improvements in blood pressure. Strategies for weight management include:

• Balancing calorie intake with physical activity
• Practicing portion control
• Choosing nutrient-dense foods over calorie-dense options
• Incorporating regular physical activity into daily routines

Stress Reduction

Chronic stress can contribute to elevated blood pressure. Effective stress management techniques include:

• Meditation and mindfulness practices
• Deep breathing exercises
• Regular physical activity
• Engaging in hobbies and leisure activities
• Seeking social support

Pharmacological Interventions: When Lifestyle Changes Aren’t Enough

While lifestyle modifications are the foundation of blood pressure management, some individuals may require medication to achieve target blood pressure levels. Several classes of antihypertensive medications are available, each working through different mechanisms to lower blood pressure.

Common Classes of Antihypertensive Medications

• Diuretics: Help the body eliminate excess sodium and water
• ACE inhibitors: Relax blood vessels by blocking the formation of angiotensin II
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs): Block the effects of angiotensin II on blood vessels
• Calcium channel blockers: Relax blood vessels by preventing calcium from entering cells
• Beta-blockers: Reduce heart rate and cardiac output

The choice of medication depends on various factors, including the individual’s overall health, age, ethnicity, and other medical conditions. Often, a combination of medications may be necessary to achieve optimal blood pressure control.

Importance of Medication Adherence

Consistent adherence to prescribed medications is crucial for effective blood pressure management. Strategies to improve medication adherence include:

• Using pill organizers or smartphone apps for reminders
• Incorporating medication into daily routines
• Understanding the importance of each medication
• Discussing concerns or side effects with healthcare providers
• Regular follow-up appointments to monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed

Hypertensive Crisis: Recognizing and Responding to a Medical Emergency

A hypertensive crisis is a severe elevation in blood pressure that requires immediate medical attention. It can be categorized into two types: hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency.

Hypertensive Urgency

In hypertensive urgency, blood pressure is severely elevated (typically above 180/120 mmHg) but without evidence of organ damage. Management typically involves gradual blood pressure reduction over 24-48 hours, often in an outpatient setting.

Hypertensive Emergency

Hypertensive emergency involves severely elevated blood pressure with evidence of acute organ damage. This condition requires immediate hospitalization and careful blood pressure reduction to prevent further organ damage.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms of a hypertensive crisis may include:

• Severe headache
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath
• Vision changes
• Neurological symptoms such as confusion or difficulty speaking
• Nausea or vomiting

If these symptoms occur alongside severely elevated blood pressure, immediate medical attention is crucial.

Emergency Response

In the event of a suspected hypertensive crisis:

1. Call emergency services immediately
2. Remain calm and seated or lying down
3. Take any prescribed emergency medications as directed by a healthcare provider
4. Do not attempt to rapidly lower blood pressure on your own, as this can be dangerous

Prompt recognition and appropriate response to a hypertensive crisis can be life-saving and prevent long-term complications.

The Future of Blood Pressure Management: Innovations and Emerging Trends

As our understanding of hypertension grows and technology advances, new approaches to blood pressure management are emerging. These innovations promise to improve diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcomes for individuals with hypertension.

Wearable Technology

Wearable devices capable of continuous blood pressure monitoring are being developed. These devices could provide a more comprehensive picture of blood pressure patterns throughout the day and night, allowing for more personalized treatment strategies.

Artificial Intelligence in Hypertension Management

AI algorithms are being developed to analyze large datasets of blood pressure readings, along with other health metrics, to predict hypertension risk and optimize treatment plans. This technology could lead to more precise and effective hypertension management strategies.

Telemedicine and Remote Monitoring

The integration of telemedicine and remote monitoring technologies is making it easier for patients to manage their blood pressure from home while maintaining regular contact with healthcare providers. This approach can improve access to care and enhance treatment adherence.

Precision Medicine

Advances in genetic research are paving the way for more personalized approaches to hypertension treatment. By understanding an individual’s genetic profile, healthcare providers may be able to select the most effective medications and interventions for each patient.

Novel Therapeutic Approaches

Research into new therapeutic targets for hypertension is ongoing. Some promising areas include:

• Renal denervation: A minimally invasive procedure to reduce sympathetic nervous system activity
• Immunotherapy: Targeting inflammation-related pathways involved in hypertension
• Gut microbiome modulation: Exploring the role of gut bacteria in blood pressure regulation

As these innovations continue to develop, the future of blood pressure management looks promising, with the potential for more effective, personalized, and less invasive treatment options.

Blood Pressure Chart & Numbers (Normal Range, Systolic, Diastolic)

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• What Do Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Numbers Mean?
• What Does the Systolic Blood Pressure Number Mean?
• What Does the Diastolic Blood Pressure Number Mean?
• Blood Pressure Ranges
• Hypertension Blood Pressure Ranges
• How Blood Pressure Is Measured
• When to Check Blood Pressure
• Checking Blood Pressure at Home
• Preventing High Blood Pressure
• Causes of Sudden High Blood Pressure
• What Is Malignant High Blood Pressure?
• What Causes Malignant Hypertension?
• Who’s at Risk for Malignant Hypertension?
• How Is Malignant Hypertension Treated?
• More

When you get your blood pressure numbers, there are two of them. The first, or “top” one, is your systolic blood pressure. The second, or “bottom,” one is diastolic blood pressure.

Knowing both is important and could save your life.

When your heart beats, it squeezes and pushes blood through your arteries to the rest of your body. This force creates pressure on those blood vessels, and that’s your systolic blood pressure.

Here’s how to understand your systolic blood pressure number:

• Normal: Below 120
• Elevated: 120-129
• Stage I: high blood pressure (also called hypertension): 130-139
• Stage II: hypertension: 140 or more
• Hypertensive crisis: 180 or more. Call 911.

The diastolic reading, or the bottom number, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. This is the time when the heart fills with blood and gets oxygen.

This is what your diastolic blood pressure number means:

• Normal: Lower than 80
• Stage I: hypertension: 80-89
• Stage II: hypertension: 90 or more
• Hypertensive crisis: 120 or more. Call 911.

Our chart below has more details.

Even if your diastolic number is normal (lower than 80), you can have elevated blood pressure if the systolic reading is 120-129.

If you have normal blood pressure, your blood pressure is less than 120/80. Stick with an active lifestyle and healthy diet to keep that going.

Is your blood pressure above the normal range, in either or both systolic and diastolic levels? Your doctor will want to have more than one blood pressure reading before diagnosing hypertension.

Treatments include lifestyle changes, and if that’s not enough, they may also include medications.

Lifestyle changes include:

• Cutting back on sodium. Ask your doctor what your daily sodium limit should be. Read the Nutrition Facts label on food products.
• Getting more exercise. Studies show benefits with 3-4 sessions per week, each lasting 40 minutes, of aerobic exercise (the kind that makes your heart beat faster).
• Losing weight, if you’re overweight. You can expect to shave about 1 point off your blood pressure numbers for each pound lost.
• Eating a healthy diet. The DASH diet is designed to improve blood pressure. DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. It favors vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy, poultry, fish, and chicken.
• Limiting alcohol to no more than one drink a day for women or two for men.

If you also need medication to lower your blood pressure, there are several types:

• Diuretics
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Alpha blockers
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers
• Beta-blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Central agonists
• Vasodilators
• Combination medications

If you need medication, your doctor will consider which type is best for you. (They’ll also recommend lifestyle habits that help lower blood pressure.) Deciding whether you need medication is often done on a case-by-case basis, depending on what else is going on with your health and on your preferences.

 .

If you have:

• Elevated blood pressure: Your systolic pressure is 120-129, and your diastolic pressure is less than 80. Lifestyle changes and monitoring your blood pressure may be all you need at this point. Your doctor will let you know.
• Stage I hypertension: Systolic 130-139 or diastolic 80-89. Your doctor will recommend lifestyle changes and will consider whether you also need medication.
• Stage II hypertension: Systolic at least 140 or diastolic at least 90. Your doctor will recommend lifestyle changes and consider starting you on medication to lower your blood pressure.
• Hypertensive crisis: Your blood pressure is 180/120 or higher. You may or may not also have symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, numbness/weakness, and trouble with vision or with speaking. This is an emergency. Call 911.

One reading may not be enough to diagnose high blood pressure. Your doctor may want you to have several blood pressure readings over time, to check if it’s consistently too high.

A doctor or nurse will measure your blood pressure with a small gauge attached to an inflatable cuff. It’s simple and painless.

The person taking your blood pressure wraps the cuff around your upper arm. Some cuffs go around the forearm or wrist, but often, they aren’t as accurate.

Your doctor or nurse will use a stethoscope to listen to the blood moving through your artery.

They’ll inflate the cuff to a pressure higher than your systolic blood pressure, and it will tighten around your arm. Then, they’ll release it. As the cuff deflates, the first sound they hear through the stethoscope is the systolic blood pressure. It sounds like a whooshing noise. The point where this noise goes away marks the diastolic blood pressure.

In a blood pressure reading, the systolic number always comes first and then the diastolic number. For example, your numbers may be “120 over 80” or written as 120/80.

• If your blood pressure is normal—less than 120/80—get it checked every year, or more often as your doctor suggests.
• If your blood pressure is elevated—a systolic blood pressure between 120 and 129 or diastolic blood pressure of less than 80—your doctor will probably want to check it every 3-6 months. They will probably recommend lifestyle changes such as more exercise and a better diet.
• If you have stage I hypertension—130-139 over 89-90—the doctor might suggest lifestyle changes and see you again in 3-6 months. They could also tell you to make the changes and give you medication, then recheck your condition in a month. It depends on what other health conditions or risk factors you have.
• If you have stage II hypertension—140/90 or higher—you’ll likely get medication. You’ll also need to make lifestyle changes and see the doctor again in a month.

Keeping track of blood pressure at home is important for many people, especially if you have high blood pressure. This helps you and your doctor find out if your treatment is working.

Your doctor may also suggest that you check your pressure at home if they think you may have “white coat hypertension.” It’s a real condition. The stress of being in a doctor’s office increases your blood pressure, but when you’re home, it’s normal.

Ask your doctor to recommend an easy-to-use home blood pressure monitor. Make sure the cuff fits properly. If your arm is too big for the cuff, the reading may be higher than your blood pressure really is. Ask your doctor for a larger cuff or make sure you buy a home monitor with a cuff that fits you.

You also can use a wrist blood pressure monitor, but they often aren’t as accurate. Follow the directions that come with the device to make sure you are using it correctly.

No matter which type of blood pressure monitor you have, it’s a good idea to take it to your doctor’s office. You can compare its reading to the numbers your doctor gets. Avoid caffeine, cigarettes, and exercise for at least 30 minutes before the test.

When you take your blood pressure at home, sit up straight in a chair and put both feet on the floor. Ask your doctor or nurse to show you the right way to position your arm so you get accurate readings.

Check it at the same time of day so the readings are consistent. Then, take several readings about 1 minute apart. Be sure to write down the results.

Take the blood pressure journal to your doctor’s office so you can talk about any changes in your numbers. Your doctor will decide whether you need medications in addition to lifestyle changes.

Even if your blood pressure is high, you probably won’t have symptoms. That’s why it’s often called the “silent killer.” The first symptom of untreated high blood pressure may be a heart attack, stroke, or kidney damage.

To keep your blood pressure in the normal range, your daily habits are key. These things help:

Don’t smoke. Among the many health problems that smoking causes, it increases your blood pressure.

Make physical activity a habit. Most experts recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (such as biking or brisk walking) five or more times a week. Or you could do a harder activity for a shorter period of time per session.

Eat right. Read food labels to see how much sodium is in a serving. Check with your doctor to find out what your daily limit should be. Include a lot of vegetables and fruits, along with whatever else you choose to put on your plate.

Stick to a healthy weight. Extra pounds increase your blood pressure. If you’re not sure what a healthy weight would be for you, ask your doctor.

Get enough sleep. For most adults, that’s 7-8 hours of sleep per night on a regular basis.

If you drink alcohol, limit it to no more than one drink a day if you’re a woman and up to two drinks a day if you’re a man.

Sometimes, your blood pressure will spike for short periods. This is known as sudden high blood pressure. Here are some of the causes:

• Caffeine
• Smoking
• Stress
• Certain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a mix of meds
• Overactive adrenal glands
• Chronic kidney disease
• Thyroid issues (overactive or underactive thyroid)
• Pregnancy-related high blood pressure

Malignant hypertension is extremely high blood pressure that develops rapidly and causes some type of organ damage. Malignant hypertension should be treated as a medical emergency.

In many people, high blood pressure is the main cause of malignant hypertension. Missing doses of blood pressure medications can also cause it. In addition, there are certain medical conditions that can cause it. They include:

• Collagen vascular disease, such as scleroderma
• Kidney disease
• Spinal cord injuries
• Tumor of the adrenal gland
• Use of certain medications, including birth control pills and monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Use of illegal drugs, such as cocaine

Malignant hypertension is rare. About 1% of people who have a history of high blood pressure develop this life-threatening condition.

You are at higher risk of developing it if you are a man, African American, or someone of lower economic status. Poor access to health care increases the risk.

Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency and needs to be treated in a hospital, often in an intensive care unit. The doctor will consider your symptoms and overall health when deciding what treatment plan is best for you. The goal of treatment is to carefully lower your blood pressure within a matter of minutes.

You will receive blood pressure medicines through an IV, which is the quickest way to treat extremely high blood pressure. Once blood pressure is at a safe level, the medications may be switched to oral forms. If you develop kidney failure, you may need kidney dialysis.

Other treatments depend on your specific symptoms and possible causes of the malignant hypertension.

Top Picks

Blood Pressure Chart & Numbers (Normal Range, Systolic, Diastolic)

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• What Do Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Numbers Mean?
• What Does the Systolic Blood Pressure Number Mean?
• What Does the Diastolic Blood Pressure Number Mean?
• Blood Pressure Ranges
• Hypertension Blood Pressure Ranges
• How Blood Pressure Is Measured
• When to Check Blood Pressure
• Checking Blood Pressure at Home
• Preventing High Blood Pressure
• Causes of Sudden High Blood Pressure
• What Is Malignant High Blood Pressure?
• What Causes Malignant Hypertension?
• Who’s at Risk for Malignant Hypertension?
• How Is Malignant Hypertension Treated?
• More

When you get your blood pressure numbers, there are two of them. The first, or “top” one, is your systolic blood pressure. The second, or “bottom,” one is diastolic blood pressure.

Knowing both is important and could save your life.

When your heart beats, it squeezes and pushes blood through your arteries to the rest of your body. This force creates pressure on those blood vessels, and that’s your systolic blood pressure.

Here’s how to understand your systolic blood pressure number:

• Normal: Below 120
• Elevated: 120-129
• Stage I: high blood pressure (also called hypertension): 130-139
• Stage II: hypertension: 140 or more
• Hypertensive crisis: 180 or more. Call 911.

The diastolic reading, or the bottom number, is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats. This is the time when the heart fills with blood and gets oxygen.

This is what your diastolic blood pressure number means:

• Normal: Lower than 80
• Stage I: hypertension: 80-89
• Stage II: hypertension: 90 or more
• Hypertensive crisis: 120 or more. Call 911.

Our chart below has more details.

Even if your diastolic number is normal (lower than 80), you can have elevated blood pressure if the systolic reading is 120-129.

If you have normal blood pressure, your blood pressure is less than 120/80. Stick with an active lifestyle and healthy diet to keep that going.

Is your blood pressure above the normal range, in either or both systolic and diastolic levels? Your doctor will want to have more than one blood pressure reading before diagnosing hypertension.

Treatments include lifestyle changes, and if that’s not enough, they may also include medications.

Lifestyle changes include:

• Cutting back on sodium. Ask your doctor what your daily sodium limit should be. Read the Nutrition Facts label on food products.
• Getting more exercise. Studies show benefits with 3-4 sessions per week, each lasting 40 minutes, of aerobic exercise (the kind that makes your heart beat faster).
• Losing weight, if you’re overweight. You can expect to shave about 1 point off your blood pressure numbers for each pound lost.
• Eating a healthy diet. The DASH diet is designed to improve blood pressure. DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. It favors vegetables, fruits, whole grains, low-fat dairy, poultry, fish, and chicken.
• Limiting alcohol to no more than one drink a day for women or two for men.

If you also need medication to lower your blood pressure, there are several types:

• Diuretics
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Alpha blockers
• Angiotensin II receptor blockers
• Beta-blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Central agonists
• Vasodilators
• Combination medications

If you need medication, your doctor will consider which type is best for you. (They’ll also recommend lifestyle habits that help lower blood pressure.) Deciding whether you need medication is often done on a case-by-case basis, depending on what else is going on with your health and on your preferences.

 .

If you have:

• Elevated blood pressure: Your systolic pressure is 120-129, and your diastolic pressure is less than 80. Lifestyle changes and monitoring your blood pressure may be all you need at this point. Your doctor will let you know.
• Stage I hypertension: Systolic 130-139 or diastolic 80-89. Your doctor will recommend lifestyle changes and will consider whether you also need medication.
• Stage II hypertension: Systolic at least 140 or diastolic at least 90. Your doctor will recommend lifestyle changes and consider starting you on medication to lower your blood pressure.
• Hypertensive crisis: Your blood pressure is 180/120 or higher. You may or may not also have symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, numbness/weakness, and trouble with vision or with speaking. This is an emergency. Call 911.

One reading may not be enough to diagnose high blood pressure. Your doctor may want you to have several blood pressure readings over time, to check if it’s consistently too high.

A doctor or nurse will measure your blood pressure with a small gauge attached to an inflatable cuff. It’s simple and painless.

The person taking your blood pressure wraps the cuff around your upper arm. Some cuffs go around the forearm or wrist, but often, they aren’t as accurate.

Your doctor or nurse will use a stethoscope to listen to the blood moving through your artery.

They’ll inflate the cuff to a pressure higher than your systolic blood pressure, and it will tighten around your arm. Then, they’ll release it. As the cuff deflates, the first sound they hear through the stethoscope is the systolic blood pressure. It sounds like a whooshing noise. The point where this noise goes away marks the diastolic blood pressure.

In a blood pressure reading, the systolic number always comes first and then the diastolic number. For example, your numbers may be “120 over 80” or written as 120/80.

• If your blood pressure is normal—less than 120/80—get it checked every year, or more often as your doctor suggests.
• If your blood pressure is elevated—a systolic blood pressure between 120 and 129 or diastolic blood pressure of less than 80—your doctor will probably want to check it every 3-6 months. They will probably recommend lifestyle changes such as more exercise and a better diet.
• If you have stage I hypertension—130-139 over 89-90—the doctor might suggest lifestyle changes and see you again in 3-6 months. They could also tell you to make the changes and give you medication, then recheck your condition in a month. It depends on what other health conditions or risk factors you have.
• If you have stage II hypertension—140/90 or higher—you’ll likely get medication. You’ll also need to make lifestyle changes and see the doctor again in a month.

Keeping track of blood pressure at home is important for many people, especially if you have high blood pressure. This helps you and your doctor find out if your treatment is working.

Your doctor may also suggest that you check your pressure at home if they think you may have “white coat hypertension.” It’s a real condition. The stress of being in a doctor’s office increases your blood pressure, but when you’re home, it’s normal.

Ask your doctor to recommend an easy-to-use home blood pressure monitor. Make sure the cuff fits properly. If your arm is too big for the cuff, the reading may be higher than your blood pressure really is. Ask your doctor for a larger cuff or make sure you buy a home monitor with a cuff that fits you.

You also can use a wrist blood pressure monitor, but they often aren’t as accurate. Follow the directions that come with the device to make sure you are using it correctly.

No matter which type of blood pressure monitor you have, it’s a good idea to take it to your doctor’s office. You can compare its reading to the numbers your doctor gets. Avoid caffeine, cigarettes, and exercise for at least 30 minutes before the test.

When you take your blood pressure at home, sit up straight in a chair and put both feet on the floor. Ask your doctor or nurse to show you the right way to position your arm so you get accurate readings.

Check it at the same time of day so the readings are consistent. Then, take several readings about 1 minute apart. Be sure to write down the results.

Take the blood pressure journal to your doctor’s office so you can talk about any changes in your numbers. Your doctor will decide whether you need medications in addition to lifestyle changes.

Even if your blood pressure is high, you probably won’t have symptoms. That’s why it’s often called the “silent killer.” The first symptom of untreated high blood pressure may be a heart attack, stroke, or kidney damage.

To keep your blood pressure in the normal range, your daily habits are key. These things help:

Don’t smoke. Among the many health problems that smoking causes, it increases your blood pressure.

Make physical activity a habit. Most experts recommend at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (such as biking or brisk walking) five or more times a week. Or you could do a harder activity for a shorter period of time per session.

Eat right. Read food labels to see how much sodium is in a serving. Check with your doctor to find out what your daily limit should be. Include a lot of vegetables and fruits, along with whatever else you choose to put on your plate.

Stick to a healthy weight. Extra pounds increase your blood pressure. If you’re not sure what a healthy weight would be for you, ask your doctor.

Get enough sleep. For most adults, that’s 7-8 hours of sleep per night on a regular basis.

If you drink alcohol, limit it to no more than one drink a day if you’re a woman and up to two drinks a day if you’re a man.

Sometimes, your blood pressure will spike for short periods. This is known as sudden high blood pressure. Here are some of the causes:

• Caffeine
• Smoking
• Stress
• Certain medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a mix of meds
• Overactive adrenal glands
• Chronic kidney disease
• Thyroid issues (overactive or underactive thyroid)
• Pregnancy-related high blood pressure

Malignant hypertension is extremely high blood pressure that develops rapidly and causes some type of organ damage. Malignant hypertension should be treated as a medical emergency.

In many people, high blood pressure is the main cause of malignant hypertension. Missing doses of blood pressure medications can also cause it. In addition, there are certain medical conditions that can cause it. They include:

• Collagen vascular disease, such as scleroderma
• Kidney disease
• Spinal cord injuries
• Tumor of the adrenal gland
• Use of certain medications, including birth control pills and monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Use of illegal drugs, such as cocaine

Malignant hypertension is rare. About 1% of people who have a history of high blood pressure develop this life-threatening condition.

You are at higher risk of developing it if you are a man, African American, or someone of lower economic status. Poor access to health care increases the risk.

Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency and needs to be treated in a hospital, often in an intensive care unit. The doctor will consider your symptoms and overall health when deciding what treatment plan is best for you. The goal of treatment is to carefully lower your blood pressure within a matter of minutes.

You will receive blood pressure medicines through an IV, which is the quickest way to treat extremely high blood pressure. Once blood pressure is at a safe level, the medications may be switched to oral forms. If you develop kidney failure, you may need kidney dialysis.

Other treatments depend on your specific symptoms and possible causes of the malignant hypertension.

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Reading blood pressure readings

The only way to know if you have high or low blood pressure is to measure your blood pressure. Understanding your results is the key to controlling your blood pressure.

• Systolic blood pressure (First or top number) is the maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pushes blood into the arteries.
• Diastolic blood pressure (Second or lower number) – shows the pressure in the arteries at the time of relaxation of the heart muscle, it reflects the resistance of the peripheral vessels.

Which number is more important?

Systolic blood pressure (first number) is generally given more attention as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in people over 50 years of age. In most people, systolic blood pressure rises steadily with age due to the loss of elasticity of large arteries, an increase in heart rate, and the development of vascular disease.

However, elevated systolic or elevated diastolic blood pressure can be used to make a diagnosis of high blood pressure. The risk of death from coronary heart disease and stroke doubles with an increase in systolic pressure of 20 mm Hg. Art. or diastolic at 10 mm Hg. Art. among people aged 40 to 89 years.

Blood pressure ranges

In our country, the standards of the European Society for the Study of Hypertension are followed, there are also recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation from 2020, which established the following ranges of numbers:

• Normal – systolic blood pressure less than 120-129 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure less than 80-85 mmHg.
• Highly normal – systolic BP 130-139 mmHg, diastolic BP 85-89 mmHg.
• 1 degree – 140-159 / 90-99 mm Hg.
• 2 degree – 160-179 / 100-109 mm Hg.
• 3 degree – more than 180/110 mm Hg.

Note: Diagnosis must be confirmed by a physician. Hypertension is a disease or diagnosis, and hypertension is the fact of increased pressure. The doctor may also evaluate any unusually low blood pressure readings and associated symptoms.

Normal pressure

• Optimal blood pressure – SBP less than 120 mm Hg. Art. and/or DBP less than 80 mm Hg. Art.
• Normal blood pressure – pressure in the SBP range of 120-129 mmHg. Art. and/or DBP 80–84 mm Hg. Art.

If your results fall into this category, stick to heart-healthy habits such as a balanced diet and regular exercise.

High blood pressure

High blood pressure is when readings are consistently above 140 mmHg for systolic and for diastolic more than 90 mmHg Art. Measures must be taken to control this condition.

Grade 1 hypertension

Grade 1 hypertension is when blood pressure constantly fluctuates systolic within 140–159 and/or diastolic above 90–99 mmHg. Art. At this stage of high blood pressure, doctors may recommend lifestyle changes and may consider taking blood pressure medication. What you do next depends on your risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as heart attack or stroke, and your risk factors.

Hypertension 2nd and 3rd degree

2nd degree hypertension is when the blood pressure is constantly at the level of 160/100 mm Hg. or higher. During these stages of high blood pressure, doctors may prescribe a combination of blood pressure medications and recommend immediate lifestyle changes.

Hypertensive crisis

This stage of high blood pressure requires medical attention. If your blood pressure reading suddenly goes over 180/120 mmHg. Art., wait five minutes, and then check your blood pressure again. If your readings are still unusually high, contact your doctor immediately. Perhaps you have a hypertensive crisis.

If your blood pressure is over 180/120 mm Hg. Art. and you are experiencing signs of possible organ damage such as chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, numbness/weakness, vision changes or difficulty speaking, do not expect pressure relief. Call 103

Symptoms of low blood pressure

Most doctors consider chronic low blood pressure to be dangerous only if it causes noticeable signs and symptoms, such as:

• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Fainting
• Dehydration and unusual thirst
• Lack of concentration
• Blurred vision
• Cold, clammy, pale skin
• Fast breathing
• Fatigue
• Depression

A single abnormal blood pressure reading is not a cause for concern unless you are experiencing any other symptoms.

Why blood pressure is measured in mmHg. Art.

Abbreviation mmHg Art. means millimeters of mercury. Mercury was used in the first accurate pressure gauges, and the unit is still used in medicine today as the standard unit for measuring pressure.

What is systolic blood pressure and why is it important?

Contents

• 1 Systolic blood pressure
  • 1.1 Systolic blood pressure and its role in the body
  • 1.2 What is systolic blood pressure?
  • 1.3 What does systolic blood pressure affect?
  • 1.4 How is systolic blood pressure measured?
  • 1.5 What is normal systolic blood pressure?
  • 1.6 What factors can affect systolic blood pressure?
  • 1.7 What problems are associated with high systolic blood pressure?
  • 1.8 What problems are associated with low systolic blood pressure?
  • 1.9 Why is systolic blood pressure control important for health?
  • 1.10 What methods help lower systolic blood pressure?
  • 1. 11 What methods help to increase systolic blood pressure?
  • 1.12 What options does modern medicine offer to control systolic blood pressure?
  • 1.13 Related videos:
  • 1.14 Q&A:
    • • 1.14.0.1 What is systolic blood pressure?
      • 1.14.0.2 Why is systolic blood pressure important?
      • 1.14.0.3 What are normal systolic blood pressure values?
      • 1.14.0.4 What factors can affect systolic blood pressure?
      • 1.14.0.5 What are the consequences of an increase in systolic blood pressure?

Systolic blood pressure is one of the indicators of cardiovascular health. Find out what systolic blood pressure is, the norms for different age groups, the reasons for its changes and how to keep it in the optimal range.

Systolic blood pressure is a measure of the pressure of blood in the arteries during systole, the phase of the cardiac cycle during which the heart contracts and squeezes blood into the arteries. This pressure is the top number in a blood pressure measurement and is usually written first.

Systolic blood pressure is important for assessing the work of the heart and the state of blood vessels. High values ​​of this indicator may indicate the presence of hypertension or high blood pressure. Persistently elevated systolic pressure can have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system and lead to damage to the arteries and organs such as the heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain.

Low systolic blood pressure may be associated with low blood pressure or hypotension. This may indicate weakness of the heart, a decrease in blood volume, or vasodilation.

It is important to monitor and maintain systolic blood pressure levels to maintain a healthy heart and circulatory system. Regular blood pressure checks, a healthy lifestyle, and taking appropriate medications can help control systolic blood pressure and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Systolic blood pressure and its role in the body

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is one of the key indicators of blood pressure and reflects the force with which the heart contracts during systole, the phase of the cardiac cycle when blood is ejected from the heart into the arteries.

SBP also plays a role in determining the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and heart attack. An increase in SBP can cause vascular and organ damage on a long-term basis.

A tonometer is used to measure SBP, which allows you to determine the difference in pressure during the systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle. The measurement results allow doctors to assess the state of the cardiovascular system and take the necessary measures to maintain the health of the body.

Having an understanding of the role of systolic blood pressure, it is important to monitor its indicators and, if necessary, take measures to normalize it. This may include lifestyle changes such as increased physical activity and improved nutrition, as well as taking prescription medications.

What is systolic blood pressure?

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is a measure of blood pressure that measures the pressure in the arteries during a heartbeat or systole. SBP is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg).

Normal systolic pressure is usually 120 mmHg. or less. However, some people may experience deviations in the direction of increasing or decreasing SBP due to various factors, such as age, health status, the presence of diseases or physical activity.

Elevated systolic blood pressure may indicate hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or other conditions. SBP level over 140 mm Hg. considered elevated and requires attention and possible treatment.

Low systolic pressure (less than 90 mmHg) may indicate hypotension or other health problems such as heart failure or reduced vascular reactivity. Low SBP also requires attention and may require specialized intervention.

What does systolic blood pressure affect?

Systolic blood pressure is one of the key indicators of the general condition of the cardiovascular system of the body. It indicates the force with which blood is squeezed out of the heart into the arteries during the contraction of the heart muscle during systole.

Systolic pressure is important for the body because it affects the functioning of all organs and systems. When systolic pressure rises, it may indicate a health problem such as hypertension or heart failure.

A decrease in systolic pressure can also have negative consequences for the body. Low systolic pressure may indicate a decrease in cardiac output, insufficient blood circulation, and a decrease in the supply of oxygen and nutrients to organs and tissues. This can lead to dizziness, weakness, loss of consciousness and other serious health problems.

How is systolic blood pressure measured?

Systolic blood pressure is measured using a special device – a tonometer. Usually a special cuff is used, which is put on the patient’s shoulder. The cuff is inflated to put pressure on the artery and stop blood flow. Then, using a stethoscope or an electronic blood pressure monitor, a doctor or medical staff can determine the pressure by listening to the audio signals of the blood flow or by reading the readings on the device screen.

Pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is written as two numbers, eg 120/80. The first number is the systolic pressure, which is determined when the heart contracts and blood is ejected into the arteries. The second number is diastolic pressure, which is determined when the heart relaxes and the arteries fill with blood.

The measurement of systolic blood pressure is an important indicator of the overall health of the cardiovascular system. High systolic pressure may indicate heart or vascular problems such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, or other conditions. Low systolic pressure, on the other hand, may be due to heart failure or decreased blood volume in the system.

What is normal systolic blood pressure?

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is one of the main indicators of cardiovascular health. It reflects the force with which blood is squeezed out of the heart into the arteries during systole, the phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and ejects blood into the arterial system.

Normal systolic blood pressure is usually just under 120 mmHg. However, acceptable SBP values ​​may vary depending on various factors such as the age and health of the individual.

Generally, in adults without chronic disease or cardiovascular problems, a systolic blood pressure of up to 140 mmHg is considered normal. However, for some populations, such as the elderly, children, or people with pre-existing health problems, acceptable SBP values ​​may be below this level.

It is important to note that with a persistent increase in systolic blood pressure, there is a risk of developing cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, stroke or heart attack. Therefore, regular measurement of blood pressure and maintaining it within normal limits play an important role in maintaining the health of the heart and blood vessels.

What factors can affect systolic blood pressure?

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is the pressure in the arteries during systole, that is, during the contraction of the heart. This indicator is one of the most important indicators of health and can be increased or decreased for a number of reasons.

One factor that can affect systolic blood pressure is age. As we age, arteries become less elastic and more prone to hardening, which can lead to increased pressure.

The state of blood vessels and the heart is also of great importance. If the vessels are constricted or heart disease leads to a decrease in blood output, then the systolic pressure may be lowered. At the same time, elevated systolic pressure may be due to problems in the heart, which lead to an increase in the volume of blood pumped by the heart.

Lifestyle also plays a role in changes in systolic blood pressure. So, the use of a large amount of salt in food can lead to water retention in the body and increased pressure. Lack of physical activity can also negatively affect the work of the heart and blood vessels, affecting systolic pressure.

Another factor that influences systolic blood pressure is genetic predisposition. Heredity can affect the state of blood vessels and the heart, and consequently, systolic pressure.

Thus, systolic blood pressure can be increased or decreased under the influence of various factors such as age, vascular and cardiac conditions, lifestyle and genetics. Controlling and maintaining a normal level of systolic pressure is essential for maintaining health.

What problems are associated with high systolic blood pressure?

High systolic blood pressure (SBP) is a serious condition that must be monitored and treated to prevent dangerous complications. High SBP is associated with the risk of developing problems such as:

• Nausea and vomiting: High SBP can irritate the stomach and cause unpleasant symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
• Headache: Pressure in the blood vessels can cause severe headaches that can be long lasting and interfere with normal life.
• Heart failure: High blood pressure can cause cardiac overload and heart failure.
• Stroke: High systolic blood pressure increases the risk of stroke, as high blood pressure leads to vascular damage and blood clots.
• Kidney disease: High blood pressure can damage the kidneys and lead to chronic kidney disease.

These are just a few examples of problems associated with high systolic blood pressure. Therefore, it is very important to regularly measure the pressure, monitor its performance and, if necessary, take measures to reduce it. Leading a healthy lifestyle, eating right, being physically active, and taking medications prescribed by your doctor will help prevent possible problems associated with high blood pressure.

What problems are associated with low systolic blood pressure?

Low systolic blood pressure, also known as hypotension, can cause a variety of problems and symptoms in a person. Due to low blood pressure, there is a general depression, weakness and drowsiness, which can significantly reduce performance and quality of life.

The main problem with low systolic blood pressure is the need for constant monitoring and vigilance, as reduced pressure can lead to convulsions, falls and loss of consciousness. The reason for concern is that these conditions can cause serious injury, especially in the elderly or those with pre-existing medical problems.

Another problem associated with low systolic blood pressure is the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Low blood pressure can lead to insufficient blood supply to organs and tissues, including the heart itself. As a result, heart attacks, arrhythmias, and other heart problems can occur.

Low systolic blood pressure can also lead to digestive problems. Inadequate blood supply to the digestive system can cause discomfort, bloating, constipation, and other digestive problems. These symptoms can significantly affect your overall well-being and quality of life.

In summary, problems associated with low systolic blood pressure include deterioration in general health, risk of injury and loss of consciousness, the possibility of developing cardiovascular disease, and problems with the digestive system. It is important to monitor your blood pressure and seek medical attention if necessary to prevent serious consequences.

Why is systolic blood pressure control important for health?

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is one of the key indicators of cardiovascular health. It displays the force with which blood presses on the walls of the arteries during heart contractions. Monitoring of SBP should be carried out regularly, because an increase in this indicator can be a health complication.

An increase in systolic blood pressure is often associated with serious medical conditions such as hypertension and heart failure. If the normal values ​​of SBP are exceeded, the heart begins to work with a higher load, exerting more effort to pump blood through the arteries. This can lead to a variety of problems, including worsening heart function and an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

SBP control is also important in preventing complications associated with high blood pressure and heart disease. High systolic pressure can damage organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. It can be a major cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic kidney disease, and other dangerous conditions. Therefore, it is important to control and maintain normal SBP values ​​in order to reduce the risk of such complications.

Control of systolic blood pressure allows you to detect its deviations in a timely manner and take the necessary measures to improve the health of the cardiovascular system. Regular measurement of SBP helps to establish the dynamics of changes and take appropriate measures to prevent negative consequences. This may include lifestyle changes, exercise, a healthy diet, and medication to lower blood pressure.

With a wide range of problems related to the heart and blood vessels, control of systolic blood pressure becomes an indispensable factor in health. Daily monitoring of this indicator helps prevent the development of various diseases of the cardiovascular system and maintain a healthy quality of life.

What methods help lower systolic blood pressure?

Reducing systolic blood pressure is an important goal for maintaining health and preventing cardiovascular disease. There are several methods to help achieve this goal.

1. Lifestyle changes: Eating salt is one of the main causes of high blood pressure. Therefore, you should reduce your salt intake and pay attention to food labels in order to choose more low-salt alternatives.
2. Physical activity: Regular exercise plays an important role in lowering systolic blood pressure. It is recommended that you engage in aerobic exercise such as walking, running, swimming or cycling for 30 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week.
3. Proper nutrition: Reducing saturated fat, cholesterol and refined carbohydrates will help improve vascular health and lower systolic blood pressure. It is recommended to increase the intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts and replace animal fats with vegetable oils.
4. Refusal of bad habits: Smoking and alcohol consumption have a negative impact on the state of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, to reduce systolic pressure, it is recommended to completely get rid of these bad habits.
5. Stress management: Stress and tension can cause high blood pressure. To reduce systolic pressure, it is important to learn how to manage stress effectively. To do this, you can use methods such as meditation, yoga, deep breathing and other relaxation techniques.

It is important to remember that before making lifestyle changes and starting any exercise, you should consult your doctor. Only he will be able to choose the most appropriate method and draw up an individual program for reducing systolic blood pressure.

What methods help to increase systolic blood pressure?

Elevated systolic blood pressure can have a negative impact on human health. In such cases, it is important to take measures to increase it and restore normal levels. There are several methods that can help increase systolic blood pressure.

1. Salt intake. Salty food contributes to fluid retention in the body, which can lead to increased pressure. However, this does not mean that you need to increase your salt intake in large quantities, as this can negatively affect kidney function.
2. Medical treatment. Some medications, such as epinephrine or norepinephrine, may help increase systolic blood pressure. However, the use of drugs should be prescribed by a doctor and monitored for side effects.
3. Physical exercise. Regular exercise can help strengthen your cardiovascular system and raise your blood pressure. Aerobic exercise such as walking, running, swimming or cycling is recommended.
4. Proper nutrition. A diet rich in potassium, magnesium and folic acid may help increase systolic blood pressure. Foods such as nuts, bananas, green vegetables, whole grains, and fish are recommended.
5. Stress control. Stress can negatively affect blood pressure. Stress management strategies such as meditation, deep breathing, yoga, and regular rest can help increase systolic pressure and return it to normal levels.

If it is necessary to increase systolic blood pressure, it is recommended to consult a doctor who will diagnose the state of health and advise the most appropriate methods for increasing the pressure.

What options does modern medicine offer to control systolic blood pressure?

Modern medicine offers a wide range of options for controlling systolic blood pressure. One of the most common methods is to measure pressure with a tonometer. For this procedure, special devices are used that allow you to accurately determine the systolic pressure.

In addition to the traditional stethoscope measurement, modern medicine also offers automated methods for monitoring systolic blood pressure using electronic blood pressure monitors. These devices have a number of advantages such as measurement accuracy, ease of use and the ability to record data for later analysis.

For a more visual representation of the dynamics of systolic pressure, medicine offers control methods using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. During this procedure, the patient wears a special device that records pressure for 24 hours. This method allows you to more accurately track changes in blood pressure during the day and identify pathological changes.

For more accurate monitoring of systolic blood pressure, modern medicine also offers the use of the latest technologies, such as mobile applications and self-monitoring devices. With the help of such applications and devices, patients can independently measure pressure and track its dynamics in real time. This may be especially beneficial for people at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

In general, modern medicine offers many options for controlling systolic blood pressure. Regular and accurate blood pressure monitoring is an important aspect of maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing the development of serious complications.

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Q&A:

What is systolic blood pressure?

Systolic blood pressure is a measure of the blood pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart, that is, during systole. This is usually the higher of the two blood pressure readings (the second reading is diastolic pressure).

Why is systolic blood pressure important?

Systolic blood pressure is important because it reflects the work of the heart during systole when it contracts and ejects blood into the arteries. High systolic pressure can be a sign of heart rhythm disturbances and may indicate the presence of various diseases.