What are Bartholin’s cysts. How do they develop. What are the symptoms of a Bartholin’s cyst. When should you see a doctor for a Bartholin’s cyst. How are Bartholin’s cysts diagnosed and treated. Who is most at risk for developing Bartholin’s cysts. Can Bartholin’s cysts be prevented.

Understanding Bartholin’s Cysts: An Overview

Bartholin’s cysts are small, fluid-filled sacs that develop near the opening of the vagina. These cysts form when the Bartholin’s glands, a pair of pea-sized glands located on either side of the vaginal opening, become blocked. While often harmless, these cysts can sometimes grow large enough to cause discomfort or become infected, leading to more serious complications.

The Anatomy and Function of Bartholin’s Glands

To fully comprehend Bartholin’s cysts, it’s essential to understand the role of the Bartholin’s glands in female reproductive health. These small glands, typically no larger than 1 cm across, play a crucial role in sexual function.

What do Bartholin’s glands do?

Bartholin’s glands secrete a clear, lubricating fluid that helps reduce friction during sexual intercourse. This fluid travels through tiny ducts into the vagina, ensuring comfort and facilitating sexual activity.

Causes and Risk Factors for Bartholin’s Cysts

The exact cause of Bartholin’s cysts isn’t always clear, but several factors can contribute to their development:

• Duct blockage: When the ducts that carry fluid from the Bartholin’s glands become obstructed, fluid can accumulate, leading to cyst formation.
• Bacterial infections: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like gonorrhea or chlamydia can sometimes lead to blockages.
• Other bacterial infections: Non-STI bacteria, such as E. coli, may also cause duct obstruction.
• Age: Women between 20 and 30 years old are most commonly affected.

Are certain individuals more prone to developing Bartholin’s cysts?

While any woman can develop a Bartholin’s cyst, they are most common in sexually active women in their 20s and 30s. Interestingly, these cysts are rare in children (as the glands aren’t fully functional before puberty) and in postmenopausal women (due to gland shrinkage).

Recognizing the Symptoms of Bartholin’s Cysts

Bartholin’s cysts can present with a range of symptoms, from barely noticeable to quite uncomfortable. Understanding these signs can help you seek timely medical attention when necessary.

What are the common symptoms of a Bartholin’s cyst?

The most common symptoms include:

• A painless lump near the vaginal opening
• Discomfort while walking, sitting, or during sexual intercourse
• Swelling or enlargement of one side of the vulva
• Pain in the skin surrounding the vagina (vulva)

If the cyst becomes infected and develops into an abscess, additional symptoms may occur:

• Redness and swelling in the affected area
• Increased tenderness and pain
• Fever
• General discomfort

Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

Proper diagnosis of a Bartholin’s cyst is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment plan. Healthcare providers use various methods to confirm the presence of a cyst and rule out other conditions.

How are Bartholin’s cysts diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves:

1. Physical examination: A healthcare provider will visually inspect and palpate the area to check for swelling or lumps.
2. Medical history: Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and any past occurrences of cysts or infections.
3. Swab test: If infection is suspected, a sample of discharge may be taken for laboratory analysis.
4. Biopsy: In rare cases, especially for older patients, a small tissue sample may be taken to rule out Bartholin’s gland cancer.

Treatment Options for Bartholin’s Cysts

The treatment approach for Bartholin’s cysts depends on the size of the cyst, presence of infection, and severity of symptoms. Options range from conservative home remedies to surgical interventions.

What are the available treatments for Bartholin’s cysts?

Treatment options include:

• Watchful waiting: Small, asymptomatic cysts may resolve on their own without intervention.
• Sitz baths: Soaking the affected area in warm water several times a day can provide relief and promote drainage.
• Over-the-counter pain relievers: These can help manage discomfort associated with the cyst.
• Antibiotics: If an infection is present, oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed.
• Surgical drainage: For larger or persistent cysts, a minor surgical procedure may be necessary to drain the fluid.
• Marsupialization: This procedure creates a permanent opening to allow continued drainage and prevent recurrence.
• Gland excision: In severe or recurrent cases, complete removal of the Bartholin’s gland may be recommended.

Potential Complications and Recurrence

While most Bartholin’s cysts are benign and easily treatable, they can sometimes lead to complications or recur after treatment. Understanding these possibilities can help patients make informed decisions about their care.

Can Bartholin’s cysts lead to serious complications?

In most cases, Bartholin’s cysts do not cause serious complications. However, potential risks include:

• Abscess formation: If a cyst becomes infected, it can develop into a painful abscess requiring immediate medical attention.
• Sepsis: In rare cases, untreated infections can spread to the bloodstream, causing a potentially life-threatening condition called sepsis.
• Cellulitis: The infection may spread to surrounding tissues, causing cellulitis.
• Sexual discomfort: Large cysts can interfere with sexual intercourse and cause pain.

How common is recurrence after treatment?

Recurrence rates vary depending on the treatment method used. Simple drainage procedures have a higher recurrence rate compared to more invasive treatments like marsupialization or gland excision. Some studies suggest recurrence rates of up to 20% after initial treatment.

Prevention and Self-Care Measures

While it’s not always possible to prevent Bartholin’s cysts, certain measures can reduce the risk of developing them or experiencing complications.

How can you reduce the risk of developing Bartholin’s cysts?

While complete prevention isn’t always possible, you can take steps to minimize your risk:

• Practice safe sex: Using condoms can help prevent sexually transmitted infections that may contribute to cyst formation.
• Maintain good hygiene: Keeping the genital area clean can help prevent bacterial infections.
• Avoid irritants: Use mild, unscented soaps and avoid douching, which can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina.
• Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help maintain overall vaginal health.
• Wear breathable underwear: Cotton underwear allows for better air circulation, reducing moisture buildup.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Knowing when to consult a healthcare provider about a Bartholin’s cyst is crucial for timely treatment and prevention of complications.

Under what circumstances should you see a doctor for a Bartholin’s cyst?

You should seek medical attention if:

• You notice a painful, swollen lump near your vaginal opening
• The cyst is growing larger or causing significant discomfort
• You experience fever, chills, or other signs of infection
• The cyst interferes with daily activities or sexual intercourse
• You’re over 40 and develop a new lump in the vaginal area

Early intervention can prevent the development of more serious complications and ensure proper treatment.

Living with Bartholin’s Cysts: Coping and Support

Dealing with Bartholin’s cysts can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. Understanding how to cope with the condition and where to find support can greatly improve quality of life for those affected.

How can you manage the emotional impact of Bartholin’s cysts?

Coping strategies may include:

• Education: Learning about the condition can help alleviate anxiety and empower you to make informed decisions about your health.
• Open communication: Discussing your concerns with your partner, friends, or healthcare provider can provide emotional relief and support.
• Support groups: Connecting with others who have experienced similar issues can offer valuable insights and emotional support.
• Self-care: Engaging in stress-reducing activities like meditation, yoga, or regular exercise can improve overall well-being.

Are there any lifestyle adjustments that can help manage recurring cysts?

While lifestyle changes cannot guarantee prevention of recurrence, some adjustments may help:

• Wearing loose-fitting, breathable clothing to reduce friction and moisture in the genital area
• Avoiding irritating products like scented soaps or douches
• Maintaining a healthy diet and staying hydrated to support overall vaginal health
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling
• Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider to monitor for early signs of cyst development

Research and Future Directions in Bartholin’s Cyst Management

As medical science advances, new approaches to treating and managing Bartholin’s cysts are being explored. Staying informed about these developments can provide hope and new options for those affected by recurrent or difficult-to-treat cysts.

What new treatments are being researched for Bartholin’s cysts?

Emerging research areas include:

• Novel drainage techniques: Less invasive methods for draining cysts that may reduce recurrence rates and improve patient comfort
• Biological therapies: Investigating the use of growth factors or stem cells to promote healing and prevent cyst formation
• Targeted antibiotics: Developing more effective antibiotic treatments for infected cysts based on better understanding of the bacteria involved
• Preventive strategies: Exploring ways to maintain gland function and prevent duct blockage

How might future treatments improve outcomes for patients with Bartholin’s cysts?

Potential benefits of ongoing research include:

• Reduced recurrence rates through more effective treatments
• Minimally invasive procedures that offer faster recovery times
• Improved quality of life for those prone to recurrent cysts
• Better understanding of risk factors, leading to more effective prevention strategies

As research progresses, patients with Bartholin’s cysts can look forward to potentially more effective and less invasive treatment options in the future.

Bartholin’s cyst – NHS

A Bartholin’s cyst, also called a Bartholin’s duct cyst, is a small fluid-filled sac just inside the opening of the vagina.

Symptoms of a Bartholin’s cyst

You may feel a soft, painless lump. This does not usually cause any problems.

But if the cyst grows very large, it can become noticeable and uncomfortable. You may feel pain in the skin surrounding the vagina (vulva) when you walk, sit down or have sex.

The cyst can sometimes affect the outer pair of lips surrounding the vagina (labia majora). One side may look swollen or bigger than usual.

If the cyst becomes infected, it can cause a painful collection of pus (abscess) to develop in one of the Bartholin’s glands.

Signs of an abscess include the affected area becoming red, swollen, tender and hot. It can also cause a high temperature.

When to see a GP

Small Bartholin’s cysts are sometimes only found during a routine cervical screening test or an examination carried out for another reason.

Always see a GP if you develop a lump in the area around your vagina so they can confirm a diagnosis and rule out more serious conditions.

If they think the cyst or one of your Bartholin’s glands may be infected, they may use a swab to remove a sample of discharge for analysis to identify the bacteria responsible.

Sometimes, a GP may recommend you have a biopsy. A small sample of cyst tissue will be removed and examined under a microscope to check for signs of a rare type of vulval cancer called Bartholin’s gland cancer.

What causes Bartholin’s cysts?

The Bartholin’s glands are a pair of pea-sized glands found just behind and either side of the lips that surround the entrance to the vagina.

The glands are not usually noticeable because they’re rarely larger than 1cm (0.4 inches) across.

The Bartholin’s glands secrete fluid that acts as a lubricant during sex. The fluid travels down tiny tubes called ducts into the vagina.

If the ducts become blocked, they can fill with fluid and expand to form a cyst.

It’s often not known why the ducts become blocked, but sometimes it’s linked to sexually transmitted bacterial infections (STIs), such as gonorrhoea or chlamydia, or other bacterial infections, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli).

How Bartholin’s cysts are treated

If you do not have any noticeable symptoms, it’s unlikely you’ll need treatment.

If the cyst is painful, a GP may recommend some simple self-care measures, such as soaking the cyst in warm water several times a day for 3 or 4 days and taking painkillers you can buy from a pharmacy or supermarket.

If these do not work, several treatments are available to treat the pain and any infection. If necessary, the cyst can be drained. Most of these treatments involve a minor surgical procedure.

A Bartholin’s cyst can sometimes return after treatment.

Who’s affected

A Bartholin’s cyst usually affects sexually active women aged 20 to 30.

Bartholin’s cysts do not usually affect children because the Bartholin’s glands do not start functioning until puberty. 

The cysts are also uncommon after the menopause as this usually causes the Bartholin’s glands to shrink.

Preventing Bartholin’s cysts

It’s not clear exactly why Bartholin’s cysts develop, so it’s not usually possible to prevent them.

But as some are thought to be linked to STIs, practising safe sex (using a condom every time you have sex) can help reduce your chances of developing Bartholin’s cysts .

Get more advice about STIs

Page last reviewed: 26 October 2021
Next review due: 26 October 2024

Bartholin cyst or abscess Information | Mount Sinai

Abscess – Bartholin; Infected Bartholin gland

Bartholin abscess is the buildup of pus that forms a lump (swelling) in one of the Bartholin glands. These glands are found on each side of the vaginal opening.

External structures of the female reproductive anatomy include the labium minora and majora, the vagina and the clitoris. Internal structures include the uterus, ovaries, and cervix.

Bartholin glands are found on each side of the vaginal opening. A Bartholin cyst is a buildup of fluid that occurs if the opening of the gland is blocked. A Bartholin abscess may occur if the cyst fluid becomes infected. The Bartholin cyst or abscess appears as a lump or swelling on the side of the vaginal opening.

Causes

A Bartholin abscess forms when a small opening (duct) from the gland gets blocked. Fluid in the gland builds up and may become infected. Fluid may build up over many years before an abscess occurs.

Often the abscess appears quickly over several days. The area will become very hot and swollen. Activity that puts pressure on the vulva, and walking and sitting, may cause severe pain.

Symptoms

Symptoms may include:

• A tender lump on either side of the vaginal opening
• Swelling and redness
• Pain with sitting or walking
• Fever, in people with low immunity
• Pain with sexual intercourse
• Vaginal discharge
• Vaginal pressure

Exams and Tests

The health care provider will do a pelvic exam. The Bartholin gland will be enlarged and tender. In rare cases, a biopsy may be suggested in older women to look for a tumor.

Any vaginal discharge or fluid drainage will be sent to a lab for testing.

Treatment

SELF-CARE STEPS

Soaking in warm water 4 times a day for several days can ease the discomfort. It can also help the abscess open and drain on its own. However, the opening is often very small and closes quickly. Therefore, the abscess often returns.

DRAINAGE OF THE ABSCESS

A small surgical cut can completely drain the abscess. This relieves symptoms and provides the fastest recovery.

• The procedure can be done under local anesthesia in a provider’s office.
• A 1 to 2 cm cut is made at the site of abscess. The cavity is irrigated with normal saline. A catheter (tube) may be inserted and left in place for 4 to 6 weeks. This allows continuous drainage while the area heals. Sutures are not required.
• You should begin soaking in warm water 1 to 2 days afterward. You cannot have sexual intercourse until the catheter is removed.

You may be asked to have antibiotics if there is pus or other signs of infection.

MARSUPIALIZATION

Women can also be treated with a minor surgery called marsupialization.

• The procedure involves creating an elliptical opening along the cyst to help the gland drain. The abscess is removed. The provider places stitches at the edges of the cyst.
• The procedure can sometimes be done in the clinic with medicine to numb the area. In other cases, it may need to be done in the hospital with general anesthesia so that you are asleep and pain-free.
• You should begin soaking in warm water 1 to 2 days afterward. You cannot have sexual intercourse for 4 weeks after surgery.
• You can use oral pain medicines after the procedure. Your provider may prescribe narcotic pain medicines if you need them.

EXCISION

Your provider may recommend that the glands be completely removed if abscesses keep coming back.

• The procedure involves surgical removal of the entire cyst wall.
• Generally performed in the hospital under general anesthesia.
• You cannot have sexual intercourse for 4 weeks after surgery.

Outlook (Prognosis)

The chance of a full recovery is excellent. The abscesses may return in few cases.

It is important to treat any vaginal infection that is diagnosed at the same time as the abscess.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call your provider if:

• You notice a painful, swollen lump on the labia near the vagina opening and it does not improve with 2 to 3 days of home treatment.
• Pain is severe and interferes with your normal activity.
• You have one of these cysts and develop a fever higher than 100.4°F (38°C).

Ambrose G, Berlin D. Incision and drainage. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts and Hedges’ Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 37.

Dolan MS, Hill C, Valea FA. Benign gynecologic lesions: vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct, ovary, ultrasound imaging of pelvic structures. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 18.

Smith RP. Bartholin gland cyst/abscess drainage. In: Smith RP, ed. Netter’s Obstetrics and Gynecology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 251.

Tuggy ML. Bartholin cyst and abscess: word catheter insertion marsupialization. In: Fowler GC, ed. Pfenninger and Fowler’s Procedures for Primary Care. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 118.

Last reviewed on: 4/19/2022

Reviewed by: John D. Jacobson, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A. D.A.M. Editorial team.

Bartholin gland cyst | Dikul Center

Bartholin gland cyst (or vulvar cyst) is a cyst that can form on both sides of the labia, near the entrance to the vagina. The cyst is formed from the Bartholin glands, which produce the mucus needed to lubricate the vagina. The Bartholin glands and labia are part of the female reproductive system.

A Bartholin gland cyst is formed when the outflow of fluid from the opening of the gland is disturbed and mucus accumulates and a tubercle forms. Usually, a cyst develops on only one of the two Bartholin’s glands. Some Bartholin gland cysts are small and do not cause pain. If the cyst becomes infected, then an abscess is formed and pain may appear, and then treatment is required.

Symptoms

In most cases, a Bartholin’s cyst does not cause symptoms and can be detected during hygiene care or after a gynecological examination. Typically, cysts are painless and resolve on their own.

Some women may experience discomfort with movement or during intercourse, while others may experience general swelling of the vulva.

However, the cyst can become infected with bacteria and fester, forming an abscess. When an abscess forms, there may be symptoms such as:

• Presence of red swollen bump
• Greenish-yellow purulent discharge from swelling
• High fever with chills
• Body aches
• General weakness

Bartholin gland cyst in some cases becomes very large and causes discomfort when walking, sitting, having sex. Even if the cyst is not infected, if it is large, it can cause pain.

Causes

A Bartholin gland cyst forms when there is a blockage in the orifice of the Bartholin gland. The Bartholin glands are located to the left and right of the entrance to the vagina, and they produce mucus that lubricates the tissues of the vagina. With blockage, mucus cannot leave the gland and a cyst forms.

Causes of blockage are not always known, but may include:

• Bacterial vaginal infection, such as E. coli.
• Thick consistency of vaginal mucus
• Injuries of the vagina
• STDs such as chlamydia and gonorrhea
• Surgical vulvovaginal procedures

Statistics show that 2% of women develop a Bartholin gland cyst during their lifetime. The cyst most often forms in sexually active women between the ages of 20 and 30. As age increases, the risk of developing a cyst decreases, as there is a gradual decrease in Bartholin’s glands and a decrease in mucus secretion.

When should I see a doctor?

A woman should contact her doctor if she develops a painful lump near the vaginal opening that does not go away after two or three days of self-care, such as soaking the area in warm water (sitz bath). If the pain is severe, you should immediately make an appointment with a doctor.

You should also contact your doctor immediately if a woman finds a new tumor near the entrance to the vagina and she is over 40 years old. Although such a tumor is rare, it can be a sign of a more serious problem, such as cancer.

Diagnosis

A doctor diagnoses a Bartholin’s cyst during a gynecological examination. The doctor will also take a medical history and take a mucus sample to check for infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia.

If the woman is menopausal or postmenopausal, her doctor may recommend a biopsy to rule out vulvar cancer. During a biopsy, a part of the cyst is taken for examination of the tissue in the laboratory under a microscope.

Depending on the woman’s age and the risk of sexually transmitted infections, the doctor may recommend laboratory tests (blood tests for infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV).

Treatment

If a Bartholin’s cyst does not cause symptoms, then treatment may not be required as it may disappear on its own. However, if a woman notices an increase in the size or change in the shape of the cyst, then she needs to see a doctor.

If the cyst is painful or uncomfortable, your doctor may recommend warm sitz baths several times a day for three to four days. This may improve drainage and rupture of the cyst.

Women are advised not to open the cyst themselves, as this greatly increases the risk of infection.

Medications

Analgesics such as acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen may be recommended to reduce inflammation and pain.

If an abscess has formed, your doctor may prescribe an oral antibiotic such as cipro (ciprofloxacin), rocefin (ceftriaxone), zithromax (azithromycin), or doxycycline to help clear the infection.

If a woman is diagnosed with chlamydia, either a single dose of an antibiotic or a course of treatment can be prescribed. For gonorrhea, a single intramuscular injection of Rocephin (ceftriaxone) is usually recommended. If chlamydia is not ruled out, oral doxycycline (100 mg twice daily for seven days) is recommended.

Specialized Procedures

If the cyst does not resolve after home treatment or the cyst is infected and large, the doctor may prescribe surgical procedures.

Treatment options include:

• Needle aspiration: This procedure can be performed on an outpatient basis and involves inserting a needle into the cyst to suck out pus. This procedure is rarely used because of the high risk of recurrence.
• Incisional drainage: This procedure involves cutting the cyst and draining the fluid. After that procedure, there are also relapses.
• Insertion of a catheter. This procedure involves inserting a balloon catheter into the cyst after it has been incised and drained. The catheter is then inflated and left in place (for a minimum of four weeks) to form a permanent opening. After such treatment, relapses are rare.
• Marsupialization: a small incision is made in the cyst and, after drainage, the edges of the incision are sutured to create a permanent drainage channel. Marsupialization is usually performed under general anesthesia and is mainly used in women with recurrent cysts.
• Excisional resection: If other procedures fail, the surgeon may recommend complete removal of the gland. The function of mucus secretion will be taken over by the remaining gland.
• Laser vaporization. With the help of a laser, the contents of the capsule are opened and evaporated. The method is not recommended in the presence of an abscess.

Bartholin’s cyst – symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of a Bartholin’s cyst

Bartholin’s cyst is a circumscribed, round, secretion-filled mass in the Bartholin’s gland that results from blockage of the excretory duct of the gland. Bartholin gland cysts are more often found in young women who are sexually active.

Bartholin’s glands (a large gland of the vestibule of the vagina) are located on both sides of the entrance to the vagina in the region of the labia minora. They protect the vulva and overlying structures from infections and injuries due to constant moisturizing and self-purification, and during sexual arousal and coition, they produce a viscous secret that acts as a lubricant and provides a woman with painless sexual intercourse.

The most common cause of Bartholin’s cyst is an acute infection in the vulva. Under the influence of infection, the external opening of the excretory duct closes, and its secret accumulates inside the gland, forming a cyst.

Sometimes the cause of the formation of a cyst of the large gland of the vaginal vestibule is a mechanical obstruction to the outflow of its contents during the development of fibrosis or hyperplasia of the surrounding tissues.

An uncomplicated small Bartholin’s cyst may not cause subjective sensations and may be incidentally discovered by a woman.

Symptoms appear only in case of infection of the cyst with the development of bartholinitis or purulent abscess of the Bartholin gland.

With infectious inflammation in the duct of the Bartholin gland, there are usually no bright symptoms, and the disease is quite easy to treat.

The vestibule of the vagina contains a significant number of nerve endings and a well-developed circulatory network, therefore, all acute pathological processes in this zone, including those in the Bartholin glands, are accompanied by pronounced clinical manifestations.

When an infection enters the cavity of the gland, the contents of the cyst become purulent, which can lead to the formation of an abscess of the Bartholin gland.

If the infection spreads to the entire gland, symptoms of an acute purulent process appear: fever, intoxication, sharp throbbing pain in the area of ​​the cyst. The skin in the area of ​​the abscess becomes purple and hot to the touch, the labia majora are very swollen and can block the entrance to the vagina.

Diagnosis of a Bartholin’s cyst begins with an examination of the vulva and a vaginal examination. External signs of a cyst are determined by its size. The asymmetry of the genital fissure is visualized, a one-sided increase in the labia majora due to inflammatory edema and large cysts, a rounded formation that rises above the skin of the labia majora. In the absence of inflammation, the skin over and around the cyst appears unchanged.

Treatment tactics depend on the size of the cyst and the presence of inflammatory changes in it. Small, no more than two centimeters, cysts of the Bartholin gland in the absence of complaints do not require urgent therapeutic measures.

Large cysts that disrupt the usual rhythm of life, as well as small cysts that cause physical and psychological discomfort to a woman, are surgically removed.

Treatment of a glandular cyst of the vestibule complicated by an inflammatory process involves conservative antibiotic therapy and surgical removal of the cyst if it is ineffective.

With a good state of “local immunity”, uncomplicated small cysts can resolve on their own, but this scenario does not guarantee the absence of a recurrence of the disease in the future.

The prognosis of the disease is generally favorable. Timely adequate treatment and subsequent preventive measures eliminate pathological changes in the glandular tissue.

If acute inflammation in the Bartholin’s gland is not treated properly or is treated by the patient himself, it can turn into a chronic inflammatory process.

Possible complications of the Bartholin gland cyst:

— purulent-inflammatory transformation of the cyst after infection (acute bartholinitis, gland abscess)

— development chronic inflammatory process and relapses (chronic bartholinitis, cyst recurrence)

– in immunodeficient conditions and diseases, the infection can enter the bloodstream (sepsis) or form fistulas – non-physiological passages between the gland and surrounding tissues.

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