What are the symptoms of indigestion? What causes indigestion? How is indigestion diagnosed and treated? Get all the answers to your questions about indigestion in this comprehensive guide.

Unraveling the Mysteries of Indigestion: Symptoms, Causes, and Effective Treatments

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a common condition that affects many individuals. It is often characterized by a persistent or recurrent discomfort in the upper abdomen, accompanied by various unpleasant symptoms. Understanding the underlying causes and effective treatments for indigestion is crucial for managing this condition and improving overall digestive health.

Symptoms of Indigestion

The symptoms of indigestion can vary from person to person, but they typically include:

• Burning sensation in the stomach or upper abdomen
• Abdominal pain
• Bloating and a feeling of fullness
• Belching and excessive gas
• Nausea and vomiting
• Acidic taste in the mouth
• Growling stomach sounds

These symptoms may be exacerbated during times of stress or after consuming certain foods or beverages. It’s important to note that indigestion is often accompanied by heartburn, a burning sensation deep in the chest, but these are separate symptoms that may indicate different underlying conditions.

Who Is at Risk for Indigestion?

Indigestion can affect individuals of all ages and genders, but certain factors can increase the risk of developing this condition, including:

• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Use of certain medications, such as aspirin and other pain relievers
• Underlying conditions that affect the digestive tract, such as ulcers or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Emotional problems, like anxiety or depression
• Obesity
• Smoking

Causes of Indigestion

Indigestion can be caused by a variety of factors, both medical and lifestyle-related. Some common causes of indigestion include:

• Diseases and conditions:
  • Ulcers
  • GERD
  • Stomach cancer (rare)
  • Gastroparesis (delayed stomach emptying)
  • Stomach infections
  • Irritable bowel syndrome
  • Chronic pancreatitis
  • Thyroid disease
  • Pregnancy
• Medications:
  • Aspirin and other painkillers, such as NSAIDs
  • Estrogen and oral contraceptives
  • Steroid medications
  • Certain antibiotics
  • Thyroid medications
• Lifestyle factors:
  • Eating too much, too fast, or during stressful situations
  • Consuming high-fat foods
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Stress and fatigue

It’s important to note that indigestion is not always caused by excess stomach acid. Swallowing excessive air when eating can also contribute to symptoms like belching and bloating.

Diagnosing Indigestion

If you are experiencing persistent or recurring indigestion, it’s essential to consult with your healthcare provider. Your doctor will likely perform a thorough examination and may recommend the following diagnostic tests:

• Blood tests to rule out underlying conditions
• X-rays of the stomach or small intestine
• Upper endoscopy, where a flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the inside of the stomach

These tests help your doctor determine the underlying cause of your indigestion and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

Treating Indigestion

The treatment for indigestion typically depends on the underlying cause. Here are some common approaches to managing indigestion:

Medications

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can help alleviate indigestion symptoms, such as:

• Antacids: These neutralize stomach acid and provide quick relief.
• H2 blockers: These reduce the amount of acid produced by the stomach and can both stop and prevent indigestion symptoms.
• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs): These work by reducing the amount of acid produced by the stomach and are effective for frequent indigestion that occurs two or more times per week.

It’s important to consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist before using any OTC medications, as they can interact with certain prescription medications.

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes

In some cases, indigestion can be managed through simple home remedies and lifestyle adjustments, such as:

• Baking soda
• Apple cider vinegar
• Chewing gum
• Consuming ginger, bananas, or aloe vera juice
• Avoiding large, fatty meals and eating smaller, more frequent meals
• Reducing stress and getting enough rest
• Limiting alcohol and cigarette consumption

It’s important to note that while these home remedies may provide relief, they should not replace professional medical treatment, especially for persistent or severe cases of indigestion.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If your indigestion symptoms persist or worsen, it’s crucial to consult with your healthcare provider. Some signs that you should seek medical attention include:

• Persistent or severe abdominal pain
• Frequent vomiting or blood in vomit
• Unexplained weight loss
• Difficulty swallowing or swallowing pain
• Symptoms that do not improve with over-the-counter medication or lifestyle changes

Your doctor can help determine the underlying cause of your indigestion and provide appropriate treatment to help alleviate your symptoms and improve your overall digestive health.

Symptoms, Causes, Diet, and Treatments

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• What Are the Symptoms of Indigestion?
• Who Is at Risk for Indigestion?
• What Causes Indigestion?
• How Is Indigestion Diagnosed?
• What Is the Treatment for Indigestion?
• How Can I Prevent Indigestion?
• When Should I Call the Doctor About Indigestion?
• More

Indigestion is often a sign of an underlying problem, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, or gallbladder disease, rather than a condition of its own.

Also called dyspepsia, it is defined as a persistent or recurrent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen.

The symptoms of indigestion include:

• Burning in the stomach or upper abdomen
• Abdominal pain
• Bloating (full feeling)
• Belching and gas
• Nausea and vomiting
• Acidic taste
• Growling stomach

These symptoms may increase in times of stress.

People often have heartburn (a burning sensation deep in the chest) along with indigestion. But heartburn is a different symptom that may be a sign of another problem.

People of all ages and genders are affected by indigestion. It’s extremely common. A person’s risk increases with:

• Drinking too much alcohol
• Use of drugs that irritate the stomach, such as aspirin and other pain relievers
• Conditions where there is an abnormality in the digestive tract, such as an ulcer
• Emotional problems, such as anxiety or depression
• Obesity
• Smoking

Indigestion has many causes, including:

Diseases:

• Ulcers
• GERD
• Stomach cancer (rare)
• Gastroparesis (a condition where the stomach doesn’t empty properly; this often occurs in people with diabetes)
• Stomach infections
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Thyroid disease
• Pregnancy

Medications:

• Aspirin and other painkillers, such as NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen 
• Estrogen and oral contraceptives
• Steroid medications
• Certain antibiotics
• Thyroid medicines

Lifestyle:

• Eating too much, eating too fast, eating high-fat foods, or eating during stressful situations
• Drinking too much alcohol
• Cigarette smoking
• Stress and fatigue

Indigestion is not caused by excess stomach acid.

Swallowing excessive air when eating may increase the symptoms of belching and bloating, which are often associated with indigestion.

Sometimes people have persistent indigestion that is not related to any of these factors. This type of indigestion is called functional or non-ulcer dyspepsia.

If you have indigestion, make an appointment to see your doctor. Because indigestion is such a broad term, it is helpful to provide your doctor with a precise description of the discomfort you are feeling. In describing the symptoms, try to define where in the abdomen the discomfort usually occurs.

Your doctor will rule out any underlying conditions that may be causing your symptoms. Your doctor may perform several blood tests and you may have X-rays of the stomach or small intestine. Your doctor may also suggest you have an upper endoscopy to look closely at the inside of the stomach. During the procedure, an endoscope — a flexible tube that contains a light and a camera to produce images from inside the body — is used to look inside your stomach.

Because indigestion is a symptom rather than a disease, treatment usually depends upon the underlying condition causing the indigestion.

Indigestion Medicine

Antacids

Antacids help ease indigestion symptoms. They neutralize, or offset, the stomach acid that causes indigestion. Common over-the-counter (OTC) antacids are:

• Mylanta
• Rolaids
• Tums

Histamine (h3) Blockers

h3 blockers lessen the amount of acid your stomach makes, so they can both stop and prevent indigestion symptoms. They take between 1 and 3 hours to take effect but work for several hours. If you take any prescription medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist before you use an h3 blocker because they can interact with certain other drugs. Common h3 blockers include: 

• Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)
• Famotidine (Pepcid Complete or Pepcid AC, Zantac 360)
• Nizatidine (Axid, Axid AR)

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

OTC PPIs also work by reducing the amount of acid your stomach makes, but they only treat frequent indigestion that happens two or more times per week. They take from 1 to 4 days to become effective. You can use them for up to 14 days, and up to three times per year. They can also interact with other medications, so check with your doctor or pharmacist before you use them. The most common PPIs that you can buy over the counter are: 

• Esomeprazole (Nexium 24HR)
• Lansoprazole (Prevacid 24HR)
• Omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate (Zegerid OTC)
• Omeprazole magnesium (Prilosec OTC)

Indigestion Relief

You might not need any treatment. Indigestion often goes away on its own after a few hours. But let your doctor know if your symptoms get worse.

There a number of home or natural remedies that some people claim will ease indigestion symptoms, including: 

• Baking soda
• Apple cider vinegar 
• Chewing gum 
• Ginger 
• Bananas 
• Milk
• Aloe vera juice 

But unlike medications that are tested for safety and effectiveness, there are no guidelines to know if these remedies are safe and will work. Many things can affect how a remedy will work for you, including the cause of your indigestion, other medications you may be taking, and whether or not you’re pregnant. Check with your doctor before trying a natural remedy for indigestion. 

The best way to prevent indigestion is to avoid the foods and situations that seem to cause it. Keeping a food diary is helpful in identifying foods that cause indigestion. Here are some other suggestions:

• Eat small meals so the stomach does not have to work as hard or as long.
• Eat slowly.
• Try not to chew with your mouth open, talk while you chew, or eat too fast. This makes you swallow too much air, which can add to indigestion.
• Avoid foods that contain high amounts of acids, such as citrus fruits and tomatoes.
• Avoid spicy foods.
• Reduce or avoid foods and beverages that contain caffeine.
• If stress is a trigger for your indigestion, learn new methods for managing stress, such as relaxation and biofeedback techniques.
• If you smoke, quit. Smoking can irritate the lining of the stomach.
• Cut back on alcohol because it can also irritate the stomach lining.
• Avoid wearing tight-fitting garments because they tend to compress the stomach, which can cause its contents to enter the esophagus.
• Don’t exercise with a full stomach. Rather, exercise before a meal or at least one hour after eating a meal.
• Don’t lie down right after eating.
• Avoid late-night eating. Wait at least 3 hours after your last meal of the day before going to bed.
• Sleep with your head elevated (at least 6 inches) above your feet and use pillows to prop yourself up. This will help allow digestive juices to flow into the intestines rather than to the esophagus.
• Get to and stay at a healthy weight. Extra weight puts pressure on your stomach and lower esophagus. 

If you don’t feel better after these changes, your doctor may prescribe medications for you.

Because indigestion can be a sign of a more serious health problem, call your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms:

• Vomiting, blood in vomit, or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Black, tarry stools or visible blood in stools
• Severe pain in the abdomen
• Discomfort unrelated to eating

Symptoms similar to indigestion may be caused by heart attacks. If indigestion is unusual, accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, chest pain, or pain radiating to the jaw, neck, or arm, call 911 immediately.

Top Picks

Symptoms, Causes, Diet, and Treatments

Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors

• What Are the Symptoms of Indigestion?
• Who Is at Risk for Indigestion?
• What Causes Indigestion?
• How Is Indigestion Diagnosed?
• What Is the Treatment for Indigestion?
• How Can I Prevent Indigestion?
• When Should I Call the Doctor About Indigestion?
• More

Indigestion is often a sign of an underlying problem, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, or gallbladder disease, rather than a condition of its own.

Also called dyspepsia, it is defined as a persistent or recurrent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen.

The symptoms of indigestion include:

• Burning in the stomach or upper abdomen
• Abdominal pain
• Bloating (full feeling)
• Belching and gas
• Nausea and vomiting
• Acidic taste
• Growling stomach

These symptoms may increase in times of stress.

People often have heartburn (a burning sensation deep in the chest) along with indigestion. But heartburn is a different symptom that may be a sign of another problem.

People of all ages and genders are affected by indigestion. It’s extremely common. A person’s risk increases with:

• Drinking too much alcohol
• Use of drugs that irritate the stomach, such as aspirin and other pain relievers
• Conditions where there is an abnormality in the digestive tract, such as an ulcer
• Emotional problems, such as anxiety or depression
• Obesity
• Smoking

Indigestion has many causes, including:

Diseases:

• Ulcers
• GERD
• Stomach cancer (rare)
• Gastroparesis (a condition where the stomach doesn’t empty properly; this often occurs in people with diabetes)
• Stomach infections
• Irritable bowel syndrome
• Chronic pancreatitis
• Thyroid disease
• Pregnancy

Medications:

• Aspirin and other painkillers, such as NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen 
• Estrogen and oral contraceptives
• Steroid medications
• Certain antibiotics
• Thyroid medicines

Lifestyle:

• Eating too much, eating too fast, eating high-fat foods, or eating during stressful situations
• Drinking too much alcohol
• Cigarette smoking
• Stress and fatigue

Indigestion is not caused by excess stomach acid.

Swallowing excessive air when eating may increase the symptoms of belching and bloating, which are often associated with indigestion.

Sometimes people have persistent indigestion that is not related to any of these factors. This type of indigestion is called functional or non-ulcer dyspepsia.

If you have indigestion, make an appointment to see your doctor. Because indigestion is such a broad term, it is helpful to provide your doctor with a precise description of the discomfort you are feeling. In describing the symptoms, try to define where in the abdomen the discomfort usually occurs.

Your doctor will rule out any underlying conditions that may be causing your symptoms. Your doctor may perform several blood tests and you may have X-rays of the stomach or small intestine. Your doctor may also suggest you have an upper endoscopy to look closely at the inside of the stomach. During the procedure, an endoscope — a flexible tube that contains a light and a camera to produce images from inside the body — is used to look inside your stomach.

Because indigestion is a symptom rather than a disease, treatment usually depends upon the underlying condition causing the indigestion.

Indigestion Medicine

Antacids

Antacids help ease indigestion symptoms. They neutralize, or offset, the stomach acid that causes indigestion. Common over-the-counter (OTC) antacids are:

• Mylanta
• Rolaids
• Tums

Histamine (h3) Blockers

h3 blockers lessen the amount of acid your stomach makes, so they can both stop and prevent indigestion symptoms. They take between 1 and 3 hours to take effect but work for several hours. If you take any prescription medications, ask your doctor or pharmacist before you use an h3 blocker because they can interact with certain other drugs. Common h3 blockers include: 

• Cimetidine (Tagamet HB)
• Famotidine (Pepcid Complete or Pepcid AC, Zantac 360)
• Nizatidine (Axid, Axid AR)

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

OTC PPIs also work by reducing the amount of acid your stomach makes, but they only treat frequent indigestion that happens two or more times per week. They take from 1 to 4 days to become effective. You can use them for up to 14 days, and up to three times per year. They can also interact with other medications, so check with your doctor or pharmacist before you use them. The most common PPIs that you can buy over the counter are: 

• Esomeprazole (Nexium 24HR)
• Lansoprazole (Prevacid 24HR)
• Omeprazole and sodium bicarbonate (Zegerid OTC)
• Omeprazole magnesium (Prilosec OTC)

Indigestion Relief

You might not need any treatment. Indigestion often goes away on its own after a few hours. But let your doctor know if your symptoms get worse.

There a number of home or natural remedies that some people claim will ease indigestion symptoms, including: 

• Baking soda
• Apple cider vinegar 
• Chewing gum 
• Ginger 
• Bananas 
• Milk
• Aloe vera juice 

But unlike medications that are tested for safety and effectiveness, there are no guidelines to know if these remedies are safe and will work. Many things can affect how a remedy will work for you, including the cause of your indigestion, other medications you may be taking, and whether or not you’re pregnant. Check with your doctor before trying a natural remedy for indigestion. 

The best way to prevent indigestion is to avoid the foods and situations that seem to cause it. Keeping a food diary is helpful in identifying foods that cause indigestion. Here are some other suggestions:

• Eat small meals so the stomach does not have to work as hard or as long.
• Eat slowly.
• Try not to chew with your mouth open, talk while you chew, or eat too fast. This makes you swallow too much air, which can add to indigestion.
• Avoid foods that contain high amounts of acids, such as citrus fruits and tomatoes.
• Avoid spicy foods.
• Reduce or avoid foods and beverages that contain caffeine.
• If stress is a trigger for your indigestion, learn new methods for managing stress, such as relaxation and biofeedback techniques.
• If you smoke, quit. Smoking can irritate the lining of the stomach.
• Cut back on alcohol because it can also irritate the stomach lining.
• Avoid wearing tight-fitting garments because they tend to compress the stomach, which can cause its contents to enter the esophagus.
• Don’t exercise with a full stomach. Rather, exercise before a meal or at least one hour after eating a meal.
• Don’t lie down right after eating.
• Avoid late-night eating. Wait at least 3 hours after your last meal of the day before going to bed.
• Sleep with your head elevated (at least 6 inches) above your feet and use pillows to prop yourself up. This will help allow digestive juices to flow into the intestines rather than to the esophagus.
• Get to and stay at a healthy weight. Extra weight puts pressure on your stomach and lower esophagus. 

If you don’t feel better after these changes, your doctor may prescribe medications for you.

Because indigestion can be a sign of a more serious health problem, call your doctor if you have any of the following symptoms:

• Vomiting, blood in vomit, or vomit that looks like coffee grounds
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite
• Black, tarry stools or visible blood in stools
• Severe pain in the abdomen
• Discomfort unrelated to eating

Symptoms similar to indigestion may be caused by heart attacks. If indigestion is unusual, accompanied by shortness of breath, sweating, chest pain, or pain radiating to the jaw, neck, or arm, call 911 immediately.

Top Picks

What is this disorder and how to deal with it

Content

• 1 Dyspepsia: causes, symptoms and treatment of dyspeptic disorders
  • 1.1 Dyspepsia: causes and symptoms
  • 1.2 Understanding dyspepsia
    9 0005 1.2.1 What is dyspepsia?
    • 1. 2.2 How to diagnose dyspepsia?
    • 1.2.3 How to treat dyspepsia?
  • 1.3 Why does dyspepsia occur?
    • 1.3.1 Malnutrition
    • 1.3.2 Stress and nervous tension
    • 1.3.3 Health problems
    • 1.3.4 Medications
  • 1.4 How to diagnose dyspepsia?
  • 1.5 Dyspepsia: what it is and how to deal with it
    • 1.5.1 Common symptoms
  • 1.6 Diagnosing dyspepsia
  • 1.7 How do doctors diagnose dyspepsia?
  • 1.8 Tests and procedures for dyspepsia
    • 1.8.1 Laboratory tests
    • 1.8.2 Instrumental tests
    • 1.8.3 Treating dyspepsia
  • 1.9 Treating dyspepsia
    • 1.9.1 Avoid certain foods
    • 1.9.2 Drink plenty of fluids
    • Read your diet
    • 1.9.4 Take your medicine
    • 1.9. 5 See a doctor if needed
  • 1.10 What are the treatment options for dyspepsia?
    • 1.10.1 Home care
    • 1.10. 2 Professional care
  • 1.11 Dyspepsia drugs
    • 1.11.1 Antacids
    • 1.11.2 Probiotics
    • 1.11.3 Enzymes
  • 1.12 Recommendations for lifestyle changes in dyspepsia
    • 1.12.1 Nutrition
    • 1.12.2 Physical activity
    • 1.12.3 Psycho-emotional state
  • 1.13 Prevention of dyspepsia
    • 1.13.1 Maintaining a healthy diet
    • 1.13.2 Refusal of bad habits
    • 1.13.3 Physical activity
    • 1.13.4 Stress avoidance
    • 1.13.5 Regular health check-ups
  • 1.14 How can dyspepsia be prevented?
  • 1.15 Related videos:
  • 1.16 Q&A:
    • • 1.16.0.1 What is dyspepsia?
      • 1.16.0.2 What are the causes of dyspepsia?
      • 1.16.0.3 What symptoms are associated with dyspepsia?
      • 1.16.0.4 How can dyspepsia be treated?
      • 1.16.0.5 What is the recommended diet for people with dyspepsia?
      • 1.16.0. 6 When should I see a doctor if I have symptoms of dyspepsia?

Dyspepsia is a disorder that is accompanied by discomfort in the stomach and digestive disorders. Learn more about the symptoms, causes, and treatments for dyspeptic disorders on our website.

In our time, the concept of dyspepsia is more and more common. However, not everyone knows what it means and how to deal with it.

Dyspepsia is a broad concept that has been used since ancient Greece. It denotes a complex of physiological disorders in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, manifested in abdominal pain, a feeling of heaviness after eating, heartburn and other unpleasant symptoms.

In the modern world, problems with the stomach and digestion occupy one of the first places in the incidence statistics. That is why it is important not to ignore the symptoms of dyspepsia and know the methods of its treatment.

Dyspepsia: causes and symptoms

Dyspepsia is a digestive disorder in which a person experiences various unpleasant symptoms. Dyspepsia can be caused by many factors, ranging from diet to mental problems.

Among the most common causes of dyspepsia are:

• The need to follow a diet or eat certain foods, such as spicy, fatty, smoked, sweet, etc.;
• Wrong diet and snacking between main meals;
• Irregular eating and overeating;
• Bad habits such as smoking and drinking;
• Various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• Stressful situations and mental problems.

Symptoms of dyspepsia may appear as:

1. Pain and discomfort in the abdomen. Most often, pain occurs in the upper abdomen and is associated with improper digestion.
2. Belching and heartburn. Heartburn is a burning sensation in the chest, belching is the release of acidic stomach contents up the esophagus.
3. Bloating and excess gas. Bloating occurs due to a disturbance in the exchange of gases in the intestines, and excess gas is caused due to the accelerated decomposition of food.
4. Nausea and vomiting. Nausea can be caused by many things, from stress to stomach problems.

Write down the symptoms of dyspepsia in a diary so that when you visit a doctor you have the most accurate information about their possible causes and duration.

Learning about dyspepsia

What is dyspepsia?

Dyspepsia is a general name for digestive disorders that manifest as discomfort and pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, gas formation, heartburn. Dyspepsia can be caused by a variety of things: poor diet, stress, certain medications, infections, and many more.

How to diagnose dyspepsia?

To diagnose dyspepsia, the doctor usually examines the patient and asks a series of questions about their health, lifestyle and diet. If necessary, additional studies may be prescribed: ultrasound, fibroduodenoscopy, gastroenterography, etc.

How to treat dyspepsia?

As a rule, an integrated approach is used in the treatment of dyspepsia: nutrition correction, stress elimination, medication. Enzymes and probiotics can be included in the diet to improve digestion. It is also important to monitor the process of digestion, avoid strongly fried, fatty, overcooked foods, alcohol and certain foods that can cause dyspepsia.

• For example:
• Coffee and tea – can worsen stomach function due to high caffeine content;
• Chocolate – contains theobromine, which stimulates the production of gastric juice, which in turn can lead to heartburn and nausea;
• Spicy foods – may irritate the lining of the stomach and intestines, causing discomfort.

Why does dyspepsia occur?

Dyspepsia is a syndrome often associated with indigestion. The underlying causes of this disorder may be due to various factors.

Improper diet

One of the main causes of dyspepsia is malnutrition. People who often eat fatty, fried and sweet foods often suffer from indigestion. In addition, drinking alcohol and coffee can also cause dyspepsia.

Stress and nervous tension

Stress and nervous tension can lead to indigestion and, as a result, dyspepsia. With nervous tension, the gastrointestinal tract may not work properly, leading to digestive problems.

Health problems

People with certain medical conditions such as stomach ulcers, gastritis, liver and gallbladder problems often have digestive problems. These diseases can cause dyspepsia.

Medications

Some medicines can cause indigestion and dyspepsia. For example, antibiotics, actinomycin, digoxin, nitroglycerin, etc.

In general, dyspepsia is a multi-causal disorder, and each case requires an individual approach and treatment.

How to identify dyspepsia?

Dyspepsia is a digestive disorder that is manifested by bloating, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, bloating, and pain in the stomach and intestines. If you have these symptoms almost constantly, you most likely have dyspepsia.

However, if you are experiencing symptoms of dyspepsia, it is important to keep a food diary to find out which foods cause you more discomfort. You should also try to avoid overeating and fast food, as well as control your weight and stress levels.

• Symptoms of dyspepsia: bloating, heartburn, nausea, pain in the stomach and intestines.
• Other possible causes: gastritis, peptic ulcer and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Treatment tips: see a doctor, keep a food diary, avoid overeating and fast food, control weight and stress levels.

Dyspepsia: what it is and how to deal with it

Common symptoms

Dyspepsia is manifested by a violation of the digestive system. The most common symptoms include:

• Stomach pain: This may be a feeling of heaviness, tension or unpleasant pressure in the stomach.
• Chest pain: Many people mistakenly associate dyspepsia with chest pain or heart problems, as the symptoms can be very similar.
• Heartburn: This is a burning or hot feeling in the chest that may radiate to the neck or throat.
• Nausea and vomiting: These symptoms may occur after eating or in certain situations, such as when the person is under stress.
• Belching: This is an unpleasant sensation of rising acidic stomach contents in the throat or mouth.
• Bloating: Bloating may be accompanied by a feeling of fullness and heaviness in the abdomen.

If you notice these symptoms in yourself, be sure to consult a doctor for advice and receive the correct treatment.

Diagnosis of dyspepsia

Dyspepsia is one of the most common digestive disorders. It can manifest itself in various symptoms such as abdominal pain, belching, heartburn, gas, etc. To confirm the diagnosis of dyspepsia, a series of examinations and tests are necessary to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms.

Physical examination is the first step in diagnosing dyspepsia. The doctor examines the abdomen to determine the presence of swelling, diseased areas, pathological changes in the intestines. Palpation of the abdominal organs may also be performed to identify possible tumors.

Fecal analysis is performed to evaluate the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. The level of enzymes, salts, lipids and other elements helps to determine the presence of inflammatory processes and other digestive pathologies.

Fibrogastroscopy is an examination method that allows you to evaluate the condition of the gastrointestinal tract. The study is carried out using a flexible tube with a camera at the end, which is inserted into the mouth and down the throat into the stomach.

X-ray and ultrasound tests can also be used to diagnose dyspepsia. X-ray diagnostics allows you to determine the condition of the stomach and intestines, and ultrasound helps to assess the degree of presence of inflammatory processes in the tissues of the digestive tract.

In general, the diagnosis of dyspepsia can be difficult, as its symptoms can very often overlap with other pathologies of the digestive system. Therefore, it is important to conduct research, give the correct analysis of data in order to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment.

How do doctors diagnose dyspepsia?

Dyspepsia is a symptom complex that may include various symptoms such as a feeling of heaviness in the stomach, belching, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, constipation or diarrhea. As a rule, to diagnose dyspepsia, the doctor conducts an examination of the patient, which may include:

1. Medical history. The doctor will ask the patient a series of questions to find out how long the symptoms have been on, how often they occur, and what their characteristics are.
2. Physical examination. During a physical examination, the doctor may notice changes in the abdomen, such as bloating or tenderness.
3. Blood and urine tests. Blood and urine testing may help identify infections or other conditions that may cause dyspepsia.
4. Gastroenterological studies. These tests include esophagogastroduodenoscopy (endoscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract), abdominal ultrasound, x-rays of the stomach and intestines, and other methods.
5. Electrogastrogram. This is a special study that evaluates the motor function of the stomach and prostate by measuring the electrical activity of the muscles and nerves in this area.

Only after all the necessary tests have been carried out, the doctor can make a diagnosis of dyspepsia and recommend a specific therapy for its treatment.

Tests and procedures for dyspepsia

Laboratory tests

The following laboratory tests are commonly ordered to diagnose dyspepsia:

• Complete blood count . Allows you to detect the presence of inflammation or infection.
• Biochemical blood test . Gives information about the functioning of the liver, pancreas and other organs.
• Fecal occult blood test . Indicates the presence of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
• Fecal analysis for dysbacteriosis . Assesses the composition of the microflora in the intestine.

Instrumental tests

The following instrumental methods can be used to more accurately diagnose and determine the causes of dyspepsia:

• Fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS) . Study of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Allows you to assess the condition of the mucous membrane, identify ulcers, tumors, advanced forms of gastritis.
• Colonoscopy . Examination of the large intestine. Allows you to identify neoplasms, ulcers, polyps and other pathologies.
• Gastrointestinal ultrasound . Allows you to assess the position and size of organs, including the gallbladder and liver. Detects the presence of stones, tumors and other pathologies.

Treatment of dyspepsia

After determining the causes of dyspepsia and conducting appropriate studies, treatment is prescribed, which may include the following measures:

• Treatment of the underlying disease . If dyspepsia is caused by a gastrointestinal disease, such as a stomach ulcer, then this disease is treated.
• Changes in diet . A diet is prescribed. Changing your diet can help relieve symptoms of indigestion.
• Preparations . Drugs that improve the digestive process, reduce bloating and gas formation, as well as drugs that reduce acid secretion may be prescribed.
• Timely and correct administration of medications . In some cases, dyspepsia may occur as a side effect when taking medications. In this case, it may be necessary to change the time of administration or change the medicine.

Be sure to follow the doctor’s recommendations and prescriptions, avoid stressful situations and control your lifestyle.

Treating dyspepsia

Avoid certain foods

Treating dyspepsia may start with changing your diet. Avoid foods that can irritate your stomach, such as fatty and spicy foods, alcohol, acidic fruits and drinks, coffee, and chocolate. Try removing them from your diet for a few weeks and see how your stomach reacts.

Drink enough fluids

Drinking enough fluids can help reduce symptoms of dyspepsia such as constipation or diarrhea. But avoid drinking drinks that can irritate your stomach, like alcohol and coffee. Try increasing your intake of water and other liquids such as low-fat milk, broths, or still water.

Eat a regular diet

Eat a regular diet, eat small meals several times a day. In this way, you can relieve the pressure on your stomach and reduce the symptoms of indigestion. Avoid quick snacks and large meals.

Take medication

Chronic symptoms of dyspepsia may be due to Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that is positively affected by antibiotics. Tell your doctor about your symptoms so he can prescribe medication. Over-the-counter medications such as antacids and heartburn medications may also help for a short time.

Examples of drugs Name of the drug Use

See a doctor if needed

If dyspeptic symptoms do not improve after diet changes and medications, see a doctor. He can conduct an additional examination to find out the cause of the symptoms and prescribe adequate treatment.

What are the treatment options for dyspepsia?

Dyspepsia is a digestive disorder that manifests itself in the form of various symptoms: belching, nausea, heartburn, abdominal pain, etc. Treatment for dyspepsia can be done at home or by a doctor.

Home treatment

If there are no serious health problems, dyspepsia can be treated at home using the following methods:

• Change in diet: avoiding dyspepsia-causing foods, eating small meals, slow chewing.
• Use of probiotics: Adding prebiotics to the diet to improve digestion.
• Other methods: the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, the use of drugs to reduce the secretion of gastric juice.

Occupational treatment

Chronic dyspepsia may require more serious treatment, which may include:

• Prescription medications: proton pump inhibitors, antacids, antibiotics to treat diseases that cause dyspepsia.
• Therapy: psychological therapy for the treatment of psychological causes of dyspepsia such as stress and anxiety.
• Procedures: Endoscopy, treatment of ulcers or other disorders that cause dyspepsia.

All treatments for dyspepsia require an individual approach and consultation with a specialist.

Indigestion drugs

Antacids

Antacids are a group of drugs used to neutralize excess acid in the stomach. They are often attributed to patients with dyspepsia, as hyperacidity can cause heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. Antacids usually contain bicarbonates, which react quickly with acid.

Among the most popular antacids are ranitidine, omeprazole, famotidine and magnesium preparations. However, it is important to remember that these medications can have side effects, such as altered stomach acidity, which can lead to other health problems.

Probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms that may have beneficial effects on gut health. They are added as a component to foods or sold as a separate preparation. Probiotics can help with dyspepsia, as it may be associated with an imbalance in the microflora in the gut.

Probiotics may be found in dairy products such as yogurt, kefir, cottage cheese, and others, and may also be sold as food supplements or preparations. Their important advantage is that they are natural, so they do not cause side effects.

Enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in the body. They play a key role in digestion by breaking down proteins, fats and carbohydrates into smaller molecules. Enzyme preparations can help with dyspepsia, as it may be due to a deficiency of certain stomach or pancreatic enzymes.

Among the best known digestive enzymes are lactase, trypsin chloride and bromelain. These preparations can be presented in the form of capsules, tablets, or added as components to other preparations.

Lifestyle advice for dyspepsia

Nutrition

In dyspepsia, it is necessary to monitor the quality and quantity of food. It is recommended to eat small portions of food often, at least 4-5 times a day. Avoid fatty, fried, spicy and spicy foods and limit your intake of coffee, tea, soda and alcohol. It is also important to monitor the speed of eating and chew food well.

Physical activity

Regular physical activity will help improve digestion and overall health. It is recommended that you exercise at least 30 minutes a day, such as running, walking, swimming or yoga. However, before starting classes, you should consult with your doctor.

Psycho-emotional state

Stress and lack of sleep can impair the digestive process. Therefore, it is important to monitor the psycho-emotional state and rest, at least 7-8 hours a day. You should also avoid stressful situations and relax, for example, by meditation or yoga.

Making lifestyle changes can help prevent flare-ups of dyspepsia and improve quality of life. However, before following the recommendations, you should consult your doctor.

Preventing dyspepsia

Maintaining a healthy diet

A healthy diet should be followed to prevent dyspepsia. A moderate meal in portions is recommended, where each meal consists of 5-6 small portions per day. You should also avoid eating large amounts of fatty, spicy, salty and sweet foods.

Refusal of bad habits

Smoking and drinking alcohol negatively affect the functioning of the stomach and the whole organism as a whole. To prevent dyspepsia, it is necessary to abandon these bad habits.

Physical activity

Regular exercise helps improve the functioning of the digestive tract and prevent dyspepsia. It is recommended to exercise at least twice a week or replace at least a short walk after eating.

Stress avoidance

Frequent stress and nervous experiences negatively affect the functioning of the stomach, which can lead to dyspepsia. To prevent this, you need to avoid stressful situations, practice meditation or yoga, and communicate with friends and loved ones.

Regular medical check-ups

Regular medical check-ups help to detect and treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, including dyspepsia, in a timely manner. It is recommended to undergo medical examinations at least once a year.

How can dyspepsia be prevented?

Dyspepsia is a disorder of the digestive system, which is accompanied by various unpleasant sensations in the stomach, gas formation, heartburn, etc. Fortunately, measures can be taken to prevent its development.

Follow the correct diet. Do not overeat or starve. Stick to the rules of a diet that does not create unnecessary stress on the stomach and digestive system.

Reduce your alcohol and nicotine use. Nicotine and alcohol are serious irritants of the gastric mucosa, which can lead to dyspepsia.

Avoid stressful situations. Stress can cause disruption of the stomach and other organs of the digestive system. Try learning how to relax through meditation, yoga, or other ways.

Drink enough water. Sufficient water helps flush out toxins and also speeds up transit in the digestive tract.

Avoid foods that impair the digestive system. These include: fatty and fried foods, fast-digesting carbohydrates, strong coffee and other irritants.

Following these tips will help prevent dyspepsia and keep your digestive system in good condition.

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Q&A:

What is dyspepsia?

Dyspepsia is a disorder of the digestive system, which is manifested by increased sensitivity of the stomach and intestines, difficult digestion, belching, heartburn, constipation, diarrhea and other unpleasant symptoms.

What are the causes of dyspepsia?

There can be many reasons: unbalanced diet, damage to the gastrointestinal tract, stress, dysmotility of the stomach and intestines, diseases of the liver and gallbladder, infections, certain medications, and others.

What symptoms are associated with dyspepsia?

Among them are: belching, heartburn, crushed or undigested pieces of food in the stool, nausea, vomiting, pain and discomfort in the abdomen, decrease or loss of appetite, constipation, diarrhea, bloating, problems with swallowing.

How can dyspepsia be treated?

There are many ways to deal with dyspepsia, including changing your diet, drinking fluids during and after meals, taking fresh air after meals, taking stomach enzymes, relaxing and minimizing stress, taking medications, and more.

What is the recommended diet for people with dyspepsia?

Make sure that the food is easy to digest and does not cause discomfort or pain. You should not eat fatty, spicy, heavy foods, alcohol, coffee, too sweet or salty foods, fast food. It is also important to properly break down meals into several meals a day and eat food in a quiet and peaceful environment.

When should I see a doctor if I have symptoms of dyspepsia?

Seek medical attention if symptoms of dyspepsia persist for a long time, become worse, or result in weight loss. It is also worth paying attention to symptoms that may indicate more serious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, for example: blood in the stool, vomiting blood, discoloration of feces, excessive thirst, severe pain in the abdomen.

Stomach disorders: symptoms, types, treatment

12-19-2022

Almost all of us have to deal with an upset stomach from time to time. This is noticeable by annoying symptoms such as abdominal pain, accompanied by a feeling of fullness or nausea, and greatly disrupts the daily routine. Upset stomach symptoms can have different, depending on the complexity and cause. How do these ailments occur? And more importantly, what can we do to prevent indigestion?

Dyspepsia, or indigestion as it is most often called, may be characterized by pain or burning in the upper abdomen, and a feeling of fullness. This is not a single disease, but a series of symptoms that often indicate bad eating habits.

Symptoms may also occur in the presence of existing stomach disease such as ulcers, gastritis or functional dyspepsia.

In case of indigestion, digestion is impaired for a short time – and attracts attention with similar symptoms. In addition to feeling nauseous, stomach problems may have the following symptoms:

• bloating;
• burning sensation in the upper part of the stomach;
• nausea and even vomiting;
• rumbling in the abdomen;
• abdominal pain;
• stomach cramps;
• acid eructation;
• heartburn.

What causes indigestion?

The causes of indigestion can be very diverse, and in some cases there may be several causes at the same time. While it is possible that a gastrointestinal disorder may be the cause, it is most often simply the result of overeating, rushing, or stress. Common causes of indigestion include:

1. Nutrition and diet: spoiled, intolerable or indigestible foods high in fat or sugar can have the same effect: the stomach is unable to process food for digestion and would like to get rid of interfering factors as quickly as possible. Hasty eating combined with insufficient chewing or large bites will also have the same effect.
2. Stress can also affect digestion. Stress hormones can cause the body to restrict the functions of the digestive system: the mobility of the stomach decreases. As a result, any factors that cause indigestion can be exacerbated, especially if fatigue or a general unhealthy lifestyle are added to it.

If you have gastrointestinal problems, the symptoms may be mistaken for indigestion but are actually manifestations of other problems: because the stomach cannot adequately protect itself from its own digestive juices. The acids contained can directly affect the gastric mucosa and are therefore responsible for symptoms that can be mistaken for gastric disorders.

Functional dyspepsia (commonly known as gastric neurosis): some people experience persistent symptoms without the presence of organic disease. Functional dyspepsia is a gastrointestinal disorder in which normal processes in the stomach are disturbed – stomach movements lose their rhythm, stomach nerves are hypersensitive, and pain perception is increased.

Therefore, to eliminate the factors that cause your recurring ailments, do not hesitate to contact your doctor. Describe your symptoms as accurately as possible so that the specialist can recommend the appropriate treatment for the gastrointestinal tract.

What is the difference between simple indigestion and functional dyspepsia?

Because the symptoms of indigestion and functional dyspepsia are very similar, it is important to understand the difference. Functional indigestion (symptoms described below) is a chronic functional disorder that persists for more than seven days per month for at least three months. A diagnosis can only be made if any symptoms have occurred within the past six months. The most common symptoms of functional dyspepsia include early satiety, or feeling full quickly with or without food, and severe abdominal pain and burning. Symptoms of functional dyspepsia may gradually worsen, come and go, or persist for some time. It is worth remembering that functional dyspepsia occurs without the presence of a specific somatic disease. It also does not involve bodily processes (such as menstruation, bowel movements, or eating), drugs, or toxins.

As mentioned above, indigestion usually resolves within a few hours without the need for medical intervention. But if your symptoms worsen or occur more frequently, you need to see a specialist who will examine and prescribe treatment for indigestion.

How to treat the gastrointestinal tract?

How to deal with indigestion mainly depends on its cause. However, there are measures that will help relieve symptoms in any case:

1. Eat right: especially if you have a stomach ache, it is recommended not only to follow a stomach-friendly diet, but also a way of eating. It is best to eat slowly, several small meals a day, chewing your food thoroughly.
2. Relax: It will be easier for you and your stomach to calm down if the cozy warmth helps you to relax. Use a warm compress, such as a heating pad.
3. Remain calm: To recover from an upset stomach, allow yourself to rest.