Cold Medicine Options for Cough, Stuffy Nose, Runny Nose, and More

Written by Renee Bacher

• Stuffy Nose
• Runny Nose, Watery Eyes, and Sneezing
• Cough
• Fever, Aches, and Sore Throat
• Natural Cold Remedies

Over-the-counter medicines won’t cure your cold, but they might make you feel better, so you can rest as it runs its course. Here’s a look at some common products and what they can do for you.
 

Decongestants can curb swelling inside your nose and sinuses, and help you breathe more easily. If you have nasal or sinus congestion, then a decongestant can be helpful.

Decongestants can make some people hyper or keep them awake.

They can also increase blood pressure and heart rate, and raise the chance of heart attacks and strokes. Pseudoephedrine is the primary oral decongestant available. In general, if your blood pressure is well-controlled with medications, a decongestant shouldn’t be a problem as long as you monitor your blood pressure. This may not be true with certain types of blood pressure drugs. Check with your doctor or pharmacist about what may be best for you.

Nasal decongestants work fast to open breathing passages. But if you use them for more than 3 days in a row, you may have a “rebound effect” and end up more congested than you were at the start. Some doctors suggest using a saline spray instead of a medicated spray. Saline spray works more slowly but has no rebound effect.  

There is also a bioelectronic sinus device available to help reduce sinus inflammation, pain and congestion. Sold over-the counter, it works using microcurrents on nerve fibers to help relieve symptoms.

When you have a cold, your body makes chemicals called histamines. That leads to sneezing, a runny nose, and watery eyes.

Over-the-counter antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine block this process and can relieve those symptoms. They can also make you sleepy and dry out your eyes, nose, and mouth. Antihistamines can make secretions thick, which can be a problem for people with asthma.

Can’t stop hacking? You have two main choices in the cold-and-flu aisle:

• Cough suppressants, like dextromethorphan, can provide relief for a short time. They work on the part of your brain that controls the process.
• Expectorants, like guaifenesin, can break up congestion in your chest by thinning the mucus in your airways. This way, when you do cough, you can get rid of phlegm more easily. Drink plenty of water if you take this medicine.

An occasional cough may clear the lung of pollutants and excess phlegm and probably shouldn’t be treated. But a cough that won’t go away should be diagnosed and treated.

These symptoms are usually mild with a cold compared to a more serious illness, like the flu. Still, if you feel bad and can’t rest, most experts agree it’s OK to take something to ease pain and lower a fever, like acetaminophen or ibuprofen.

Fever may be a good thing. It helps the body fight off infection by suppressing the growth of bacteria and viruses and activating the immune system. Doctors no longer recommend fighting fever for most people, except perhaps for the very young, the very old, and those with certain medical conditions such as heart disease or lung disease. But if you’re uncomfortable, it’s fine to take these medications.

Young people (including those in their early 20s), however, should avoid aspirin. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil) are best. Each type of medicine has risks, so check with your doctor or pharmacist as to which type of pain reliever or fever reducer is best for you.

Drinking lots of fluids and using salt water gargles (made by mixing a cup of warm water and a teaspoon of salt) can often ease the pain of a sore throat. Some oral medications (such as Tylenol) and medicated lozenges and gargles can also temporarily soothe a sore throat. Check with your doctor before using any medications, including over-the-counter drugs, and don’t use lozenges or gargles for more than a few days. The drugs could mask signs of strep throat, a bacterial infection that should be treated with antibiotics.

Always check drug labels for side effects and follow the instructions for taking the medicine. Make sure it won’t mix poorly with any other medications you’re taking or health problems you have — ask your doctor or pharmacist if you’re not sure.

Maybe you’ve heard that vitamin C, echinacea, and zinc are good for a cold.

They aren’t cures, but vitamin C and zinc may shorten the length of an illness. Research on echinacea has been mixed. Before you try these products, check with your doctor to make sure they’ll work well with other medicines you’re taking.

Nasal strips can also help you breathe easier, since they can enlarge nasal passages while you wear them.

Other more traditional remedies might help relieve common cold discomfort, too.

• Drink plenty of liquids, including chicken soup. It can make you feel better.
• To relieve a sore throat, gargle with warm salt water, use throat sprays, and suck on ice or lozenges.
• Try a saltwater nasal rinse. These can help with a stuffy or runny nose.
• Use petroleum jelly on your nose if it’s irritated from constant blowing. Facial tissues with added lotions can help prevent, and heal, redness and soreness.
• Use a humidifier to help break up phlegm.

Do what you can to make yourself as comfortable as possible and rest while your body fights the cold virus.

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How to Choose Over-the-Counter Cold and Flu Meds

Most cold and flu drugs attack symptoms, not the specific viruses that cause the illnesses. They aren’t a cure, but they can make you feel better or shorten your illness.

There’s no one right way to treat a cold or the flu. But here are some questions you can ask your pharmacist to get the correct over-the-counter medication for you.

1. Should I take a decongestant or an antihistamine?

This depends on your symptoms. If you have nasal or sinus congestion, then a decongestant can help. If you have drainage — either a runny nose or postnasal drip or itchy, watery eyes — then an antihistamine could work.

Over-the-counter antihistamines could make you drowsy. Decongestants might make you hyper or keep you awake. Antihistamines can thicken mucus, which can be a problem for people with asthma.

Both of these medications may mix poorly with other drugs, like those that treat heart disease, and they may worsen some conditions, like high blood pressure. Ask your doctor or pharmacist which one is best for you.

2. Is it safe to take a decongestant if I have high blood pressure?

This type of medicine can increase blood pressure and heart rate, and raise the risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Pseudoephedrine is the main decongestant taken by mouth that’s available. In general, if your blood pressure is well controlled with medications, then a decongestant shouldn’t be a problem as long as you closely watch your BP. This may not be true with certain types of blood pressure drugs, so check with your doctor or pharmacist about what may be best for you.

3. How often should I use nasal spray?

Nasal decongestants work fast to open your airways. But if you use them for more than 3 days in a row, you may end up more stuffy than you were at the start.

Some doctors suggest using a saline spray instead of a medicated spray. It may take longer to work, but you won’t have problems down the line.

4. What’s the deal with cough medicine?

An occasional cough clears the gunk from your lungs. But one that goes on and on needs treatment.

On the shelf you’ll find tons of cough medicines with a zillion combinations of decongestants, antihistamines, analgesics/antipyretics, cough suppressants, and expectorants. Ask your pharmacist which, if any, would be right for you.

5. What should I take for fever and aches?

A fever can be a good thing. It kick-starts your immune system and helps your body fight off an infection by torching bacteria and viruses.

Doctors no longer suggest you try to lower it, except for people who are very young or old, and those with certain medical conditions such as heart disease or lung disease. If you’re uncomfortable, though, it’s fine to take a fever-reducer medication.

Young people, including those in their early 20s, should avoid aspirin. Medicines with acetaminophen and ibuprofen are best. Each type has its own set of risks, so talk to your doctor or pharmacist about which is best for you.

Be careful not to overdose. These drugs are often mixed in with cough and cold and flu remedies. Read the labels, and don’t take a separate pain remedy if your cough or cold medicine includes one. If you’re not sure what’s in it, talk to your pharmacist before you take it.

6. What’s best for my sore throat?

Drink lots of fluids, and use a salt-water gargle for relief. To make it, mix a cup of warm water and a teaspoon of salt. Some medications you take by mouth like acetaminophen, medicated lozenges, and gargles can also temporarily soothe a sore throat.

Get your doctor’s OK before you take anything, even over-the-counter drugs. Don’t use lozenges or gargles for more than a few days. The drugs could mask signs of strep throat, a bacterial infection that should be treated with antibiotics.

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Runny nose, or rhinitis, can occur for various reasons. They caught a cold, overcooled, inhaled a virus, dust or an allergen, injured the skin in the nose – and here it is, a runny nose. The mucous membrane becomes inflamed, swells, the nasal passages narrow and it becomes impossible to breathe.

To choose the best remedy for a cold, you need to know how they all differ. We have compiled a list of five types of drugs that are most often found on the shelves of pharmacies.

1. Sea water products

In the top of the best cold remedies, sea water-based products should be mentioned first. Among those are Aqua Maris, Aqualor, Dolphin, Morenazal, Marimer, Physiomer and others.

They are most often sold as a nasal wash rather than the usual drops or sprays. Such preparations literally wash away viruses and bacteria from the mucous membrane, increase local immunity due to the microelements contained in sea water and have a local anti-inflammatory effect. A hypertonic solution helps to relieve swelling and remove mucus, an isotonic one – conducts hygiene of the nasal cavity. However, you are unlikely to be able to breathe deeply immediately, the swelling subsides rather slowly.

With regular use, these products increase the resistance of the nasal mucosa to pathogenic bacteria and viruses, so it is an excellent option for the prevention of colds and flu.

They have almost no contraindications and “side effects”, but sometimes there are difficulties with their use. If you overdo it with washing, you can bring the solution into the middle ear and provoke otitis media.

Advantages:

• natural composition;
• almost no side effects and contraindications;
• allowed for children;
• are available without a prescription;
• can be used to prevent the common cold.

Disadvantages:

• effect may be delayed;
• there is a risk of rinsing the nose incorrectly and aggravating the condition.

2. Vasoconstrictors for the common cold

These are probably the most popular drugs for the common cold. This includes drugs such as Snoop, Xilen, Otrivin, Naphthyzin, Xymelin, Tizin and others.

All of them work according to the same principle – they constrict the vessels of the nasal mucosa, the blood flow decreases, and with it the edema also subsides. After taking a vasoconstrictor, the ability to breathe instantly returns to a person for 4-6 hours. But such drugs will not eliminate the cause of the common cold, their role is only to dull the symptoms of the disease.

There is another catch. Most of these funds should not be taken more often than prescribed in the instructions, and the course should not exceed 3-7 days. If you overdo it with vasoconstrictors, the opposite effect may develop, drug rhinitis is a constant nasal congestion, and you will become dependent on these drugs.

Advantages:

• the effect comes soon after use and lasts for several hours;
• can be taken by children;
• are available without a prescription.

Disadvantages:

• limited in number of uses;
• may cause rhinitis medicamentosa and addiction;
• does not eliminate the cause of the common cold.

3. Combined drugs

This includes drugs such as Sinupret, Polydex, Sanorin-Analergin, Vibrocil and others. Such drugs work in several directions at once, for example, they relieve swelling, improve the outflow of nasal mucus, and eliminate the manifestations of allergies.

In the composition of the combined remedies for the common cold, vasoconstrictor components can coexist with antiallergic, antibiotics – with hormonal agents.

These drugs are prescribed under strict supervision by the attending physician. Self-medication with such drugs is not recommended.

Advantages:

• act in several directions at once;
• may be used by children.

Drawbacks:

• have a number of side effects and contraindications;
• may be incompatible with other drugs.

4.

Hormonal remedies for the common cold

In the list of the best remedies for the common cold, one cannot fail to mention hormonal drugs. Among them are Nasonex, Avamys and others.

You cannot buy these products at the pharmacy without a prescription. They are designed to fight severe forms of the common cold, most often hormonal drugs are prescribed for various forms of allergic rhinitis, as well as for acute and chronic sinusitis.

These drugs have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effect, as well as relieve swelling.

Unlike vasoconstrictors, hormonal drugs do not cause dependence, but they have a rather extensive list of side effects. Here and nosebleeds, and irritation of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, and headache, and problems with taste and smell, even bronchospasm. They should be used strictly under the supervision of the attending physician!

Advantages:

• relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa;
• are not addictive;
• may be used by children.

Disadvantages:

• many side effects and limitations;
• is not compatible with all drugs;
• are available by prescription.

5. Antibiotic sprays

If at the doctor’s appointment it turns out that a bacterial infection caused a runny nose, and not a virus or an allergy, then you may be prescribed antibiotics – Isofra or Polydex with phenylephrine. Like hormonal drugs, these drugs will not be sold to you without a prescription – self-medication with antibiotics is dangerous. They will cope with their task – the fight against a bacterial infection (although they will have to be combined with taking pills), but if the runny nose is of an allergic or viral nature, there will be no sense.

The best antibiotics for a runny nose should contain additional vasoconstrictor or hormonal components, only then they will relieve swelling and make breathing easier. Otherwise, you will have to sniff until the cause of the cold is eliminated.

Advantages:

• eliminate the cause of the common cold if it is bacteria;
• may relieve swelling;
• are allowed for children over 2.5 years old.

Cons:

• are useless against colds caused by viruses;
• should not be used by pregnant or lactating women;
• are available by prescription only;
• may cause the development of drug-resistant bacteria.

How to choose an effective remedy for a cold

Entering a pharmacy, sometimes you feel confused: there are so many medicines on the shelves, but it is not clear how to choose an effective one. To spend money wisely and for health benefits, you need to remember a few tips.

1. The most sensible solution for any symptoms of a cold is to go to the doctor and find out where the runny nose came from and how to treat it: whether it is viral or bacterial, whether it is allergic or drug-induced rhinitis. So you save money by not buying funds at random, and you will not make complications.
2. If you have a favorite drug that you trust, do not be lazy to periodically read its instructions. Sometimes the dosage of the funds changes and, using them from old memory, you may not get the desired effect.
3. If a child sniffles, it is especially important to choose a drug that is legal for that age. Many medicines are available for children from 3 years of age, but for those who are younger, the list is rather limited. As a rule, younger children are more likely to recommend drugs in the form of drops, rather than sprays.
4. Do not be lazy to read the composition. First, it makes it clear whether the medicine is suitable for your type of cold. After all, drops with antibiotics and remedies for allergic rhinitis are not the same thing. Secondly, the composition may contain components to which you are allergic. This is especially true for products with essential oils and other natural ingredients.
5. Make sure you buy the correct dosage form. Sprays, drops, tablets, rinsing solutions – there are many options. If the spray can be used anywhere, then the solution for rinsing the nose at the cinema or at a meeting is not available. In addition, some children are reluctant to rinse their nose, perhaps drops or sprays in this case will be the best choice.
6. Many cold remedies work better if you rinse your nose first. Doctors advise doing this with a saline solution. It will mechanically wash away the mucus and help relieve swelling.

Photo: Pixabay

Expert Tip

“If you have a stuffy nose, before you run to the pharmacy, you can try to solve the problem with home remedies, for example, make a saline solution and rinse your nose with it. You will need a glass of warm water (approximately 36.6 °, you need to focus on body temperature). Add 1/4 teaspoon of salt to it and taste the liquid, it should be slightly salty,” explains general practitioner Alena Smirnova .

“While flushing, there is a risk that the solution will get into the Eustachian tube. This happens in the following cases:

• with a sharp pressure on the vial;
• when trying to wash out the nose when it is very stuffed up;
• with an existing perforation of the eardrum.

Therefore, it is very important to slowly squeeze the bottle, smoothly adjusting the rate of delivery of the solution into the nasal cavity, and also to observe the correct inclination of the body and head – forward by 90 degrees. In this position, the solution cannot enter the middle ear cavity. Before starting the procedure, do not forget to open your mouth – you need to breathe through it. When you finish flushing through one nostril, gently blow your nose.

But you don’t need to warm up your nose with steam! Firstly, the risk of burning the mucous membrane is greater than the benefit. Secondly, if pus has accumulated in the sinuses, then warming up can only aggravate the situation. Herbal preparations are generally an increased risk of allergic reactions. You definitely don’t need to worry about it.

By the way, you should not get carried away with vasoconstrictor drugs. They are best used in case of emergency, when nasal congestion is so severe that it leads to additional complaints: headache, ear congestion, sleep disturbance, and others. Duration of application is no more than 3-5 days.

The longer you use, the more you need drugs, as the vessels become insensitive to the initial dosage and more and more drops are needed to achieve the effect. As a result, drug addiction occurs, which is then difficult to get rid of, ”the doctor recalls.

Popular questions and answers

otorhinolaryngologist Boris Brokhovetsky answered our popular questions about remedies for the common cold.

What are the most effective cold remedies?

There is no such thing as “the most effective”. They can be used for different purposes, their effectiveness and need for a particular pathology should be evaluated by the doctor. Therefore, it is better to make an appointment with a specialist, find out the exact diagnosis and choose the right treatment.

When will nasal drops be contraindicated?

All nasal drops have their own contraindications that your doctor should tell you about. As a rule, contraindications for most nasal drops and sprays are pregnancy, serious cardiovascular problems, and atrophic forms of rhinitis.

Is it possible to treat a runny nose with folk remedies?

Of course, folk remedies can be used in the treatment of the common cold. But, like pharmaceuticals, folk remedies also have their own strict contraindications, and very often, not knowing about their consequences, patients are faced with the ineffectiveness of the procedures performed or even worsening of symptoms. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to seek the advice of a specialist.

Is it possible to overdose with drops?

Of course, like most medicines, the effects are different. Most often, people who use vasoconstrictor drops are exposed to an overdose. The feeling of instant “healing” of nasal breathing leads to their uncontrolled and prolonged use, which flows into drug-induced rhinitis, nosebleeds, atrophic rhinitis.

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Runny nose, although not considered a serious condition, is extremely unpleasant. Nasal congestion, persistent discharge of watery or thick mucus, crusting in the nose, and decreased sense of smell ¹ – extremely uncomfortable sensations. The runny nose itself is not a disease, but only a symptom of various pathologies: colds, allergies, inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses ² .

Sometimes nasal congestion and runny nose can be signs of special conditions such as pregnancy, hormonal imbalances or vascular disorders. Therefore, choosing drugs to effectively eliminate symptoms is not easy.

It is generally accepted that cold medicines are available only in the form of nasal sprays or drops. However, these drugs, although popular, have a predominantly symptomatic effect (that is, temporarily suppress mucus production and reduce congestion) ³ . Therefore, today they produce other forms – tablets for the common cold for adults. In childhood, these drugs are also used, but somewhat less frequently and strictly according to the doctor’s prescription.

Tablets fight not only with the common cold, but also with other manifestations of the disease. These preparations are especially useful in prolonged rhinitis of infectious or allergic origin ¹ .

List of top 5 tablets for the common cold according to KP

Considering the fact that tablets for the common cold have a more active effect on the body than drops and sprays, you need to select medicines together with a doctor who will determine the required dosage and duration of treatment.

Important! All drugs have side effects and contraindications. Our material is an overview and does not serve as a guide to action.

Sinupret

The herbal preparation comes in the form of round green tablets. It consists of dry extracts of plants: verbena officinalis herbs, sorrel herbs, black elder flowers, yellow gentian root and primrose flowers. The active ingredients have a complex effect: anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous, antiviral and antibacterial. The drug helps to reduce the viscosity of sputum in the paranasal sinuses and improve its excretion.

The drug is indicated for acute and chronic sinusitis accompanied by the formation of a viscous secretion ⁴ .

Contraindications : hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, lactation, children under 6 years of age, lactase deficiency, lactose and galactose intolerance.

Ingavirin

Refers to antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs and is available in the form of capsules, inside which are granules or white powder. The active ingredient is pentanedioic acid imidazolylethanamide. This substance can inhibit the activity of many respiratory viruses, including influenza A and B. The drug helps to reduce the toxic effect of the virus on the body, reduce the number of infected cells and slow down the development of the disease.

It is indicated for the treatment and prevention of SARS in children and adults.

Contraindications : individual intolerance, pregnancy, lactation, lactase deficiency, lactose intolerance.

Cetirizine

This is an antiallergic agent, blocker of h2-histamine receptors. The active ingredient of the same name, cetirizine, prevents the development and alleviates the course of allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis. The drug helps to reduce or eliminate itching, swelling, runny nose and nasal congestion. At the same time, the drug practically does not have a sedative and hypnotic effect.

In addition to seasonal and year-round allergic rhinitis, it is indicated for use in urticaria, hay fever, angioedema, allergic dermatoses ⁵ .

Contraindications : pregnancy, lactation, chronic renal failure, decreased kidney function, children under 6 years of age, hypersensitivity to cetirizine and other components of the drug.

Espa-Bastin

Espa-Bastin is an antiallergic agent, blocker of H1-histamine receptors. The active substance ebastine blocks receptors that play an important role in the development of inflammatory and allergic reactions. The drug is produced in the form of tablets and is prescribed for urticaria and allergic rhinitis of various origins.

Contraindications: severe liver dysfunction, pregnancy and lactation, children under 12 years of age, individual intolerance to the components of the drug.

Desloratadine

Long-acting antiallergic drug with the same active ingredient in the composition. It helps prevent or slow down the development of various types of allergic reactions, including allergic rhinitis and urticaria. The tool helps to reduce itching, inflammation, swelling, rhinorrhea.

Contraindications : phenylketonuria, hypersensitivity to desloratadine, pregnancy and lactation, children under 1 year of age.

How to choose adult cold tablets

Choosing the best cold tablets for adults depends on the expected effects of the drugs. All medicines are aimed at suppressing nasal congestion and eliminating nasal discharge, which can be triggered by infections, allergies, or vascular reactions.

• In viral infections, runny nose is caused by the influence of pathogens on the mucous membrane, the development of acute inflammation with edema and mucus secretion. In this case, preparations with an antiviral, immunostimulating and anti-edematous component ^{6 ​​} are needed. This is necessary to suppress the infection and eliminate symptoms.

• In allergies, a runny nose causes inflammation when the allergen comes into contact with mucous membranes. In this case, tablets are required that suppress the release of histamine and the development of vascular reactions. They help eliminate swelling and copious discharge from the nose, reduce sneezing and itching in the nose.
• For a cold complicated by a bacterial infection (for example, acute and chronic sinusitis), antibacterial components ^{6 ​​} are needed. In this case, the doctor may recommend antibiotic treatment in combination with cold tablets.

Popular questions and answers

How to properly treat a runny nose and other popular questions are answered by physician of the highest category Mikhail Lystsov.

Why can I have a runny nose?

– Runny nose (medical name – rhinorrhea) – a protective reaction of the body to irritation of the nasal mucosa. There can be many reasons: from exposure to cold, dust, chemicals, various allergens, to reactions to pathogens and viruses. The most common cause is a cold or flu and allergens.

Runny nose can also occur with vasomotor rhinitis, with polyps, the presence of a foreign body in the nasal cavity. Therefore, it is important to establish the cause of the common cold before the use of certain drugs. The effectiveness and duration of treatment depends on this.

What to do if you have a runny nose?

– As a rule, in most cases, a runny nose goes away on its own. It is enough to eliminate the irritating factor, periodically rinse the nasal cavity with saline. Perhaps short-term use of vasoconstrictors or antiallergic drugs for seasonal allergies.

If the runny nose does not go away for more than a week, the discharge from the nose acquires a yellow-greenish color, an unpleasant odor, has blood impurities, there is an increased body temperature and general malaise, you should consult a doctor. Also, the reason for contacting the doctor is the lack of effect from the drugs you are used to, for example, with seasonal allergies.

When should I call an ambulance?

– The reason for calling an ambulance with a cold is the appearance of critical conditions against its background: a sharp and significant increase in body temperature, severely difficult breathing, the appearance of nosebleeds, conditions after trauma to the nose and head, severe malaise, fever and other signs of general intoxication of the body. In these cases, do not self-medicate, consult a doctor.

Can I treat myself?

— With mild forms of the common cold (especially if this is your usual body reaction), you can deal with it yourself. It is enough to eliminate the irritating factor, take plenty of fluids, rinse the nasal cavity with saline and humidify the air in the room. In this case, folk remedies and the usual drugs for you will help well.

How long does a runny nose last?

– Mild forms of the common cold, as a rule, disappear without a trace within a maximum of a week and do not require special treatment. With a “normal” state of immunity, you can get rid of it in 3-4 days. If a runny nose bothers you for more than 10 days and is not treatable, this is a reason to see a doctor.

How to narrow the vessels in the nose without pills and drops?

– If there are no vasoconstrictors at hand, or you are against drugs, you can get rid of a mild form of a runny nose with simple manipulations: washing the nasal cavity with 2% warm saline solution, warming the legs in warm water, applying mustard plasters on the feet at night, inhaling essential oils (menthol, eucalyptus). It will help to instill aloe or Kalanchoe juice into the nose and massage the bridge of the nose, nose and frontal sinuses. However, these remedies are good only for a mild form of the common cold and the absence of complications.

Photo: market.yandex.ru, KP

Sources :

1. Approaches to the treatment of acute rhinitis. Kryukov A.I., Kunelskaya N.L., Izotova G.N., Gurov A.V., Yushkina M.A. Medical Council, 2016. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/podhody-k-terapii-ostrogo-rinita
2. The use of second generation antihistamines in the complex therapy of ENT pathology. Kryukov A.I., Kunelskaya N.L., Tsarapkin G.Yu., Izotova G.N., Arzamazov S.G. Medical Council, 2015. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/primenenie-antigistaminnyh-preparatov-ii-pokoleniya-v-kompleksnoy-terapii-lor-patologii/viewer
3. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis. R.A. Abyzov, N.V. Bozhko. https://www.mediasphera.