How can you alleviate IBS symptoms while social distancing. What are the common triggers for irritable bowel syndrome. Which dietary changes can help manage IBS symptoms at home. How does stress impact IBS and what can be done to mitigate its effects.

Understanding Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Causes and Symptoms

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, cramping, and changes in bowel habits. While the exact cause remains unknown, researchers believe it involves a disruption in the gut-brain connection. Despite its discomfort, IBS does not cause permanent damage to the digestive tract.

Common symptoms of IBS include:

• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Constipation
• Bloating
• Feeling of incomplete bowel movements
• Mucus in stool

IBS can also be associated with other conditions such as chronic pelvic pain, fatigue, GERD, anxiety, and depression. The severity and combination of symptoms can vary greatly from person to person.

Identifying IBS Triggers: From Food Sensitivities to Stress

IBS symptoms often fluctuate, with periods of relative calm followed by flare-ups. Several factors can trigger or exacerbate symptoms:

• Gastrointestinal infections
• Imbalances in gut bacteria
• Food sensitivities
• Stress and emotional distress

Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, or depression may be more susceptible to developing IBS. Understanding these triggers is crucial for effective symptom management.

The Stress-IBS Connection: How Uncertainty Affects Your Gut

Stress plays a significant role in IBS symptom exacerbation. During periods of heightened stress, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the body’s natural stress response can become chronically activated. This persistent state of alertness can disrupt digestive processes and intensify IBS symptoms.

Can stress alone cause IBS? While stress doesn’t directly cause IBS, it can significantly worsen symptoms in those who already have the condition. The gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication system between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system, is thought to be the primary mechanism through which stress influences IBS symptoms.

Dietary Strategies for Managing IBS Symptoms at Home

While social distancing measures may limit access to healthcare providers, several dietary modifications can help manage IBS symptoms from home:

1. Increasing Fiber Intake

For those experiencing constipation, gradually increasing fiber intake can provide relief. Soluble fiber, found in foods like oatmeal, beans, and fruits, has shown particular promise in easing IBS symptoms. However, it’s essential to introduce fiber slowly and stay well-hydrated to avoid bloating and gas.

2. Exploring Gluten-Free Options

Some individuals with IBS may find relief by reducing gluten consumption. Gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, can trigger symptoms in sensitive individuals. Consider trying these gluten-free alternatives:

• Oatmeal instead of wheat-based cereals
• Spaghetti squash as a pasta substitute
• Whole, unprocessed foods in place of processed items

3. Limiting Problematic Carbohydrates

Certain carbohydrates can be difficult for the colon to digest, potentially exacerbating IBS symptoms. Foods to consider limiting include:

• Dairy products from cows
• Processed foods with high-fructose corn syrup
• Sweeteners like agave or honey
• Certain fruits (apples, pears, peaches, cherries)
• Wheat and rye grains
• Legumes (chickpeas, lentils, kidney beans, soy)
• Specific vegetables (Brussels sprouts, broccoli, garlic, onion)

Instead, try incorporating these alternatives:

• Lactose-free, rice, or almond milk products
• Bananas, berries, cantaloupe, and citrus fruits
• Cucumber, eggplant, ginger, lettuce, and potatoes

The Low FODMAP Diet: A Targeted Approach to IBS Management

The Low FODMAP diet has gained recognition as an effective strategy for managing IBS symptoms. FODMAP stands for Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols – types of carbohydrates that can be poorly absorbed in the small intestine.

How does the Low FODMAP diet work? This diet involves temporarily eliminating high FODMAP foods and then systematically reintroducing them to identify specific triggers. It’s typically implemented in three phases:

1. Elimination: Strictly avoid all high FODMAP foods for 2-6 weeks
2. Reintroduction: Gradually reintroduce FODMAP groups to identify triggers
3. Personalization: Develop a long-term, personalized diet based on individual tolerance

While the Low FODMAP diet can be highly effective, it’s complex and best undertaken with the guidance of a registered dietitian to ensure nutritional adequacy.

Stress Management Techniques for IBS Symptom Relief

Given the strong connection between stress and IBS symptoms, incorporating stress management techniques into your daily routine can be beneficial:

1. Mindfulness Meditation

Mindfulness meditation involves focusing on the present moment without judgment. Regular practice has been shown to reduce stress and alleviate IBS symptoms. Even short sessions of 5-10 minutes daily can make a difference.

2. Progressive Muscle Relaxation

This technique involves systematically tensing and relaxing different muscle groups, promoting physical and mental relaxation. It can be particularly helpful for reducing abdominal tension associated with IBS.

3. Regular Exercise

Physical activity is a powerful stress reducer and can also improve digestive function. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise most days of the week. Activities like walking, swimming, or yoga can be especially beneficial for IBS sufferers.

4. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT is a type of psychotherapy that can help individuals identify and change thought patterns that contribute to stress and anxiety. While traditionally done in-person, many therapists now offer online CBT sessions, making it accessible during social distancing.

Lifestyle Modifications to Support IBS Management

In addition to dietary changes and stress management, several lifestyle modifications can help manage IBS symptoms:

1. Establish a Regular Eating Schedule

Eating at consistent times each day can help regulate bowel function. Try to have meals and snacks at the same times daily, and avoid skipping meals.

2. Stay Hydrated

Adequate hydration is crucial for digestive health, particularly for those prone to constipation. Aim for at least 8 glasses of water per day, and consider herbal teas as a soothing alternative.

3. Practice Mindful Eating

Eating slowly and mindfully can reduce the risk of overeating and minimize air swallowing, which can contribute to bloating. Take time to chew thoroughly and enjoy your meals without distractions.

4. Keep a Symptom Journal

Tracking your symptoms, along with food intake and stress levels, can help identify patterns and triggers. Use a notebook or smartphone app to record this information daily.

Natural Remedies and Supplements for IBS Relief

While scientific evidence varies, some individuals find relief from IBS symptoms through natural remedies and supplements:

1. Peppermint Oil

Peppermint oil has antispasmodic properties and may help reduce abdominal pain and bloating. Enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules are available over-the-counter.

2. Probiotics

Certain probiotic strains may help balance gut bacteria and alleviate IBS symptoms. Look for products containing Bifidobacterium or Lactobacillus species.

3. Ginger

Ginger has anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce bloating and gas. Try incorporating fresh ginger into your diet or drinking ginger tea.

4. L-Glutamine

This amino acid supports gut health and may help reduce intestinal permeability. Some studies suggest it could be beneficial for diarrhea-predominant IBS.

It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, as some may interact with medications or have side effects.

When to Seek Medical Attention for IBS Symptoms

While many IBS symptoms can be managed at home, certain situations warrant medical attention:

• Severe or persistent abdominal pain
• Unexplained weight loss
• Blood in stool
• Fever accompanying digestive symptoms
• Symptoms that significantly impact daily life

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare providers offer telemedicine consultations, allowing you to discuss your symptoms and receive guidance without leaving home.

Managing IBS symptoms during social distancing may require some trial and error, but with patience and persistence, most individuals can find strategies that provide relief. Remember that IBS is a chronic condition, and symptom management is an ongoing process. By combining dietary modifications, stress management techniques, and lifestyle changes, you can work towards better control of your IBS symptoms and improved quality of life.

How to Manage IBS Symptoms During Social Distancing

During the uncertainty of the COVID-19 outbreak, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation may be more bothersome than normal.

Understanding the link between food triggers, stress and your symptoms may be the key to managing symptoms from home. Here are answers to some frequently asked questions about IBS, and what you can do until you can see your doctor.

Jump to:

• What is irritable bowel syndrome and what causes it?
• Are there other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome besides abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation?
• Are there certain triggers or behaviors that lead to IBS symptoms?
• How do stressful events lead to irritable bowel syndrome symptoms?
• What can you do to manage IBS symptoms while you’re social distancing?
• Are there other changes you can make to manage IBS symptoms at home?

What is irritable bowel syndrome and what causes it?

Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS for short, is a condition that causes you to have cramping and pain in your abdomen with diarrhea or constipation. It’s not yet known what causes IBS, but research suggests it has something to do with the connection between your gut and your brain.

While IBS may be uncomfortable and even painful at times, there is no evidence that it causes long-term damage to your digestive tract.

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Are there other symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome besides abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation?

Yes. Everyone experiences IBS differently, and there are different types of IBS. Although most people complain of abdominal pain, diarrhea and/or constipation, you may have some of the more unusual symptoms too. These include:

• Lower stomach bloating
• Feeling that you haven’t finished a bowel movement
• White-colored mucus in your stool

You may also experience other conditions along with irritable bowel syndrome, including:

• Chronic pelvic pain
• Fatigue
• GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
• Anxiety and/or depression

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Are there certain triggers or behaviors that lead to IBS symptoms?

Symptoms of IBS can come and go, and may be associated with certain triggers, such as:

• Bacterial infections in your digestive tract
• Change in the balance of bacteria in your small intestine
• Sensitivity to certain foods
• Experiencing stressful events

Irritable bowel syndrome can also be more common in people who have post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and/or depression.

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How do stressful events lead to irritable bowel syndrome symptoms?

What you feel as “stress” is your body’s response to what it perceives as a threat. When you detect a threat — such as a car driving on the wrong side of the road — your stress response allows you to act quickly. When the stress passes, your body calms down and the stress response passes.

But when you experience chronic stress — such as you may feel during the uncertainty of the COVID-19 outbreak — your body doesn’t have a chance to calm down. As a result, you remain in a constant state of fight, flight or freeze. This is when the physical symptoms of IBS can occur and become a problem.

Here are some tips to manage stress and anxiety while social distancing >

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What can you do to manage IBS symptoms while you’re social distancing?

By decreasing possible food triggers, symptoms of IBS may be managed at home until you can get in to see your doctor. This may take some experimentation, as you make small changes in your diet.

Try the following:

1. Increase fiber

If you’re constipated, try to incorporate more fiber into your daily diet. Studies suggest soluble fiber — found in foods like oatmeal, beans and fruit — may help ease symptoms of IBS. Be sure to add foods in slowly and drink plenty of fluids. Too much fiber at once can also cause bloating and gas.

2. Cut back on gluten

Gluten is a protein found in certain grains and is most associated with celiac disease. It’s in many cereals, pastas and processed foods. Try gluten-free options or these satisfying replacements:

• Oatmeal instead of cereal
• Spaghetti squash, not pasta
• Whole foods instead of processed foods

3. Go easy on certain carbs

Certain types of carbohydrates are not easily digested in the colon. These include the following foods:

• Milk products made from cows, including yogurt, ice cream and cheese
• Processed foods containing high-fructose corn syrup
• Sweeteners containing agave or honey
• Fruits such as apples, pears, peaches and cherries
• Wheat and rye grains
• Chickpeas, lentils, kidney beans and soy
• Vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, broccoli, garlic and onion

Try these replacements:

• Products made from lactose-free milk, rice milk or almond milk
• Bananas, berries, cantaloupe and citrus fruits
• Cucumbers, eggplant, ginger, lettuce, potatoes and spring onions
• Protein such as beef, chicken, fish and eggs
• Nuts and seeds
• Grains made from oats, rice bran and quinoa

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Are there other changes you can make to manage IBS symptoms at home?

It may be helpful to keep a log of both your food and your activities to see if certain behaviors seem to trigger symptoms. If so, make note and have this information available when you can get in to see your doctor.

Treatment of IBS involves a number of different approaches under the guidance of your doctor and other professionals such as a nutritionist or dietitian, psychologist or sleep specialist. These treatments may include:

• Medication
• Diet modification
• Probiotic support
• Sleep hygiene
• Mental health management

You may get a jump-start now by gathering as much information as you can about your IBS symptoms.

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4 Types of Exercises to Keep You Healthy While Social Distancing

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4 Types of Exercises to Keep You Healthy

Posted
April 8, 2020 by
Elizabeth Renza-Stingone, MD, FACS

Whether you work out at your gym, walk the trails at your local park or attend physical therapy as part of a medical therapy program, you know daily exercise is an essential component of staying healthy.

Now more than ever, while you’re practicing social distancing (also known as physical distancing), it’s important to maintain some type of exercise routine even if it’s right at home.

Any amount of physical activity has benefits, and the key is to focus on the types of exercises you’re doing. Take advantage of at least one exercise in each category below. Go for the “big 4”:

Endurance Exercises: Support Your Heart and Lungs

Endurance exercise expands your breathing and increases your heart rate, and any activity that increases your heart rate counts.

This includes:

• Walking or jogging — During this time of social distancing you can still go outside and walk. If you would rather stay indoors and don’t have a treadmill, try walking or jogging in place while you binge your latest series on Netflix.
• Yard work or gardening — If you have a yard, now’s the time to get it ready for summer.
• High knees and jumping jacks — Yep, those old phys ed standbys still work! Start slowly and work your way up. Nothing gets your heart rate up quicker than jumping jacks. You can even encourage your kids to join in.

Low-Impact Endurance Option

For those recovering from surgery or who may have physical limitations, ask your doctor for a list of exercises you can do. Ideas include chair arm raises and chair leg raises. Any amount counts!

Strength Training: Maintain Your Muscles

Strength training helps build and maintain muscles. The National Institutes of Health recommends 1 hour of strength training per week. If it’s easier, you can break that up into 10 minutes per day.

If you’ve already established a regular exercise routine, try push-ups, planks, squats, lunges, crunches and sit-ups. Be sure to use proper form and protect your back and neck.

Low-Impact Strength Options

Wall push-ups or arm raises are low-impact options that may be good alternatives for seniors or those with limited mobility.

To do wall push-ups, stand close to a wall and place both hands on the wall in front of you. Take a breath and bend your elbows to bring your body close to the wall. Take another breath, then push your body back to standing.

Arm raises may be done sitting on a chair or standing with both feet firmly on the ground. Using one soup can or small water bottle in each hand, raise them over your head slowly, then bring them down. You can also do arm raises without weights. Look for videos on YouTube to ensure proper form, or ask your doctor or physical therapist for instructions.

Balance Exercises: Maintain Your Stability

Balance exercises help you maintain your stability. Yoga and tai chi incorporate the concept of balance into every move. Here are just a few basics to help you get started:

• Single leg balance — Try lifting one foot off the floor, and stand to the count of 5 or 10. If you need help, use a chair or wall for stability.
• Stand Like a Mountain — Put both feet flat on the floor, hands at your side, posture upright. Focus on the pose and stand solid while breathing deeply for 10 breaths.
• Standing Marches — Stand in place and march slowly, using a chair or the wall for stability if needed.

Low-Impact Balance Option

Sit on a chair and slowly lift your right leg and your right arm at the same time. Bring them down slowly together, then do the same on your left side.

Flexibility Exercises: Move More Freely

Flexibility exercises help you move more freely. These include stretching and lengthening moves. Make sure not to push yourself too hard when stretching, and let off if you feel any pain. Options include:

• Ankle and Wrist Rolls — These can be done while you’re watching TV or lying in bed.
• Neck Stretch — Nod your head slowly, like you’re saying no. Alternately, move your head up and down slowly, as if you’re saying yes.
• Touch Your Toes — This can be done either sitting on the floor with your legs stretched in front of you or standing up.

Low-Impact Flexibility Option

Stretching and lengthening exercises can all be done while sitting on a chair.

If You Can’t Do It All, Just Move More

No matter what, any amount of physical activity has its advantages, so just plan to move as much as you can. Exercise helps improve bone and heart health. It also decreases the risk of developing cancer and dementia, keeping you as healthy as possible.

Here are 5 ways to get your steps in while social distancing >

Remember to always check with your doctor before starting a new exercise, especially if you have physical limitations or recently had surgery.

Social distancing is difficult for all of us. Think creatively, and get as much movement into your life as you can!

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Constipation and bloating – causes, treatment, diet

Frequent constipation and bloating: how to deal with the problem?
Constipation and bloating – causes, treatment, diet | Fitomucil Norm
Constipation and bloating is a common occurrence that occurs for many reasons. About what to do if symptoms such as bloating in the lower abdomen and gas formation with constipation appear in the article. Phytomucil Norm
Phytomucil Norm

Increased gas formation, bloating, the impossibility of self-emptying of the intestines are the consequences of disruption of the gastrointestinal tract. Many people face similar problems from time to time. An abundance of flour products in the diet, junk food, and overeating can provoke flatulence and constipation. If after a few days digestion and stools return to normal, then there is no reason to worry. But when difficulties with bowel movements occur regularly, special measures must be taken to restore the stable functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Causes

Constipation and bloating can be associated with eating disorders. The intake of mechanically sparing, high-calorie food, lack of fiber, the use of products with an astringent and fixing effect is the main cause of unpleasant symptoms of intestinal dysfunction.

The list of such products includes strong tea, coffee, cottage cheese, boiled rice, pears, pomegranate, pomegranate juice, quince, flour, chocolate.

There are also less common groups of causes of stool retention, combined with bloating:

• lifestyle features: lack of movement, forced bed rest, sedentary work;
• endocrine and metabolic disorders;
• neurological factors;
• psychogenic causes;
• gastroenterological diseases;
• proctological diseases.

Shulpekova and Ivashkin in their work indicate that “among the causes of chronic constipation in the age group under 20 years old, the anatomical features of the large intestine dominate; at the age of 20-40 years – pathology of the anorectal zone; after 40 years – psychogenic, neurogenic, endocrine, gastroenterological causes of constipation and causes associated with the pathology of the anorectal zone are equally common ”(Shulpekova Yu. O., Ivashkin V. T., 2004, p. 49).

Among the endocrinological diseases accompanied by constipation, the most frequent are hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Lack of thyroid hormones, hypercalcemia reduce the tone of the intestinal muscles. The result is atonic constipation.

Today, the mechanisms of development of functional constipation and bloating in irritable bowel syndrome are being actively studied. They also consist in violations of the peristaltic activity of the intestinal walls. In this case, we are talking about spastic constipation, in which feces and gases linger in a certain spasmodic area.

Soreness during bowel movements associated with thrombosis of hemorrhoids or anal fissure becomes an additional factor in the development of stool retention.

Also, the cause of bloating and delayed bowel movements can be drugs, among the side effects of which these symptoms appear.

Symptoms

Symptoms of bloating and constipation are quite characteristic. Constipation is said to occur when at least two of the following have been observed within the past 12 weeks:

• two bowel movements per week or less;
• the need for straining when it takes more than 1/3 of the time of the bowel movement;
• hard consistency of feces;
• feeling of blockage, foreign body in the rectum, incomplete emptying.

Bloating is manifested by a characteristic picture: the abdomen noticeably increases in volume. Often it is accompanied by paroxysmal or persistent pain, a feeling of fullness, pressure. The localization of pain is determined by the part of the intestine where gases have accumulated.

Constipation is often accompanied by headaches, dizziness, nausea, decreased appetite, and increased fatigue. This is caused by general intoxication of the body due to the retention of feces.

Some symptoms of disorders may be associated with self-medication. Many people seek to get rid of unpleasant symptoms – they take painkillers and antispasmodics to eliminate pain. Antispasmodics in large quantities help to relax the muscles, and with intestinal atony, this can exacerbate the problem. If the cause of constipation and bloating is not exactly known, it is better to refuse self-medication.

Uncontrolled intake of stimulant laxatives, frequent cleansing enemas can cause complications in the form of dependence. In this case, the symptom may be the absence of one’s own stool, manifestations of dysbacteriosis and other disorders.

Prolonged constipation becomes a source of chronic intoxication. Against its background, dermatological, allergic diseases, weakening of protective forces, and chronic pathologies can worsen. People with constipation may experience skin rashes, an unhealthy, gray complexion, and weight loss due to lack of appetite.

Danger and complications

The danger of chronic constipation lies in the constant intoxication of the body. An increased load on the organs of the excretory system leads to the fact that a person, faced with an infection or injury, cannot resist it to a normal extent. The weakening of the protective forces can lead to the incidence of SARS and other common infections.

Dense and dry feces injure the mucous membranes of the rectum, and with constant straining, intra-abdominal pressure increases. This can cause the appearance or exacerbation of diseases of the anorectal region: hemorrhoids, anal fissures, cryptitis, proctitis, paraproctitis, etc.

Overstretching of the intestinal walls with gases and dense fecal masses during their stagnation can lead to inflammatory and structural changes, including diverticulosis. It is known that toxic substances from feces are absorbed back into the bloodstream. They contain carcinogenic compounds, so constipation is a significant risk factor for colorectal cancer.

In the absence of regular stools, the risk of atherosclerosis increases, which means heart attacks and strokes.

Power supply

With frequent constipation and bloating, experts recommend a diet high in fiber. Dietary fiber increases intestinal peristalsis, which contributes to the promotion of feces. The following foods should be included in your daily diet:

• fresh fruits – apricots, plums, peaches, figs;
• vegetables – eggplant, artichokes, fennel;
• cereals – buckwheat, barley, wheat;
• dried fruits – prunes, dried apricots, raisins;
• wheat and rye bran;
• flax seeds, sesame, poppy.

The menu is also recommended to include fermented milk products – kefir, yogurt, fermented baked milk, yogurt. They contain bifido- and lactobacilli that restore microbial balance.

The therapeutic effect of a diet high in dietary fiber has been proven. This component increases the volume of feces, softens them, gently stimulates intestinal peristalsis. It is important to combine such a diet with a sufficient amount of liquid.

The diet for constipation includes avoiding or severely limiting foods that fix the stool and can stimulate increased gas formation. These include the following:

• cottage cheese;
• strong black tea;
• rice, crackers;
• legumes, soda;
• cabbage, fresh bread;
• pomegranates, pomegranate juice.

The diet may include cereals, dried fruits, seaweed, stone berries, crumbly cereals, bananas, vegetable oils.

In rare cases, the diet provides for limiting the intake of dietary fiber. So, with constipation with delayed transit, fiber can cause increased bloating and the formation of fecal blockages.

Shulpekova emphasizes that “a fiber-rich diet and bulking agents are also not recommended for painful pathological processes in the rectal area and with constipation, paradoxical leakage or fecal incontinence. Under these conditions, the content of dietary fiber in the diet of these patients should, on the contrary, be somewhat reduced (“low-slag diet”)” (Shulpekova, 2006, p. 90).

That is why we emphasize the importance of diagnosis – it is important to find out the causes of violations in order to choose the right diet.

Treatment of constipation and bloating

Treatment methods for constipation and bloating can be divided into two groups:

• medicinal;
• non-drug.

Medications are represented by the following approaches:

• symptomatic treatment: carminative, non-stimulant laxatives;
• agents that enhance intestinal motility by stimulating the nerve endings of the intestinal mucosa – stimulant laxatives;
• prokinetics;
• stool softeners.

Non-stimulant laxatives are osmotic, bulking agents. Osmotic agents may be recommended, including for elderly patients. Lactulose preparations belong to this category, but are prescribed with caution when constipation and bloating are combined: high doses can cause sudden gas formation and deterioration.

It is important to understand that the constant use of osmotic agents is recommended only for certain categories of people. These include cancer patients who regularly receive high doses of narcotic analgesics or undergo chemotherapy.

Salt osmotic preparations cause side effects in the form of dyspeptic disorders, as well as disruptions in water and electrolyte metabolism. Therefore, they are used occasionally and according to indications, most often in preparation for colonoscopy or other studies, operations.

Bulk laxatives are a group of products that contain natural or synthetic dietary fiber and are called bulking agents. Such fibers have the ability to absorb water, which allows you to increase the volume of feces, while changing their consistency.

Under the influence of beneficial intestinal bacteria, osmotically active substances are formed from fibers that attract water into the intestinal lumen. The restriction to the use of dietary fiber is only for acute surgical pathologies, suspected intestinal obstruction, and a sudden violation of the movement of feces.

Stimulant laxatives irritate the nervous apparatus of the intestine, increase the absorption of water and electrolytes into the intestinal lumen, act as prokinetics. These include:

• preparations of senna;
• dephenylmethane compounds;
• castor oil.

Long-term use of drugs from the group of anthraglycosides, which include drugs based on senna and buckthorn, can lead to the accumulation of active substances in the intestinal mucosa and nerve tissues.

As a result, degeneration of the mucosa, smooth muscles and nerve plexuses develops. This is how a “lazy intestine” is formed – there is atony, severe inhibition of intestinal motility. Constant and long-term use of stimulant medications can also cause inflammatory complications.

Means that soften hard feces are presented in the form of vegetable and mineral oils, as well as glycerin. They are designed to stimulate the urge to empty the intestines, mechanically soften the passage of feces. Used orally or topically, rectally. They can be prescribed for fecal blockages, functional obstruction of the exit.

It is undesirable to use such drugs constantly, because “they can disrupt the absorption of vitamins and cause disturbances in the water and electrolyte balance” (Osipenko M. F., Shrainer E.V., 2014, p. 2230).

Prokinetics stimulate colonic peristalsis. With constipation with delayed transit, they are quite effective, but they cannot be used everywhere: they can cause complications and side effects. Bloating and constipation can also be treated with choleretic agents and bile acid preparations, the latter stimulate peristalsis.

Cleansing enemas can only be used occasionally, as they irritate the mucous membranes and can cause dysbacteriosis.

Non-drug methods of treatment include a diet, and there are two fundamentally different approaches to compiling a diet:

• high fiber diet and/or supplemental fiber, bulking agents;
• low-slag diet that restricts fiber intake.

Above, we talked about the indications and contraindications for the use of dietary fiber. The vast majority of cases of constipation and bloating can be corrected with dietary changes. But it’s important to check with your doctor so you don’t miss rare restrictions.

A non-drug method of dealing with constipation and bloating is exercise therapy. Increasing the volume of movement, light exercise, walking can help to cope with stool retention and improve the functioning of the digestive system.

Taking a natural laxative

If the diet does not help normalize bowel movements, you should buy an effective remedy for constipation at the pharmacy. Doctors do not recommend choosing drugs with hay in the composition, since such drugs act aggressively and often cause side effects. Therefore, before buying, carefully study the information on the package.

A good effect is given by psyllium – the shell of psyllium seeds. This component retains water in the intestines, thereby increasing the volume of its contents. Psyllium, together with the pulp of the fruit of the plum home – sources of soluble dietary fiber – is part of the English drug “Fitomucil Norm”. Biocomplex contains 4 times more soluble fiber than bran.

Soluble fibers, swelling in the intestines and turning into a gel, soften the feces, which contributes to their easy excretion. And insoluble fibers mechanically stimulate the intestinal walls to eliminate waste.

“Fitomucil Norm” gently restores regular stool without such unpleasant symptoms as pain, spasms and bloating, and creates conditions for the growth of beneficial microflora. Unlike stimulant laxatives, the drug can be used for a long time, as it is not addictive and has no side effects.

You can buy the drug in pharmacies. Instructions for admission are presented on the website and in the package.

Prophylaxis

Stomach pain, constipation and bloating can be prevented with a balanced diet. A balanced diet, refusal of heavy food are the basis for the prevention of all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore a condition for normal bowel movement.

Given the variety of possible causes of such disorders, we can conclude that the key to the absence of constipation is attention to general health.

So, in the presence of endocrine diseases, you should be regularly observed by a therapist and an endocrinologist. Doctors Shulpekova and Ivashkin emphasize that “the timing of the onset of constipation in patients with diabetes mellitus depends on the severity of the course of the disease” (Shulpekova O. Yu., Ivashkin V. T., 2004, p. 49). Therefore, it is important to control chronic diseases and correct developing disorders.

In chronic gastroenterological diseases, it is also necessary to visit a doctor regularly.

Stool retention in combination with increased gas formation occurs as a result of the use of certain drugs. These symptoms are side effects of certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antidepressants, medicines for regulating the functioning of blood vessels and the heart, hormonal medicines, iron preparations, etc.

At the same time, prevention consists solely in the selection of a suitable drug by a doctor; you should not cancel the funds yourself. Visit your doctor again with the development of unwanted side effects, he will definitely select an alternative course of therapy or change the dosage.

If this is not possible, symptomatic drugs will come to the rescue – mild laxatives that can be used for a long time without the risk of developing addiction and complications.

In the absence of serious restrictions, movement is an excellent method of prevention: it is important to prevent stagnation, engage in physical education, and take breaks during the sedentary nature of work.

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Physical exercise

Some exercises can improve intestinal motility:

1. Lie on your back, put your hands on your stomach, take a deep breath, sticking out your stomach. As you exhale, pull it in and lightly press with your hands, another version of the exercise is to gently massage in a clockwise direction.
2. Standing body position, while inhaling, move your hands behind your head, stretch, pulling in your stomach. As you exhale, lower your arms, stretch them along the body.

Lying on your back, exhale and bend your left leg at the knee, pulling it to your stomach, lower it while inhaling. Repeat the same exercise for the right leg. You can complicate this exercise by performing foot movements – “bicycle”.

To improve bowel function, make it a habit to take a few minutes a day to walk in place. Lifting straight legs forward and upward, as well as walking with rolling from heel to toe, will be useful.

When choosing a sport, it is better to be guided by the general state of health. Swimming has the least contraindications, it is allowed even with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and helps to effectively deal with constipation.

It is important to consult your doctor about the treatment of constipation and bloating. There may be certain limitations, and only a specialist will tell you how to deal with the problem.

The article is for informational purposes only. The authors are not responsible for the quality of services provided by third parties and for possible complications.

References

• Osipenko M.F., Shrainer E.V. The ever-relevant problem of constipation // RMJ “Medical Review”. – 2014. – No. 31. — S. 2230.
• Shulpekova Yu. O. Algorithm for the treatment of constipation of various origins // Regular issues of breast cancer. – 2007. – No. 15. — S. 1165.
• Shulpekova Yu. O. Constipation and methods of its treatment // Breast cancer appendix “Diseases of the digestive system”. – 2006. – No. 2. — S. 90.
• Shulpekova Yu. O., Ivashkin V. T. Pathogenesis of constipation treatment // BC appendix “Diseases of the digestive system”. – 2004. – No. 1. – p. 49.

Osipenko M. F., Shrainer E. V. The ever-relevant problem of constipation // RMJ “Medical Review”. – 2014. – No. 31. — P. 2230.
Shulpekova Yu. O. Algorithm for the treatment of constipation of various origins // Regular issues of breast cancer. – 2007. – No. 15. — P. 1165.
Shulpekova Yu. O. Constipation and methods of its treatment // Appendix breast cancer “Diseases of the digestive system”. – 2006. – No. 2. — P. 90.
Shulpekova Yu. O., Ivashkin VT Pathogenesis of constipation treatment // BC appendix “Diseases of the digestive system”. – 2004. – No. 1. – p. 49.

Irritable bowel syndrome | Ida-Tallinna Keskaigla

The purpose of this information sheet is to provide an overview of what Irritable Bowel Syndrome is and how to deal with it.

The essence of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is the most common painful bowel condition that can occur in every age group, both in women and men. It is not uncommon for irritable bowel syndrome to begin in young adulthood. As a rule, irritable bowel syndrome has a chronic course. This disease does not cause abnormalities determined by research and analysis. This is a functional disorder of the large intestine. Previously, this disease was also called “spastic bowel” or “nervous diarrhea”.

Why does irritable bowel syndrome occur?

The causes of irritable bowel syndrome are not very clear, but it is believed that stress, anxiety, past intestinal infection, food allergies and/or intolerances may be involved. It is possible that the intestines of a person with this disease are hypersensitive to a certain stimulus, which is difficult to prove in everyday life. Symptoms of irritable bowel often occur in the case of irregular meals, when eating food poor in fiber and with long-term use of laxatives. Studies have shown that general physical and mental health problems are important contributors to irritable bowel syndrome.

The digestive tract is a system of tubular organs that are connected in series, forming the so-called. a “long tube” that starts in the mouth and ends in the anus. Through the organs of the digestive tract, the body receives the nutrients necessary for life, minerals, vitamins, water, etc. In the gastrointestinal tract, food, under the influence of digestive secrets, is broken down into building materials and “fuel” suitable for use by the body. Digested foods, vitamins and minerals are absorbed in the small intestine. Fluid absorption occurs mainly in the large intestine. The contents of the intestine move smoothly through the intestines. With irritable bowel syndrome, the movement occurs chaotically, which causes malaise. Contraction and relaxation in different parts of the intestine occur unevenly. This can lead to spasms. If the frequency of spasms increases, then diarrhea occurs. If spasms become more rare or irregular, then constipation occurs.

Signs of irritable bowel syndrome

The main symptom of IBS is pain in the lower abdomen, which is accompanied by altered bowel activity.

Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome:

• Pain in the lower abdomen or discomfort in the abdomen, mostly spasmodic and variable. Some people find that emotional stress and nutrition cause or increase pain. A bowel movement often relieves the pain. In women, there may be a connection with the menstrual cycle.
• Altered bowel activity. Changes in bowel activity are the second major symptom of irritable bowel syndrome. The problem can be both diarrhea and constipation, or the intermittent nature of intestinal activity.

• • With diarrhea, bowel movements usually occur during the daytime, and also mainly in the morning or after meals. The chair is liquid and speeded up. A bowel movement is often preceded by a feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen, as well as an urgent need to go to the toilet. After a bowel movement, there may be a feeling of incomplete emptying of the intestine. About half of patients notice mucus in the stool. Diarrhea during sleep in the case of irritable bowel syndrome is very unusual.
  • Constipation in irritable bowel syndrome may be constant or intermittent and last for days. The stool is often hard and like sheep’s feces.
  • Other symptoms: gas pain, bloating.

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome have no danger symptoms, such as weight loss, fever, nocturnal diarrhea, and anemic bleeding from the rectum. If irritable bowel syndrome was previously diagnosed, but the symptoms of the disease have changed significantly, you should contact your family doctor.

Diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome

Typically, a patient turns to a doctor when the ailment begins to significantly affect his quality of life. Since there is no one universal test for diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome, certain diagnostic criteria apply. Often this disease cannot be diagnosed based on symptoms alone. If irritable bowel syndrome is suspected, other bowel diseases (tumors, inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal infection, etc.) should be excluded. Therefore, during the interview of the patient, the course of the disease is clarified, and then an individual decision is made on the need for additional studies.

Possible tests:

• Blood tests (including tests for lactose tolerance, celiac disease, and thyroid function).
• Fecal tests.
• Colonoscopy (examination of the large intestine with an endoscope) or barium enema (contrast X-ray examination of the large intestine).
• Ultrasound.
• Computed tomography.

Irritable bowel syndrome does not cause abnormalities in the results of studies and analyses.

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome is individual. The treatment is based on the main complaints of the patient: abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation.

Nutrition plays an important role in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. First of all, reduced meals are recommended regularly and without haste, as well as food with a reduced fat content. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, as well as sugary, carbonated and artificially sweetened drinks. It is necessary to limit the use of chewing gum and gas-forming products. Gas is primarily caused by legumes (such as beans) and cruciferous vegetables (such as cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and broccoli). Other hard-to-digest foods include onions, celery, carrots, raisins, bananas, apricots, plums, rye, and wheat. It is recommended to try the so-called. “eliminating diet”, ie. abstain from or completely avoid foods that cause symptoms. It is often helpful to keep a food diary. A patient with constipation is suitable for food rich in fiber, which increases the volume of feces and accelerates their transit time in the intestines. Liquids are recommended to consume 1.5-2 liters per day. The scientific literature does not provide conclusive evidence for the effect of herbal medicines in irritable bowel syndrome, but it is believed that some spices and spices can still relieve cramps and bloating (for example, chamomile and mint teas, cloves, dill, etc.). In addition, there is no clear evidence of whether probiotics have any positive effect on irritable bowel symptoms.

In addition to dietary advice, your doctor may also prescribe medications that relieve the symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome (laxatives or tonics, drugs that inhibit bowel movements, antidepressants). The latter of them help to increase the pain threshold and slow down the activity of the intestine.

Some patients benefit from psychological support (eg behavioral therapy, hypnosis, participation in support groups, etc.).

Course and prognosis of irritable bowel syndrome

Despite the fact that irritable bowel syndrome can cause significant discomfort and emotional stress, most patients do not experience long-term and serious health problems. First of all, it is important to adapt to your disease, learn to control its symptoms and know that it is not life-threatening. This will exclude repeated and uninformative additional studies.

If symptoms change over time, additional testing may be required. In most patients, the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome do not change over time – there is no addition of new symptoms and aggravation of existing symptoms.