How can you effectively control indoor allergens. What steps can you take to improve air quality in your home. How do dust mites, pet dander, and mold affect indoor air quality. What are the most effective strategies for reducing allergens in your living space.

Understanding Indoor Allergens and Their Impact on Air Quality

Indoor allergens pose a significant challenge for many individuals, particularly those with allergies or asthma. These microscopic particles can severely impact indoor air quality, leading to various health issues. But what exactly are indoor allergens, and how do they affect our living spaces?

Indoor allergens are substances that trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. They include:

• Dust mites
• Pet dander
• Mold spores
• Cockroach droppings
• Pollen (when it enters from outside)

These allergens can cause a range of symptoms, from sneezing and runny noses to more severe respiratory issues. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), indoor air can be two to five times more polluted than outdoor air, making allergen control a crucial aspect of maintaining a healthy home environment.

The Prevalence of Indoor Allergens

How widespread is the problem of indoor allergens? Statistics reveal a startling reality:

• 80% of people in the United States are exposed to dust mites
• 60% are exposed to cat or dog dander
• Cockroach allergens are particularly prevalent in inner cities and southern parts of the U.S.

These numbers underscore the importance of taking proactive measures to control indoor allergens and improve air quality in our homes, offices, schools, and even vehicles.

Identifying Common Sources of Indoor Allergens

To effectively combat indoor allergens, it’s crucial to identify their primary sources. Where do these pesky particles originate, and how can we target them?

The main culprits contributing to indoor allergen levels include:

• Pets (dogs, cats, birds)
• Wall-to-wall carpeting
• Upholstered furniture
• Stuffed toys
• Bedding materials
• Damp areas prone to mold growth
• Indoor plants
• Uncovered mattresses and pillows

It’s important to note that allergens can accumulate on surfaces more than in the air itself. When these surfaces are disturbed through activities like dusting or sitting, the allergens become airborne, potentially triggering allergic reactions.

The Size of Allergens: Why It Matters

Allergen particles vary in size, typically measured in microns (micrometers). Their size plays a crucial role in how they behave in the air and their potential impact on health. Smaller particles can remain airborne for longer periods and penetrate deeper into the respiratory system.

For context, here are some common allergen sizes:

• Dust mite allergens: 10-40 microns
• Pet dander: 2.5-10 microns
• Mold spores: 10-30 microns
• Pollen: 15-200 microns

Understanding these sizes can help in selecting appropriate air filtration systems and cleaning methods to target specific allergens effectively.

Effective Strategies for Controlling Dust Mites

Dust mites are one of the most common indoor allergens, thriving in warm, humid environments. How can you effectively reduce their presence in your home?

Here are some proven strategies to control dust mites:

1. Use allergen-resistant covers: Encase mattresses, pillows, and box springs in zippered, allergen-resistant or plastic covers. These barriers are highly effective in minimizing contact with dust mites.
2. Wash bedding regularly: Launder bedding, uncovered pillows, and stuffed toys weekly in hot water (130°F or hotter) and dry them in a hot dryer cycle to kill dust mites.
3. Reduce humidity: Maintain indoor humidity levels below 50% to create an inhospitable environment for dust mites. Use dehumidifiers or air conditioners to achieve this.
4. Opt for bare floors: If possible, replace wall-to-wall carpeting with hardwood, tile, or low-pile carpets that can be easily cleaned.
5. Vacuum frequently: Use a CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® vacuum cleaner to effectively remove allergens without redistributing them into the air.

By implementing these measures, you can significantly reduce dust mite populations and alleviate associated allergy symptoms.

The Importance of Proper Cleaning Techniques

While cleaning is essential for allergen control, improper methods can exacerbate the problem. How can you clean effectively without stirring up allergens?

• Use damp cloths or microfiber dusters to trap allergens rather than dispersing them
• Wear a mask while cleaning to avoid inhaling allergens
• Consider leaving the house for several hours after thorough cleaning to allow airborne particles to settle
• Use high-efficiency air purifiers to capture airborne allergens during and after cleaning

Managing Pet Allergies: Strategies for Animal Lovers

For many allergy sufferers, pets can be a significant source of allergens. Is it possible to coexist with furry friends while managing allergies?

While most allergists recommend that individuals with severe animal allergies avoid pets with fur or feathers, there are strategies that can help reduce allergen exposure for those who already have pets or have milder allergies:

• Designate pet-free zones: Keep pets out of bedrooms and other areas where you spend a lot of time.
• Groom pets regularly: Frequent bathing and brushing can help reduce the amount of dander and loose fur. However, have a non-allergic family member perform these tasks.
• Use HEPA air purifiers: These can help remove airborne pet allergens from your home.
• Clean frequently: Vacuum carpets and upholstery often, and wash pet bedding regularly.
• Consider hypoallergenic breeds: While no pet is truly hypoallergenic, some breeds produce fewer allergenic proteins.

It’s important to note that there’s no such thing as a completely hypoallergenic pet. All animals with fur or feathers produce dander, which contains allergenic proteins. However, some pets may produce fewer allergens, potentially leading to reduced symptoms in allergic individuals.

The Role of Allergy Testing

If you suspect you have a pet allergy, it’s crucial to consult with a board-certified allergist for proper testing and diagnosis. Allergy tests can help identify specific triggers and guide appropriate management strategies.

Combating Mold and Pollen: Year-Round Allergen Control

Mold and pollen are persistent allergens that can affect indoor air quality throughout the year. How can you protect your home from these outdoor invaders?

To combat mold growth and reduce pollen intrusion:

1. Control humidity: Keep indoor humidity levels between 30-50% to discourage mold growth.
2. Fix leaks promptly: Address any water damage or leaks immediately to prevent mold proliferation.
3. Use exhaust fans: Ensure proper ventilation in bathrooms, kitchens, and other high-moisture areas.
4. Keep windows closed: During high pollen seasons, keep windows and doors closed to prevent pollen from entering.
5. Use air conditioning: AC units can help filter out pollen and reduce humidity.
6. Clean or replace filters: Regularly maintain HVAC systems and replace filters as recommended.

By implementing these strategies, you can create a barrier against outdoor allergens and maintain better indoor air quality year-round.

The Impact of Seasonal Changes on Indoor Allergens

How do changing seasons affect indoor allergen levels? Understanding seasonal patterns can help you prepare and adjust your allergen control strategies:

• Spring: Increased pollen levels may require more frequent cleaning and air filtration.
• Summer: Higher humidity can lead to increased dust mite and mold growth.
• Fall: Ragweed pollen and mold spores from decaying leaves can infiltrate homes.
• Winter: Closed-up homes may lead to higher concentrations of indoor allergens like pet dander and dust mites.

The Role of Air Cleaning Devices in Allergen Control

Air cleaning devices are often touted as solutions for improving indoor air quality. But how effective are they in controlling allergens?

While air cleaners can be beneficial, they should be considered as part of a comprehensive allergen control strategy rather than a standalone solution. Here’s what you need to know:

• HEPA filters: High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters can remove up to 99.97% of airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns.
• CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® filters: These can filter almost 98% of allergen particles in the air.
• Limitations: Air cleaners are most effective when combined with source control and adequate ventilation.
• Placement: For maximum effectiveness, place air cleaners in areas where you spend the most time, such as bedrooms.

While air cleaning devices can help reduce airborne allergens, it’s crucial to address the source of allergens and implement other control measures for comprehensive allergen management.

Choosing the Right Air Cleaner

When selecting an air cleaner, consider the following factors:

• Room size: Ensure the device is rated for the square footage of the space.
• CADR rating: Look for a high Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) for specific pollutants.
• Noise level: Consider the device’s operational noise, especially for bedroom use.
• Maintenance requirements: Factor in the cost and frequency of filter replacements.
• Energy efficiency: Look for ENERGY STAR certified models to reduce energy consumption.

Creating an Allergy-Friendly Home Environment

Creating an allergy-friendly home involves more than just cleaning and air filtration. How can you design your living spaces to minimize allergen accumulation?

Consider these tips for an allergy-friendly home design:

1. Choose hard flooring: Opt for hardwood, tile, or linoleum instead of wall-to-wall carpeting.
2. Select easy-to-clean furniture: Choose leather or vinyl upholstery over fabric.
3. Use washable window treatments: Replace heavy drapes with washable curtains or blinds.
4. Declutter regularly: Minimize surfaces where dust can accumulate.
5. Use allergy-proof bedding: Invest in allergen-resistant mattress and pillow covers.
6. Consider a central vacuum system: These systems can help remove allergens more effectively than traditional vacuums.

By incorporating these design elements, you can create a living space that naturally resists allergen accumulation and is easier to keep clean.

The Importance of Proper Ventilation

Adequate ventilation is crucial for maintaining good indoor air quality. How can you improve ventilation in your home?

• Use exhaust fans in bathrooms and kitchens to remove moisture and odors.
• Consider a whole-house ventilation system to continuously exchange indoor and outdoor air.
• Open windows periodically (when pollen counts are low) to allow fresh air circulation.
• Ensure HVAC systems are properly maintained and filters are changed regularly.

Developing a Comprehensive Allergen Control Plan

Effective allergen control requires a multi-faceted approach. How can you develop a comprehensive plan to manage indoor allergens?

Here’s a step-by-step guide to creating your allergen control plan:

1. Identify your specific allergen triggers through allergy testing.
2. Assess your home for potential allergen sources and problem areas.
3. Implement source control measures (e.g., removing carpets, controlling humidity).
4. Establish a regular cleaning schedule using allergen-reducing techniques.
5. Invest in appropriate air filtration systems for your space.
6. Create allergen-free zones, particularly in bedrooms.
7. Educate family members or roommates about allergen control practices.
8. Monitor indoor air quality and adjust strategies as needed.

Remember, allergen control is an ongoing process. Regularly reassess your plan and make adjustments based on changing seasons, lifestyle factors, or new allergy developments.

The Role of Professional Services in Allergen Control

While many allergen control measures can be implemented on your own, professional services can provide additional support. When should you consider professional help?

• Professional carpet and upholstery cleaning: Deep cleaning can remove embedded allergens.
• HVAC system cleaning: Professional duct cleaning can remove accumulated allergens from your ventilation system.
• Mold remediation: For extensive mold problems, professional removal is often necessary.
• Indoor air quality testing: Professional testing can identify specific allergen concentrations in your home.

By combining personal efforts with professional services when needed, you can create a comprehensive allergen control strategy that significantly improves your indoor air quality and overall health.

Control Indoor Allergens to Improve Indoor Air Quality

Allergy and asthma control begins at home. Many people with allergies stay indoors when pollen and mold is high. But dust mites, pet dander and even cockroaches can cause problems indoors.¹

The Environmental Protection Agency recommends three ways you can improve indoor air quality:²

• Control your contact with indoor airborne allergens
• Ventilate your indoor areas well
• Use air cleaners to clean indoor air

Eight out of 10 people in the United States are exposed to dust mites. Six out of 10 are exposed to cat or dog dander. Cockroaches cause allergic reactions in people who live in the inner cities or southern parts of the United States. ³

Better air quality in your home, office, school and car can reduce allergy and asthma triggers.

What Size Are Allergens?

Allergens are substances that cause allergic reactions and trigger asthma symptoms in some people. The air spreads allergens around. They settle onto furniture and floors. They vary in size and are measured in microns (also called micrometers).⁴

Is It Possible to Control Indoor Allergens?

You can control indoor allergens with cleaning and reducing allergens in your home. The main sources of indoor allergens are:

• Pets
• Wall-to-wall carpet
• Soft furniture
• Stuffed toys
• Bedding
• Damp areas
• Indoor plants
• Mattresses that aren’t in allergy covers
• Pillows and bedding you can’t wash in hot water

There may be more allergens on surfaces than in the air. Surface allergens enter the air easily when you disturb them by dusting or sitting.

Will Air Cleaning Devices Help?

Air cleaning devices might help. But the best way to improve your air quality is to get rid of the sources of allergens and irritants from your home. Take measures to avoid and reduce your contact with allergens. Also increase the flow of outdoor air into your home and reduce humidity as much as possible.

Reducing humidity decreases dust mites and mold growth. Air conditioners help reduce humidity too. They can also prevent outdoor allergens. Keep your windows and doors closed. Turn your air conditioner on recirculate. These steps can help reduce outdoor allergens like pollen and mold.

Air cleaners with CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® filters can filter almost 98% of allergen particles in the air. Look for CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® devices.

What Steps Can I Take to Control Indoor Allergens?

Control dust mites. Keep surfaces in your home clean and uncluttered. Bare floors and walls are best, especially in the bedroom where you spend one-third of your time. Avoid wall-to-wall carpet, if possible. If you must have carpet, use low-pile carpets or throw rugs you can wash. Also avoid heavy drapes and overstuffed fabric furniture. Replace drapes and blinds with roll-down shades or washable curtains. ⁵

Use zippered allergen-resistant or plastic covers on your pillows, mattresses and box springs. These covers are very effective in controlling your contact with dust mites. Encasing mattresses works better than air cleaners to reduce allergy symptoms. Wash your bedding, uncovered pillows and stuffed toys in water 130 degrees Fahrenheit or hotter each week. Dry them in a hot dryer cycle to kill dust mites.

Vacuum once or twice a week. Vacuuming helps keep allergens low. But poor quality vacuums could put dust into the air. Look for CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® vacuums. These vacuums have been tested and found to prevent allergens from going back into the air.

If you have allergies, wear a mask while doing housework. Use a cloth that is damp or treated with polish for dusting. Leave the house for several hours after cleaning it.

Prevent pet dander. Most doctors suggest that people who have allergies to animal dander not have pets with feathers or fur. There is no such thing as a hypoallergenic pet. People with pet allergies are allergic to animal dander which are shed skin cells that all animals have. Some animal dander has fewer allergenic proteins. This may lead to fewer or no symptoms.

Keep pets out of your bedroom. Close the doors to bedrooms when you are not home to keep pets out. Cover vents with dense material like cheesecloth. Animal allergens are sticky. Wash and change your animal’s favorite furniture and toys often.

Replace wall-to-wall carpet with bare floors or a low-pile carpet. Bathing and brushing your pets often may reduce symptoms. But avoid grooming your pets if you have animal allergies. If you must groom them, wear a mask.

Long-haired pets can also bring pollen inside in high pollen seasons like spring and fall.

If you suspect you have a pet allergy, see a board-certified allergist for allergy testing.

Prevent pollen from getting inside by keeping windows and doors closed. Use air conditioning in warm weather to control dust mites and reduce humidity. Change filters often.

Avoid mold spores. Reduce moisture around the bathroom, kitchen and other areas where there is a lot of water. Here are some ways you can reduce mold:

• Don’t run your showers for a long time before bathing.
• Use dehumidifiers to reduce both mold and dust mites.
• Use humidity monitors.
• Limit yourself to a few house plants.
• Fix all leaks and other causes of damp areas.
• If you see mold on a surface, clean it immediately. Wear a mask and clean the surface each week to keep it from returning.

Control cockroaches. Do not leave food or garbage uncovered. Use poison baits, boric acid and traps instead of chemicals. Chemicals may irritate your sinuses and asthma.

Using CERTIFIED asthma & allergy friendly® products in your home can help you have a healthier indoor environment, as well as reduce allergens.

Learn more about the asthma & allergy friendly® Certification Program by visiting aafa. org/certified.

Medical Review: September 2015

References

1. Päivi M. Salo, et al. Exposure to multiple indoor allergens in US homes and relationship to asthma. JACI. Mar 2008. (Retrieved April 24 2017)

2. Improving Indoor Air Quality. (2016, October 14). Retrieved April 24, 2017, from https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/improving-indoor-air-quality (Retrieved April 24 2017)

3. Sporik, R. Exposure to House Dust Mite Allergen, NEJM. 1990, 323 (8), p.502. (Retrieved April 24 2017)

4. Middleton, E., Adkinson, N. F., Busse, W. W., Bochner, B. S., O’Hehir, R. E., Holgate, S. T., Lemanske, R. F. (2014). 28. In Middleton’s Allergy: Principles and Practice (8th ed.). W B Saunders Company. (Retrieved April 24 2017)

5. Lockey, R. F., Bukantz, S. C., & Bousquet, J. (2004). Mite Allergens. In Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy. New York: Marcel Dekker. (Retrieved April 24 2017)

Indoor Allergens | AAAAI

Millions of people suffer year-round from allergy symptoms caused by indoor allergens. These culprits include dust mite droppings, animal dander, cockroach droppings and molds.

Your immune system controls how your body defends itself. For instance, if you have an allergy to dust mites, your immune system identifies dust mites as an invader or allergen. Your immune system overreacts by producing allergic antibodies called Immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies travel to cells that release chemicals, causing an allergic reaction. This reaction usually causes symptoms such as sneezing, stuffiness, a runny nose, or itchiness in your nose, the roof of your mouth, throat, eyes or ears.

When these symptoms occur year-round, the condition is called perennial allergic rhinitis. In addition to causing allergy symptoms, allergens can also trigger asthma flare ups in people with allergic asthma.

With the help of an allergist / immunologist, often referred to as an allergist, you can learn what allergens cause your symptoms. While avoiding allergens is the most effective treatment approach, strict avoidance isn’t always possible. Here are some changes you can make to help you feel better.

Dust Mites

Dust mite allergens are a common trigger of allergy and asthma symptoms. While they can be found throughout the house, these microscopic creatures thrive in warm, humid environments such as bedding, upholstered furniture and carpeting.

Because so much time is spent in the bedroom, it is essential to reduce mite levels there. Encase mattresses, box springs and pillows in special allergen-proof fabric covers or airtight, zippered plastic covers. Bedding should be washed weekly in hot water (130° F) and dried in a hot dryer. Allergen-proof covers are available for comforters and pillows that can’t be regularly washed.

Keep humidity low by using a dehumidifier or air conditioning. Wall-to-wall carpeting should be removed as much as possible. Instead, throw rugs may be used if they are regularly washed or dry cleaned.

Pet Allergens

Contrary to popular opinion, there are no “hypoallergenic” breeds of dogs or cats. That is because people are not allergic to an animal’s hair, but to an allergen found in the saliva, dander (dead skin flakes) or urine of an animal with fur.

Pet allergy symptoms typically occur within minutes, with short-term exposure. With more chronic exposure symptoms may occur more chronically and not as acutely. For some people, symptoms build and become most severe 8 to 12 hours after contact with the animal. People with severe allergies can experience reactions in public places if dander has been transported on pet owners’ clothing.

Keeping an animal outdoors is only a partial solution, since homes with pets in the yard still have higher concentrations of animal allergens.

Before getting a pet, ask your allergist to determine if you are allergic to animals. If your pet is already considered part of your family, try to minimize contact and keep the pet out of the bedroom and other rooms where you spend a great deal of time. As with dust mites, vacuum carpets often or replace carpet with a hardwood floor, tile or linoleum.

While dander and saliva are the source of cat and dog allergens, urine is the source of allergens from rabbits, hamsters, mice and guinea pigs; so ask a non-allergic family member to clean the animal’s cage.

If you have a pet allergy, talk to your allergist about the potential for allergy immunotherapy (allergy shots). This strategy can often provide long-term relief.

Cockroaches

Cockroaches are often found in the homes of densely populated urban areas, schools or commercial buildings, but these creatures can lurk almost anywhere. This does not mean that you have a dirty house or living area.

Block all areas where roaches can enter the home. This includes crevices, wall cracks and windows. Cockroaches need water to survive, so fix and seal all leaky faucets and pipes. Have an exterminator go through the house when your family and pets are gone to eliminate any remaining roaches.

Keep food in lidded containers and put pet food dishes away after your pets are done eating. Vacuum and sweep the floor after meals, and take out garbage and recyclables. Use lidded garbage containers in the kitchen. Wash dishes immediately after use and clean under stoves, refrigerators or toasters where crumbs can accumulate. Wipe off the stove and other kitchen surfaces and cupboards regularly.

Indoor Molds

Indoor molds and mildew need dampness typically found in basements, bathrooms or anywhere with leaks. Get rid of mold growth on hard surfaces with water, detergent and, if necessary, 5% bleach (do not mix with other cleaners). Then dry the area completely. If mold covers an area more than 10 square feet, consider hiring an indoor environmental professional. For clothing, washing with soap and water is best. If moldy items cannot be cleaned and dried, throw them away.

Repair and seal leaking roofs or pipes. Using dehumidifiers in damp basements may be helpful, but empty the water and clean units regularly to prevent mildew from forming. All rooms, especially basements, bathrooms and kitchens, require ventilation and cleaning to deter mold and mildew growth. Avoid carpeting on concrete or damp floors, and storing items in damp areas.

Healthy Tips

• Allergic rhinitis symptoms can occur in the nose, lungs, throat, sinuses, ears and eyes.

• Your allergist can help you identify things in your home, workplace or school that make your symptoms worse.

• Allergens can trigger asthma symptoms in people with allergic asthma.

• Avoiding allergens that cause symptoms is the most effective way to treat symptoms.

Feel Better. Live Better.

An allergist / immunologist, often referred to as an allergist, is a pediatrician or internist with at least two additional years of specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies, asthma, immune deficiencies and other immunologic diseases.

By visiting the office of an allergist, you can expect an accurate diagnosis, a treatment plan that works and educational information to help you manage your disease and feel better.

If you would like to order a brochure on this topic visit the AAAAI Store.

The AAAAI’s Find an Allergist / Immunologist service is a trusted resource to help you find a specialist close to home.

Reviewed: 9/28/20

Indoor Allergies, Allergic Rhinitis

Important information for those suffering from “indoor allergies”.

You have noticed that in any room (whether at home or at work) you began to feel worse. Nasal congestion, sneezing or itching of the eyelids, lacrimation appeared. Or maybe you have difficulty breathing or coughing?
It is likely that this is an allergy.

Allergy (hypersensitivity) can manifest itself in different ways. This is due to the fact that the contact of the skin and mucous membranes of a person with allergens, i.e. particles that provoke the onset of allergy symptoms leads to the appearance of an inflammatory process in various organs and tissues of a person. Most people are not allergic and therefore do not notice the presence of these allergens. However, those who have such a predisposition experience significant discomfort, and in some cases suffer from severe allergies.
Here are the most common manifestations of allergies that can be associated with exposure to allergens present in various rooms:

1. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis : nasal congestion, sneezing, itching in the nasal cavity, profuse discharge from the nasal passages, pain in the middle ear, decreased sense of smell. In more severe cases, allergic rhinitis may be complicated by sinusitis or ethmoiditis. Polyps can form in the nasal cavity and maxillary sinuses.
2. Symptoms allergic conjunctivitis : lacrimation, redness of the eyes, feeling of “sand in the eyes”, itching of the eyelids. In severe cases of the disease, edema of the eyelids may appear, the addition of a secondary infection.
3. Symptoms of bronchial asthma : attacks of suffocation or shortness of breath, cough. If timely measures are not taken to prevent exacerbations of the disease, then severe complications may develop that affect the function of the lungs and heart.
4. Atopic dermatitis : skin manifestations in the form of rashes, peeling and redness of the skin. With a long course, it leads to the appearance of complications: the addition of a secondary infection, trophic disorders, etc.
5. Possible development of urticaria and angioedema (especially in people with hypersensitivity to fungal allergens when eating certain foods – see below).

In some cases, the same person has not one, but several of the above diseases at once. Symptoms may vary in severity, be present all the time, or be disturbing from time to time. In addition to the above manifestations of allergies, there may be complaints of swelling in the face, headache, weakness, decreased performance, irritability.

Most often, a person suffering from this form of allergy feels a clear connection between their presence in a certain room and the appearance of symptoms. However, in some cases, it is very difficult to assume the “guilty” allergen without an allergological examination, especially if the allergic reaction does not occur immediately (delayed type reactions are possible in the presence of a fungal allergy).

Without special recommendations to eliminate the “guilty” allergens, allergic diseases begin to progress, complications appear, and a need for more serious treatment arises.

“GUY” ALLERGENS

House dust, mites.

One of the main “culprits” of indoor allergies is house dust. An allergy that is associated with exposure to house dust is called household. It should be noted that house dust is not one allergen, but a whole mosaic of allergens – particles of vegetable (wood dust, fabrics – flax and cotton) and animal origin (pet hair, feathers and fluff of birds), fungal spores, fragments of insects, etc. .

But microscopic mites and their metabolic products can be considered as the sources of the most dangerous allergens. According to various sources, from 3 to 30% of people suffer from hypersensitivity to house dust mites. These creatures, invisible to the eye, are present wherever they can find food (descended epidermis). Their number is huge, at least 50 species of mites are present in the dust. Dermatophagoides mites are the most common. Their concentration is especially high where there are animals and birds, as well as things made of wool, down and feathers. The main dwelling places are pillows, blankets, mattresses, feather beds, upholstered furniture, carpets. Optimal conditions for the life and reproduction of ticks – ambient temperature 22-27 ° C, humidity 70-80%. The number of ticks increases significantly in late August – early October, so during this period, allergy symptoms may worsen.

In addition, allergies can be caused by barn mites, which also settle in indoor dust and food products – flour, cereals, cheese, etc.

Signs of allergy to house dust and mites: ;
– symptoms can be both permanent and episodic;
– rather characteristic is the increase in symptoms during cleaning, shaking out old things, when using dust-accumulating things – upholstered furniture, carpets, bedding with natural filler, soft toys, etc .;
– symptoms are aggravated by contact with pets and birds.

Library dust

Library dust is also an allergen! Those who are allergic to paper dust know well that if you spend too much time reading a book or magazine, unpleasant symptoms will immediately appear. The “older” the book, the faster and brighter the disease will manifest itself. In those rooms where books and paper are stored for a long time on open shelves, there is a high concentration of library dust in the air. In addition, it must be remembered that in addition to paper dust in libraries and other rooms where books are stored, there are other allergens in the air – fungal spores.

Signs of an allergy to library dust:

– You develop allergy symptoms from contact with books and other paper products;
– You feel aggravated if you are in rooms where books are stored on open shelves.

Pets and birds.

Wool, feathers, dander, dander, saliva and other waste products from pets and birds are also allergens and can be a serious hazard. In the presence of epidermal allergy, symptoms appear on contact with animals, birds, or particles of animal origin. If animals are constantly present in the house, then the symptoms may not disappear at all. Wearing woolen clothes or using bedding filled with wool and down, the presence of carpets and other wool products in the house or office can lead to an exacerbation of an allergic disease. Most people think that the shorter an animal’s coat, the less likely it is to cause an allergic reaction. However, it is not. The risk of allergies has nothing to do with the length of the coat and the size of the animal or bird itself! It must also be remembered that after the removal of animals or birds from the premises, the smallest particles of wool and feathers can remain in it for a long time (months, and sometimes years).

Signs of allergy to animal and bird waste products :

– Allergy symptoms occur upon direct contact with animals and (or) birds or with their waste products – wool, saliva, etc.;
– Allergy symptoms in the room where animals or birds are (or were) located;
– Allergy symptoms appear when wearing woolen items, using bedding filled with wool and down, while staying in a room where there are carpets and other wool products.

Fungal microorganisms.

Another group of allergens – particles of fungal microorganisms. The world of mushrooms is huge, the number of species studied is in the tens of thousands. Some of the most common are fungi of the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria. In most cases, the “culprits” of allergies are spores of these microorganisms. Mushrooms can live in almost any environment: in household and library dust, food products, on various surfaces, and even in the human body. They can cause not only plant diseases – rot and mold, but also provoke pronounced allergic reactions (fungal allergies). Moreover, one and the same person may develop hypersensitivity not to one, but to several varieties of fungi at once. The most optimal conditions for the reproduction of many types of fungi are high humidity and ambient temperature – 16-32 ° C.

Fungal microorganisms do not only live indoors. Throughout the warm period of the year, fungal spores are present in the open air in fairly high concentrations. In this regard, manifestations of an allergic disease can occur not only indoors, but also on the street. Symptoms of a fungal allergy may be present all the time or occur sporadically. Possible seasonal exacerbations of the disease associated with periods of the most active reproduction of fungi.

In some cases, fungal allergy symptoms do not appear immediately, but some time after contact with the allergen, for example, after a few hours. Indoors, fungal microorganisms can colonize paper products, wallpaper, wood, natural fibers, leather, and may be present on rubber products. They can be found in flower pots, trash cans, sinks and wash basins.

The concentration of fungi is especially high in closed damp and poorly ventilated rooms, in broken hay, grass and fallen damp leaves. Their presence is found in products that have undergone fermentation – beer, kvass, sauerkraut, cheese, yeast dough, etc. , in libraries;
– allergy symptoms appear on contact with wet hay, grass, fallen leaves;
– allergy symptoms appear when eating foods that have undergone fermentation – beer, wine, cheese, yeast dough, sauerkraut, kvass, etc . ;
– allergy symptoms may not appear immediately, but some time after contact with the allergen.

Insects.

Insect allergy refers to an allergic reaction associated with contact with insects. This contact can occur in different ways: by stinging, by contact of insects with the skin, by inhalation of particles of bodies and their metabolic products. The most “dangerous” allergens are proteins that make up the integumentary tissues of insects. The list of insects that can cause allergies is very large. Let us dwell only on those that live in the premises.
An allergic reaction in such cases, as a rule, occurs when particles of bodies and waste products of insects are inhaled.

Cockroaches! They not only cause moral damage, but can also damage the health of a person suffering from insect allergies. Cockroach asthma is not uncommon. And the culprit of this disease is the Blattoptera detachment – cockroaches, which can be present in large numbers, both in homes and workplaces, offices.

In addition to cockroaches, very severe allergic reactions can occur through contact with other arthropods. These are bloodworms (Diptera order) and daphnia, which are components of food for aquarium fish Allergy symptoms can occur when inhaled or in contact with scales and body particles of representatives of the Lepidoptera orders – Lepidoptera. The most common indoor insect from this order is the moth.

Bloodworms and daphnia (a favorite food for aquarium fish) can also cause severe allergy symptoms.

Signs of insect allergy occurring indoors:

– allergy symptoms appear in rooms where the above insects are present;
– Allergy symptoms occur on contact with food for aquarium fish;
– there are no clear signs of an “insect” origin of an allergic reaction that occurs indoors.
Therefore, it is rather difficult to independently assume the presence of such an allergy without an allergological examination.

OTHER ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Remember that people with allergies are always more sensitive to various environmental factors: cold air, pollutants (for example, ozone), tobacco smoke, as well as particles that are present in the air and, getting on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (nasopharynx, bronchi), lead to a worsening of the condition.

In addition, irritating factors include pungent odors – perfumes, fragrances, etc.

HOW TO FIGHT ALLERGIES gene , i.e. stop contact with him. If it is not possible to completely get rid of the allergen, then it is necessary to minimize its negative impact.

The presence of an allergy can only be finally confirmed by a specialist – an allergist who, using specific examination methods, will make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe treatment for you, as well as recommend preventive measures necessary in each specific case of the disease.

You can get more detailed information at the MEDHELP clinic from a specialist allergist-immunologist of the highest qualification category Kisurina G. O.

6 things that can kill you at home

Life

June 11, 2020

You may not have suspected that you were allergic to mold or dust until you were locked in the same room with them for several weeks. Check for potential allergens around you and learn how to protect yourself. If you don’t want to read, you can listen to the article.

More useful information about allergies can be found here.

Why allergies can occur even at home

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If you are already under 30, but you still have never run out of your nose after hugging a cat, this does not mean anything at all. Allergy symptoms can appear at any age – even in adults.

Here heredity plays an important role. If one parent had an allergy, you have a 30-50% chance of having it. If both parents were allergic, this figure jumps to 60-80%. However, even in such a situation there is a chance to “outgrow” the disease: in those over 50, the symptoms sometimes disappear.

Sudden runny nose and watery eyes may be caused by close contact with a potential allergen. If from childhood you were accustomed to strictly monitor cleanliness, but during self-isolation due to a blockage of work you forgot when you last wiped the dust, then you run the risk of getting acquainted with unpleasant symptoms. They can occur if the immune system was not in the best shape when it encountered the allergen, for example during pregnancy or illness.

What allergens can be found in the apartment

Dust

It is made up of tiny particles of food, pollen, tissue fibers and skin flakes – both for you and your pets. Often, dust mites are added to this set, already deadly for any allergy sufferer. These are tiny creatures that feed on particles of the epidermis and live where it is warm and humid. Bedding, upholstered furniture and carpets are their favorite habitats. Allergies are caused by tick excrement and particles of their decaying remains mixed with dust.

Mold

Requirements for living conditions for mold are about the same as for mites: as long as it is humid and warm. She especially likes a kitchen or bathroom with poor ventilation and leaking pipes. Mold spores become airborne, and if inhaled, the immune system can overreact, leading to allergies.

Animals

Contrary to popular belief, the irritating factor is not the hair of dogs and cats. It’s all their urine, saliva and tiny skin particles that mix with dust and spread throughout the apartment. And no, there are no hypoallergenic breeds.

Insects

For example, cockroaches. Their excrement and chitin cover contains a protein that can cause an allergic reaction. In some cases, it can even go as far as asthma. If you needed an extra reason to keep order in the kitchen, then here it is.

Pollen

Self-isolation is unlikely to save here: the apartment still needs to be ventilated from time to time, so allergens from the street can easily get into the room. And if you don’t use deliveries and go grocery shopping yourself, you risk bringing birch or alder pollen home on your clothes or hair.

Household chemicals

And at the same time cosmetics. Preservatives, antibacterial components and flavors can provoke allergies. However, it does not always occur after the first application: you can use the same cream for years, and then find that some strange rashes have appeared on the skin. Cleaning gloves do not help everyone: if they are made of latex, they themselves can cause a negative reaction.

Sometimes an excessive love of cleanliness can cause allergies. If you decide to devote your free time to cleaning during self-isolation, and after a few hours in latex gloves, your hands are red and itchy, these may be symptoms of an allergic reaction.

Antihistamines will help out – for example, Suprastin. It begins to act within 15-30 minutes after ingestion and helps to cope with the manifestations of contact dermatitis. The drug will also come in handy during trips to nature after self-isolation. This is an all-in-one allergy remedy for the home medicine cabinet: it can be used for reactions to pollen, insect bites, and even food and medicines. “Suprastin” is suitable for adults and children from 3 years old.

What to do if everything itches

Symptoms to look out for

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Allergies are unpredictable and can remind you of yourself at any time of the year. In the spring or summer, a sudden bout of sneezing is easier to attribute to pollen, but dust mites and cockroaches don’t care, it’s April or October.

Allergic reactions can manifest themselves in many ways, but there are symptoms that are most common:

• Nose stuffed up or running in a stream for no apparent reason.
• Eyes reddened, itchy and watery.
• The person constantly sneezes or has a cough.
• There is a tingling sensation in the throat.
• Worried about shortness of breath.
• Reddening of the skin occurs, accompanied by itching and flaking.

Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish an allergy from SARS, so it is better to do without self-activity and not diagnose yourself on the Internet. If you suspect that it is not viruses that are to blame for the constant runny nose, consult a therapist and take a blood test for total immunoglobulin E. Perhaps with the result of this test you will be sent to an allergist – you will need to undergo additional studies to determine the allergen.

Dealing with allergies

Keep clean

Dust with a damp cloth, mop or vacuum the floor once or twice a week – ideally with a HEPA filter. Wear a mask while cleaning to avoid inhaling irritating particles. It is better to refuse household chemicals with flavors in favor of products without bright fragrances.

The optimum temperature in the apartment is from 20 to 22 °C, and the air humidity should not exceed 50%. If you are ventilating, hang a wet gauze curtain on the window or balcony door to trap at least some of the pollen.

Keep pets out of the bedroom

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And if you live in a one-room apartment, at least don’t let them jump on the bed. You need to wash the animal after each walk – on the wool, a dog or cat can drag pollen from the street.

Cleaning the litter box should be left to non-allergic households, but if that’s not an option, wear a mask and wash your hands thoroughly when you’re done. By the way, you should wash your hands every time you cuddle a cat or scratch a dog.

Change bed linen in time

This should be done at least once a week and sheets, duvet covers and pillowcases should be washed at 60°C. Dry clothes in the room, and not on the open balcony, otherwise it will collect pollen on itself. And do not forget about decorative pillows and soft toys – they should also be sent to the laundry regularly.

Swap out feather pillows and wool blankets for synthetic-filled options. And to make the life of ticks as difficult as possible, you can buy a protective cover for the mattress.

Get rid of the trash

The fewer dust collectors in the house, the lower the risk of allergies. It is better to get rid of carpets right away – it is not always possible to collect all the dust from a long pile even with a vacuum cleaner, and if you clean the carpet with a damp sponge, there will be expanse for mold. Remove books and decor like figurines and caskets from open shelves in a closet. Curtains and bedspreads are great at picking up dust, so wash or vacuum them regularly.

Tidy up the bathroom

Make sure everything is in order with ventilation. If the bathroom is always damp, leave the door open after you take a shower. When cleaning, don’t forget to clean the grout between the tiles, and wash the rugs and shower curtain regularly. After washing dry, wipe the rubber seal on the door of the washing machine. Finally, don’t put off fixing a leaky faucet. So the mold will not have time to grow, and the cockroaches will have nothing to drink.

Don’t make a mess in the kitchen

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Throw moldy food in the fridge straight away into the trash can. Wipe the refrigerator itself once a week from the inside – both the walls, and the shelves, and the seals. Remove the crumbs from the table and sweep the floor, otherwise the neighbor’s cockroaches will come running for a treat. It is better not to store flour, pasta and cereals in open packs – pour them into tightly closed containers. Take out the trash regularly and use a bucket with a lid so that the insects have nothing to profit from.

Leave the house less often when everything around is blooming

After all, no one has canceled the self-isolation regime yet. The less you roam the street, the lower the risk of inhaling pollen. Just in case, keep a calendar of flowering plants that cause allergies handy. For example, birch blossoms in April, Gismeteo even has a daily forecast of the concentration of its pollen in the air.

Allergy sufferers with experience know that during the flowering period or with year-round allergies, modern products are indispensable, which allow you to stay active throughout the day. Suprastinex is an innovative drug that can be taken for a long time, up to 6 months. In therapeutic doses, the drug practically does not cause drowsiness and allows you to maintain your usual lifestyle even at the height of the allergic season. For adults, Suprastinex tablets are suitable – just one dose per day is enough, and for children from 2 to 6 years old, it is better to use the drug in drops.