What are the main symptoms of a bleeding ulcer. How are bleeding ulcers diagnosed and treated. What are the risk factors for developing a bleeding ulcer. How can you prevent bleeding ulcers from occurring.

Understanding Peptic Ulcers: Types and Locations

Peptic ulcers are open sores that develop in the lining of the digestive tract. These ulcers can occur in different parts of the digestive system, primarily affecting the stomach and small intestine. The two main types of peptic ulcers are:

• Gastric ulcers: Located inside the stomach
• Duodenal ulcers: Found in the upper part of the small intestine (duodenum)

While some individuals may be unaware of having an ulcer, others experience various symptoms that can significantly impact their quality of life. In severe cases, ulcers can lead to serious complications such as perforation of the gut or heavy bleeding (hemorrhage).

Recognizing the Signs: Common Symptoms of Ulcers

It’s important to note that not all ulcers cause noticeable symptoms. In fact, only about 25% of people with ulcers experience symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include:

• Abdominal pain
• Bloating or feeling of fullness
• Belching
• Heartburn
• Nausea
• Vomiting

The severity and nature of these symptoms can vary from person to person. For some individuals, eating a meal may alleviate the pain, while for others, it might exacerbate the discomfort.

Identifying Slow-Bleeding Ulcers: Signs of Anemia

In cases where an ulcer is bleeding slowly, the first signs may be symptoms of anemia. These can include:

• Pale skin color
• Shortness of breath during physical activity
• Lack of energy
• Fatigue
• Lightheadedness

Recognizing Heavy Bleeding: Urgent Symptoms

When an ulcer is bleeding heavily, more severe symptoms may appear, such as:

• Black and sticky stool (melena)
• Dark red or maroon-colored blood in the stool
• Bloody vomit with the consistency of coffee grounds

It’s crucial to understand that rapid bleeding from an ulcer is a life-threatening emergency. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

Unveiling the Causes: What Leads to Bleeding Ulcers?

The development of ulcers is primarily due to an imbalance between stomach acid and the protective mucus layer in the digestive tract. When there’s excessive acid or insufficient mucus, the acid can erode the surface of the stomach or small intestine, resulting in an open sore that may bleed.

While the exact cause of ulcers isn’t always identifiable, two main factors are commonly associated with their development:

1. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Infection

H. pylori is a bacterium that resides in the mucus layer of the digestive tract. It can cause inflammation in the stomach lining, potentially leading to ulcer formation. The risk of developing an ulcer may be higher if you’re infected with H. pylori and also smoke.

2. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

NSAIDs can compromise the stomach and small intestine’s ability to protect themselves from stomach acids. These medications also reduce blood clotting capabilities, making bleeding ulcers more dangerous. Common NSAIDs include:

• Aspirin (Bayer Aspirin, Bufferin)
• Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• Ketorolac (Acular, Acuvail)
• Naproxen (Aleve)
• Oxaprozin (Daypro)

It’s worth noting that acetaminophen (Tylenol) is not classified as an NSAID.

Risk Factors: Who is More Susceptible to Bleeding Ulcers?

Several factors can increase the risk of developing ulcers, particularly those caused by NSAIDs. These risk factors include:

• Taking higher than normal doses of NSAIDs
• Using NSAIDs too frequently
• Consuming alcohol
• Being elderly
• Using corticosteroids
• Having a history of ulcers

Additionally, certain medical conditions can contribute to ulcer formation:

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

This rare condition causes tumors (gastrinomas) in the acid-producing cells of the stomach, leading to increased acid production and potentially ulcers.

Cameron’s Ulcer

Another rare type of ulcer, Cameron’s ulcer occurs in individuals with large hiatal hernias and can often cause gastrointestinal bleeding.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Addressing Bleeding Ulcers

If you experience ulcer symptoms, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent excessive bleeding and other complications.

Diagnostic Procedures

Ulcers are typically diagnosed through an upper GI endoscopy, also known as an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). This procedure involves inserting a long flexible tube with a light and camera (endoscope) into the throat, esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine.

During the endoscopy, the doctor can:

• Locate and identify problems in the stomach and upper intestine
• Take tissue samples for further testing
• Perform immediate treatment if bleeding is detected

Treatment Options for Bleeding Ulcers

Treatment for bleeding ulcers can begin during the initial endoscopy. If bleeding is detected, the doctor may:

• Inject medication directly into the ulcer
• Cauterize the ulcer to stop the bleeding
• Clamp off the bleeding vessel

Additional treatment steps may include:

Testing for H. pylori

If an ulcer is present, you’ll be tested for H. pylori infection. This can be done using a tissue sample from the endoscopy or through non-invasive methods such as a stool sample or breath test.

Antibiotic Treatment

If H. pylori infection is confirmed, a course of antibiotics and other medications will be prescribed to fight the bacteria and alleviate symptoms. It’s crucial to complete the entire course of medication as directed, even if symptoms subside.

Acid-Blocking Medications

Ulcers are typically treated with acid-blocking drugs, including:

• Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
• H2 blockers

These medications can be taken orally or, in the case of bleeding ulcers, administered intravenously.

Prevention Strategies: Reducing the Risk of Bleeding Ulcers

While not all ulcers can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes and precautions can help reduce the risk of developing bleeding ulcers:

• Limit NSAID use: If you regularly take NSAIDs, consult your doctor about alternative pain management options or protective measures.
• Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently to reduce the risk of H. pylori infection.
• Quit smoking: Smoking can increase the risk of ulcers and slow the healing process.
• Moderate alcohol consumption: Excessive alcohol intake can irritate and erode the mucus lining of the stomach.
• Manage stress: While stress doesn’t cause ulcers, it can exacerbate symptoms. Practice stress-reduction techniques like meditation or yoga.
• Eat a balanced diet: Consume a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to support overall digestive health.

Long-Term Management: Living with Ulcers

For individuals diagnosed with ulcers, long-term management is crucial to prevent recurrence and complications. This may involve:

• Regular follow-up appointments with a gastroenterologist
• Adhering to prescribed medication regimens
• Avoiding trigger foods that exacerbate symptoms
• Monitoring for signs of bleeding or other complications
• Making lifestyle modifications to support digestive health

By working closely with healthcare providers and adopting preventive measures, many people with a history of ulcers can effectively manage their condition and reduce the risk of future bleeding episodes.

Debunking Ulcer Myths: Separating Fact from Fiction

Over the years, various myths about ulcers have circulated. It’s important to distinguish between fact and fiction to ensure proper understanding and management of the condition:

Myth: Stress Causes Ulcers

While stress can exacerbate ulcer symptoms, it is not a direct cause of ulcers. The primary culprits are H. pylori infection and NSAID use.

Myth: Spicy Foods Cause Ulcers

Spicy foods do not cause ulcers, but they may irritate existing ones. Some individuals with ulcers may need to avoid certain spicy or acidic foods that trigger discomfort.

Myth: Milk Heals Ulcers

Contrary to popular belief, milk does not heal ulcers. While it may provide temporary relief by coating the stomach lining, it can actually stimulate acid production, potentially worsening the condition in the long run.

Myth: Ulcers Only Affect Adults

Although ulcers are more common in adults, they can occur at any age, including in children and teenagers.

Myth: Ulcers Always Cause Pain

As mentioned earlier, not all ulcers cause symptoms. Some individuals may have ulcers without experiencing any pain or discomfort.

Understanding these facts can help individuals better recognize the signs of ulcers and seek appropriate medical care when necessary.

Bleeding Ulcer: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

Treatment for a bleeding ulcer can depend on its location, cause, and severity. It may involve medical procedures or medications.

Peptic ulcers are open sores in your digestive tract. When they’re located inside your stomach, they’re also called gastric ulcers. When they are found in the upper part of your small intestine, they are called duodenal ulcers.

Some people aren’t even aware they have an ulcer. Others have symptoms like heartburn and abdominal pain. Ulcers can become very dangerous if they perforate the gut or bleed heavily (also known as a hemorrhage).

Keep reading to learn more about symptoms and treatment for ulcers, as well as to uncover a few ulcer myths.

Ulcers don’t always cause symptoms. In fact, only about one quarter of people with ulcers experience symptoms. Some of these symptoms include:

• abdominal pain
• bloating or a feeling of fullness
• belching
• heartburn
• nausea
• vomiting

Symptoms may be a little different for each person. In some cases, eating a meal can ease the pain. In others, eating only makes things worse.

An ulcer can bleed so slowly that you don’t notice it. The first signs of a slow-bleeding ulcer are symptoms of anemia, which include:

• pale skin color
• shortness of breath with physical activity
• lack of energy
• fatigue
• lightheadedness

An ulcer that is bleeding heavily may cause:

• stool that is black and sticky
• dark red or maroon colored blood in your stool
• bloody vomit with the consistency of coffee grounds

Rapid bleeding from an ulcer is a life-threatening event. If you have these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

There’s a layer of mucus in your digestive tract that helps protect the gut lining. When there’s too much acid or not enough mucus, the acid erodes the surface of your stomach or small intestine. The result is an open sore that can bleed.

Why this happens can’t always be determined. The two most common causes are Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

H. pylori is a bacterium that lives within the mucus in the digestive tract. It can sometimes cause inflammation in the stomach lining, which leads to an ulcer. The risk may be greater if you are infected with H. pylori and you also smoke.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

These medications make it hard for your stomach and small intestine to protect themselves from stomach acids. NSAIDs also reduce the ability of your blood to clot, which can make a bleeding ulcer much more dangerous.

Drugs in this group include:

• aspirin (Bayer Aspirin, Bufferin)
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• ketorolac (Acular, Acuvail)
• naproxen (Aleve)
• oxaprozin (Daypro)

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is not an NSAID.

NSAIDS are also included in some combination medications used to treat stomach upset or colds. If you’re using multiple medications, there’s a good chance you’re taking more NSAIDs than you realize.

The risk of developing an ulcer caused by NSAIDs is greater if you:

• take a higher than normal dose
• take them too frequently
• drink alcohol
• are elderly
• use corticosteroids
• have had ulcers in the past

Additional risk factors

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is another condition that can lead to ulcers. It causes gastrinomas, or tumors of the acid-producing cells in your stomach, which causes more acid.

Another rare type of ulcer is called Cameron’s ulcer. These ulcers occur when a person has a large hiatal hernia and often cause GI bleeding.

If you have ulcer symptoms, see your doctor. Prompt treatment can prevent excessive bleeding and other complications.

Ulcers are usually diagnosed after an upper GI endoscopy (EGD or esophagogastroduodenoscopy). An endoscope is a long flexible tube with a light and camera on the end. The tube is inserted into your throat, then to the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine. Learn how to prepare for an endoscopy here.

Generally performed as an outpatient procedure, it allows the doctor to locate and identify problems in the stomach and upper intestine.

Bleeding ulcers must be addressed quickly, and treatment can start during the initial endoscopy. If bleeding from ulcers is found during the endoscopy, the doctor can:

• inject medication directly
• cauterize the ulcer to stop the bleeding
• clamp off the bleeding vessel

If you have an ulcer, you’ll be tested for H. pylori. This can be done using a tissue sample taken during the endoscopy. It can also be accomplished with noninvasive tests such as a stool sample or breath test.

If you have the infection, antibiotics and other drugs can help fight the bacteria and ease symptoms. To be certain you get rid of it, you must finish taking the medication as directed, even if your symptoms stop.

Ulcers are treated with acid-blocking drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or h3 blockers. They can be taken orally, but if you have a bleeding ulcer, they can also be taken intravenously. Cameron ulcers are usually treated with PPIs, but sometimes surgery is needed to repair the hiatal hernia.

If your ulcers are the result of taking too many NSAIDs, work with your doctor to find another medication to treat pain.

Over-the-counter antacids sometimes relieve symptoms. Ask your doctor if it’s okay to take antacids.

You’ll have to take medication for at least a few weeks. You should also avoid taking NSAIDs going forward.

If you have severely bleeding ulcers, your doctor may want to perform another endoscopy at a later date to be certain that you’re fully healed and that you don’t have more ulcers.

An untreated ulcer that swells or scars can block your digestive tract. It can also perforate your stomach or small intestine, infecting your abdominal cavity. That causes a condition known as peritonitis.

A bleeding ulcer can lead to anemia, bloody vomit, or bloody stools. A bleeding ulcer usually results in a hospital stay. Severe internal bleeding is life-threatening. Perforation or serious bleeding may require surgical intervention.

Ulcers can be successfully treated, and most people heal well. When treated with antibiotics and other medications, the success rate is 80 to 90 percent.

Treatment will only be effective if you take all your medication as prescribed. Smoking and continued use of NSAIDs will impede healing. Also, some strains of H. pylori are antibiotic resistant, complicating your long-term outlook.

If you’re hospitalized due to a bleeding ulcer, the 30-day mortality rate is about 11 percent. Age, recurrent bleeding, and comorbidity are factors in this outcome. The main predictors for long-term mortality include:

• old age
• comorbidity
• severe anemia
• tobacco use
• being male

There’s a lot of misinformation about ulcers, including what causes them. For a long time, it was thought that ulcers were due to:

• stress
• worry
• anxiety
• a rich diet
• spicy or acidic foods

People with ulcers were advised to make lifestyle changes such as reducing stress and adopting a bland diet.

That changed when H. Pylori was discovered in 1982. Doctors now understand that while diet and lifestyle can irritate existing ulcers in some people, generally they do not cause ulcers. While stress can increase stomach acid that in turn irritates the gastric mucosa, stress is rarely the main cause of an ulcer. An exception is in individuals who are very ill, such as those in a critical care hospital unit.

Another longstanding myth is that drinking milk is good for ulcers. That may be because milk coats your stomach lining and relieves ulcer pain, at least for a short time. Unfortunately, milk encourages production of acid and digestive juices, which actually makes ulcers worse.

Bleeding Ulcer: Symptoms, Treatment, and More

Treatment for a bleeding ulcer can depend on its location, cause, and severity. It may involve medical procedures or medications.

Peptic ulcers are open sores in your digestive tract. When they’re located inside your stomach, they’re also called gastric ulcers. When they are found in the upper part of your small intestine, they are called duodenal ulcers.

Some people aren’t even aware they have an ulcer. Others have symptoms like heartburn and abdominal pain. Ulcers can become very dangerous if they perforate the gut or bleed heavily (also known as a hemorrhage).

Keep reading to learn more about symptoms and treatment for ulcers, as well as to uncover a few ulcer myths.

Ulcers don’t always cause symptoms. In fact, only about one quarter of people with ulcers experience symptoms. Some of these symptoms include:

• abdominal pain
• bloating or a feeling of fullness
• belching
• heartburn
• nausea
• vomiting

Symptoms may be a little different for each person. In some cases, eating a meal can ease the pain. In others, eating only makes things worse.

An ulcer can bleed so slowly that you don’t notice it. The first signs of a slow-bleeding ulcer are symptoms of anemia, which include:

• pale skin color
• shortness of breath with physical activity
• lack of energy
• fatigue
• lightheadedness

An ulcer that is bleeding heavily may cause:

• stool that is black and sticky
• dark red or maroon colored blood in your stool
• bloody vomit with the consistency of coffee grounds

Rapid bleeding from an ulcer is a life-threatening event. If you have these symptoms, seek immediate medical attention.

There’s a layer of mucus in your digestive tract that helps protect the gut lining. When there’s too much acid or not enough mucus, the acid erodes the surface of your stomach or small intestine. The result is an open sore that can bleed.

Why this happens can’t always be determined. The two most common causes are Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

H. pylori is a bacterium that lives within the mucus in the digestive tract. It can sometimes cause inflammation in the stomach lining, which leads to an ulcer. The risk may be greater if you are infected with H. pylori and you also smoke.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

These medications make it hard for your stomach and small intestine to protect themselves from stomach acids. NSAIDs also reduce the ability of your blood to clot, which can make a bleeding ulcer much more dangerous.

Drugs in this group include:

• aspirin (Bayer Aspirin, Bufferin)
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• ketorolac (Acular, Acuvail)
• naproxen (Aleve)
• oxaprozin (Daypro)

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is not an NSAID.

NSAIDS are also included in some combination medications used to treat stomach upset or colds. If you’re using multiple medications, there’s a good chance you’re taking more NSAIDs than you realize.

The risk of developing an ulcer caused by NSAIDs is greater if you:

• take a higher than normal dose
• take them too frequently
• drink alcohol
• are elderly
• use corticosteroids
• have had ulcers in the past

Additional risk factors

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is another condition that can lead to ulcers. It causes gastrinomas, or tumors of the acid-producing cells in your stomach, which causes more acid.

Another rare type of ulcer is called Cameron’s ulcer. These ulcers occur when a person has a large hiatal hernia and often cause GI bleeding.

If you have ulcer symptoms, see your doctor. Prompt treatment can prevent excessive bleeding and other complications.

Ulcers are usually diagnosed after an upper GI endoscopy (EGD or esophagogastroduodenoscopy). An endoscope is a long flexible tube with a light and camera on the end. The tube is inserted into your throat, then to the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine. Learn how to prepare for an endoscopy here.

Generally performed as an outpatient procedure, it allows the doctor to locate and identify problems in the stomach and upper intestine.

Bleeding ulcers must be addressed quickly, and treatment can start during the initial endoscopy. If bleeding from ulcers is found during the endoscopy, the doctor can:

• inject medication directly
• cauterize the ulcer to stop the bleeding
• clamp off the bleeding vessel

If you have an ulcer, you’ll be tested for H. pylori. This can be done using a tissue sample taken during the endoscopy. It can also be accomplished with noninvasive tests such as a stool sample or breath test.

If you have the infection, antibiotics and other drugs can help fight the bacteria and ease symptoms. To be certain you get rid of it, you must finish taking the medication as directed, even if your symptoms stop.

Ulcers are treated with acid-blocking drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or h3 blockers. They can be taken orally, but if you have a bleeding ulcer, they can also be taken intravenously. Cameron ulcers are usually treated with PPIs, but sometimes surgery is needed to repair the hiatal hernia.

If your ulcers are the result of taking too many NSAIDs, work with your doctor to find another medication to treat pain.

Over-the-counter antacids sometimes relieve symptoms. Ask your doctor if it’s okay to take antacids.

You’ll have to take medication for at least a few weeks. You should also avoid taking NSAIDs going forward.

If you have severely bleeding ulcers, your doctor may want to perform another endoscopy at a later date to be certain that you’re fully healed and that you don’t have more ulcers.

An untreated ulcer that swells or scars can block your digestive tract. It can also perforate your stomach or small intestine, infecting your abdominal cavity. That causes a condition known as peritonitis.

A bleeding ulcer can lead to anemia, bloody vomit, or bloody stools. A bleeding ulcer usually results in a hospital stay. Severe internal bleeding is life-threatening. Perforation or serious bleeding may require surgical intervention.

Ulcers can be successfully treated, and most people heal well. When treated with antibiotics and other medications, the success rate is 80 to 90 percent.

Treatment will only be effective if you take all your medication as prescribed. Smoking and continued use of NSAIDs will impede healing. Also, some strains of H. pylori are antibiotic resistant, complicating your long-term outlook.

If you’re hospitalized due to a bleeding ulcer, the 30-day mortality rate is about 11 percent. Age, recurrent bleeding, and comorbidity are factors in this outcome. The main predictors for long-term mortality include:

• old age
• comorbidity
• severe anemia
• tobacco use
• being male

There’s a lot of misinformation about ulcers, including what causes them. For a long time, it was thought that ulcers were due to:

• stress
• worry
• anxiety
• a rich diet
• spicy or acidic foods

People with ulcers were advised to make lifestyle changes such as reducing stress and adopting a bland diet.

That changed when H. Pylori was discovered in 1982. Doctors now understand that while diet and lifestyle can irritate existing ulcers in some people, generally they do not cause ulcers. While stress can increase stomach acid that in turn irritates the gastric mucosa, stress is rarely the main cause of an ulcer. An exception is in individuals who are very ill, such as those in a critical care hospital unit.

Another longstanding myth is that drinking milk is good for ulcers. That may be because milk coats your stomach lining and relieves ulcer pain, at least for a short time. Unfortunately, milk encourages production of acid and digestive juices, which actually makes ulcers worse.

Bleeding stomach ulcer. What is a bleeding stomach ulcer?

IMPORTANT
The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.

A bleeding stomach ulcer is a complication of peptic ulcer, which consists in the outflow of blood into the stomach cavity from damaged vessels (arrosed arteries, veins or capillaries). Symptoms are determined by the severity of bleeding; the main manifestations are vomiting of “coffee grounds”, “tarry” stools, signs of hypovolemia and systemic hemodynamic disorders. The most important diagnostic method is esophagogastroduodenoscopy, during which hemostasis can be performed. Treatment in most cases is surgical; with a small volume of blood loss, as well as in high-risk patients, a conservative stop of bleeding is performed.

• Causes of bleeding gastric ulcer
• Symptoms of a bleeding gastric ulcer
• Diagnosis of bleeding gastric ulcer
• Treatment of a bleeding stomach ulcer
  • Prognosis and prevention
• Prices for treatment

General

Bleeding gastric ulcer is one of the most common complications of gastric ulcer, which occurs in 10-15% of patients of all age groups and accounts for about 50% of all gastrointestinal bleeding. However, the statistics are inaccurate: a large percentage of cases are simply not recorded – mild blood loss is masked by symptoms of an exacerbation of the underlying disease. Most often, this pathological condition develops with ulcers localized on the lesser curvature of the stomach. Gastric bleeding is an urgent problem of gastroenterology, since its prevalence is growing, and, despite the constant improvement of methods of endoscopic, medical hemostasis and early diagnosis, mortality remains high – about 9%.

Bleeding stomach ulcer

Causes of bleeding gastric ulcer

Most often, bleeding is complicated by chronic callous, acute stomach ulcers in the presence of a pathology of the cardiovascular system in the patient, as well as ulcerative defects that develop against the background of the use of glucocorticosteroids. The main reasons for the development of this complication are the progression of inflammatory and destructive processes in the area of ​​the defect, increased capillary permeability, as well as a violation of blood coagulation. Usually, an artery bleeds, less often a vein or a large number of small vessels localized in the bottom of the ulcer (in this case, latent diapedetic bleeding develops). The formation of a bleeding ulcer can be facilitated by mechanical or chemical injuries of the mucosa, physical or psycho-emotional stress, neurotrophic and thromboembolic lesions of the stomach wall and hypovitaminosis.

The cause of the serious condition of patients is blood loss. With a loss of less than 15% of the blood volume, there are no significant violations of systemic hemodynamics, since protective mechanisms are activated: vasospasm of the skin and abdominal organs, opening of arteriovenous shunts, and an increase in heart rate. The blood flow in the vital organs is preserved, and in the conditions of the cessation of blood loss, the volume of circulating blood is restored due to natural depots. With a loss of more than 15% of BCC, a generalized spasm of blood vessels, a significant increase in the frequency of heart contractions and the transition of interstitial fluid into the vascular bed are initially compensatory in nature, and then pathological. Systemic blood flow is disturbed, microcirculation suffers, including in the heart, brain, kidneys, arterial hypotension develops, compensation mechanisms are depleted. Perhaps the development of hepatic, renal failure, cerebral edema, myocardial infarction and hypovolemic shock.

Symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer

Symptoms of this pathological condition are determined by the degree of blood loss and the duration of bleeding. Hidden bleeding ulcers are manifested by general weakness, dizziness, pallor of the skin. Hemoglobin in the acidic environment of the stomach is metabolized, acquiring a dark color, and in the case of vomiting, staining of the vomit in the color of “coffee with milk” is characteristic.

In the case of profuse bleeding, the main symptom is hematemesis, which can be single or repeated. The vomit has a characteristic “coffee grounds” color. In rare cases of massive bleeding from an artery, vomiting of scarlet blood with clots is possible.

A mandatory sign of a bleeding stomach ulcer with a loss of more than 50 ml of blood is a tarry stool that occurs after a few hours or the next day. With bleeding, the volume of which does not exceed 50 ml, the feces of normal consistency are dark in color.

Many patients note an increase in the intensity of symptoms of peptic ulcer (stomach pain, dyspepsia) for several days, as well as their disappearance with the onset of bleeding (Bergman’s symptom). There may also be signs such as thirst, dry skin, decreased diuresis, pain on palpation of the abdomen.

The general symptoms of a bleeding ulcer are due to the degree of blood loss. With a deficiency of circulating blood volume of less than 5 percent (1 degree of severity), minor violations of systemic hemodynamics occur; the patient’s health remains satisfactory, blood pressure is within normal limits, the pulse is somewhat rapid. With a deficit of 5-15 percent of circulating blood volume (grade 2 blood loss), patients report lethargy, dizziness, fainting, systolic blood pressure below 90 mmHg Art. , the pulse is significantly quickened. With a loss of more than 15-30 percent of the BCC (grade 3), the condition of the patients is severe, there is a pronounced pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, the pulse is thready, frequent, systolic blood pressure is below 60. A deficiency of more than 30 percent of the blood volume (grade 4) is accompanied by impaired consciousness, the condition is extremely severe, blood pressure is reduced to a critical level, the pulse is not determined.

Diagnosis of bleeding gastric ulcer

A consultation with a gastroenterologist with a detailed study of the history of the disease, patient complaints and objective data suggests the presence of this pathology even with a small amount of blood loss. During an objective examination of the patient, attention is drawn to the pallor of the skin, a decrease in skin turgor, pain on palpation of the abdomen in the epigastric region is possible. In the general blood test, a decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cells is determined.

An obligatory diagnostic method for gastric bleeding is esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Diagnostic endoscopy is performed in all cases where there is a reasonable suspicion of ulcer bleeding. The only contraindication is the agonal state of the patient, when the results of the study cannot affect the outcome of the disease. Endoscopy allows visualizing the source of bleeding, differentiating a bleeding ulcer from other causes of gastrointestinal bleeding. In most cases, the diagnostic procedure turns into a therapeutic one. It has been proven that early endoscopic hemostasis significantly reduces the recurrence rate, the need for surgical interventions, and mortality.

Differential diagnosis is carried out with gastric bleeding of a different etiology: with malignant tumors, gastric polyps, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, pathology of the blood coagulation system, cardiovascular system.

Treatment of bleeding gastric ulcer

Suspicion of a bleeding stomach ulcer is a direct indication for emergency hospitalization of patients in the surgical department. Examination on an outpatient basis is strictly unacceptable. All patients are prescribed strict bed rest, complete hunger (after stopping bleeding – the Meilengracht diet). Conservative hemostasis includes transfusion of blood products, plasma, the introduction of fibrinogen, aminocaproic acid, calcium chloride, vikasol, atropine, as well as oral administration of aminocaproic acid. Conservative treatment can be performed in high-risk patients (elderly, severe comorbidities), as well as in mild to moderate bleeding.

Currently, effective methods of endoscopic hemostasis have been developed: thermal (electrocoagulation, thermoprobe, laser, radiofrequency and argon plasma coagulation), injection (local administration of adrenaline, novocaine, saline and sclerosants), mechanical (stopping gastroduodenal bleeding by clipping or ligation of bleeding vessels during gastroduodenoscopy ) and the use of hemostatic materials (biological glue, hemostatic powder).

Indications for surgical treatment are severe bleeding, regardless of the type of ulcer, combination with other complications of peptic ulcer (penetration, pyloroduodenal stenosis), repeated bleeding that does not stop under the influence of conservative methods of hemostasis. The specific choice of operation is determined by the localization of the ulcer and individual characteristics. Can be performed resection of the stomach according to Billroth I or II, excision, suturing of the stomach ulcer, suturing the vessels of the bottom of the ulcer, possibly combined with vagotomy.

Prognosis and prevention

The prognosis is determined by the volume of blood loss and the timeliness of specialized care. At present, active surgical tactics of treatment (in the absence of contraindications) is considered the only correct one. In addition to the rate of bleeding arrest, the prognosis depends on the safety of the patient’s compensatory mechanisms, adequate replenishment of the circulating blood volume. With profuse bleeding, a high percentage of mortality is recorded.

Prevention of a bleeding stomach ulcer consists in a timely appeal to a gastroenterologist in the presence of complaints from the stomach, adequate treatment of peptic ulcer according to current standards, medical examination of patients and regular examination.

You can share your medical history, what helped you in the treatment of a bleeding stomach ulcer.

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IMPORTANT
The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.

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Content

• 1 Bleeding stomach ulcer: causes, symptoms, treatment
  • gastric ulcer: symptoms and causes
    • 1.1.1 What is bleeding stomach ulcer?
    • 1.1.2 Symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer
    • 1.1.3 Causes of a bleeding stomach ulcer
  • 1. 2 Causes of a bleeding stomach ulcer
  • 1.3 Symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer
    • 1.3.1 Abdominal pain
    • 1.3.2 Nausea and vomiting
    • 1.3.3 Hunger
    • 1.3.4 Bloody discharge
    • 1.3.5 Weight loss
    • 1.3.6 Weakness and fatigue
  • 1.4 Diagnosis of a bleeding stomach ulcer
  • 1.5 Treatment of a bleeding stomach ulcer
  • 1.6 Treatment of a bleeding stomach ulcer: timing and methods
    • 1.6.1 How long does it take to treat a bleeding stomach ulcer?
    • 1.6.2 What methods are used to treat a bleeding stomach ulcer?
    • 1.6.3 What recommendations should the patient follow during the treatment of a bleeding gastric ulcer?
    • 1.6.4 How can bleeding stomach ulcers be prevented?
  • 1.7 How to prevent bleeding stomach ulcers
    • 1.7.1 Avoid foods that cause ulcers
    • 1.7.2 Use natural products instead of chemical additives
    • 1.7.3 Avoid stressful situations and overwork 90 012
    • 1. 7.4 Contact see a doctor at the first symptoms
  • 1.8 Diet for patients with bleeding stomach ulcers
    • 1.8.1 Description of the diet
  • 1.9 Complications of bleeding gastric ulcer
  • 1.10 Related videos:
  • 1.11 Q&A:
    • • 1.11.0.1 What is a bleeding gastric ulcer?
      • 1.11.0.2 How is a bleeding stomach ulcer diagnosed?
      • 1.11.0.3 How to treat a bleeding stomach ulcer?
      • 1.11.0.4 Can bleeding stomach ulcers be prevented?
      • 1.11.0.5 How long does bleeding stomach ulcer last?
      • 1.11.0.6 How to change your lifestyle after the diagnosis of a bleeding stomach ulcer?
  • 1.12 Who is at risk for bleeding stomach ulcers?
  • 1.13 What if you have symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer?

Bleeding stomach ulcer – causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methods. How to keep your stomach healthy and avoid complications? Read the article on our website.

Gastric ulcer is a common disease that occurs as a result of damage to the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Among the various forms of ulcers, a bleeding stomach ulcer is the most dangerous, as it can lead to bleeding, which in turn requires immediate medical attention.

Bleeding stomach ulcers can be caused by long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Helicobacter pylori infection, alcohol abuse, malnutrition, stress, and genetic predisposition.

Symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer may include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, abdominal rumbling, fullness, blood in the stool or vomit. If you have these symptoms, you need to see a doctor to get a competent diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosing a bleeding stomach ulcer requires an endoscopy, which can be used by a doctor to evaluate the lining of the stomach and duodenum, as well as to check for ulcers or bleeding.

Treatment of a bleeding stomach ulcer may include antisecretory drugs, antibiotics, mucosal protectants, and surgical treatments. In any case, treatment should be prescribed by a doctor, depending on the severity of the disease and the presence of complications.

Bleeding stomach ulcer: symptoms and causes

What is a bleeding stomach ulcer?

Bleeding gastric ulcer is an acute disease that develops as a result of damage to the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum. An ulcer can lead to bleeding, which is a serious threat to health and even human life.

Symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer

At an early stage, a bleeding stomach ulcer may occur without any symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:

• Abdominal pain;
• Feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
• Bloating;
• Sudden retching, nausea;
• Heartburn;
• Leakage of blood or its presence in the stool.

Causes of bleeding gastric ulcer

The main cause of bleeding stomach ulcers is Helicobacter pylori, which infects the stomach lining and causes inflammation. In addition, some medications, such as aspirin and some analgesics, can cause bleeding ulcers. In rare cases, the disease may be hereditary.

Risk factors:

Men are more susceptible to bleeding stomach ulcers;

Strong stress can cause ulcers;

Bad habits such as smoking and overeating may aggravate the disease;

Several chronic diseases such as cirrhosis of the liver may be a risk factor.

However, proper diet, avoidance of smoking and alcohol, and timely treatment of other diseases can increase the resistance of a bleeding stomach ulcer.

Causes of bleeding stomach ulcers

Improper diet: One of the main causes of bleeding stomach ulcers is malnutrition. Eating spicy and fatty foods, smoking, frequent snacks during the day can create an aggressive environment in the stomach, cause irritation and damage the mucous membrane.

Meticulous hygiene: meticulous hygiene, regular use of disinfectants can also contribute to the development of stomach ulcers due to the fact that along with harmful bacteria, beneficial bacteria are also killed.

Influence of external factors: influence of external factors, among which there may be wind smoke, exhaust gases, radiation, can also have a negative effect on the gastric mucosa and contribute to the development of ulcers.

1. Taking medications: Frequent and incorrect use of medications (especially NSAIDs) can cause a negative effect on the stomach and, as a result, an ulcer.
2. Loads on the body: severe stress, overload of the body, unfavorable environmental conditions can also contribute to the occurrence of stomach ulcers.

Symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer

Abdominal pain

A feeling of discomfort, heaviness and discomfort in the stomach area may indicate the presence of an ulcer. The pain may worsen after eating or at night.

Nausea and vomiting

These symptoms may be signs of bleeding in the stomach caused by ulcer erosion. It is very dangerous to ignore such manifestations of the disease.

Feeling of hunger

The patient’s skin may become pale, and he himself will experience a constant feeling of hunger. Such symptoms are associated with indigestion, which is dangerous to health.

Bloody discharge

If a bleeding stomach ulcer is present, the patient may experience bloody discharge from the stool or during vomiting. These symptoms indicate a serious condition and require urgent medical attention.

Weight loss

Weight loss may be due to indigestion and nutritional deficiencies, which is dangerous for the patient. If weight loss occurs for no apparent reason, then this may indicate the presence of a bleeding stomach ulcer.

Weakness and fatigue

These symptoms may accompany a bleeding stomach ulcer due to a decrease in the amount of blood in the patient’s body. Insomnia and increased nervousness due to a troubled state of health are also possible.

Symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer:

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1	Abdominal pain
2	Nausea and vomiting
3	Feeling of hunger
4	Bleeding
5	Weight loss
6	Weakness and fatigue

Bleeding gastric ulcer diagnosis

Bleeding stomach ulcer is a serious disease that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. To determine the presence of an ulcer in the stomach, it is necessary to undergo an appropriate examination under the guidance of a doctor.

Usually, the diagnosis of a bleeding gastric ulcer begins with a general examination of the patient and taking an anamnesis. The doctor may ask questions about the presence of complaints of abdominal pain and symptoms related to the digestive system. Based on this information, the doctor determines the need for further research.

To confirm the diagnosis of a bleeding gastric ulcer, the following examinations may be prescribed:

• Fibrogastroduodenoscopy is an examination in which a flexible tubular instrument with a camera at the end is inserted through the pharynx to examine the inner surface of the stomach and duodenum.
• Gastroscopy is a test that uses a special tool to locate an ulcer in the stomach or duodenum.
• X-ray examination – an additional examination, which is carried out using an X-ray machine with the introduction of a contrast agent into the stomach and intestines.

For an accurate diagnosis of a bleeding stomach ulcer, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination and determine the nature and location of the disease. Regular medical supervision allows timely detection and prevention of complications associated with peptic ulcer.

Treatment of bleeding gastric ulcer

Bleeding stomach ulcer is a serious disease that requires immediate treatment. If symptoms are present, a physician should be consulted for diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Treatment for a bleeding stomach ulcer depends on many factors, including the cause of the ulcer.

The main treatment for bleeding gastric ulcers is the use of drugs. Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to kill the Helicobacter pylori bacteria that causes the ulcer. To protect the gastric mucosa, drugs are prescribed that reduce the acidity of gastric juice, as well as drugs that improve blood circulation in the area of ​​​​the ulcer.

In case of severe bleeding, endoscopic therapy can be used, which consists in introducing a substance that stops bleeding into the ulcer area. If conservative treatment fails, surgery may be required.

• Some recommendations:
• Lifestyle changes: quitting smoking and alcohol, healthy eating, daily and sleep patterns.
• Compliance with the diet: spicy, fatty, smoked and canned foods, spices, sweets, tea and coffee, as well as other foods that adversely affect the health of the gastrointestinal tract, are completely excluded.
• Monitoring your condition: if you experience abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or other symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Treatment of a bleeding stomach ulcer can be lengthy, requiring patient patience and adherence to all doctor’s recommendations. The result of correctly chosen therapy can be a complete recovery and a return to active life.

Treatment of a bleeding stomach ulcer: timing and methods

How long does it take to treat a bleeding stomach ulcer?

This depends on the severity of the disease as well as the health of the patient. On average, the treatment of a bleeding stomach ulcer lasts from 2 weeks to 2 months. However, in severe cases and with complications, the course may be delayed.

What methods are used to treat a bleeding stomach ulcer?

First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the formation of an ulcer – to protect the gastric mucosa from the effects of acid, to normalize the digestion process, to get rid of Helicobacter pylori infection (if it is detected). For this, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs, proton pump inhibitors are often used.

Additionally, agents can be used that accelerate the healing of the ulcer and the restoration of the mucous membrane – antacids, mucoprotectors, bismuth preparations. In some cases, surgery may be indicated.

What recommendations should the patient follow during the treatment of a bleeding gastric ulcer?

• Follow a dietary regimen, avoid spicy, fatty, sour and smoked foods.
• Refrain from alcohol and smoking.
• Take prescribed medication exactly as instructed and at the specified time.
• Check your health and visit your doctor regularly to monitor your illness.

How can bleeding stomach ulcers be prevented?

To prevent gastric ulcers, you need to follow a healthy lifestyle, including diet, moderate exercise and stress management. It is also not recommended to abuse alcohol, smoke, take unnecessary medications without a doctor’s recommendation. In the case of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to undergo regular examination and treatment to prevent the development of complications.

How to prevent bleeding stomach ulcers

Avoid foods that cause ulcers

A healthy diet can reduce the risk of bleeding stomach ulcers. It is not recommended to consume spicy, fatty and smoked foods in large quantities. Replace them with easily digestible protein foods, fruits and vegetables.

Use natural products instead of chemical additives

Chemical additives in products can irritate the stomach lining and cause ulcers. The best choices are organic foods and natural supplements such as honey, nuts, turmeric, etc.

Avoid stressful situations and overwork

A bleeding stomach ulcer can also be caused by emotional stress. Therefore, it is important to monitor your psychological state and avoid strong feelings. It is also necessary to properly distribute physical and mental stress.

Seek medical attention at the first symptoms

Do not ignore the first symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer such as epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting. Seek immediate medical attention for diagnosis and treatment. Seeing a doctor early can prevent complications and save your health.

Diet for patients with bleeding stomach ulcers

Description of the diet

When bleeding stomach ulcers, special attention must be paid to nutrition. The diet should be light and easy to digest so as not to burden the stomach and cause pain.

The main principles of the diet are the restriction of fatty and fried foods, the reduction in the volume of food at a time, and the rejection of alcohol and smoking.

What you can eat

• Soft fruits and vegetables (bananas, apples, pumpkin, marrows)
• Low-fat meats and poultry
• Low-fat dairy products, sour-milk products (kefir, yogurt)
• Rice, oatmeal, durum wheat pasta
• Fish, side dishes of potatoes, Jerusalem artichoke, carrots

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What not to eat

• Fatty, fried and fried products
• Sweets and confectionery products
• Raw materials and products containing coarse fiber (cabbage, beans, nuts)
• Spicy and sour dishes, seasonings and sauces
• Red meat and salty foods

Sample menu

9 0250 Lunch

Breakfast	Cereal with milk, banana
Chicken broth, steamed fish, rice
Dinner	Kefir with low-fat cottage cheese, vegetable salad

It is highly undesirable to eat 2-3 hours before bedtime, so as not to burden the stomach during the rest period.

Complications of a bleeding stomach ulcer

A bleeding stomach ulcer is a serious problem that can lead to various complications if not treated promptly.

• Ulcer perforation . This is a violation of the integrity of the stomach wall, which can lead to the development of peritonitis and requires immediate surgery.
• Esophageal stenosis . This is a narrowing of the esophagus that occurs due to the accumulation of scar tissue at the site of the ulcer. This can lead to disruption of the passage of food and discomfort when eating.
• Bleeding . This is the most common complication of stomach ulcers and can lead to critical conditions and require very prompt treatment.
• Anemia . Constant bleeding from an ulcer can lead to a lack of iron in the body and the development of anemia, which is manifested by fatigue, weakness, dizziness and other symptoms.

To prevent these complications, it is important to start treatment of gastric ulcers as soon as the first symptoms appear. This will help to avoid the development of serious complications and maintain health.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What is a bleeding stomach ulcer?

A bleeding stomach ulcer is an ulcer in the wall of the stomach or duodenum that causes bleeding. It is usually caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ulcer symptoms may include stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, fatigue, and black stools caused by bleeding from the ulcer.

How is a bleeding stomach ulcer diagnosed?

Bleeding gastric ulcer can be diagnosed by fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS), which allows you to see the ulcer on the wall of the stomach. Helicobacter pylori and blood testing may also be done to evaluate for bleeding.

How to treat a bleeding stomach ulcer?

Treatment for a bleeding stomach ulcer may include antibiotics to kill the Helicobacter pylori bacteria, drugs to reduce stomach acid, and drugs to stop the bleeding. In more severe cases, surgery may be required. In addition, it is important to follow dietary recommendations and avoid alcohol and smoking.

Can a bleeding stomach ulcer be prevented?

Yes, bleeding stomach ulcers can be prevented. It is important to avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs unnecessarily, watch your diet, and avoid alcohol and smoking. It is also helpful to remove the Helicobacter pylori bacterium, if found, and treat other health problems that can lead to stomach ulcers.

How long does it take to treat a bleeding stomach ulcer?

The duration of treatment for a bleeding stomach ulcer may depend on the severity of the disease and the method of treatment. In most cases, treatment can last from several weeks to several months. In addition, after treatment, it is important to follow the doctor’s recommendations and undergo regular follow-up examinations to avoid recurrence of ulcers.

How to change your lifestyle after the diagnosis of a bleeding stomach ulcer?

Following a diagnosis of a bleeding stomach ulcer, it is important to follow a healthy lifestyle. This may include avoiding alcohol and smoking, proper nutrition, stress reduction, and regular physical activity. It is also important to take your medications as prescribed by your doctor and follow recommendations for additional treatments and disease control.

Who is at risk for bleeding stomach ulcers?

Alcohol abusers: Drinking large amounts of alcohol irritates the gastric mucosa and increases the risk of developing stomach ulcers.

People suffering from Helicobacter pylori infection: This bacterium found in the gastric mucosa can cause inflammation and damage to the mucosa, which can lead to stomach ulcers.

People who take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Long-term use of NSAIDs can damage the gastric mucosa, leading to stomach ulcers.

People who suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system: in connection with the drugs taken, such as aspirin and anticoagulants, such patients may develop stomach ulcers.

Elderly people: As a person ages, the amount of protective mucous layer in the stomach decreases, which increases the risk of developing stomach ulcers.

What if you have symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer?

Bleeding stomach ulcer is a serious condition that must be treated immediately. If you have symptoms of this disease, you need to see a doctor.

One of the main symptoms of a bleeding stomach ulcer is pain. This pain can be severe and occur more frequently after meals. Also, the patient may experience nausea, vomiting, heartburn and sour belching.