How long does it take for a broken pinky toe to heal. What are the best treatment methods for a broken pinky toe. How can you speed up recovery from a broken pinky toe. What exercises help rehabilitate a broken pinky toe.

Understanding Broken Pinky Toe Injuries

A broken pinky toe, also known as a fractured fifth toe, is a common injury that can occur from stubbing your toe, dropping something heavy on it, or through sports-related accidents. While often considered minor, this injury can cause significant pain and discomfort, impacting your daily activities.

Types of Pinky Toe Fractures

Pinky toe fractures can be categorized into several types:

• Stress fractures: Tiny cracks in the bone caused by repetitive force
• Displaced fractures: The bone fragments are separated and misaligned
• Non-displaced fractures: The bone is cracked but still aligned
• Avulsion fractures: A small piece of bone is pulled off by a tendon or ligament

Identifying the type of fracture is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan and recovery timeline.

Typical Recovery Timeline for a Broken Pinky Toe

The healing process for a broken pinky toe typically spans about six weeks. However, this timeline can vary depending on the severity of the fracture and individual factors such as age, overall health, and adherence to treatment protocols.

Week-by-Week Recovery Guide

1. Weeks 0-3: Initial healing phase, focus on rest and protection
2. Weeks 3-6: Gradual increase in activity and range of motion exercises
3. Weeks 6-12: Return to normal activities, but may still experience mild symptoms
4. Beyond 12 weeks: Full recovery for most cases; consult a doctor if pain persists

Is it possible to walk with a broken pinky toe? While you can walk on the foot as comfort allows, many find it easier to walk on their heel in the early stages of recovery. A protective boot may be provided to help manage symptoms, though it’s not necessary for fracture healing.

Effective Treatment Strategies for Broken Pinky Toes

Treating a broken pinky toe involves a combination of immediate care and ongoing management to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.

Immediate Care Techniques

• R.I.C.E. method: Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation
• Cold packs: Apply for up to 15 minutes every few hours
• Buddy taping: Strapping the injured toe to its neighbor for support
• Pain management: Over-the-counter pain relievers as recommended by a healthcare provider

How long should you buddy tape a broken toe? While not always necessary, buddy taping can be helpful for the first three weeks to provide support and alleviate symptoms.

Managing Pain and Swelling During Recovery

Pain and swelling are common symptoms associated with a broken pinky toe. These can be particularly pronounced at the end of the day and may persist for 3-6 months after the initial injury.

Effective Pain Management Strategies

• Elevation: Raise your foot above heart level to reduce swelling
• Medication: Take pain relievers as prescribed by your healthcare provider
• Footwear modifications: Use a protective boot or wide, comfortable shoes
• Gentle exercises: Perform range of motion exercises as pain allows

Can applying ice help reduce swelling in a broken pinky toe? Yes, applying a cold pack wrapped in a damp towel for up to 15 minutes every few hours can provide short-term pain relief and help reduce swelling.

Rehabilitation Exercises for Broken Pinky Toe Recovery

Rehabilitation exercises play a crucial role in restoring flexibility, strength, and function to your injured toe and foot. It’s important to start these exercises as soon as your healthcare provider gives you the green light.

Essential Toe and Foot Exercises

1. Toe curls: Gently curl and straighten your toes
2. Ankle rotations: Move your ankle in circular motions
3. Towel scrunches: Use your toes to scrunch a towel on the floor
4. Marble pickups: Practice picking up marbles with your toes
5. Gentle stretches: Carefully stretch your toes and foot

How often should you perform these exercises? Aim to do these exercises 3-4 times a day, repeating each exercise 10 times or as tolerated without causing excessive pain.

Lifestyle Adjustments to Support Healing

Making certain lifestyle adjustments can significantly impact the healing process of a broken pinky toe. These changes can help prevent complications and ensure a smoother recovery.

Key Lifestyle Modifications

• Avoid high-impact activities until cleared by your healthcare provider
• Wear appropriate footwear that provides support and protection
• Maintain a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D to support bone healing
• Stay hydrated to promote overall healing
• Consider quitting smoking, as it can prolong fracture healing time

Does smoking affect the healing of a broken toe? Yes, medical evidence suggests that smoking can prolong fracture healing time and, in extreme cases, may even prevent proper healing altogether.

When to Seek Further Medical Attention

While most broken pinky toes heal without complications, there are instances where additional medical intervention may be necessary. It’s important to recognize the signs that warrant further attention.

Red Flags During Recovery

• Persistent or worsening pain after 6 weeks
• Signs of infection such as fever, redness, or warmth around the toe
• Numbness or tingling in the toe
• Difficulty walking or bearing weight after the initial recovery period
• Visible deformity of the toe

Should you always see a doctor for a broken pinky toe? While many broken pinky toes can be managed at home, it’s advisable to have an initial assessment by a healthcare professional to rule out more severe injuries and ensure proper treatment.

Long-Term Outlook and Prevention Strategies

Understanding the long-term implications of a broken pinky toe and learning how to prevent future injuries can help maintain foot health and overall well-being.

Long-Term Considerations

• Potential for mild discomfort during weather changes
• Slight increase in susceptibility to future injuries
• Possible need for orthotic support in shoes

Prevention Tips

1. Wear properly fitting shoes with adequate toe space
2. Use protective footwear in high-risk environments
3. Practice proper foot care and hygiene
4. Strengthen foot muscles through regular exercises
5. Be mindful of your surroundings to avoid toe injuries

Can regular foot exercises help prevent future toe injuries? Yes, strengthening the muscles in your feet through regular exercises can improve stability and potentially reduce the risk of future toe injuries.

A broken pinky toe, while often viewed as a minor injury, requires proper care and attention to ensure optimal healing. By following the recovery timeline, adhering to treatment strategies, and making necessary lifestyle adjustments, most individuals can expect a full recovery within 6-12 weeks. Remember to listen to your body, follow your healthcare provider’s advice, and seek additional medical attention if you experience persistent pain or complications. With patience and proper care, you’ll be back on your feet, enjoying your normal activities in no time.

Toe fracture or dislocation  · Virtual Fracture Clinic

This information will guide you through the next 6 weeks of your rehabilitation. Use the video or information below to gain a better understanding of your injury and what can be done to maximise your recovery.

If you are worried that you are unable to follow this rehabilitation plan, or have any questions, then please phone the Fracture Care Team for advice.

Or, if you are experiencing pain or symptoms, other than at the site of the original injury or surrounding area, please get in touch using the telephone or e-mail details at the top of this letter.

Buddy strapping

  Buddy strapping is a way of giving your injured toe support.

  It is not always required but may help to settle your symptoms. 

What to expect

Advice for a new injury

Cold packs: A cold pack (ice pack or frozen peas wrapped in a damp towel) can provide short term pain relief. Apply this to the sore area for up to 15 minutes, every few hours ensuring the ice is never in direct contact with the skin.                                                    

Rest and Elevation: Try to rest the foot for the first 24-72 hours to allow the early stage of healing to begin. Raise your ankle above the level of your hips to reduce swelling. You can use pillows or a stool to keep your foot up

Early movement and exercise: Early movement of the ankle and foot is important to promote circulation and reduce the risk of developing a DVT (blood clot). Follow the exercises below without causing too much pain. This will ensure your ankle and foot do not become too stiff.  These exercises will help the healing process.

Early weight bearing (putting weight through your injured foot) helps increase the speed of healing. Try to walk as normally as possible as this will help with your recovery.

Smoking advice

Medical evidence suggests that smoking prolongs fracture healing time. In extreme cases it can stop healing altogether. It is important that you consider this information with relation to your recent injury. Stopping smoking during the healing phase of your fracture will help ensure optimal recovery from this injury.

For advice on smoking cessation and local support available, please refer to the following website: http://smokefree.nhs.uk or discuss this with your GP.

Boot advice

Diabetic patients: If you are diabetic please contact us to discuss your boot. This is particularly important if you have problems with your skin. We can provide you with a specialist diabetic boot if required.

Footwear for your uninjured foot: We would recommend choosing a supportive shoe or trainer with a firm sole for your uninjured foot. You will notice that the boot you have been given has a thicker sole, by matching this height on the uninjured side you will reduce any stress on your other joints.

Exercises

Initial exercises to do 3-4 times a day

Ankle and foot range of movement exercises. Repeat these 10 times each.

1. Point your foot up and down within a comfortable range of movement.
2. With your heels together, move your toes apart, as shown in the picture.
3. Make circles with your foot in one direction and then change direction.

Broken Toe | Surgical Shoe | Houston Podiatrist

A broken toe can be very painful. While this injury is common, it can cause plenty of problems. There are many types of broken toes; some are severe, and some are less so. It’s important to see your podiatrist if you think you’ve got a broken toe. Because the way we treat your injury, and the way we guide your recovery, will depend on they type of fracture you’ve sustained. 

Diagnosing a Broken Toe

You have 14 bones in your toe, and you may break one or more of them. The only way to confirm a fracture is with an X-Ray. That’s why we offer in-office imaging. That way, your podiatrist can diagnose your broken toe and start treatment right away. But what will that treatment look like? And how will you walk while recovering from a broken toe? That all depends on the nature of your injury.  

Of course, we worry about wearing regular shoes with a broken toe. Because the pressure could cause you pain, or even delay your healing. Now, some people can get away with wearing regular shoes. But, if this is the case for your injury, you should choose a low heeled or tennis shoe. Something that’s stable and comfortable to help your healing. 

Just remember: some people will have to wear a special surgical shoe for broken toes. And this is how we decide which footwear you’ll need if your toe is broken. 

When Do You Need a Surgical Shoe for a Broken Toe?  

When we’re treating your broken toe, we may recommend wearing a surgical shoe. And there are a few factors we’ll look at before making those decisions. Here are some of the questions we’ll explore when choosing your foot wear after a toe fracture. It will depending on where the toe is broken, and which toe is broken.

If your great toe is broken, your Houston Podiatrist will almost certainly keep you out of regular shoes while you heal. Why is this toe fracture treated differently? Because of the amount of pressure your big toe bears, you will likely have to wear a surgical shoe while you heal. In fact, in some cases, you may need a fracture walking boot with a broken big toe. We’ll evaluate your injury and make the proper recommendation, to ensure it heals properly. 

We’ll also see if your fractured toe is in a good position. Because if the break displaced your bone, you may need surgery. (If you have a displaced fracture, your toe may look crooked.) And then you’ll likely be wearing a surgical boot while you recover. Of course, I’ll also look at how stable your bones appear to be after we set your broken toe. Because, if it seems like pressure would delay your recovery, we’ll recommend a surgical shoe while you recover.

Now, if we recommend wearing a surgical shoe, we’ll help you wear it properly. Because wearing your shoe properly will be an important part of your recovery. 

How to Wear Surgical Shoes with a Broken Toe

First, let’s look carefully at this wearable medical device. A surgical shoe is special foot wear that lets you put weight on your foot without compromising your recovery. How does it do that job? The stable sole on a surgical shoe keeps your toe from moving too much. And this is important, because broken toes need to be immobilized in order to heal.  

Remember, don’t get upset if you need to wear a surgical shoe. This treatment will actually leave you feeling more comfortable. Plus, it will lower your risk of long-term complications.  (If your broken toe doesn’t heal properly, your risk for arthritis will increase. And your toe could permanently change shape. Leaving you with a painful or unsightly deformity.)

Recovering from a Broken Toe 

Wondering how long you’ll need to wear that surgical shoe while you heal your broken toe? Of course, every patient is different. And that means broken toe recovery times will vary. Still, we can look at average healing times for injuries, to help you know what to expect. 

When it comes to broken toes, most bones will heal within six weeks. Now, if you have a hairline fracture, or a stress fracture, you’ll likely heal faster. Or, if you had a displaced fracture treated with surgery, your recovery may last longer. 

But, regardless of your injury, there are things you can do to speed up your recovery. Be sure to follow all of your podiatrist’s instructions. From wearing a surgical shoe to resting or icing your broken toe, listening to your doctor should speed up your recovery. (Or, at the very least, not increase your healing time.)

And here’s the most important way to heal from a broken toe: see your podiatrist as soon as you notice pain. Because, the sooner we diagnose your broken toe, the sooner we can being treatment. In that way, we can take pressure off your toe. This will prevent any worsening problems and offer you pain relief while you heal. 

For that reason, you need a fast X-ray if you think you have a broken toe. But that doesn’t have to mean long waits at the ER. Instead, come into my office right away. I can get you X-rayed, immobilized and in your surgical shoe for broken toes all in one visit. That way we’ll get you on the road to recovery as fast as safely possible! 
 

Evaluation and Management of Toe Fractures

ROBERT L. HATCH, M.D., M.P.H., and SCOTT HACKING, M.D., University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida

Am Fam Physician. 2003 Dec 15;68(12):2413-2418.

Fractures of the toe are one of the most common lower extremity fractures diagnosed by family physicians. Toe fractures most frequently are caused by a crushing injury or axial force such as stubbing a toe. Joint hyperextension and stress fractures are less common. Most patients have point tenderness at the fracture site or pain with gentle axial loading of the digit. Anteroposterior and oblique radiographs generally are most useful for identifying fractures, determining displacement, and evaluating adjacent phalanges and digits. Referral is indicated in patients with circulatory compromise, open fractures, significant soft tissue injury, fracture-dislocations, displaced intra-articular fractures, or fractures of the first toe that are unstable or involve more than 25 percent of the joint surface. Most children with fractures of the physis should be referred, but children with selected nondisplaced Salter-Harris types I and II fractures may be treated by family physicians. Stable, nondisplaced toe fractures should be treated with buddy taping and a rigid-sole shoe to limit joint movement. Displaced fractures of the lesser toes should be treated with reduction and buddy taping. Patients with displaced fractures of the first toe often require referral for stabilization of the reduction.

Toe fractures are one of the most common fractures diagnosed by primary care physicians. In one rural family practice,1 toe fractures comprised 8 percent of 295 fractures diagnosed; in an Air Force family practice residency program,2 they made up 9 percent of 624 fractures treated. Published studies suggest that family physicians can manage most toe fractures with good results.1,2

Anatomy

The first toe has only two phalanges; the second through the fifth toes generally have three, but the fifth toe sometimes can have only two (Figure 1). Flexor and extensor tendons insert at the proximal portions of the middle and distal phalanges. These tendons may avulse small fragments of bone from the phalanges; they also can be injured when a toe is fractured. Abductor, interosseus, and adductor muscles insert at the proximal aspects of each proximal phalanx. The pull of these muscles occasionally exacerbates fracture displacement. Sesamoid bones generally are present within flexor tendons in the first toe (Figure 1, top) and are found less commonly in the flexor tendons of other toes. In children, a physis (i.e., cartilaginous growth center) is present in the proximal part of each phalanx (Figure 2).

Differential Diagnosis

The same mechanisms that produce toe fractures may cause a ligament sprain, contusion, dislocation, tendon injury, or other soft tissue injury. Radiographs often are required to distinguish these injuries from toe fractures. Stress fractures can occur in toes. They typically involve the medial base of the proximal phalanx and usually occur in athletes. Stress fractures have a more insidious onset and may not be visible on radiographs for the first two to four weeks after the injury.

History and Physical Findings

Most toe fractures are caused by an axial force (e.g., a stubbed toe) or a crushing injury (e.g., from a falling object). Joint hyperextension, a less common mechanism, may cause spiral or avulsion fractures. Common presenting symptoms include bruising, swelling, and throbbing pain that worsens with a dependent position, although this type of pain also may occur with an isolated subungual hematoma. Although tendon injuries may accompany a toe fracture, they are uncommon.

Physical examination should include assessment of capillary refill; delayed capillary refill may indicate circulatory compromise. The skin should be inspected for open wounds or significant injury that may lead to skin necrosis. The nail should be inspected for subungual hematomas and other nail injuries. Deformity of the digit should be noted; most displaced fractures and dislocations present with visible deformity. Nondisplaced fractures usually are less apparent; however, most patients with toe fractures have point tenderness over the fracture site. The localized tenderness of a contusion may mimic the point tenderness of a fracture. Application of a gentle axial loading force distal to the injury (i.e., compressing the distal phalanx toward the foot) may distinguish contusions from fractures. If this maneuver produces sharp pain in a more proximal phalanx, it suggests a fracture in that phalanx.

Radiographic Findings

Radiographic studies of a toe should include anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique views (Figure 1). A combination of anteroposterior and lateral views may be best to rule out displacement. However, overlying shadows often make the lateral view difficult to interpret (Figure 1, center). In many cases, anteroposterior and oblique views are the most easily interpreted (Figure 1, top and bottom).

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FIGURE 1.

Radiographic series showing spiral fracture of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe. Note that this patient has an anatomic variant—the fifth toe has only two phalanges. (Left) Antero-posterior view. Angulation, shortening, and slight rotation are visible. Two normal sesamoid bones can be seen beneath the first metatarsal head. (Center) Lateral view. Overlying shadows make it difficult to discern the fourth toe and detect the mildly displaced fracture. (Right) Oblique view. Unlike the lateral view, this view clearly shows the fracture. It also provides another perspective to assess the degree of displacement.

FIGURE 1.

Radiographic series showing spiral fracture of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe. Note that this patient has an anatomic variant—the fifth toe has only two phalanges. (Left) Antero-posterior view. Angulation, shortening, and slight rotation are visible. Two normal sesamoid bones can be seen beneath the first metatarsal head. (Center) Lateral view. Overlying shadows make it difficult to discern the fourth toe and detect the mildly displaced fracture. (Right) Oblique view. Unlike the lateral view, this view clearly shows the fracture. It also provides another perspective to assess the degree of displacement.

Fractures of the lesser toes are four times as common as fractures of the first toe.3 Most toe fractures are nondisplaced or minimally displaced. Comminution is common, especially with fractures of the distal phalanx. Displaced spiral fractures generally display shortening or rotation, whereas displaced transverse fractures may display angulation. In children, toe fractures may involve the physis (Figure 2).

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FIGURE 2.

Displaced Salter-Harris type II frac ture of the proximal phalanx of a child’s fifth toe Physis can be seen in the proximal aspect of the other phalanges.

FIGURE 2.

Displaced Salter-Harris type II frac ture of the proximal phalanx of a child’s fifth toe Physis can be seen in the proximal aspect of the other phalanges.

Fractures of multiple phalanges are common (Figure 3). Therefore, phalanges and digits adjacent to the fracture must be examined carefully; joint surfaces also must be examined for intra-articular fractures (Figure 3). Patients with intra-articular fractures are more likely to develop long-term complications.

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FIGURE 3.

Nondisplaced transverse fracture of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe, with a subtle intra-articular fracture of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe. Without careful scrutiny of adjacent digits, the more problematic intra-articular fracture could be missed.

FIGURE 3.

Nondisplaced transverse fracture of the proximal phalanx of the fourth toe, with a subtle intra-articular fracture of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe. Without careful scrutiny of adjacent digits, the more problematic intra-articular fracture could be missed.

Indications for Referral

Patients with circulatory compromise require emergency referral. Toe fractures of this type are rare unless there is an open injury or a high-force crushing or shearing injury. Patients with open toe fractures or fractures with overlying skin necrosis are at high risk for osteomyelitis. If there is a break in the skin near the fracture site, the wound should be examined carefully. If the wound communicates with the fracture site, the patient should be referred. In some practice sites, family physicians manage open toe fractures; a discussion about the management of this type of injury can be found elsewhere.3,4 Patients also may require referral because of delayed complications such as osteomyelitis from open fractures, persistent pain after healing, and malunion.

FRACTURES OF THE FIRST TOE

Because of the first toe’s role in weight bearing, balance, and pedal motion, fractures of this toe require referral much more often than other toe fractures. Deformity, decreased range of motion, and degenerative joint disease in this toe can impair a patient’s functional ability.

Referral is recommended for patients with first-toe fracture-dislocations, displaced intra-articular fractures, and unstable displaced fractures (i.e., fractures that spontaneously displace when traction is released following reduction). Referral also is recommended for children with first-toe fractures involving the physis.4 These injuries may require internal fixation.

Referral should be strongly considered for patients with nondisplaced intra-articular fractures involving more than 25 percent of the joint surface (Figure 4).4 These fractures may lose their position during follow-up. Even if the fragments remain nondisplaced, significant degenerative joint disease may develop.4

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FIGURE 4.

Nondisplaced intra-articular fracture of the proximal phalanx of the first toe, with a less obvious, comminuted, nondisplaced fracture of the distal phalanx.

Reprinted with permission from Eiff MP, Hatch R, Calmbach WL. Fracture management for primary care. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2003:354.

FIGURE 4.

Nondisplaced intra-articular fracture of the proximal phalanx of the first toe, with a less obvious, comminuted, nondisplaced fracture of the distal phalanx.

Reprinted with permission from Eiff MP, Hatch R, Calmbach WL. Fracture management for primary care. 2d ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2003:354.

Referral also should be considered for patients with other displaced first-toe fractures, unless the physician is comfortable with their management.

FRACTURES OF THE LESSER TOES

Although referral rarely is required for patients with fractures of the lesser toes, referral is recommended for patients with open fractures, fracture-dislocations (Figure 5), displaced intra-articular fractures, and fractures that are difficult to reduce. Referral is recommended for children with fractures involving the physis, except nondisplaced Salter-Harris type I and type II fractures (Figure 6).4

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FIGURE 5.

Fracture-dislocation of the fifth toe. The proximal phalanx is fractured, and the proximal interphalangeal joint is dislocated.

FIGURE 5.

Fracture-dislocation of the fifth toe. The proximal phalanx is fractured, and the proximal interphalangeal joint is dislocated.

FIGURE 6.

Salter-Harris classification of physeal injuries.

Patients with unstable fractures and nondisplaced, intra-articular fractures of the lesser toes that involve more than 25 percent of the joint surface (Figure 3) usually do not require referral and can be managed using the methods described in this article.

Treatment

STABLE, NONDISPLACED FRACTURES

Patients with closed, stable, nondisplaced fractures can be treated with splinting and a rigid-sole shoe to prevent joint movement. To enhance comfort, some patients prefer to cut out the part of the shoe that overlies the fractured toe. A walking cast with a toe platform may be necessary in active children and in patients with potentially unstable fractures of the first toe.

The preferred splinting technique is to buddy tape the affected toe to an adjacent toe (Figure 7).4 Treatment should continue until point tenderness is resolved, usually at least three weeks (four weeks for fractures of the first toe). Taping may be necessary for up to six weeks if healing is slow or pain persists.

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FIGURE 7.

Buddy taping of the second and third toes. Gauze padding is inserted between the toes to prevent maceration, and nail beds are exposed to avoid concealing rotational deformity.

FIGURE 7.

Buddy taping of the second and third toes. Gauze padding is inserted between the toes to prevent maceration, and nail beds are exposed to avoid concealing rotational deformity.

To control pain and swelling, patients should apply ice and elevate the affected foot for the first few days after the injury. Patients should limit icing to 20 minutes per hour so that soft tissues will not be injured. Non-narcotic analgesics usually provide adequate pain relief. Narcotic analgesics may be necessary in patients with first-toe fractures, multiple fractures, or fractures requiring reduction.

If an acute subungual hematoma is present (less than 24 hours old), decompression may relieve pain substantially. Despite theoretic risks of converting the injury to an open fracture, decompression is recommended by most experts.5 Toenails should not be removed because they act as an external splint in patients with fractures of the distal phalanx.

After the splint is discontinued, the patient should begin gentle range-of-motion (ROM) exercises with the goal of achieving the same ROM as the same toe on the opposite foot. Follow-up radiographs may be taken three to six weeks after the injury, but they generally do not influence treatment and probably are not necessary in nondisplaced toe fractures.

DISPLACED FRACTURES OF LESSER TOES

Most displaced fractures of the lesser toes can be managed by family physicians if there are no indications for referral. Although adverse outcomes can occur with toe fractures,3 disability from displaced phalanx fractures is rare.5

After anesthetizing the toe with ice or a digital block, the physician holds the tip of the toe, applies longitudinal traction, and manipulates the bone fragments into proper position. In most cases, this is done by simply adjusting the direction of traction to correct any shortening, rotation, or malalignment. To unlock fragments, it may be necessary to exaggerate the deformity slightly as traction is applied or to manipulate the fragments with one hand while the other maintains traction. Following reduction, the nail bed of the fractured toe should lie in the same plane as the nail bed of the corresponding toe on the opposite foot. If it does not, rotational deformity should be suspected. Unless it is fairly subtle, rotational deformity should be corrected by further manipulation.

The reduced fracture is splinted with buddy taping. Fracture position ideally will be maintained when traction is released, but in some cases the reduction can be held only with buddy taping. Referral is indicated if buddy taping cannot maintain adequate reduction.

DISPLACED FRACTURES OF THE FIRST TOE

Displaced fractures of the first toe generally are managed similarly to displaced fractures of the lesser toes. To minimize the possibility of future disability, the position of the bone fragments after reduction should be as close to anatomic as possible. If the reduction is unstable (i.e., the position is not maintained after traction is released), splinting should not be used to hold the reduction, and referral is indicated.

To check proper alignment, radiographs should be taken immediately after reduction and again seven to 10 days after the injury (three to five days in children).4 In patients with potentially unstable or intra-articular fractures of the first toe, follow-up radiographs should be taken weekly for two or three weeks to monitor fracture position. At the conclusion of treatment, radiographs should be repeated to document healing.

Complications

A common complication of toe fractures is persistent pain and a decreased tolerance for activity. Pain that persists longer than a few months may indicate malunion, which may limit a patient’s future activities significantly. Toe fractures, especially intra-articular fractures, can result in degenerative joint disease, and osteomyelitis is a potential complication of open fractures.

Toe And Metatarsal Fractures (Broken Toes) – Podiatrist in Muskegon, MI

The structure of the foot is complex, consisting of bones, muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues. Of the 26 bones in the foot, 19 are toe bones (phalanges) and metatarsal bones (the long bones in the midfoot). Fractures of the toe and metatarsal bones are common and require evaluation by a specialist. A foot and ankle surgeon should be seen for proper diagnosis and treatment, even if initial treatment has been received in an emergency room.

What Is a Fracture?
A fracture is a break in the bone. Fractures can be divided into two categories: traumatic fractures and stress fractures.

Traumatic fractures (also called acute fractures) are caused by a direct blow or impact, such as seriously stubbing your toe. Traumatic fractures can be displaced or non-displaced. If the fracture is displaced, the bone is broken in such a way that it has changed in position (dislocated).

Signs and symptoms of a traumatic fracture include:

• You may hear a sound at the time of the break.
• “Pinpoint pain” (pain at the place of impact) at the time the fracture occurs and perhaps for a few hours later, but often the pain goes away after several hours.
• Crooked or abnormal appearance of the toe.
• Bruising and swelling the next day.
• It is not true that “if you can walk on it, it’s not broken.” Evaluation by a foot and ankle surgeon is always recommended.

Stress fractures are tiny, hairline breaks that are usually caused by repetitive stress. Stress fractures often afflict athletes who, for example, too rapidly increase their running mileage. They can also be caused by an abnormal foot structure, deformities, or osteoporosis. Improper footwear may also lead to stress fractures. Stress fractures should not be ignored. They require proper medical attention to heal correctly.

Symptoms of stress fractures include:

• Pain with or after normal activity
• Pain that goes away when resting and then returns when standing or during activity
• “Pinpoint pain” (pain at the site of the fracture) when touched
• Swelling, but no bruising

Consequences of Improper Treatment
Some people say that “the doctor can’t do anything for a broken bone in the foot.” This is usually not true. In fact, if a fractured toe or metatarsal bone is not treated correctly, serious complications may develop. For example:

• A deformity in the bony architecture which may limit the ability to move the foot or cause difficulty in fitting shoes
• Arthritis, which may be caused by a fracture in a joint (the juncture where two bones meet), or may be a result of angular deformities that develop when a displaced fracture is severe or hasn’t been properly corrected
• Chronic pain and deformity
• Non-union, or failure to heal, can lead to subsequent surgery or chronic pain.

Treatment of Toe Fractures
Fractures of the toe bones are almost always traumatic fractures. Treatment for traumatic fractures depends on the break itself and may include these options:

• Rest. Sometimes rest is all that is needed to treat a traumatic fracture of the toe.
• Splinting. The toe may be fitted with a splint to keep it in a fixed position.
• Rigid or stiff-soled shoe. Wearing a stiff-soled shoe protects the toe and helps keep it properly positioned.
• “Buddy taping” the fractured toe to another toe is sometimes appropriate, but in other cases it may be harmful.
• Surgery. If the break is badly displaced or if the joint is affected, surgery may be necessary. Surgery often involves the use of fixation devices, such as pins.

Treatment of Metatarsal Fractures
Breaks in the metatarsal bones may be either stress or traumatic fractures. Certain kinds of fractures of the metatarsal bones present unique challenges.

For example, sometimes a fracture of the first metatarsal bone (behind the big toe) can lead to arthritis. Since the big toe is used so frequently and bears more weight than other toes, arthritis in that area can make it painful to walk, bend, or even stand.

Another type of break, called a Jones fracture, occurs at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone (behind the little toe). It is often misdiagnosed as an ankle sprain, and misdiagnosis can have serious consequences since sprains and fractures require different treatments. Your foot and ankle surgeon is an expert in correctly identifying these conditions as well as other problems of the foot.

Treatment of metatarsal fractures depends on the type and extent of the fracture, and may include:

• Rest. Sometimes rest is the only treatment needed to promote healing of a stress or traumatic fracture of a metatarsal bone.
• Avoid the offending activity. Because stress fractures result from repetitive stress, it is important to avoid the activity that led to the fracture. Crutches or a wheelchair are sometimes required to offload weight from the foot to give it time to heal.
• Immobilization, casting, or rigid shoe. A stiff-soled shoe or other form of immobilization may be used to protect the fractured bone while it is healing.
• Surgery. Some traumatic fractures of the metatarsal bones require surgery, especially if the break is badly displaced.
• Follow-up care. Your foot and ankle surgeon will provide instructions for care following surgical or non-surgical treatment. Physical therapy, exercises and rehabilitation may be included in a schedule for return to normal activities.

For more information on broken toes, listen to the Broken Toes podcast. 

Toe and Metatarsal Fractures (Broken toes)

The structure of the foot is complex, consisting of bones, muscles, tendons and other soft tissues. Of the 28 bones in the foot, 19 are toe bones (phalanges) and metatarsal bones (the long bones in the midfoot). Fractures of the toe and metatarsal bones are common and require evaluation by a specialist. A foot and ankle surgeon should be seen for proper diagnosis and treatment, even if initial treatment has been received in an emergency room.

What Is a Fracture?
A fracture is a break in the bone. Fractures can be divided into two categories: traumatic fractures and stress fractures.

Traumatic fractures (also called acute fractures) are caused by a direct blow or impact, such as seriously stubbing your toe. Traumatic fractures can be displaced or nondisplaced. If the fracture is displaced, the bone is broken in such a way that it has changed in position (malpositioned).

Signs and symptoms of a traumatic fracture include:

• You may hear a sound at the time of the break.
• “Pinpoint pain” (pain at the place of impact) at the time the fracture occurs and perhaps for a few hours later, but often the pain goes away after several hours.
• Crooked or abnormal appearance of the toe.
• Bruising and swelling the next day.
• It is not true that “if you can walk on it, it’s not broken.” Evaluation by a foot and ankle surgeon is always recommended.

Stress fractures are tiny, hairline breaks that are usually caused by repetitive stress. Stress fractures often afflict athletes who, for example, too rapidly increase their running mileage. They can also be caused by an abnormal foot structure, deformities or osteoporosis. Improper footwear may also lead to stress fractures. Stress fractures should not be ignored. They require proper medical attention to heal correctly.

Symptoms of stress fractures include:

• Pain with or after normal activity
• Pain that goes away when resting and then returns when standing or during activity
• “Pinpoint pain” (pain at the site of the fracture) when touched
• Swelling but no bruising

Consequences of Improper Treatment
Some people say that “the doctor can’t do anything for a broken bone in the foot.” This is usually not true. In fact, if a fractured toe or metatarsal bone is not treated correctly, serious complications may develop. For example:

• A deformity in the bony architecture which may limit the ability to move the foot or cause difficulty in fitting shoes
• Arthritis, which may be caused by a fracture in a joint (the juncture where two bones meet), or may be a result of angular deformities that develop when a displaced fracture is severe or hasn’t been properly corrected
• Chronic pain and deformity
• Non-union, or failure to heal, can lead to subsequent surgery or chronic pain.

Treatment of Toe Fractures
Fractures of the toe bones are almost always traumatic fractures. Treatment for traumatic fractures depends on the break itself and may include these options:

• Rest. Sometimes rest is all that is needed to treat a traumatic fracture of the toe.
• Splinting. The toe may be fitted with a splint to keep it in a fixed position.
• Rigid or stiff-soled shoe. Wearing a stiff-soled shoe protects the toe and helps keep it properly positioned. Use of a postoperative shoe or bootwalker is also helpful.
• “Buddy taping” the fractured toe to another toe is sometimes appropriate, but in other cases it may be harmful.
• Surgery. If the break is badly displaced or if the joint is affected, surgery may be necessary. Surgery often involves the use of fixation devices, such as pins.

Treatment of Metatarsal Fractures
Breaks in the metatarsal bones may be either stress or traumatic fractures. Certain kinds of fractures of the metatarsal bones present unique challenges.

For example, sometimes a fracture of the first metatarsal bone (behind the big toe) can lead to arthritis. Since the big toe is used so frequently and bears more weight than other toes, arthritis in that area can make it painful to walk, bend, or even stand.

Another type of break, called a Jones fracture, occurs at the base of the fifth metatarsal bone (behind the little toe). It is often misdiagnosed as an ankle sprain, and misdiagnosis can have serious consequences since sprains and fractures require different treatments. Your foot and ankle surgeon is an expert in correctly identifying these conditions as well as other problems of the foot.

Treatment of metatarsal fractures depends on the type and extent of the fracture, and may include:

• Rest. Sometimes rest is the only treatment needed to promote healing of a stress or traumatic fracture of a metatarsal bone.
• Avoid the offending activity. Because stress fractures result from repetitive stress, it is important to avoid the activity that led to the fracture. Crutches or a wheelchair are sometimes required to offload weight from the foot to give it time to heal.
• Immobilization, casting, or rigid shoe. A stiff-soled shoe or other form of immobilization may be used to protect the fractured bone while it is healing. Use of a postoperative shoe or bootwalker is also helpful.
• Surgery. Some traumatic fractures of the metatarsal bones require surgery, especially if the break is badly displaced.
• Follow-up care. Your foot and ankle surgeon will provide instructions for care following surgical or nonsurgical treatment. Physical therapy, exercises and rehabilitation may be included in a schedule for return to normal activities.

For more information on broken toes, listen to the Broken Toes podcast. 

Podiatry, Orthopedics, & Physical Therapy

TOE FRACTURES
By: Robert H. Sheinberg, D.P.M., D.A.B.F.A.S., F.A.C.F.A.S.

Fractures of the toes are very common in patients of all ages. The toes are very vulnerable to fractures, especially walk even around their house barefooted. Toes can hit a table, chair or wall. The patient will feel a crack in the bone and the toe may often appear to be out of place.

Fractures of the toes are also common when something drops on the toes or if the toes are stepped on. These bones are very small and are very vulnerable to excessive stress or heavy objects.

Pain, swelling and slight deformity are most commonly seen. Patients will often see a toe slightly out of place and put it back in place and tape the toes together. X-rays are usually necessary to evaluate the extent of the injury. In some cases nothing can be done except for taping the toe and placing it in a comfortable shoe. Other times the fracture can be bad enough to require a small pin to be placed through the toe to stabilize the fracture or an open reduction and internal fixation to fix the toe and prevent long-term problems. Fractures of the big toe are more serious conditions. This usually occurs from a heavy object falling on the toe. Fractures can cause the joint surface into the big toe joint or in the toe itself to become disrupted. They need to be evaluated and treated to prevent arthritis in these areas.

Conservative care may be as simple as a boot or cast to unload the fractured big toe. Surgery may also be necessary to place more pins or screws in the area and allow the bones to heal primarily. This would avoid long-term problems.

Crush injuries to the toes from a heavy object falling on them can be significant injuries. The bone can be fractured and even point through the skin causing an open fracture. If present they need to be evaluated and treated immediately. These are considered surgical emergencies. It is important to clean out these wounds that have been opened. Repair of the fractures is often necessary coupled with treatment of any tendon injuries that may accompany the traumatic event. The long-term prognosis is depending on the degree of injury to the area. If arthritis develops in any toe joint, then surgery may be necessary to correct the problem and prevent pain and deformity.

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Toe Fractures | Metatarsal Fractures | Broken Toe | Broken Foot

Fractures of the toe and metatarsal bones of the foot are quite common, and are a very common sports injury. If you have a fracture, it means that the bone is broken – anything from a small crack to a bone that has changed its position and broken through the skin.

Fractures are placed into one of two categories: Stress fractures and Traumatic fractures.

A stress fracture, sometimes called a hairline fracture, is an injury caused by overuse – muscles become fatigued, are unable to absorb extra shock or weight, and eventually transfer the overload to the bone, causing a tiny crack. Stress fractures typically occur when the amount or intensity of an activity (like running) is increased too quickly. They’re also common in sports when a player switches from a soft surface to a hard surface; in sedentary individuals who suddenly start exercising intensively; and in the elderly whose bones have been weakened by osteoporosis.

Stress fractures at first may be barely noticeable, but they will worsen over time without proper treatment. A stress fracture which isn’t allowed to heal properly may lead to a traumatic fracture.

Symptoms of stress fractures include

• Swelling
• Pain
• Tenderness in a specific area
• Increased pain and swelling with activity
• Pain begins earlier with each workout

Treatment for stress fractures

Your podiatrist at PA Foot and Ankle Associates may recommend one or more of these treatments to manage your stress fracture:

• Rest (bone healing is delayed or prevented by continuing to put weight on it)
• Ice if the area is bruised or swollen
• Immobilization and protection with a walking boot, air cast, or crutches
• Physical therapy after the bone is healed to increase muscle strength
• Surgery with screws or pins if fracture is severe

How to avoid a stress fracture

• Add intensity and distance incrementally to your workout – a good rule of thumb is no more than 10% each week. Adding weight and stress to a bone slowly allows it to build tolerance to the stress
• Cross-training, like alternating bike riding with running, can help to prevent stress fractures
• Strengthening exercises in the feet and legs keep muscles from becoming fatigued quickly and are more able to withstand strain
• Wear properly fitting and padded athletic shoes to absorb shock
• Exercise on soft surfaces like grass, dirt, or clay whenever possible
• Eat correctly – nutrition plays a key role in bone development, and bones are always building and repairing. Make sure to include calcium and vitamin D-rich foods in your diet

A Traumatic Fracture, also called an acute fracture or break, is caused by a direct blow or impact, or by a sudden twisting movement. Traumatic fractures are considered either stable, with no shift in bone alignment; or displaced, where the bone has visibly moved its position.

Symptoms of a traumatic fracture may include

Your podiatrist at PA Foot and Ankle Associates may recommend one or more of these treatments to manage your traumatic fracture:

• A “cracking” sound at the time of the injury
• Pain at the site of impact which may increase with movement or use
• Skin at area of injury may be pale
• Crooked or abnormal appearance of the toe
• Bruising and swelling
• If severe, numbness or tingling sensations below the fractured area

Treatment of traumatic fractures in toes or metatarsals may include

• Rest
• Ice to reduce swelling
• Pain medications
• Splinting
• Fracture reduction to realign bone in proper position (metatarsals only)
• Immobilization with “Buddy taping” fractured toe to adjacent toe, or if metatarsals, short-leg walking cast, brace, or rigid shoe
• In severe cases, surgery with screw or pin

Consequences of improper healing of a stress fracture or traumatic fracture

• The old adage “if you can walk on it, it isn’t broken”, is far from the truth. Always have a fracture evaluated by a podiatric surgeon
• A fracture which doesn’t heal correctly can lead to arthritis, making the fractured area painful even after healing
• A deformity in the bony architecture which may limit the ability to move the foot
• Chronic pain and deformity
• Injury of the fractured area a second time

A stress fracture or traumatic fracture of the toes or foot should always be examined and treated by a podiatric surgeon, even if you were first treated in an emergency room. A podiatric surgeon, specifically trained in the complexities of the foot and ankle, is the most appropriate physician to develop a treatment plan for your fracture.

90,000 CSKA football player Ignashevich will return to the field within a week

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CSKA football player Ignashevich will return to the field within a week

CSKA football player Ignashevich will return to the field within a week – RIA Novosti Sport, 03.09.2019

CSKA football player Ignashevich will return to the field within a week

CSKA Moscow defender Sergei Ignashevich will start training in the general group this week, according to the official website of the football club.

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sports, injuries, Russian Premier League (rpl), pfc cska, sergey revyakin , mark gonzalez, sergey ignashevich, alan dzagoev

16:13 04/26/2012 (updated: 19:24 03.09.2019)

CSKA Moscow defender Sergei Ignashevich will start training in the general group this week, according to the official website of the football club.

Khimki will play away with Olympiacos, CSKA will host Bavaria – Rossiyskaya Gazeta

On Thursday, within the 19th round of the Euroleague regular championship, one of the CSKA leaders will host German Bavaria in the capital Megasport, Moscow region “Khimki” on the road in Greece will fight with “Olympiacos” from the port suburb of Athens, Piraeus.

The quality of Khimki’s play largely depends on the condition of one of the team’s leaders, Anthony Gill. Photo: Mikhail Sinitsyn / RG

CSKA’s main task in the regular season is to enter the quartet of the strongest teams in order to gain the advantage of their site in the playoffs. From the fifth place, which is occupied by the rival of “Khimki” “Olympiacos”, the “red-blues” are now separated by two victories. The Moscow Region basketball players are now one step away from the group of teams that are on the border of the playoff zone, so the possible victory of Georgios Bartzokas’ wards in Greece will be of double value – the Khimki team will help themselves and the army team.

It was with the match against Olympiacos in Mytishchi that the Bartzokas team discovered the current season of the Euroleague and then lost a lot – 66:87.

In 2013, Bartzokas led Olympiacos to the title of the best team in the Old World, in Piraeus they still treat him with special warmth. In the role of the head coach of the Greek team, now the former helmsman of the Russian national team David Blatt, who with our national squad won the gold medal of the 2007 European Championship and the bronze medal of the 2012 London Olympics.Until now, for our fans, Blatt is an indisputable authority. Any of his successes with foreign clubs are perceived in Russia with great respect.

Teams in the Euroleague have met each other nine times, the game score – 6: 3 in favor of Olympiacos, with the Piraeus winning all four home games. Five people from the current line-up performed under the leadership of Bartzokas – Vasilis Spanulis, Kostas Papanikolaou, Georgios Printezis, Vangelis Mantsaris and Dimitros Agravanis. From the team’s legionnaires, we note the American center Zach Ledey.He usually comes into the game from the bench, but this does not prevent him from being the second best scorer of Olympiacos in the Euroleague. His Serbian counterpart Nikola Milutinov is also extremely dangerous. The Latvians Janis Timma and Janis Strelnieks, who played in the United League for the St. Petersburg team, are well known to our fans.

Khimki are still playing without the injured leader Alexei Shved. The period of his recovery after a fracture of the little finger turned out to be longer than the doctors initially thought.In general, injuries and illnesses of the leading performers frankly tortured Khimki players this season. Quite recently, Anthony Gill, who was unwell, missed the last United League match with CSKA, and the coaches took care of Tony Crocker, who felt pain in his leg. And three Russians – Andrei Zubkov, Sergei Monya and Yegor Vyaltsev – were forced to play with severe colds.

CSKA has been unstable in the Euroleague lately. After eight consecutive victories at the start of the tournament, there was a defeat for every two matches played.In the 18th round, the fiasco was especially painful. Muscovites lost to the Israeli “Maccabi” (Tel Aviv) on their site as much as 17 points – 76:93. So the “red and blue” owe their fans.

Khimki mentor Bartzokas led Olympiacos to victory in the Euroleague, the helmsman of the Greek club Blatt from the Russian national team took the gold for the 2007 EURO

All three previous meetings with Bayern in the Old World club championship CSKA won, including including the first round match of this season – 93:79 in Munich.

Where will we watch

January 17, Thursday, Match TV

19.55. CSKA Moscow – Bayern Munich (Germany). Live Stream.

“MATCH! Arena”

21.55. Olympiacos (Greece) – Khimki. Live Stream.

Rehabilitation period after a displaced finger fracture. Finger development after fracture

Fracture of a finger is a common type of injury that many people have encountered, but not everyone knows how to correctly and safely develop a finger after a fracture without causing harm.Today, there is a huge number of different techniques and methods designed for the speedy restoration of full-fledged motor activity of a broken limb.

But before getting acquainted with the basic exercises for developing an injured toe after a fracture, you need to learn about the types and main symptoms of this type of injury.

What is a broken toe?

Violation of the integrity of this bone can occur on the upper and lower extremities.Every finger can break at a time when no one expects it. The occurrence of such an injury is practically not affected by the age and occupation of a person. This is possible even in everyday life, when a person clumsily gets up or accidentally hits something. Most often, such an injury occurs in people who are fond of active and aggressive sports, since the load on their limbs is significantly increased.

A limb fracture in most cases occurs when a person hits it on something or drops a heavy object on it.It is almost impossible to be aware of and protect yourself from such an injury.

Bones of a tubular character are located in the fingers of a person, the fusion of which occurs quite simply and quickly. The main purpose of the hands is to touch and touch various objects, therefore, various injuries to the fingers bring great discomfort to a person.

There are two main types of fractures:

• Open fracture;
• Closed fracture.

The course of the patient’s treatment will completely depend on what type of fracture the doctor determines.The most difficult type of this injury is considered to be a displacement fracture. After it, the restoration of the full functionality of the bone can be delayed for a rather long period of time, and in some especially difficult cases, surgery may also be required to speed up the process of proper bone fusion.

The main signs of a violation of the integrity of the finger are:

• Unpleasant sensations and aching pain, which is felt not only at the site of injury, but also in the entire upper or lower limb and becomes stronger if you touch the wound;
• The occurrence of swelling at the site of the injury;
• Discoloration of the skin around the fracture;
• Inability to fully move the injured limb, bend it completely.This is easy to determine if you try to put your hands, palms down, on a flat surface. If the bone is broken, it will not be able to lie flat.
• Deformation of the finger.

With an open fracture, slightly different symptoms are observed, namely:

• Prolonged and monotonous pain;
• Skin redness;
• Increased body temperature;
• Discharge and foul odor from the injury site.

If the doctor diagnoses a finger fracture, an X-ray examination is mandatory, which confirms the diagnosis and determines its type (transverse, spiral or comminuted).The most difficult to determine are the injuries of the joints and cracks in the bone without displacement.

How to properly develop a toe after a fracture?

After completing the course of treatment, consideration should also be given to how to develop the toe after a fracture. If the functions of the broken organs are not restored, this can extremely negatively affect the performance of the entire arm. The course of rehabilitation in each individual case is drawn up by the attending physician, but it should be started immediately after removing the plaster. Usually, rehabilitation after a fracture includes massages and physiotherapy procedures.

• Fold your hands, palms down, and try to alternately lift each finger up;
• In the same position, try to spread your fingers apart and return them to their original position;
• After a finger is broken, it is useful to perform circular movements with its tip on a hard surface;
• Raise your hands up and alternately spread your fingers to the sides and bring them closer to each other again;
• For better fracture recovery, try bringing all your fingers together, as if you want to take something small and relax again;
• Reach up to the thumb with each finger to make a circle;
• Bend fingers 2 and 5, and at this time just take 1 to the side;
• Make a fist and open it sharply (this exercise will be more beneficial if done in water).

Also, the rehabilitation process will speed up the implementation of some daily activities, such as:

• To develop fingers after a fracture will help sorting out various types of croup;
• Playing with a rosary;
• Children’s designer assemblies with small details;
• Working with the keyboard and playing musical instruments;
• Exercises with an expander.

All these exercises should be performed several times every day, it is better to do them in warm water with sea salt, and then lubricate the injury site with an anti-inflammatory cream.

If after a fracture the finger does not bend, all the efforts of the patient and the doctor should be directed towards the complete restoration of its functions. With such an injury, as a rule, the method of fixing the diseased part of the body is used. Due to the imposed splint or plaster, it remains stationary for a long time, therefore, over time, it loses its mobility.

Exercises, during which the fractured phalanges are developed, as well as other auxiliary techniques, contribute to the complete restoration of functions.

This helps to prevent the occurrence of an unpleasant cosmetic defect and also:

• pain syndrome;
• calluses;
• post-traumatic polyarthritis.

Rehabilitation after a fracture is an important and necessary event. The main thing is not to overload the diseased part of the body.

Restorative gymnastics

In order to develop a fractured finger and restore its motor functions, it is necessary to perform special physical exercises.

Although only one finger was broken, the entire hand must be worked out. This is important for the reason that she was immobilized for a long time.

To develop fingers after a fracture, do the following exercises.

1. Rub your hands together with gentle, massage movements for several minutes. This exercise is necessary to warm up the diseased limb.
2. Straighten your fingers and connect so that you get a shoulder blade. With slow movements, begin to rotate the brushes, first in one direction and then in the other direction. Do the exercise for 3-5 minutes.
3. You can use this technique to develop fingers after a fracture. Place your hands on a hard surface, palms down. Make circular motions with your fingertips.
4. Reach the tip of your thumb with each finger alternately.

Such exercises can and should be performed regardless of which finger was broken – little finger, thumb, forefinger, etc. Do not overdo it – as soon as you feel that your hand is tired, the exercise should be stopped.

Assisted rehabilitation methods

Developing a toe after suffering a fracture requires more than just performing special exercises. Along with exercise, you need to carry out other activities. Doctors in this case recommend:

• work with small objects: sort out cereals or collect scattered matches;
• to type on a computer keyboard or mechanical typewriter;
• to play the guitar or piano;
• to collect puzzles, mosaics, small constructors;
• to be engaged in needlework – knitting, embroidery, etc.

Well suited for rehabilitation manual expander.

Length of rehabilitation period and precautions

Rehabilitation after a finger fracture will take approximately 1 month for the patient. All of the above exercises and additional restorative techniques will be beneficial for any type of injury.

When performing gymnastics, you must:

• avoid sudden movements of the diseased limb;
• create only a feasible load on the damaged part of the body;
• do not overwork the injured finger;
• Do no more than 4 sets of each exercise per day.

In order for a sore finger to begin to recover faster, it is necessary to exercise regularly. You cannot stop activity when the first signs of improvement have been noticed – it is important to wait until the affected bone is fully developed.

Helpful Video of Finger Development Exercises

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The human hand has always been considered the main tool for any activity, it is for this reason that a fracture of a finger on a hand is one of the most common types of fracture.Very often, a finger injury occurs as a result of an incorrect blow, a fall from a height, even of one’s own growth, when fingers get into mechanical devices and other devices. All these factors can provoke a fracture of the phalanges of the fingers on the hand.

For a fracture of any localization, there is a single typical pathogenetic mechanism, which consists in the predominance of kinetic energy directed perpendicular to the axis of the bone. As a result of improper distribution of energy, deformation occurs first, and then a fracture of the bone element, which has undergone mechanical stress.

Anatomical background

The human hand is designed in such a way that it has all three degrees of freedom and has incredible mobility and flexibility. All this is the result of human evolutionary development. The bones of the hand are a large number of small tubular bones – phalanges, which are connected by small joints and give the fingers a high degree of mobility. Each finger of the hand consists of three phalanges: distal or terminal, middle and proximal, which is closest to the hand.The small tubular bones of the fingers are rather fragile in comparison with the rest of the bones of the body, which is why it is quite common for a finger to be fractured on the hand.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

It is not difficult for most people to identify a broken finger, because this injury has very characteristic signs and symptoms. As a rule, all fractures of the phalanges of the fingers belong to the closed type of fractures and are not accompanied by pronounced external changes on the side of the fingers.An open fracture of a finger is quite rare and in most cases is associated with an occupational or household injury. When a finger is exposed to aggressive mechanical stress.

How to determine the presence of a fracture yourself? Symptoms typical of a fracture include the following:

• pain syndrome. Sharp soreness at the time of the fracture and subsequently in the projection of the fracture makes one think, first of all, of a fracture, and not a bruise or dislocation.It is worth noting that the pain increases sharply with any attempt to move in a broken finger;
• dysfunction. Due to a significantly pronounced pain syndrome, the injured person is not able to bend or unbend the broken finger, moreover, movement disturbance occurs as a result of a violation of the anatomical integrity;
• edema. Edema can appear as an independent symptom, but more often it is combined with internal hemorrhage from small vessels surrounding the bone, which leads to the development of a hematoma;
• crepitus of bone fragments.When pressed in the projection of the fracture, weak crunching sounds often occur, which experts call crepitation of bone fragments. This sign makes it possible to identify a fracture with a high probability.

These signs of a finger fracture on the hand provide reliable data on the fracture.

However, all these symptoms cannot accurately confirm the clinical diagnosis of a finger fracture; this requires special instrumental studies.Deformation of the phalanx may not always be obvious due to a number of reasons: the fracture can be without displacement, or significant swelling from the hematoma can mask the fracture zone. In this case, the deformation will not be visualized.

In the field of traumatology, the gold standard for confirming a fracture is the use of radiography in two projections. Radiography allows you to confirm with absolute accuracy the type of fracture, the degree of its complexity and localization. Let’s take a closer look at fractures affecting specific fingers.

Thumb

It is quite common and occurs in most cases when it hits a hard surface incorrectly. An improperly clenched fist, when the thumb is in a bent position under the rest of the fingers, leads to a fracture of the proximal phalanx and can be combined with a dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joint. In some cases, the fracture occurs from a severe bruise, such as falling on an arm. Usually, a fracture of the thumb is accompanied by severe pain, and movement in it is sharply limited.Sometimes, with severe muscle spasm, the displacement of the proximal fragment can be quite significant. Which leads to severe deformity of the hand in the area of ​​the thumb.

Index, middle, ring fingers

Fractures of the phalanges of these fingers in an isolated form are rare and practically do not differ from each other. In most cases, the middle or proximal phalanx undergoes a fracture, and there is no obvious displacement of bone fragments, since the ligamentous and muscular apparatus of these fingers is much less developed than that of the thumb.

Little finger

In terms of trauma and the frequency of fractures, the little finger is in second place after the thumb. The mechanism of fracture of the little finger is associated with an unsuccessful fall from any height when a person attempts to rest his hand on a hard surface. Also, a fracture of the little finger can occur directly from a blow with a blunt and hard object on the victim’s hand.

First aid for a broken finger consists of several sequential measures that help to ensure the safety of the victim until specialized medical care is provided.

The first step is to eliminate the directly traumatic factor and try to protect yourself if the injury is industrial. It is imperative to ensure the rest of the injured limb, do not try to move your arm, let alone the hand. It is advisable to fix the arm in two nearby joints in order to reduce the possibility of movement of the bone fragments. If there is bleeding from an open fracture, a tourniquet or pressure bandage should be placed above the wound to stop the bleeding.To reduce the volume of hematoma and edema, as well as for anesthetic purposes, a cold object, preferably an ice pack, should be applied in the projection of the fracture. You can drink any drug with an analgesic effect, for example, Baralgin or Ketorol.

Specialized fracture treatment

After X-ray examination, a traumatologist determines the type of fracture and the presence of displacement of fragments. After that, it is necessary to make the correct reposition of bone fragments with traction along the axis of the limb.Correct alignment of the fragments is the main factor for fast and effective bone healing in the fracture zone. Usually reduction or, in other words, bone fragments are compared under local regional anesthesia with novocaine. For children or with severe pain syndrome, it is possible to use general anesthesia – short-term anesthesia. After the planned reduction, a plaster cast or splint is applied, which allows the fragments to be rigidly fixed in the correct position. For correct fixation, a plaster cast is applied to the entire finger, which has undergone a fracture and the wrist joint of the hand.

After the application and hardening of the plaster cast, a control X-ray is taken in two projections to confirm the correct alignment of the bone fragments of the finger.

In case of complex forms of fracture, traumatologists resort to surgical treatment. Surgical intervention is aimed at restoring bone integrity using fixing pins or external osteosynthesis with plates. In this case, the needles and plates are installed for up to 3 weeks in case of an isolated fracture.Then they are removed, and the patient continues to wear a plaster cast for another 4-5 weeks.

Fracture without displacement

The most common and minor fractures of the phalanges of the fingers of the hand can be cured without the use of a plaster cast. For their treatment, special fixation splints are used, named after the author – the Beler splint. Wearing a splint shortens the time required for callus consolidation and roughly halves the period of hand immobility compared to wearing a plaster cast.

Rehabilitation after a broken finger

It is important to follow the rules of rehabilitation after a broken finger. The quality of further functional activity of the hand depends on the rehabilitation. As a result of prolonged wearing of fixing bandages, the muscles of the hand and forearm undergo hypotrophy and significantly weaken, and the ligamentous apparatus needs to be developed. To restore fine motor skills of the hand, you will have to make some volitional efforts, but this is quite within the power of any person.

Of the exercises aimed at the rehabilitation of victims after a fracture of a finger on the hand, the following can be recommended:

• kneading and fingering small grains of rice or any other grains with the fingers of the injured hand. Efforts must be made to grab more grains and, without spilling, bring them to another cup;
• Rolling out a piece of plasticine with your fingers. An excellent exercise for training weakened muscles of the hand and forearm. It is necessary to roll a small piece of plasticine to the shape of a long sausage.To complicate the exercise, you can use more voluminous pieces of plasticine;
• isolated finger lift. To do this, you need to firmly press your palm against the table. Having fixed it, it is necessary to alternately raise the fingers up, as high as possible.

Another important factor in effective recovery is proper nutrition. The moment of recovery is associated with additional costs of the body for the formation of callus. For this reason, during treatment and recovery, it is necessary to try to consume dairy and meat products that are rich in proteins and calcium necessary for bones.

Prevention of fractures

In order to avoid a broken finger, simple rules must be followed.

1. Always observe safety precautions when working with household and industrial mechanical appliances. Basic knowledge of the rules will help you avoid such unpleasant injuries as a fracture of the phalanges of the hand.
2. Exercise your hand and forearm muscles to help strengthen your bones. Use a variety of wrist and finger resistance bands, exercise, and stretch your fingers.
3. Keep your fist correctly if defending yourself without clenching your thumb in the palm of your hand.
4. Eat right. Nutrition should not only be balanced, but also rich in nutrients, micro and macronutrients, and vitamins.

No one is insured against fractures of fingers. A fracture is generally unpleasant and difficult to treat. Here we will focus on broken fingers. Each finger of the human hand has its own structure, which is different from the rest.Consequently, finger fractures will vary significantly.

Need to develop fingers after injury

When treating a fracture of any of the fingers of the hand, a plaster cast is applied to a significant part of the hand, limiting its mobility. Such a bandage is worn for four weeks – this time is enough for the bones to heal and the pain goes away completely.

Now the primary task is to develop the fingers and the limb as a whole, because while wearing the plaster cast, their mobility is significantly reduced.After a fracture, the finger is poorly bent and numb.

Do not immediately and abruptly load the arm – this can lead to repeated injury. The load should be increased gradually and be extremely gentle.

Here we will give and discuss the simplest set of exercises that allows you to return mobility to your fingers after a fracture:

1. The simplest exercise is the cereal exercise. At the same time, the patient scoops up the cereal with handfuls and moves it into another container. You can first use peas or beans instead of cereals.Each subsequent time you need to try to take more and more cereals (peas or beans). During the exercise, small movements of the hand are developed, and the broken finger gradually begins to bend.
2. It is useful to spread and connect fingers. The exercise begins to be done slowly, gradually increasing the speed of movements.
3. Perform circular movements with each finger, first in one direction, then in the other direction.
4. Finger snapping is also a good exercise for developing limbs after injury.
5. It is also useful to clench (or at least try) the palm into a fist, and then sharply straighten it. Such manipulations can be carried out in warm water (up to 40 degrees), which will increase the load and improve the result of such exercises.
6. You can bend your fingers in half – make “claws”, and then sharply straighten them. It is recommended to do this quickly and abruptly.

In addition to special exercises, various kinds of small work can help a limb after an injury. This can be sorting out croup, picking up matches, working at a computer keyboard and playing keyboards and stringed musical instruments, various types of handicrafts (knitting, embroidery, applique), collecting a constructor, puzzles or mosaics.

A hand-held expander works very well in this case. However, with such a load, it is important not to overdo it.

Caveats

No matter how intense the exercise, it takes about 30 days to recover from a fracture after removing the cast. Do not overstrain the limb to avoid complications. In parallel with the exercises of physiotherapy exercises, massage and physiotherapy are prescribed. The rehabilitation program must be coordinated with the attending physician, since the usefulness and performance of the hand directly depends on its effectiveness.

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” Movement is life “- this ingenious phrase belongs to the great philosopher Aristotle.

Its genius is that it is applicable in all spheres of our life and, in particular, in medicine. For example, when a broken upper limb is immobilized for a long time.

On the one hand, it is necessary for the fracture to heal, but on the other hand, the lack of movement inevitably leads to circulatory disorders, muscle atrophy.

But the hand is the most working organ of a person. Only the implementation of the exercises of medical gymnastics can return it to its previous functionality.

In this article, you will learn how to develop an arm after a fracture.

Therapeutic exercises after a fracture of the humerus

Working out an arm after a fracture with the help of a special complex of medical gymnastics is the most important component of rehabilitation treatment. The time and completeness of restoration of the limb function depends on its quality.

Gangrene

Gangrene is necrosis (death) of body tissues due to lack of blood flow or bacterial infection. Gangrene most often affects the limbs, including the fingers, feet, or the entire limb, but it can also develop in muscles and internal organs.

The risk of developing gangrene is generally higher if you have a medical condition that can damage blood vessels and impair blood flow, such as diabetes and atherosclerosis.

Treatment of gangrene includes surgical excision of necrotic tissue, antibiotic therapy and other methods. The prognosis for recovery is better if gangrene is detected early and treatment is started quickly.

SYMPTOMS

Signs and symptoms of skin gangrene are as follows:

• discoloration of the skin – from pale to blue, purple, black, bronze or red, depending on the type of gangrene;
• severe pain, followed by a feeling of numbness;
• Unpleasant odor from the affected part of the skin.

If you have a type of gangrene affecting tissues located under the skin, such as gas gangrene or gangrene of the internal organs, you will notice that:

1. The affected tissue becomes swollen and painful.
2. You feel hot and sick.

A condition called septic shock can develop if a bacterial infection in gangrenous tissue spreads throughout the body. Signs and symptoms of septic shock include:

• low blood pressure;
• body temperature is higher than 38 ° C or lower than 36 ° C;
• heart palpitations;
• dizziness;
• shortness of breath;
• Confused consciousness.

REASONS

Gangrene can develop for one or more reasons:

• Lack of blood supply. Blood provides oxygen and nutrients to cells, as well as components of the immune system, antibodies that prevent infections. Without a proper blood supply, cells cannot survive and tissues are destroyed.
• Infection. If bacteria multiply unhindered for a long time, infection can itself lead to tissue necrosis, causing gangrene.

Types of gangrene

Dry gangrene. Dry gangrene is characterized by dry and wrinkled skin, ranging in color from brown to purplish blue to black. Dry gangrene usually develops slowly. This occurs most often in people with blood vessel disorders such as atherosclerosis.
Wet gangrene. Gangrene is called “wet” if there is a bacterial infection in the affected tissue. Swelling, blistering, and moist-looking tissues are common features of wet gangrene.It can develop after severe burns, frostbite, or injury. Common in people with diabetes who accidentally injure a toe or foot. Wet gangrene must be treated immediately because it spreads quickly and can be fatal.

Gas gangrene. Gas gangrene usually affects deep muscle tissue. In gas gangrene, the surface of the skin may be normal at first. As the condition progresses, the skin may turn pale and then gray or purplish red.The affected skin may make a slight crackling sound due to the gas in the tissues. Gas gangrene is usually caused by the bacterium Clostridium perfringens, which develops in areas of trauma or surgical wound that have a poor blood supply. The bacterial infection produces toxins that release gas – hence the name “gas” gangrene – and the cause of tissue death. Like wet gangrene, gas gangrene is life-threatening.

Gangrene of internal organs. Gangrene affecting one or more organs, most often the intestines, gallbladder or appendix, is called gangrene of the internal organs.This type of gangrene occurs when blood flow to an internal organ is blocked, for example, when part of the intestine bulges through a weakened area of ​​muscles in the abdomen (hernia) and twists. Gangrene of the internal organs often causes fever and severe pain. Internal gangrene can be fatal if left untreated.

Fournier gangrene. Fournier’s gangrene is a rare form of gangrene that affects the genitals. Men are affected more often, but women can also develop this type of gangrene.Fournier’s gangrene usually results from an infection in the genital and urinary tract area and causes genital pain, redness, and swelling.

Synergistic gangrene of Meleney. This rare type of gangrene usually develops 1–2 weeks after surgery, with painful skin lesions.

RISK FACTORS

Some factors that increase the risk of developing gangrene. These include:

• Age. Gangrene is much more common in older people.
• Diabetes. If you have diabetes, your body does not make enough of the hormone insulin (which helps the cell get sugar from the blood), or your cells are resistant to the effects of insulin. High blood sugar can eventually damage your blood vessels, interrupting blood flow to parts of your body.
• Blood vessel diseases. Narrowing and hardening of an artery (atherosclerosis) and blood clots can also block blood flow to a specific area of ​​the body.
• Serious injury or surgery. Any process that causes damage to the skin and underlying tissues, including trauma or frostbite, increases your risk of developing gangrene, especially if you have an underlying medical condition that reduces blood flow to the affected area.
• Obesity. Obesity is often associated with diabetes and vascular disease, but pressure from excess weight can also constrict arteries, resulting in decreased blood flow and increased risk of infection and poor wound healing.
• Immunosuppression. The body’s ability to fight infection is impaired by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or after chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
• Medicines. In rare cases, the anticoagulant drug warfarin can be the cause of gangrene, especially when combined with heparin therapy.

COMPLICATIONS

Gangrene can lead to scarring and will require reconstructive surgery.Sometimes the amount of necrotic tissue is so large that it is necessary to remove a part of the body, for example, the legs.

Gangrene infected with bacteria can quickly spread to other organs and can be fatal if left untreated

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TESTS AND DIAGNOSTICS

Tests used to make the diagnosis of gangrene include:

• Blood tests. An abnormal increase in white blood cells often indicates infection.
• Instrumental methods. Radiography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to examine internal organs and assess the extent to which gangrene has spread.
• Arteriography is a test used to visualize arteries. During this test, a dye is injected into the blood and a series of X-rays are taken to determine how well the blood is moving through the arteries.An arteriogram can help your doctor figure out if any of your arteries are blocked.
• Surgery. Surgery can be performed to determine how much gangrene has spread in your body.
• Cultures of tissues or liquids. Plating fluid from a blister on the skin may indicate the bacteria Clostridium perfringens (a common cause of gas gangrene), or the doctor may look under a microscope at a tissue sample for signs of cell death.

TREATMENT AND PREPARATIONS

Gangrene-damaged tissue cannot be saved, but steps can be taken to prevent the progression of gangrene. These procedures include:

Surgery. The doctor’s removal of dead tissue helps stop the spread of gangrene and allows healthy tissue to heal. If possible, the doctor can repair damaged blood vessels to increase blood flow to the affected area.A skin graft is a type of reconstructive surgery that is used to repair skin damage caused by gangrene. During a skin graft, your doctor removes a section of healthy skin from another part of your body – usually a place hidden under your clothing – and gently transfers it to the affected areas. Healthy skin can be held in place with a bandage or a few small stitches. A skin flap can only be engrafted if an adequate blood supply has been restored to the damaged area of ​​the skin.

In severe cases of gangrene, affected parts of the body, such as the foot, fingers, or limb, may need to be surgically removed (amputation). In some cases, a prosthesis may subsequently be used.

Antibiotics. Antibiotics given by vein (intravenous) can be used to treat gangrene caused by an infection.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be used to treat gas gangrene.With increased pressure and increased oxygen content, the blood is able to deliver more oxygen. Oxygen-rich blood inhibits the growth of bacteria that proliferate in the absence of oxygen and helps infected wounds heal more easily.

In this type of therapy, you will be in a special chamber, which usually consists of a table that fits into a special tube chamber. The chamber contains pure oxygen, and the pressure inside the chamber will slowly rise, about two and a half times that of normal atmospheric pressure.During your treatment session, you may feel dizzy and tired.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for gas gangrene usually lasts about 90 minutes. You may need up to three sessions on the first day of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and then twice a day for up to five days.

Other treatments for gangrene may include supportive care, including infusions of fluids, nutrients, and pain relievers to relieve pain.

FORECAST

In general, people with dry gangrene have a better prognosis because dry gangrene is not associated with bacterial infection and spreads more slowly than other types of gangrene. However, when infected gangrene is diagnosed and treatment is promptly initiated, the likelihood of recovery is high.

Elderly people, people with weakened immune systems or comorbid conditions (for example, diabetes, atherosclerosis, or some types of cancer), and those who seek medical help for advanced cases of gangrene are more likely to have complications from gangrene.

PREVENTION

Here are some tips to help you reduce your risk of developing gangrene:

• Control your diabetes. If you have diabetes, check your hands and feet daily for cuts, sores, and signs of infection such as redness, swelling, or drainage. Ask your doctor to check your hands and feet at least once a year.
• Lose weight. Extra pounds not only increase your risk of diabetes but also put pressure on your arteries, decrease blood flow, and increase your chances of infection and slow wound healing.
• Do not smoke. Chronic tobacco use can damage blood vessels.
• Try to prevent infections. Wash open wounds with mild soap and water and try to keep them clean and dry while they heal.
• Watch the temperature drop. Frostbite of the skin can lead to gangrene, due to frostbite, blood circulation in the affected area is reduced.If you notice any area of ​​your skin that is pale, hard, cold, and numb after prolonged exposure to low temperatures, see your doctor.

Are they recruited into the army without a finger or with broken fingers?

The decision on the suitability of a conscript is always made according to a special document – the Schedule of Illness. This document contains a complete list of diseases, injuries and developmental characteristics that may be limiting when conscripted into the army.He describes in detail at what stages and manifestations of the disease a person liable for military service is capable of serving, and at which ones – should be written off to the reserve or completely exempted from military registration and relieved of any relations with the military registration and enlistment office. It is this document that we will use to answer the question “in what cases are recruits without a finger taken into the army, and in what cases they are released from service.”

The absence and deformity of fingers are considered in article 67 of the Schedule of diseases. This article describes as many as 17 conditions under which a conscript becomes inviolable for the military registration and enlistment office.

In the most severe cases, when it comes to practically disability, a young person can apply for category “D” – not eligible. This is the lowest category. They do not serve in the army with her and are not registered with the military registration and enlistment office. This category of suitability is given to conscripts who do not have:

• on each hand there are no three fingers at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints;
• on each hand there are no four fingers at the level of the distal ends of the main phalanges;
• The thumb and forefinger are missing at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joints on both hands.

Much more variability in setting the category “B”. The schedule of illnesses includes 14 conditions under which a conscript can apply for this category, and with it a military ID.

Table: minimum health requirements for a conscript to be exempt from military service

If, as a result of injury or any other reason, the fingers were detached, but then successfully restored, the conscript is also exempt from conscription. In all other cases, “B-3” is displayed – the category from which they are called up for military service.

Complex of exercises after ankle fracture | Med-magazin.ua

Forced immobilization when the ankle joint is in a cast causes a significant weakening of the musculo-ligamentous apparatus, deterioration of blood circulation and tissue nutrition.To speed up the recovery of functions, to activate the supply of nutrients to the injured area, which are necessary for the acceleration of bone fusion, it is necessary to begin to develop the leg while it is still in a cast. To do this, doctors have developed effective exercises after an ankle fracture.

Exercise therapy for ankle fracture before plaster removal

On days 2-3 after immobilization, it is recommended to train only the muscles adjacent to the injured area.

Exercises in a sitting position are performed for both legs alternately, it is recommended to repeat every 2 hours:

1. Tension and relaxation of the calf, gluteal, femoral muscles 10-20 times;

2. Squeezing and unclenching the fingers for 1 min;

During this period, exercises to develop the ankle after a fracture exclude the possibility of stepping on the affected leg.

Exercises in a sitting position, do 10-15 times:

1. Legs on the floor, unbend the knee of the injured leg and stretch it parallel to the floor, then return to its original position;

2. Raising the knee of the bent leg as high as possible.

Standing on the floor and leaning against the back of a chair:

1. Abduction of the leg to the side with a delay of a few seconds;

2.Leading the leg back;

3. Smooth forward swings.

Gymnastics after plaster removal

At first, you should engage in every other day, after which you move on to daily training, increasing the time and expanding the range of motion.

Exercises after ankle fracture at home in a sitting position, repeating each movement for 2-3 min:

1.The feet are on the floor, without lifting the heels, the toes are raised up, at first with both feet simultaneously, then alternately;

2. Leaning on your toes, raise and lower your heels;

3. Rolling from heels to toes;

4. Raising the socks up and simultaneously turning to the sides;

5. Toes stand side by side, heels are lifted up and spread apart;

6. Toes rest on the floor, heels rotate clockwise and then counterclockwise.

7. Do similar exercises with the toes of the feet;

8. The legs are straightened at the knees, the feet rotate in different directions, the fingers are compressed and unclenched.

During rehabilitation, you can perform the same exercises after a broken ankle leg while standing and add new movements:

1. Walking on toes, heels, inside, outside of the feet;

2.