What are the symptoms of a yeast infection. How can you differentiate between a yeast infection and other vaginal conditions. What treatments are available for yeast infections. How can yeast infections be prevented.

Understanding Yeast Infections: More Than Just an Inconvenience

Yeast infections are a common concern for many women, often causing discomfort and confusion. While they are generally not considered severe, it’s crucial to understand their potential impact on overall health and well-being. Let’s delve into the world of yeast infections, exploring their symptoms, causes, and treatments, as well as conditions that may mimic their presentation.

What Exactly is a Yeast Infection?

A vaginal yeast infection, also known as candidiasis, is a fungal infection that affects the vagina and vulva. It’s caused by an overgrowth of Candida, a type of yeast naturally present in the body. While yeast infections are typically not dangerous, they can be uncomfortable and disruptive to daily life.

Recognizing the Symptoms: When to Suspect a Yeast Infection

Identifying a yeast infection can be tricky, as symptoms may vary from person to person. Common signs include:

• Intense itching in the vaginal area
• Burning sensation, especially during urination or intercourse
• Redness and swelling of the vulva
• Thick, white, odorless discharge with a cottage cheese-like consistency
• Vaginal pain or soreness

Is a yeast infection always accompanied by discharge? Not necessarily. Some women may experience minimal or no discharge, while others might have more pronounced symptoms.

Causes and Risk Factors: Understanding Why Yeast Infections Occur

Several factors can contribute to the development of a yeast infection:

1. Antibiotics use, which can disrupt the vaginal flora
2. Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or due to birth control pills
3. Uncontrolled diabetes
4. Weakened immune system
5. Tight, non-breathable clothing
6. Douching or using scented hygiene products

Can stress cause a yeast infection? While stress itself doesn’t directly cause yeast infections, it can weaken the immune system, making you more susceptible to various infections, including yeast overgrowth.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Navigating the Path to Relief

Proper diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. While over-the-counter treatments are available, it’s advisable to consult a healthcare provider, especially for first-time infections or recurrent cases.

Diagnostic Methods

Diagnosis typically involves:

• A detailed medical history
• Physical examination
• Microscopic examination of vaginal secretions
• In some cases, a culture to identify the specific type of yeast

Treatment Options

Treatment for yeast infections may include:

1. Antifungal creams or suppositories (e.g., miconazole, clotrimazole)
2. Oral antifungal medications (e.g., fluconazole)
3. For recurrent infections, longer courses of treatment or maintenance therapy

How long does it take for a yeast infection to clear up? With proper treatment, most yeast infections resolve within a week. However, severe or recurrent cases may require longer treatment periods.

Prevention Strategies: Keeping Yeast Infections at Bay

While not all yeast infections are preventable, certain lifestyle changes can reduce your risk:

• Wear breathable, cotton underwear
• Avoid tight-fitting pants or pantyhose
• Change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes promptly
• Avoid douching and scented vaginal products
• Maintain good hygiene, but avoid overwashing
• Consider probiotic supplements or foods

Can diet affect yeast infection occurrence? Yes, a diet high in sugar and refined carbohydrates may contribute to yeast overgrowth. Incorporating probiotic-rich foods and limiting sugar intake might help prevent infections.

Conditions Mimicking Yeast Infections: When It’s Not What You Think

Several conditions can present symptoms similar to yeast infections, making accurate diagnosis crucial. These include:

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

STIs like trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and mycoplasma can cause symptoms resembling yeast infections. These may include vaginal discharge, itching, burning, and pain during sexual activity. Unlike yeast infections, STIs often require antibiotic treatment and can have serious health consequences if left untreated.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

BV is the most common cause of vaginal discharge in women aged 15-44. It results from an imbalance in vaginal bacteria and can cause a thin, off-white discharge, often with a fishy odor. While not an STI, sexual activity can increase the risk of BV.

Allergic Reactions and Sensitivities

The sensitive vaginal area can react to various products, leading to noninfectious vaginitis. Symptoms may mimic a yeast infection but are caused by irritants like soaps, detergents, or feminine hygiene products.

Skin Conditions

Conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and lichen sclerosus can affect the vulvar area, causing itching and discomfort similar to yeast infections. These conditions often require different treatment approaches, such as corticosteroid ointments.

The Impact of Yeast Infections on Overall Health

While yeast infections are localized to the vaginal area, they can have broader health implications:

• Discomfort affecting daily activities and quality of life
• Potential impact on sexual health and relationships
• Psychological stress and anxiety
• In rare cases, systemic candidiasis in immunocompromised individuals

Can a yeast infection make you feel generally unwell? While not typically causing systemic illness, severe or recurrent yeast infections can lead to fatigue, irritability, and a general sense of unwellness due to persistent discomfort and stress.

When to Seek Medical Attention: Red Flags and Concerns

While many yeast infections can be managed with over-the-counter treatments, certain situations warrant professional medical attention:

• First-time symptoms, to ensure accurate diagnosis
• Recurrent infections (four or more in a year)
• Symptoms that don’t improve with OTC treatment
• Unusual discharge or severe symptoms
• Pregnancy or underlying health conditions
• Suspected exposure to STIs

Is it possible for a yeast infection to spread to other parts of the body? In healthy individuals, yeast infections typically remain localized. However, in people with weakened immune systems, Candida can potentially spread, causing more serious infections.

The Role of Probiotics in Vaginal Health

Probiotics have gained attention for their potential role in maintaining vaginal health and preventing yeast infections. These beneficial bacteria help maintain the natural balance of the vaginal microbiome.

How Probiotics May Help

• Restoring and maintaining healthy vaginal pH
• Competing with harmful bacteria and yeast for resources
• Producing substances that inhibit the growth of pathogens
• Enhancing the body’s immune response

Can probiotics cure a yeast infection? While probiotics alone may not cure an active yeast infection, they can be a valuable part of prevention and may help reduce recurrence when used alongside conventional treatments.

Yeast Infections During Pregnancy: Special Considerations

Pregnant women are more susceptible to yeast infections due to hormonal changes. While generally not harmful to the baby, yeast infections during pregnancy require careful management:

• Always consult with a healthcare provider before using any treatments
• Some oral medications may not be suitable during pregnancy
• Topical treatments are often preferred and considered safe
• Untreated infections may increase the risk of preterm labor in some cases

Is it safe to use over-the-counter yeast infection treatments during pregnancy? While some OTC treatments are considered safe, it’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before using any medication during pregnancy.

The Connection Between Yeast Infections and Sexual Health

Yeast infections can significantly impact sexual health and relationships. Understanding the relationship between sexual activity and yeast infections is crucial:

• Yeast infections are not classified as sexually transmitted infections
• Sexual activity can sometimes trigger or exacerbate yeast infections
• Partners may pass yeast back and forth, leading to recurrent infections
• Discomfort during intercourse is common with yeast infections

Should you avoid sexual activity during a yeast infection? It’s generally recommended to abstain from sexual activity until the infection clears to prevent discomfort and reduce the risk of passing the infection to a partner.

Long-Term Management: Dealing with Chronic Yeast Infections

For some women, recurrent yeast infections can become a chronic issue, requiring long-term management strategies:

1. Identifying and addressing underlying causes (e.g., diabetes, immune disorders)
2. Maintenance therapy with antifungal medications
3. Regular probiotic supplementation
4. Lifestyle modifications to reduce risk factors
5. Consideration of alternative therapies under medical supervision

Can chronic yeast infections be a sign of a more serious condition? While not always indicative of a severe problem, recurrent yeast infections can sometimes signal underlying health issues like uncontrolled diabetes or immune dysfunction, warranting thorough medical evaluation.

The Psychological Impact of Recurrent Yeast Infections

The physical symptoms of yeast infections are often accompanied by psychological effects, especially in cases of chronic or recurrent infections:

• Anxiety and stress about potential recurrence
• Impact on self-esteem and body image
• Strain on intimate relationships
• Frustration with ongoing treatment and lifestyle modifications

How can one cope with the emotional toll of recurrent yeast infections? Seeking support from healthcare providers, considering counseling, and joining support groups can be beneficial in managing the psychological aspects of chronic yeast infections.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in Yeast Infection Management

The field of vaginal health is continuously evolving, with new research shedding light on novel approaches to preventing and treating yeast infections:

• Development of new antifungal medications with fewer side effects
• Research into the potential of personalized probiotics
• Exploration of the vaginal microbiome’s role in health and disease
• Investigation of natural and alternative therapies

What promising new treatments are on the horizon for yeast infections? While research is ongoing, potential future treatments may include targeted probiotic therapies, novel antifungal compounds, and approaches aimed at modulating the vaginal microbiome to prevent infections.

Understanding yeast infections and their impact on overall health is crucial for effective management and prevention. By recognizing symptoms, seeking appropriate treatment, and implementing preventive measures, women can maintain optimal vaginal health and minimize the discomfort and disruption caused by these common infections. Remember, while yeast infections are generally not serious, persistent or recurrent symptoms should always be evaluated by a healthcare professional to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Conditions You Might Mistake for Yeast Infection Symptoms| Banner

Vaginal concerns can be a common occurrence. Sometimes the cause is obvious such as changes in menstrual cycle, sexual activity or a new product you may be using. Other times, the cause is not as clear.

Since many have had a yeast infection before it may be easy to assume your recurrent symptoms have the same cause, however that is not always the case.

“A vaginal yeast infection is a common fungal infection that causes burning, itching, discharge and discomfort in the vulvar and vaginal areas,” said Jennifer Nelson, DO, an internal medicine-pediatric specialist at Banner – University Medicine Internal Medicine Clinic in Phoenix, AZ. “Although it’s common in women, many other vaginal conditions can mimic a yeast infection but require different treatment. This is why it’s always important to discuss symptoms with your doctor to ensure that you are receiving the correct treatment.”

As Dr. Nelson mentioned, there are a few common conditions that can be mistaken for yeast infections. She walked us through four other important vaginal health issues to consider when these symptoms arise.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs or STDs)

“Sexually transmitted infections can often mimic yeast infections in that they may cause vaginitis, an irritation of your vagina or vulva,” Dr. Nelson said. “Common symptoms can include vaginal discharge, itching, burning, pain with sexual activity, bleeding and vaginal odor.”

The most common STIs that cause these symptoms are trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and mycoplasma:

• Trichomoniasis may sound unfamiliar, which may be due to the fact that most people don’t show any symptoms. This STI is caused by an organism called Trichomonas vaginalis. If you are one of the few who do experience symptoms, they may include vaginal itching, burning, discharge, pain with sexual activity or lower abdominal pain.
• Gonorrhea and chlamydia can also be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. If symptoms are present this can include vaginal discharge, burning, or lower abdominal pain.
• Another unfamiliar but common STI is mycoplasma genitalium (MG). You can also have MG without knowing it or with symptoms, however typical symptoms include vaginal discharge, bleeding or pain with sex and lower abdominal pain.

Depending on sexual practices, symptoms mentioned above can also be seen in the rectal or oral areas.

Treating STIs: These can all be treated with short courses of very commonly used antibiotics. Since STIs can be asymptomatic, it’s important to follow up with your health care provider regularly and undergo routine screenings in addition to when you have symptoms.

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge between the ages of 15 and 44. “BV occurs when there is a shift in (or an overgrowth of) the bacteria which contributes to vaginal health. In turn, this overgrowth causes a bacterial imbalance that can result in symptoms,” Dr. Nelson said.

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis include thin, off-white vaginal discharge that can sometimes be described as having a fishy odor.

While bacterial vaginosis isn’t considered a sexually transmitted infection, being sexually active or having multiple sexual partners can put you at higher risk for it, as well as smoking and douching.

Treatment: Bacterial vaginosis is typically treated with a short course of an antibiotic called metronidazole.

An allergic reaction or sensitivity

Your vaginal area is sensitive, which means it may be sensitive to certain products you use.

“As with other parts of the body, the vulvar and vaginal areas can develop a contact dermatitis reaction to detergents, lotions, soaps and creams that you use ” Dr. Nelson said. “In addition, depending on what products you use, they can also alter the pH of the vagina which can lead to increased risk of infections like bacterial vaginosis.”

This kind of vaginal irritation is known as noninfectious vaginitis. It can cause itching and burning and vaginal discharge.

Treatment: Treating an allergic reaction or sensitivity will depend on what’s causing the symptoms and then eliminating them to see if symptoms resolve. Sometimes short courses of steroid creams can help with the itching.

Other skin conditions

Skin conditions like eczema and psoriasis as well as lichen sclerosus, an inflammatory condition that is more common in postmenopausal people, can mimic symptoms of a yeast infection. The symptoms of lichen sclerosus are primarily severe itching.

Treatment: Treatment will depend on the skin condition, but lichen sclerosus is usually treated with corticosteroid ointment and requires monitoring as some people, in rare cases, are at risk for developing vulvar cancer.

Bottom line

Whenever you have any burning, itching, discharge or other vaginal concerns see your health care provider. “Physicians that can help with this include family medicine, internal medicine or OBGYN physicians,” Dr. Nelson said. “They can help determine the cause and how to treat it.”

Because many STIs have serious complications if left untreated, it’s important to not wait to see a provider for care and treatment. To find a health provider near you, visit bannerhealth.com.

Additional Resources:

• What You Should Know About Sexual Health
• Should I Really Take an Antibiotic?
• Women’s Sexual Health: Get the Facts and Help
• How You Can Boost Your Immune System

Women’s Health
Gynecology
Sexual Health

Will a yeast infection go away on its own?

Time saver 3 min read

Your body is beautiful and intelligent. And every minute of every day, it works to maintain a healthy equilibrium and environment. But sometimes, things get out of balance. And when it comes to your vagina, an imbalance can lead to a yeast infection. If this happens, you may wonder what you should do. Should you treat a yeast infection? Will a yeast infection go away on its own? Keep reading for the skinny on yeast infections and treatment options. 

The biology of a yeast infection

Vaginal yeast infections are super common. They’re also super uncomfortable – with symptoms like vaginal itching, inflammation and soreness causing major physical discomfort and majorly disrupting your life. But why do vaginal yeast infections happen?  

Different strains of bacteria and fungus naturally live in your body – including in the vagina. Normally in a healthy vagina, a bacteria called lactobacillus keeps the fungus, Candida albicans in check. When in balance lactobacillus and Candida albicans co-exist to create a healthy and diverse microbiome. But when something happens to tip the scales – think antibiotics or even spending the day in a wet swimsuit – Candida can grow unchecked and you develop a yeast infection.       

Can my body fight off a yeast infection? 

If you get a yeast infection, you may think that your body will just fight off the infection and restore balance on its own. After all, when it comes to warding off things like germs, viruses, bacteria and infections – our bodies are constantly playing defense without us even knowing.   

While your amazing body works hard to keep you healthy, sometimes it needs a little help. And the truth is that by the time you’re experiencing those common yeast infection symptoms, it’s probably too late – it’s time to call in the pros and seek medical treatment. 

Did you know?

If left untreated a yeast infection can develop into a more serious infection that’s also more difficult to treat. At the first sign of an infection, prompt treatment is the best way to feel better fast and prevent a yeast infection from returning.

How long does a yeast infection last?

Yeast infection symptoms can be really uncomfortable and make it difficult to impossible to enjoy everything from working out to having sex. That’s why, at the first sign of a yeast infection, most women don’t mess around and seek treatment right away.  

To kill the Candida albicans fungus that’s causing your yeast infection, you need an antifungal medication. While these medications are available over the counter, the cream and suppository forms you find at your local drugstore tend to be messy and typically require multiple days of use.  

Thankfully, there’s a much easier and faster way to treat a yeast infection. You can get one-pill prescription treatment online at Virtuwell. In addition to prescribing Diflucan (fluconazole) – a one-dose antifungal medication that quickly clears up yeast infections – we’ll provide tips and advice on how to soothe symptoms while you heal. 

Get 1-pill treatment for a yeast infection

Start a visit

Yeast infection symptoms won’t go away with treatment?

Symptoms like vaginal itching, swelling and discharge can be signs of other vaginal infections like bacterial vaginosis and common sexually transmitted infections. Get answers and treatment online today.

Get clear on yeast infection treatment options

When it comes to your vagina and sexual health, don’t ignore uncomfortable symptoms. Get the treatment and prescription medication you need to quickly clear up a vaginal yeast infection and get back in balance. 

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Solving nine breastfeeding problems in the first month

Expert advice on solving major breastfeeding problems in the first month.

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Cathy Garbin, child health nurse, midwife and lactation consultant:
Cathy, a mother of two, was a research fellow at the renowned Human Lactation Research Institute, founded by Peter Hartmann, for seven years, providing support to breastfeeding mothers in clinics and at home. Today, she still works as a family counselor, and also conducts seminars for attending physicians and speaks at international conferences.

Breastfeeding is as much a skill as driving a car, and in the first month mother and baby may encounter some obstacles along the way. It takes time and experience to make it familiar to both of you. Solving breastfeeding problems in the first month helps establish good milk production and increase the duration of breastfeeding in the future. Below you will find tips on how to overcome the main breastfeeding problems that mothers often face from the end of the first week to the end of the first month after giving birth.

Problem #1. A painful lump appeared in the breast

Lumps and lumps in the breast of a nursing woman can appear for various reasons. One of the most common is blockage of the milk ducts, which results in a hard and painful lump that can become inflamed.

Solutions ^1-3

• Massage the inflamed area, especially while breastfeeding or expressing, to clear the blockage.
• Gently apply warm flannel to your breasts or take a warm shower before feeding to relieve discomfort.
• Continue breastfeeding as usual to avoid milk accumulation that can cause mastitis.
• Try to express milk from the inflamed breast after feeding to ensure that it is completely emptied. This will help to remove the blockage and restore the patency of the duct. See what breast pumps* Medela has to offer and choose the right one for you.
• Try ultrasound therapy. If you have repeated blocked ducts, your lactation consultant or healthcare professional may suggest this procedure to help restore milk flow. The procedure is performed by a physiotherapist.
• Call your healthcare provider, if you notice signs of infection (breast redness and tenderness or flu-like symptoms such as fever, aches, malaise and headache), or if you think the lump is not related to breastfeeding .

Problem #2. The breast is red and sore

If one or both mammary glands are red and sore, and this is not due to blockage of the ducts, mastitis, that is, inflammation of the breast tissue, is not excluded. Mastitis is characterized by redness, burning, and soreness of the breasts, combined with flu-like symptoms: You feel hot and cold, your joints ache, and your temperature rises above 38.5 °C (101.3 °F). Seek medical attention immediately if you experience these symptoms. Mastitis needs to be treated as soon as possible, as your condition can worsen in just a few hours. ³

Mastitis can be caused by the following causes:

• untreated blocked ducts,
• Bacteria entering the breast through cracked and damaged nipples,
• incorrect attachment of the child to the breast,
• long periods between feedings,
• breasts too full,
• wearing a bra that is too tight or that cuts into the skin,
• Abrupt weaning,
• excess milk.

Solutions ³
In addition to seeking medical attention:

• Continue to breastfeed or express milk frequently. Your milk is still safe for your baby. Its release will help eliminate blockage of the ducts and prevent painful accumulation of milk. Sudden cessation of feeding or pumping may exacerbate symptoms. After feeding, it is advisable to express any remaining milk.
• Give the child the inflamed breast first. This way the child can empty it completely. If it hurts too much, start feeding on the healthy breast, and when milk begins to flow, go back to the first one.
• Have a good rest, drink and eat. You need to get enough fluids and good nutrition.
• Massage the sore area under a warm shower or apply a warm flannel or warm pack to clear the blockage and relieve symptoms before feeding or pumping.
• Apply a cooling pack after feeding, , to reduce inflammation.

Problem #3. My strength is running out

Breastfeeding in the first weeks can be very tiring and seem endless. The baby will ask for a breast every few hours, day and night, and you have not yet grown stronger after giving birth.

Solutions

• Take care of yourself. This may be easier said than done when you have a newborn in your arms, but still try to get as much rest as possible, eat healthy and regular meals, and drink plenty of water. Do not refuse the help of your partner, relatives and friends, or even hire an assistant if you can afford it.
• Feed lying down. This will allow you to relax and reduce stress on sore spots, stitches or c-section scars.
• Do not skip feedings. Your partner may offer to bottle feed your baby while you are resting. However, despite this temptation, it should be remembered that milk production is best established in the first four weeks through breastfeeding. When breastfeeding is well established, you can give your baby expressed milk, but before that, ask family or friends to help you with other things so you can fully focus on breastfeeding.

Problem #4. How can I increase breast milk production?

It’s easy to question whether your breastmilk supply is adequate, especially when your baby has developmental spikes between the third and fourth weeks. It may seem to you that the child asks for breasts more often because he does not have enough milk. However, if the number of wet and soiled diapers doesn’t change—see Breastfeeding: What to Expect in the First Month—the baby is likely to breastfeed more often to calm down. The baby is surrounded by many new sounds and images that are easy to get tired of, and at the breast he feels safe. ⁴

Solutions ^4.5

• Do not try to supplement your baby with formula, unless doctors are worried about weight gain or fluid loss. Continue breastfeeding your baby. This will help naturally increase breast milk production.
• Do not feed on a schedule. Feed your baby on demand. Thus, the production of breast milk will adapt to his needs.
• Use the breast pump, , to help increase breast milk production while continuing to breastfeed.

Problem #5. I have too much milk

Hyperlactation, or too much milk, can also be difficult for you and your baby. You may experience discomfort from swollen and leaky breasts, and your baby may have difficulty latch-on, choke on the milk flowing too fast, and be unable to empty the breast properly. ⁶

Solutions

• Express some breast milk at the start of a feed to reduce the force of the flush. Don’t pump too much as this can aggravate the situation – pump only as much as needed to ease the discomfort. Try hand pumping or use a breast pump (view the Medela* breast pump range and choose the one that suits you).
• Use the towel or pad to soak up excess milk, or place the milk collection pad** on the other breast while you feed first.
• The child must feel supported. Hold him firmly (this gives a sense of security) and in a comfortable position so that he can turn his head. Talk to the baby during the first rapid flush, then he will not be frightened by surprise and will not push the breast.
• Contact a lactation consultant or health care professional who will monitor you and suggest single-sided feedings or hourly breast changes (“breast duty”) to normalize your milk supply.
• Be patient . Problems with milk production usually go away after a few weeks.

Problem #6. I have different breasts!

You have noticed that the baby has a preference for one breast, or that one breast produces more milk than the other, and as a result the breasts have taken on different sizes and shapes. This happens quite often and does not pose any problems for breastfeeding. If this does not bother you or your baby, you can leave everything as it is. If this makes you uncomfortable, try the following tricks.

Solutions

• During feeding, offer the less demanded breast first as babies usually suckle more vigorously at the beginning of feeding.
• Use the breast pump to increase breast milk production in the smaller breast.
• Don’t give up on bigger breasts. Breastfeeding should continue with fuller breasts to avoid blocked ducts and mastitis.
• See a doctor. Sometimes an ear infection is the reason for a baby to latch on only on one side. However, some positions may cause him discomfort, so try to keep the child more upright. In addition, a breast infection can change the taste of milk and cause milk to be rejected as well.

Problem #7. A blister has appeared on the nipple

With frequent feeding, sometimes painful friction occurs, and a blood bubble may appear on the breast,
nipple or areola. ⁷

Solutions

• Ask a lactation consultant or specialist to check the baby’s latch on. A shallow grip can cause blistering of the nipples and areolas.
• Talk to your doctor about what medicine you can take to relieve pain if needed.
• Try other feeding positions to avoid pressure on the painful area.
• Lubricate inflammation with pure lanolin.
• Use Breast Pads** to avoid rubbing your blister with clothing and help it heal faster with air circulation, or try cooling hydrogel pads** to help relieve pain and promote healing.
• Try expressing milk. Using a breast pump can be an alternative way to get breast milk without bladder irritation. Choose the correct funnel size so that the nipple can move freely and the bubble does not rub against the walls of the tunnel.
• Do not pierce the vial as this may lead to infection.
• Seek medical attention, if the problem persists and causes you pain.

Problem #8. Painful white spot on nipple

When the orifice of the milk duct becomes blocked with milk or a thin layer of skin grows over it, a small white or yellowish spot may appear on the tip of the nipple. For some, these blocked ducts, sometimes called milk vesicles or blisters, cause pinpoint pain, especially during feeding or pumping. Others do not experience any discomfort. White blisters may persist for several days or weeks until the skin breaks and hardened milk comes out. ⁸

Solutions

• Follow the tips above to solve friction bubble problems.
• Remove the blockage, if you see that the milk cork is starting to bulge. Try to squeeze it out very gently with clean nails.
• Continue breastfeeding or pumping, to clear the milk duct. If the milk duct clears during feeding, it will not harm the baby in any way.
• Apply hot wet flannel to the vial just before feeding or pumping. This will help open the blocked duct. You can also try rubbing the area quickly with a clean, damp cloth.
• Manually express some milk before feeding, trying to push out hardened milk clots. If this does not help, feed the baby or express milk as usual. Repeat several times a day.
• Soak a cotton swab with olive oil and place it in the bra, pressing it against the bubble nipple. This will help soften the skin.
• Seek medical attention, if problem persists. Your doctor may remove the plug with a sterile needle. This should be done immediately after feeding, when the bubble is as inflated as possible.

Issue #9. My nipples hurt while breastfeeding

At the start of breastfeeding, my nipples may become more tender, sore, and even inflamed, but this usually goes away after a few days. If your baby’s latch is checked by a specialist and the inflammation persists or your nipples hurt with every feed, you may need medical attention to fix the problem. ^2.7

The following symptoms and signs that appear on one or both breasts during or after feeding may indicate a bacterial infection or thrush:

• burning, itching or moderate to severe pain in the nipples
• pain in nipples aggravated by contact with clothing,
• nipple pain persists despite attempts to attach baby differently,
• nipples hurt to touch,
• stitching, shooting, burning or deep aching pain,
• chest pain during feeding and almost an hour after,
• hot pink nipples,
• discoloration and texture of the areola (hot pink, darkening, dryness or peeling),
• white rash on chest or areola.

Also check if your child has the following symptoms and signs:

• hard white patches or coating on the tongue,
• white indelible spots on the cheeks,
• bright red spotted rash on buttocks not helped by diaper rash creams.

Solutions ⁷

• Seek medical attention. He will most likely suggest testing for infections to make a diagnosis. Bacterial and fungal (yeast) infections are treated differently, so appropriate treatment should be started as soon as possible. There are other reasons that can cause this type of nipple pain, such as eczema, psoriasis, or vasospasm (narrowing of the blood vessels) in the mother, and latch problems or a tongue tie in the child. Therefore, it is very important to make an accurate diagnosis.
• Strict hygiene. Wash hands before and after feeding and applying any medication, and after changing diapers. Change bra pads regularly, wash bras, tank tops and towels in high temperature water, thoroughly wash breast cups and anything your baby puts in her mouth, such as nipples.
• Let the nipples dry after feeding, as all infections love a warm and humid environment.
• See your doctor again if there is no improvement after a few days. Do not let the problem run its course, otherwise the situation may worsen.

Related materials. Breastfeeding: what to expect in the first month

Breastfeeding: what to expect after the first month

Breastfeeding problems after the first month

Literature

9036 0 1 Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. ABM clinical protocol # 20: Engorgement. Breastfeed Med. 2009;4(2):111-113.- Breastfeeding Academy Protocol Committee, “AVM Clinical Protocol #20: Breast engorgement”. Brestfeed Med (Breastfeeding Medicine). 2009;4(2):111-113.

2 Jacobs A et al. S3-guidelines for the treatment of inflammatory breast disease during the lactation period. Geburtshilfe and Frauenheilkunde . 2013;73(12):1202-1208. – Jacobs A. et al., “Recommendations S -3 for the treatment of inflammatory breast diseases during breastfeeding. Geburtskhilfe und Frauenheilkünde. 2013;73(12):1202-1208.

3 Amir LH Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol Committee. ABM clinical protocol# 4: Mastitis , revised March 2014. Med . 2014;9(5):239-243 – Amir L. H., Academy of Breastfeeding Protocol Committee, AVM Clinical Protocol #4: Mastitis, March 2014 edition of Brestfeed Med (Breastfeeding Medicine). 2014;9(5):239-243.

4 Kent JC et al. Principles for maintaining or increasing breast milk production. J Obstet , Gynecol , & Neonatal Nurs 9 0360 . 2012;41(1):114-121. – Kent J.S. et al., “Principles for Maintaining and Increasing Milk Production”. G Obstet Ginecol Neoneutal Nurs. 2012;41(1):114-121.

5 Amir L. Breastfeeding managing ‘supply’ difficulties. Aust fam physician . 2006;35(9):686. – – Amir L., “Breastfeeding: problems of ‘supply’. Aust fam physis. 2006;35(9):686.

6 Trimeloni L, Spencer J. Diagnosis and management of breast milk oversupply Journal Am Board Fam Med . 2016;29(1):139-142. – Trimeloni L., Spencer J., “Diagnosis and correction of excess breast milk production.” Journal Am Bord Fam Med. 2016;29(1):139-142.

7 Berens P et al. Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. ABM Clinical Protocol# 26: Persistent pain with breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med. 2016;11(2):46-53. – Behrens, P. et al., Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, AVM Clinical Protocol #26: Persistence of Breastfeeding Pain. Brestfeed Med (Breastfeeding Medicine). 2016;11(2):46-53.

8 Australian Breastfeeding Association [Internet] White spot nipple; March 2015 [Accessed 02/08/2018]. – Australian Breastfeeding Association [Internet], “White spots on the nipples”, March 2015 [visited 02/08/2018].

Read instructions before use. Consult a specialist about possible contraindications.

* RU No. ФСЗ 2010/06525 dated 03/17/2021

** RU ФСЗ 2010/07352 dated 07/19/10

Colds. What is important to know about it? – In the vast majority of cases, the common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, which leads to inflammation of the mucous membrane lining this part of the respiratory tract. – Health Articles

In most cases, the common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines this part of the respiratory tract.

Common symptoms are rhinorrhea (runny nose), sneezing, pharyngitis (sore throat).
The viral infection we call the “cold” can often be treated without medication with rest, plenty of fluids, and some over-the-counter medications to help manage individual symptoms. So far, there are no drugs that are effective against pathogens of colds.

Smoking “helps” the development of a cold, including in the presence of children, as it paralyzes the ciliated cells (ciliated epithelium) that keep the airways clear. Colds can be spread through the hands, not just through the air. To prevent the spread of viruses, avoid touching your eyes, mouth, and nose with your hands, and wash your hands often when you are sick or in contact with a sick person.

Some other diseases are similar in symptoms to the common cold, but require immediate medical attention and special medicines. If you have a high fever (a temperature above 38.0°C) accompanied by chills and coughing up thick mucus, or if coughing and deep breathing causes severe chest pain, you may have pneumonia. You should immediately consult a doctor to establish a diagnosis and start appropriate treatment.

The safest, best, and cheapest way to treat a cold is to do almost nothing at all and let it go away on its own. If necessary, take medications to relieve individual symptoms.

How to treat a cold

Non-drug therapy

warm or hot), rest and to give up smoking. The only drugs that can in any way try to resist viruses are interferons (effective when used on the first – second day of illness – then useless) and CIP (Complex immunoglobulin preparation) – effective when taken with food during the first 3 – 5 days of illness .

In case of rhinorrhea (if the nose runs in a stream), it is not necessary to use drugs, but it is better to be patient, because with rhinorrhea, the mucus is drained, expelling the infection from the body, so no drugs should be taken. However, if the rhinorrhea lasts more than a week, then consult a doctor.

For the same reason, it is not necessary to treat a productive cough (when something is brought out when coughing).

If symptoms cannot be controlled by these measures and these symptoms interfere with normal activities, the following safest and most effective remedies are recommended.

If your nose is stuffy, especially if you cannot breathe freely, use a nasal drop or spray containing oxymetazoline hydrochloride (eg AFRIN), xylometazoline hydrochloride (eg OTRIVIN NOSAL SPRAY), or phenylephrine hydrochloride (eg drops or nasal spray NEO-SYNEFRIN). But do not use them for more than three days.

No oral decongestants (tablets, syrups) should be used for nasal congestion. These medicines can increase your heart rate and blood pressure. In addition, they act excitingly and worsen the process of falling asleep. When using a spray or nasal drops for 1-3 days (no more), 25 times less of the drug enters your body and, moreover, it enters the nose, that is, where it is needed, and is not distributed throughout the body, as is the case with oral medication.

For fever, headaches and body aches, use aspirin or paracetamol if necessary (paracetamol is preferred in children).

Coughing is a necessary evil

The lungs are constantly self-cleansing to ensure efficient breathing. Normally, mucus lines the walls of the lungs and protects them from foreign particles (smoke, dust, viruses). The cilia of the ciliated epithelium expel mucus with adhering particles from the lungs. Coughing also helps to more quickly remove unwanted substances from the lungs.

Cough is beneficial as long as it removes unwanted substances such as phlegm (mucus) from the airways and lungs. Such a cough is called productive and often occurs with colds, bronchitis and pneumonia. On the other hand, a dry, hacking (unproductive) cough can be irritating and interfere with sleep. Cough can also be one of the symptoms of a chronic disease, such as asthma, or it can be caused by cigarette smoke.

A productive cough is part of the cold and flu recovery process. Every effort must be made to remove unwanted material from the lungs by “release” of sputum. This is the purpose of the expectorant, which thins the secretions so that they are more easily removed by coughing (expectoration). The best expectorant is water, especially in warm liquids such as soup, which loosens phlegm and helps moisten the airways. Humid environment also contributes to this. You should drink plenty of fluids and, if possible, humidify the air in the house with a humidifier or by evaporating water with a vaporizer. In winter, you can simply put a tray of water on the radiator. Doctors of the old school recommend, for the same purpose, the use of enzymes (mezim, panzinorm, festal) because of the pepsin they contain. Even if this is somehow incorrect from a modern scientific point of view, regarding coughing, then taking enzymes for colds is still useful, as it accelerates the recovery of the body, or rather the pancreas, which suffers from any cold (the so-called reactive pancreatitis).

Unproductive cough, dry cough that does not produce sputum, can be treated with antitussive drugs. For a cough that interferes with your normal sleep or greatly weakens the body, you can also use one of these remedies. One-component antitussive drugs should be used. Rest and plenty of fluids are also recommended in the treatment of cough.
Codeine, found in many prescription cough medicines, is not recommended for coughing. Codeine is addictive and may contribute to constipation.

When coughing, if the phlegm (mucus) becomes greenish, yellow or foul-smelling, if the cough is accompanied by high fever lasting several days, or if coughing or deep breathing causes severe chest pain or shortness of breath, seek medical advice . Any of these symptoms may indicate pneumonia. If you cough up blood, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Fever, headache and muscle pain The common cold is sometimes accompanied by fever, headache and muscle pain. These symptoms are best managed without medication, with rest and fluid intake, or with aspirin or paracetamol.

It is not recommended to give aspirin for fever to a patient under 40 years of age: he may have the flu, not a cold. People who take aspirin for the flu (or chickenpox) are at an increased risk of developing Reye’s syndrome. This is a rather rare but fatal disease, the victims of which, if they survive, remain disabled for life.
Seek medical attention if body temperature rises above 39.4°C or if fever above 38°C persists for more than four days. In these cases, the patient does not appear to have a cold.

Seek medical attention if:

• Fever above 38.3°C accompanied by chills and cough with thick mucus (especially greenish or bad smell)
• Sharp chest pain on deep inspiration
• Cold-like symptoms that do not improve within seven days
• Fever above 39.4 ⁰ C
• Hemoptysis
• Sore throat with one of the following:

1. Pus (yellowish white spots) on the tonsils or in the throat
2. Fever above 38.3 ⁰ C
3. Enlarged or painful to the touch lymph nodes on the front of the neck
4. Contact with a patient who has a documented case of tonsillitis or diphtheria
5. Rash that appears during or after pharyngitis
6. History of rheumatic fever, cardiovascular rheumatism, kidney disease, chronic lung disease such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis.

Why there is a “protracted” cough

Sometimes the above recipes “fail” – cough, malaise continues after 2 or more weeks from the onset of acute respiratory infections (colds). If this happens, you need to do tests and call a doctor.

In the vast majority of cases, this is an “attack” of a new infection on an organism weakened by a cold. These infections have different names and fight them in different ways. Most often, mycoplasma “attacks”, followed by cases of “aggression” of pneumocystis. Sometimes mycoplasma and pneumocysts combine and bring the patient to a constant temperature of 37-38 degrees, heavy sweating, poor sleep (cough keeps you awake, wakes you up), weakness (asthenia).

Less commonly, a persistent cough is caused by fungi (candida) or chlamydia (usually pulmonary). Another cause of such a cough can be tuberculosis. In infants, similar phenomena may occur due to cytomegalovirus.

Any of these infections, if not properly diagnosed and treated, can greatly impair the quality of life. Bronchitis is most common, but pneumonia can also develop. In the US, 40% of bronchitis in children is mycoplasmal. The main alarming symptom is a long-term (more than 2 weeks) persistent cough. Sometimes mycoplasma, pneumocyst, chlamydia and cytomegalovirus “stick” to children with bronchial asthma, asthmatic bronchitis – attacks become more frequent. After diagnosing and treating these infections, children forget about bronchial asthma for a long time.

The stability of these microorganisms in the external environment is low – they quickly die, so the main method of infection is close household contact. People can become infected with mycoplasmosis or pneumocystosis (less often chlamydia) in any “close” team – at work, at the institute, in kindergarten, at school, in the yard, on regular guests, from constantly coughing relatives.

“Candida” cough usually occurs as a consequence of immoderate or improper use of antibacterial drugs, such as Biseptol, Bactrim, Septrim, Ampicillin, Ampiox, etc.

In today’s economic and, consequently, social situation, tuberculosis, as a “disease of the poor”, can overtake you in public transport, in a shop, or at a train station. The only reassurance is that although there are many “contagious” people, it is quite difficult to get infected with short contact. It is better to start diagnosing tuberculosis at a polyclinic phthisiatrician or at a tuberculosis dispensary at the place of residence. In difficult cases, or if you do not want to go to the dispensary, you can use the possibilities of paid diagnostics – determining bacteria by PCR or detecting the level of antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Diagnosis of mycoplasmosis, pneumocystosis, chlamydia, candidiasis and cytomegalovirus is quite difficult – there are no signs characteristic of only “one” disease, and the microbes themselves are so small that they cannot be detected with conventional microscopy. Mycoplasmosis, pneumocystosis, chlamydia, candidiasis, and cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) are detected either by smears examined by DNA diagnostic methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or by immunofluorescence (which is less reliable), or by examining blood from a vein for the presence of antibodies to these pathogens.

There are no “home” remedies for these diseases, but modern antibacterial drugs are highly effective – the cure rate reaches 95%.
Preventive measures. Without studying the immune status in the cold season, you can drink 2-3 courses of herbal adaptogens – ginseng, eleutherococcus. The drugs are taken in the morning and afternoon, and in the evening, to relieve daytime stress and improve sleep, we need soothing decoctions of herbs – valerian, motherwort.

In order not to get sick during an epidemic of viral diseases, in addition to vitamins and adaptogens, it is good to take homeopathic medicines Gripchel, Antigrippin, Influcid. A flu shot every year will protect you from the flu. Vaccination with influenza vaccine should be done before the onset of an influenza epidemic, so that immunity has time to develop. It makes no sense to get vaccinated against influenza in the midst of an epidemic, or when a person is already ill, since the vaccine will not protect against the disease.
For people who often suffer from otitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, there are drugs that protect against staphylococci, streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella. This is Ribomunil, Bronchomunal. It is better to entrust the selection of a prevention scheme to a doctor.

If someone in the family falls ill, the rest should take preventive measures. It would be nice to spread finely chopped or crushed garlic on saucers in the apartment. You can put it in a pre-scalded teapot and breathe through the spout. Drink Tonsilgon or Antiseptin.

Inhalations of anti-inflammatory herbs – St. John’s wort, sage, eucalyptus or propolis inhalations – can also increase the body’s defenses. As an inhaler, you can use a regular teapot – brew the herb with boiling water and inhale through the spout. You can use ready-made preparations – oils, solutions and tinctures – eucalyptus, propolis, fir oil, “Evkabal”, “Doctor MOM”, “Bronchicum”. The most convenient inhaler is the Russian ultrasonic “Musson”.