Can Epididymitis Cause Back Pain? Exploring Causes and Treatment Options

06.04.197012.06.2021 by alexxlab

What are the potential causes of lower back and testicle pain. How can you identify symptoms of epididymitis. When should you seek medical attention for back and testicle discomfort. What treatment options are available for various conditions causing these symptoms.

Содержание

Understanding the Link Between Epididymitis and Back Pain

Epididymitis, an inflammation of the epididymis, can indeed cause pain that radiates to the lower back. This condition primarily affects the tube that stores and transports sperm from the testicles, but its effects can be felt beyond the immediate area. While back pain is not a direct symptom of epididymitis, the interconnected nature of the body’s nervous system can result in referred pain.

The pain from epididymitis typically begins in the scrotum and testicles, potentially spreading to the groin, lower abdomen, and lower back. This radiation of discomfort occurs due to the shared nerve pathways between these regions. It’s important to note that while epididymitis can contribute to back pain, it’s not the sole cause of simultaneous testicle and back discomfort.

Common Causes of Lower Back and Testicle Pain

Several conditions can lead to the concurrent experience of lower back and testicle pain. Understanding these potential causes is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment:

Lumbar spondylolisthesis
Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Epididymitis
Kidney stones
Testicular cancer (rare)

Each of these conditions presents unique symptoms and requires specific approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Let’s explore them in more detail.

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: A Spinal Concern

Lumbar spondylolisthesis occurs when a vertebra in the lower spine slips out of place. This condition can result from injuries, repetitive strain, or natural wear and tear associated with aging. The misalignment can lead to pressure on spinal nerves, causing lower back pain that may radiate to the testicles or legs.

Identifying Symptoms of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

Recognizing the symptoms of lumbar spondylolisthesis is crucial for timely intervention. Common signs include:

Lower back pain
Pain radiating to the testicles or legs
Numbness or tingling in the legs
Weakness in the legs
Difficulty walking or standing for long periods

Interestingly, these symptoms often improve when sitting or leaning forward, as these positions can relieve pressure on the affected nerves.

Treatment Options for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

The treatment approach for lumbar spondylolisthesis varies depending on the severity of the condition. Options include:

Physical therapy to strengthen lower back muscles
Anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling
Steroid injections for more severe cases
Surgical intervention for cases that don’t respond to conservative treatments or involve loss of nerve function

Urinary Tract Infections: Beyond Urinary Discomfort

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are commonly associated with urinary symptoms, but they can also cause pain that extends to the testicles and lower back. UTIs occur when bacteria accumulate in the urinary system, affecting the bladder, kidneys, ureters, or urethra.

Recognizing UTI Symptoms

UTIs can manifest with various symptoms, including:

Pain or burning sensation during urination
Frequent urge to urinate
Testicle pain
Lower back or abdominal pain (especially in cases of kidney infection)
Fever, nausea, and vomiting (in severe cases)

Treating Urinary Tract Infections

Prompt treatment of UTIs is essential to prevent complications. The typical treatment approach includes:

Antibiotic therapy prescribed by a doctor
Increased fluid intake to flush out bacteria
Over-the-counter pain relievers for symptom management
Follow-up care to ensure complete resolution of the infection

Epididymitis: Inflammation and Its Effects

Epididymitis, the inflammation of the epididymis, can cause significant discomfort in the testicles and surrounding areas. This condition can be acute or chronic, with various potential causes.

Causes and Symptoms of Epididymitis

Epididymitis can result from:

Sexually transmitted infections (e.g., chlamydia)
Urinary tract infections
Other bacterial infections
In some cases, the cause may be idiopathic (unknown)

Symptoms of epididymitis include:

Swelling and pain in the scrotum and testicles
Pain radiating to the groin, lower back, or sides
Painful urination
Frequent urge to urinate
Fever (in some cases)

Effective Management of Epididymitis

Treatment for epididymitis depends on its cause but typically involves:

Antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections
Rest and elevation of the scrotum to reduce swelling
Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications for pain relief
Application of cold packs to alleviate discomfort
Follow-up care to monitor recovery and prevent recurrence

Kidney Stones: A Painful Passage

Kidney stones, hard mineral deposits formed in the kidneys, can cause severe pain that affects the lower back and testicles. The pain often occurs when larger stones obstruct the flow of urine from the kidneys.

Identifying Kidney Stone Symptoms

Key symptoms of kidney stones include:

Sharp pain in the lower back and sides
Pain radiating to the lower abdomen, groin area, and tip of the penis
Painful urination
Blood in the urine
Nausea and vomiting
Cloudy or smelly urine

Treatment Approaches for Kidney Stones

The treatment of kidney stones varies based on their size and the severity of symptoms:

Small stones may pass naturally with increased fluid intake
Pain relievers and medications to relax the ureter can aid passage
Larger stones may require medical intervention, such as shock wave therapy or surgery
Dietary modifications to prevent future stone formation

Testicular Cancer: A Rare but Serious Concern

While rare, testicular cancer can cause lower back and testicle pain. It’s crucial to be aware of the potential signs of this condition for early detection and treatment.

Recognizing Symptoms of Testicular Cancer

Key indicators of testicular cancer include:

A lump or swelling in the testicle
Pain or heaviness in the testicle or scrotum
Lower abdominal or back pain
Breast soreness or unusual growth (due to hormonal changes)
Unexplained fatigue or weight loss

Diagnosis and Treatment of Testicular Cancer

If testicular cancer is suspected, the diagnostic and treatment process typically involves:

Physical examination and medical history review
Ultrasound imaging of the testicles
Blood tests to check for tumor markers
Surgical removal of the affected testicle (if cancer is confirmed)
Additional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, depending on the stage and type of cancer

When to Seek Medical Attention

Experiencing lower back and testicle pain can be concerning, and it’s important to know when to consult a healthcare professional. Seek medical attention if you experience:

Severe or persistent pain in the lower back or testicles
Pain accompanied by fever, nausea, or vomiting
Difficulty urinating or blood in the urine
Swelling or lumps in the testicles
Pain that interferes with daily activities

Early intervention can lead to more effective treatment and prevent potential complications associated with the underlying condition.

Differential Diagnosis: Distinguishing Between Conditions

Given the various potential causes of lower back and testicle pain, a thorough differential diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment. Healthcare providers may employ several diagnostic tools and techniques to determine the underlying cause:

Detailed medical history and physical examination
Urinalysis to check for infections or blood in the urine
Blood tests to assess for infection markers or hormonal imbalances
Imaging studies such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI to visualize internal structures
In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary to rule out malignancies

The process of differential diagnosis helps ensure that the correct condition is identified and treated appropriately, leading to better outcomes for patients experiencing lower back and testicle pain.

Preventive Measures and Lifestyle Modifications

While not all causes of lower back and testicle pain can be prevented, certain lifestyle modifications and preventive measures can reduce the risk of developing some of these conditions:

Maintaining Good Urinary Health

To prevent urinary tract infections and reduce the risk of kidney stones:

Stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water throughout the day
Urinate regularly and completely, avoiding holding urine for long periods
Practice good hygiene, especially before and after sexual activity
Consider cranberry supplements or juice, which may help prevent UTIs

Protecting Spinal Health

To reduce the risk of lumbar spondylolisthesis and other spinal issues:

Maintain good posture during daily activities
Engage in regular exercise to strengthen core and back muscles
Use proper lifting techniques to avoid spinal strain
Consider ergonomic adjustments in your workplace to support spinal health

Promoting Testicular Health

To maintain testicular health and detect potential issues early:

Perform regular self-examinations to check for lumps or changes in the testicles
Wear appropriate protective gear during sports or activities with a risk of testicular injury
Maintain a healthy diet and exercise routine to support overall reproductive health
Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, which can impact testicular function

Coping Strategies for Chronic Pain

For individuals dealing with chronic lower back and testicle pain, developing effective coping strategies is essential for maintaining quality of life. Consider the following approaches:

Pain Management Techniques

Explore relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga
Consider cognitive-behavioral therapy to address the psychological aspects of chronic pain
Investigate alternative therapies like acupuncture or massage, under medical supervision
Develop a consistent sleep routine to promote better rest and pain management

Lifestyle Adjustments

Making certain lifestyle changes can help manage chronic pain:

Modify your work environment to reduce strain on your back and lower body
Incorporate low-impact exercises into your routine, such as swimming or gentle stretching
Use assistive devices when necessary to reduce strain during daily activities
Explore stress-reduction techniques to minimize tension that can exacerbate pain

Support Systems

Building a strong support system is crucial for managing chronic pain:

Join support groups for individuals with similar conditions
Communicate openly with family and friends about your pain and needs
Work closely with your healthcare team to develop and adjust your treatment plan
Consider professional counseling to address the emotional impact of chronic pain

Emerging Research and Future Treatments

The field of medicine is constantly evolving, with ongoing research into new treatments and therapies for conditions causing lower back and testicle pain. Some promising areas of study include:

Advanced Pain Management Techniques

Development of more targeted and effective pain medications with fewer side effects
Exploration of neuromodulation techniques to disrupt pain signals
Research into regenerative medicine approaches, such as stem cell therapy, for tissue repair

Improved Diagnostic Tools

Advancements in diagnostic technology may lead to:

More accurate and less invasive methods for detecting underlying causes of pain
Personalized medicine approaches based on genetic and biomarker analysis
Enhanced imaging techniques for better visualization of soft tissues and nerves

Novel Treatment Approaches

Researchers are investigating innovative treatment options, including:

Targeted immunotherapies for certain types of infections and inflammatory conditions
Minimally invasive surgical techniques for conditions like lumbar spondylolisthesis
Advanced drug delivery systems for more effective and localized treatment

As research progresses, individuals suffering from lower back and testicle pain may have access to more effective and personalized treatment options in the future. Staying informed about these developments and discussing them with healthcare providers can help patients make well-informed decisions about their care.

Causes and when to see a doctor

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

Many people experience lower back pain from time to time. However, lower back pain that occurs along with testicle pain is less common and can indicate an underlying condition that requires medical treatment.

In this article, we discuss some possible causes of lower back and testicle pain. We also cover when to see a doctor.

Lumbar spondylolisthesis is a condition in which one of the vertebrae in the lower part of the spine, called the lumbar region, slips out of place. Spondylolisthesis can occur due to injuries, repetitive strain on the spine, or general wear and tear as a person gets older.

Lumbar spondylolisthesis can cause lower back pain if the slipped vertebra places pressure on one of the spinal nerves. This pain can sometimes radiate down to the testicles or legs.

Other symptoms can include:

These symptoms may improve when a person is sitting or leaning forward.

Treatment

Treatment options for lumbar spondylolisthesis include physical therapy to strengthen the lower back muscles and anti-inflammatory medications to reduce pain and swelling. For people with more severe symptoms, a doctor may prescribe steroid injections.

Surgical treatment may be necessary for people with lumbar spondylolisthesis that does not improve with other treatments and for those with a loss of nerve function.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can occur when bacteria build up in the urinary tract, which includes the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra.

UTIs can cause pain or a burning sensation while urinating, and this pain may extend to the testicles. A person may also experience a constant urge to urinate.

Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen alongside fever, nausea, and vomiting can indicate a kidney infection, which is the most serious type of UTI.

Treatment

People with symptoms of a UTI, particularly a kidney infection, should see a doctor as soon as possible.

Doctors typically prescribe antibiotics for individuals with a bacterial UTI. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions when taking antibiotics and to complete the entire course.

Drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently can help speed up recovery. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can also help relieve pain and discomfort.

Epididymitis is the swelling of the epididymis, a duct that stores and transports sperm from the testicles to the vas deferens.

The swelling of the epididymis can cause pain in the scrotum and testicles that sometimes radiates to other areas of the body, including the groin area and the lower back or sides.

Possible causes of epididymitis include sexually transmitted infections, such as chlamydia, and UTIs. However, there is not always an obvious cause, and in some people, epididymitis can be a chronic condition.

Depending on the cause, a person with epididymitis may also experience symptoms that include painful urination, fever, and a frequent urge to urinate.

Treatment

The type of treatment for epididymitis depends on the cause. A doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics for people with a bacterial infection.

Resting and elevating the scrotum can help reduce swelling. OTC anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen and naproxen, may also provide relief from pain and discomfort. Ibuprofen is available for purchase online.

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that can form in the kidneys. Small kidney stones do not always cause symptoms, but larger stones can block the flow of urine from the kidneys.

Blockages can result in sharp pain in the lower back and sides that may also radiate to the lower abdomen, the groin area, and the tip of the penis.

Other symptoms of kidney stones can include:

Treatment

The treatment options will depend on the severity of the symptoms and the size of the stones.

Smaller stones do not always require treatment and may leave the body in the urine. Drinking plenty of fluid can help the stones pass out more quickly. Doctors may also prescribe pain relievers and medications, such as tamsulosin, to relax the ureter.

A doctor may recommend a medical procedure to remove kidney stones that are large, very painful, or affecting kidney function. Removal procedures can include surgery or the use of shock wave therapy to break the stone into smaller pieces that a person can pass.

Rarely, lower back and testicle pain can be a sign of testicular cancer.

The most common first symptom is either a lump on the testicle or the testicle becoming swollen or larger. Testicular cancer can sometimes cause pain in the testicle and a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum or lower abdomen. Some people may also notice breast soreness or unusual breast growth due to hormonal changes.

If testicular cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause additional symptoms, such as:

Treatment

Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of testicular cancer when the doctor makes the diagnosis. Treatment options can include:

Pelvic floor dysfunction involves difficulty controlling the muscles of the pelvic floor. It forces the surrounding muscles to contract rather than relax.

A person with pelvic floor dysfunction may have difficulty controlling their urination and experience pain in the testicles. This pain is particularly likely to occur in younger patients.

The condition currently affects around 100,000 men in the United States each year.

Other symptoms can include:

painful urination
constipation
pain and pressure in the pelvic region
muscle spasms in the pelvis

Treatment

Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, with an emphasis on contraction, and biofeedback, which involves learning to control bodily processes that are usually involuntary.

Doctors may also prescribe muscle relaxants to help prevent the pelvic muscles from contracting.

If a person has certain accompanying issues, such as rectal prolapse, a doctor may recommend surgery to loosen the pelvic organs.

People with lower back and testicle pain should see a doctor if the pain is severe, does not get better, or is interfering with daily life. It is also important to seek medical advice if the pain occurs along with other symptoms, such as an unexplained lump or swelling in the testicles.

A person should seek immediate medical attention for symptoms of kidney stones or a kidney infection. These can include:

fever and chills
blood in the urine
nausea and vomiting
severe pain in the sides, back, lower abdomen, or groin area
pain or difficulty urinating

When testicle pain occurs along with lower back pain, it can indicate an underlying condition. Possible causes include kidney stones, infections, and spinal problems.

People should see a doctor if the pain is severe, does not go away, or occurs along with other concerning symptoms.

Causes and when to see a doctor

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

In this article, we discuss some possible causes of lower back and testicle pain. We also cover when to see a doctor.

Lumbar spondylolisthesis can cause lower back pain if the slipped vertebra places pressure on one of the spinal nerves. This pain can sometimes radiate down to the testicles or legs.

Other symptoms can include:

These symptoms may improve when a person is sitting or leaning forward.

Treatment

Surgical treatment may be necessary for people with lumbar spondylolisthesis that does not improve with other treatments and for those with a loss of nerve function.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can occur when bacteria build up in the urinary tract, which includes the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra.

UTIs can cause pain or a burning sensation while urinating, and this pain may extend to the testicles. A person may also experience a constant urge to urinate.

Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen alongside fever, nausea, and vomiting can indicate a kidney infection, which is the most serious type of UTI.

Treatment

People with symptoms of a UTI, particularly a kidney infection, should see a doctor as soon as possible.

Doctors typically prescribe antibiotics for individuals with a bacterial UTI. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions when taking antibiotics and to complete the entire course.

Drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently can help speed up recovery. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can also help relieve pain and discomfort.

Epididymitis is the swelling of the epididymis, a duct that stores and transports sperm from the testicles to the vas deferens.

The swelling of the epididymis can cause pain in the scrotum and testicles that sometimes radiates to other areas of the body, including the groin area and the lower back or sides.

Depending on the cause, a person with epididymitis may also experience symptoms that include painful urination, fever, and a frequent urge to urinate.

Treatment

The type of treatment for epididymitis depends on the cause. A doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics for people with a bacterial infection.

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that can form in the kidneys. Small kidney stones do not always cause symptoms, but larger stones can block the flow of urine from the kidneys.

Blockages can result in sharp pain in the lower back and sides that may also radiate to the lower abdomen, the groin area, and the tip of the penis.

Other symptoms of kidney stones can include:

Treatment

The treatment options will depend on the severity of the symptoms and the size of the stones.

Rarely, lower back and testicle pain can be a sign of testicular cancer.

If testicular cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause additional symptoms, such as:

Treatment

Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of testicular cancer when the doctor makes the diagnosis. Treatment options can include:

Pelvic floor dysfunction involves difficulty controlling the muscles of the pelvic floor. It forces the surrounding muscles to contract rather than relax.

A person with pelvic floor dysfunction may have difficulty controlling their urination and experience pain in the testicles. This pain is particularly likely to occur in younger patients.

The condition currently affects around 100,000 men in the United States each year.

Other symptoms can include:

painful urination
constipation
pain and pressure in the pelvic region
muscle spasms in the pelvis

Treatment

Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, with an emphasis on contraction, and biofeedback, which involves learning to control bodily processes that are usually involuntary.

Doctors may also prescribe muscle relaxants to help prevent the pelvic muscles from contracting.

If a person has certain accompanying issues, such as rectal prolapse, a doctor may recommend surgery to loosen the pelvic organs.

A person should seek immediate medical attention for symptoms of kidney stones or a kidney infection. These can include:

fever and chills
blood in the urine
nausea and vomiting
severe pain in the sides, back, lower abdomen, or groin area
pain or difficulty urinating

When testicle pain occurs along with lower back pain, it can indicate an underlying condition. Possible causes include kidney stones, infections, and spinal problems.

People should see a doctor if the pain is severe, does not go away, or occurs along with other concerning symptoms.

Causes and when to see a doctor

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

In this article, we discuss some possible causes of lower back and testicle pain. We also cover when to see a doctor.

Lumbar spondylolisthesis can cause lower back pain if the slipped vertebra places pressure on one of the spinal nerves. This pain can sometimes radiate down to the testicles or legs.

Other symptoms can include:

These symptoms may improve when a person is sitting or leaning forward.

Treatment

Surgical treatment may be necessary for people with lumbar spondylolisthesis that does not improve with other treatments and for those with a loss of nerve function.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can occur when bacteria build up in the urinary tract, which includes the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra.

UTIs can cause pain or a burning sensation while urinating, and this pain may extend to the testicles. A person may also experience a constant urge to urinate.

Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen alongside fever, nausea, and vomiting can indicate a kidney infection, which is the most serious type of UTI.

Treatment

People with symptoms of a UTI, particularly a kidney infection, should see a doctor as soon as possible.

Doctors typically prescribe antibiotics for individuals with a bacterial UTI. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions when taking antibiotics and to complete the entire course.

Drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently can help speed up recovery. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can also help relieve pain and discomfort.

Epididymitis is the swelling of the epididymis, a duct that stores and transports sperm from the testicles to the vas deferens.

The swelling of the epididymis can cause pain in the scrotum and testicles that sometimes radiates to other areas of the body, including the groin area and the lower back or sides.

Depending on the cause, a person with epididymitis may also experience symptoms that include painful urination, fever, and a frequent urge to urinate.

Treatment

The type of treatment for epididymitis depends on the cause. A doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics for people with a bacterial infection.

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that can form in the kidneys. Small kidney stones do not always cause symptoms, but larger stones can block the flow of urine from the kidneys.

Blockages can result in sharp pain in the lower back and sides that may also radiate to the lower abdomen, the groin area, and the tip of the penis.

Other symptoms of kidney stones can include:

Treatment

The treatment options will depend on the severity of the symptoms and the size of the stones.

Rarely, lower back and testicle pain can be a sign of testicular cancer.

If testicular cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause additional symptoms, such as:

Treatment

Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of testicular cancer when the doctor makes the diagnosis. Treatment options can include:

Pelvic floor dysfunction involves difficulty controlling the muscles of the pelvic floor. It forces the surrounding muscles to contract rather than relax.

A person with pelvic floor dysfunction may have difficulty controlling their urination and experience pain in the testicles. This pain is particularly likely to occur in younger patients.

The condition currently affects around 100,000 men in the United States each year.

Other symptoms can include:

painful urination
constipation
pain and pressure in the pelvic region
muscle spasms in the pelvis

Treatment

Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, with an emphasis on contraction, and biofeedback, which involves learning to control bodily processes that are usually involuntary.

Doctors may also prescribe muscle relaxants to help prevent the pelvic muscles from contracting.

If a person has certain accompanying issues, such as rectal prolapse, a doctor may recommend surgery to loosen the pelvic organs.

A person should seek immediate medical attention for symptoms of kidney stones or a kidney infection. These can include:

fever and chills
blood in the urine
nausea and vomiting
severe pain in the sides, back, lower abdomen, or groin area
pain or difficulty urinating

When testicle pain occurs along with lower back pain, it can indicate an underlying condition. Possible causes include kidney stones, infections, and spinal problems.

People should see a doctor if the pain is severe, does not go away, or occurs along with other concerning symptoms.

Causes and when to see a doctor

We include products we think are useful for our readers. If you buy through links on this page, we may earn a small commission. Here’s our process.

In this article, we discuss some possible causes of lower back and testicle pain. We also cover when to see a doctor.

Lumbar spondylolisthesis can cause lower back pain if the slipped vertebra places pressure on one of the spinal nerves. This pain can sometimes radiate down to the testicles or legs.

Other symptoms can include:

These symptoms may improve when a person is sitting or leaning forward.

Treatment

Surgical treatment may be necessary for people with lumbar spondylolisthesis that does not improve with other treatments and for those with a loss of nerve function.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) can occur when bacteria build up in the urinary tract, which includes the bladder, kidneys, ureters, and urethra.

UTIs can cause pain or a burning sensation while urinating, and this pain may extend to the testicles. A person may also experience a constant urge to urinate.

Severe pain in the lower back or abdomen alongside fever, nausea, and vomiting can indicate a kidney infection, which is the most serious type of UTI.

Treatment

People with symptoms of a UTI, particularly a kidney infection, should see a doctor as soon as possible.

Doctors typically prescribe antibiotics for individuals with a bacterial UTI. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions when taking antibiotics and to complete the entire course.

Drinking plenty of water and urinating frequently can help speed up recovery. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications can also help relieve pain and discomfort.

Epididymitis is the swelling of the epididymis, a duct that stores and transports sperm from the testicles to the vas deferens.

The swelling of the epididymis can cause pain in the scrotum and testicles that sometimes radiates to other areas of the body, including the groin area and the lower back or sides.

Depending on the cause, a person with epididymitis may also experience symptoms that include painful urination, fever, and a frequent urge to urinate.

Treatment

The type of treatment for epididymitis depends on the cause. A doctor will usually prescribe antibiotics for people with a bacterial infection.

Kidney stones are hard mineral deposits that can form in the kidneys. Small kidney stones do not always cause symptoms, but larger stones can block the flow of urine from the kidneys.

Blockages can result in sharp pain in the lower back and sides that may also radiate to the lower abdomen, the groin area, and the tip of the penis.

Other symptoms of kidney stones can include:

Treatment

The treatment options will depend on the severity of the symptoms and the size of the stones.

Rarely, lower back and testicle pain can be a sign of testicular cancer.

If testicular cancer spreads to other parts of the body, it can cause additional symptoms, such as:

Treatment

Treatment varies depending on the type and stage of testicular cancer when the doctor makes the diagnosis. Treatment options can include:

Pelvic floor dysfunction involves difficulty controlling the muscles of the pelvic floor. It forces the surrounding muscles to contract rather than relax.

A person with pelvic floor dysfunction may have difficulty controlling their urination and experience pain in the testicles. This pain is particularly likely to occur in younger patients.

The condition currently affects around 100,000 men in the United States each year.

Other symptoms can include:

painful urination
constipation
pain and pressure in the pelvic region
muscle spasms in the pelvis

Treatment

Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, with an emphasis on contraction, and biofeedback, which involves learning to control bodily processes that are usually involuntary.

Doctors may also prescribe muscle relaxants to help prevent the pelvic muscles from contracting.

If a person has certain accompanying issues, such as rectal prolapse, a doctor may recommend surgery to loosen the pelvic organs.

A person should seek immediate medical attention for symptoms of kidney stones or a kidney infection. These can include:

fever and chills
blood in the urine
nausea and vomiting
severe pain in the sides, back, lower abdomen, or groin area
pain or difficulty urinating

When testicle pain occurs along with lower back pain, it can indicate an underlying condition. Possible causes include kidney stones, infections, and spinal problems.

People should see a doctor if the pain is severe, does not go away, or occurs along with other concerning symptoms.

Testicular Cancer Signs and Symptoms

Many of these symptoms are more likely to be caused by something other than testicular cancer.
A number of non-cancerous conditions, such as testicle injury or inflammation, can cause symptoms a lot like those of testicular cancer. Inflammation of the testicle (known as orchitis) and inflammation of the epididymis (epididymitis) can cause swelling and pain of the testicle. Both of these also can be caused by viral or bacterial infections.

Some men with testicular cancer have no symptoms at all, and their cancer is found during medical testing for other conditions. For instance, sometimes imaging tests done to find the cause of infertility can uncover a small testicular cancer.

But if you have any of these signs or symptoms, see your doctor right away.

Lump or swelling in the testicle

Most often, the first symptom of testicular cancer is a lump on the testicle, or the testicle becomes swollen or larger. (It’s normal for one testicle to be slightly larger than the other, and for one to hang lower than the other.) Some testicular tumors might cause pain, but most of the time they don’t. Men with testicular cancer can also have a feeling of heaviness or aching in the lower belly (abdomen) or scrotum.

Breast growth or soreness

In rare cases, germ cell tumors can make breasts grow or become sore. This happens because certain types of germ cell tumors secrete high levels of a hormone called human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), which stimulates breast development.

Some Leydig cell tumors can make estrogens (female sex hormones), which can cause breast growth or loss of sexual desire.

Early puberty in boys

Some Leydig cell tumors can make androgens (male sex hormones). Androgen-producing tumors may not cause any symptoms in men, but in boys they can cause signs of puberty at an abnormally early age, such as a deepening voice and the growth of facial and body hair.

Symptoms of advanced testicular cancer

Even if testicular cancer has spread to other parts of the body, many men might not have symptoms right away. But some men might have some of the following:

Low back pain, from cancer spread to the lymph nodes
(bean-sized collections of immune cells) in back of the belly.
Shortness of breath, chest pain, or a cough (even coughing up blood) may develop from cancer spread in the lungs.
Belly pain, either from enlarged lymph nodes or because the cancer has spread to the liver.
Headaches or confusion, from cancer spread in the brain.

Epididymitis: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

Overview

Male urinary system

What is epididymitis?

Epididymitis is inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the epididymis, a tube at the back of the testicle that carries sperm. This swelling can cause intense pain in the testicle. It can occur in men of any age, though it happens most often in men between the ages of 14 and 35. There are an estimated 600,000 cases of epididymitis in the United States each year.

Symptoms and Causes

What causes epididymitis?

Most cases of epididymitis are caused by an infection, usually by the bacteria Mycoplasma or Chlamydia. These infections often come by way of sexually transmitted diseases. The bacterium E. coli can also cause the condition. Other infections, including with the mumps virus and, rarely, tuberculosis, can also cause epididymitis.

Sometimes epididymitis occurs when urine flows backward into the epididymis. This can happen as a result of heavy lifting. Other causes of epididymitis include:

Blockage in the urethra (the tube that carries urine from the body)
An enlarged or infected prostate gland (a muscular, walnut-sized gland that surrounds part of the urethra)
Use of a catheter (a tube that drains the bladder)
Traumatic groin injury

What are the symptoms of epididymitis?

Symptoms of epididymitis include:

Pain in the scrotum, sometimes moving to the rest of the groin
Swelling and redness in the testicle
Blood in the semen
Fever and chills
Pain when urinating

Diagnosis and Tests

How is epididymitis diagnosed?

To diagnose epididymitis, the doctor will do a physical exam, and will examine the scrotum to look for a tender area or lump. The doctor may also order a urinalysis (urine test) to look for bacteria in the urine. In some cases, doctors use an imaging test called an ultrasound to examine the scrotum.

Management and Treatment

How is epididymitis treated?

Epididymitis caused by bacteria is treated with antibiotics, most often doxycycline (Oracea®, Monodox®), ciprofloxacin (Cipro®), levofloxacin (Levaquin®), or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim®). Antibiotics are usually taken for 1 to 2 weeks.

Men who have epididymitis can also relieve their symptoms by:

Resting
Elevating the scrotum
Applying ice packs to the affected area
Drinking fluids
Taking anti-inflammatory medications for the pain

What are complications of epididymitis?

If epididymitis is not treated, complications can develop, including an abscess (pus-filled sac) in the scrotum. The scrotum’s skin may open because of swelling and infection.

In rare cases, epididymitis can cause fertility problems in men. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications.

Prevention

Can epididymitis be prevented?

You can reduce your risk of developing epididymitis by:

Using condoms during sex
Avoiding strenuous lifting or physical activity
Minimizing long periods of sitting

Outlook / Prognosis

What is the outlook for men who have epididymitis?

Epididymitis usually does not cause any long-term problems. Most men who are treated for the condition start to feel better after 3 days, though discomfort and swelling may last weeks or even months after finishing antibiotic treatment.

It is important to finish the entire treatment recommended by your doctor. If symptoms return, follow up with your doctor. Follow-up can rule out other conditions, including a tumor or testicular cancer.

Living With

When should I call my doctor about epididymitis?

Call your doctor if you develop any symptoms of epididymitis. If your doctor confirms that your infection comes from a sexually transmitted disease, be sure to let recent sex partners know so that they can be examined and treated.

Epididymitis – Better Health Channel

The epididymis is a series of small tubes that collects and stores sperm. It is attached to the back of each testicle. One of the most common causes of pain in the scrotum is epididymitis – inflammation of these coiled tubes – which may be due to an infection. Epididymo-orchitis is the spread of the infection to the testicle.

Epididymitis is usually a secondary bacterial infection that can be triggered by a range of conditions, such as a urinary tract infection or a sexually transmissible infection (STI). The bacteria in the urethra (the tube carrying urine and sperm from the penis) move through the urinary and reproductive structures to the epididymis.

Treatment options include antibiotics and bed rest. Some men develop chronic epididymitis, which is inflammation even when there is no infection.

Symptoms of epididymitis

The symptoms of epididymitis include:

swollen (enlarged), red or warm testicle
feeling of heaviness in the affected testicle
tenderness or pain in the affected testicle
pain in the abdomen or pelvis
frequent urge to urinate
burning feeling when urinating
discharge from the penis
blood in the urine
pain when ejaculating
slight fever
chills.

Causes of epididymitis

Most cases of epididymitis are caused by bacterial infection. Causes include:

urinary tract infections
sexually transmissible infections (STIs), such as chlamydia or gonorrhoea
recent genito-urinary surgery, including prostatectomy (the surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland)
the use of a urinary catheter
some congenital kidney and bladder problems.

Complications of epididymitis

If left untreated, acute epididymitis can lead to a range of complications, including:

chronic epididymitis – the inflammation can become persistent, even when there is no bacterial infection present
abscess – a ball of pus can accumulate inside the epididymis or nearby structures, requiring surgery to drain the pus
destruction of the epididymis – the inflammation can permanently damage or even destroy the epididymis and testicle, which can lead to infertility
spread of infection – the infection can spread from the scrotum to any other structure or system of the body.

Diagnosis of epididymitis

It can be hard to tell the difference between epididymitis and testicular torsion, especially in younger men. Testicular torsion is when the testicle has twisted and cut off its supply of blood. Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency. Sometimes, epididymitis and testicular torsion occur at the same time.

Epididymitis can be diagnosed using a number of tests, including:

physical examination
medical history
urine tests
STI tests
blood tests
ultrasound of the testes.

Treatment for epididymitis

The treatment options for epididymitis include:

antibiotics
antibiotics for any sexual partners (if an STI was the cause)
bed rest
pain-relieving medication
cold compresses applied regularly to the scrotum
elevation of the scrotum
a stay in hospital (in cases of severe infection)
a check-up afterwards to make sure the infection has cleared up.

Chronic epididymitis

Some men develop chronic epididymitis, which is inflammation even when there is no infection. The cause is not known, but it is thought that hypersensitivity of certain structures, including nerves and muscles, may cause or contribute to the condition.

Some of the known risk factors for chronic epididymitis include genito-urinary surgery, exposure to STIs and past acute epididymitis. However, a man without these risk factors can still develop the condition.

Diagnosis of chronic epididymitis

Tests are needed to distinguish chronic epididymitis from a range of other disorders that can cause constant scrotal pain, such as testicular cancer, enlarged scrotal veins (varicocele) or a cyst in the epididymis. Tests can include physical examination and ultrasound.

Treatment for chronic epididymitis

Chronic epididymitis is difficult to treat. Antibiotics should not be used, as there is no infection. Treatment options include:

frequent warm baths
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDs)
medication to alter nerve messages to the scrotum
rarely, surgery to remove the affected epididymis
stress management techniques.

Where to get help

90,000 Epididymitis: a description of the disease, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Epididymitis is an inflammation of the ovarian epididymis. The disease is an inflammatory process that can be infectious or non-infectious. A male disease requires immediate medical attention and the start of effective treatment. Men of any age are at risk. It is most common during sexual activity.

Most often, epididymitis occurs against the background of previously transferred viral or infectious diseases.Traumatic actions can also cause illness. The infection usually affects one testicle, and then there is a possibility of its transfer to the second. A chronic form is called a disease when it lasts for six months.

If you avoid seeking timely help, then surgical intervention will be inevitable. You should not wait for the very last stage, because sometimes such circumstances entail amputation of the testicle. At an early stage, there is every chance of curing epididymitis.There are many drugs that can prevent complications from developing. A timely visit to a urologist will help you get rid of the trouble faster due to the right treatment.

Occurrence of epididymitis in men

The development can be caused by various factors. The most common is a bacterial infection. Over 80 percent of the stronger sex are faced with the disease for this very reason. Sexually transmitted infections, namely syphilis, HPV, herpes, gonorrhea, Trichomonas are the most common causative agents of epididymitis.Young men are more likely to suffer from STIs, as they lead an active sex life. Intestinal occurs in men, usually over 45 years of age. Sometimes bacteria or fungi are the cause of the disease.

Children suffer from epididymitis due to viral diseases such as measles or smallpox. Inflammation can begin as a result of the flu at an early age. Taking some drugs that affect hormonal development, as well as taking some heart drugs, can provoke pathology.

Also, the development of epididymitis can provoke an injury to the groin area, for example, as a result of injury or after surgery. Also, causal factors include the following:

Numerous relationships of a sexual nature.
A variety of sexual partners without protective equipment.
Prolonged hypothermia of the body.

Infectious epididymitis is most often caused by pathogenic bacteria. It moves towards the vas deferens, through the urethra and the prostate, so the disease develops in most patients. Young guys meet with this disease as a result of chlamydia, gonorrhea, treponema, so you should regularly get tested and undergo a preventive examination.

In the older generation, E. coli is observed, which can cause disturbances in the bladder.The infection affects the appendages. Anal intercourse increases the risk of developing the disease. Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus is also the causative agent of epididymitis. Pseudomonas, mycoplasma and ureaplasma can carry bacteria through the blood vessels in the tissue. In people with weak immunity, fungi of the genus Candida, blastomycosis, coccidioidosis, cytomegalovirus become provocateurs. Inflammation in the scrotum can be caused by urine from the urethra, affecting the vas deferens.

Heavy sports, weight lifting, as well as rough intercourse are not allowed.Epididymitis can occur with prostate adenoma. In the elderly, in half of the cases, with the disease, the narrowing of the urethra is disturbed and deformed, accompanied by the proliferation of the endometrium of the membranes of the epididymis. As a result, urine is thrown into the genitourinary organs, which leads to the development of pathogens. Therefore, it is impossible to retain urine for a long time and postpone going to the toilet.

With Behcet’s syndrome, as well as Shenlein-Henoch syndrome, epididymitis develops in more than 15% of people.During these diseases, inflammation appears, the scrotal organs are affected. With drug-induced epididymitis, both testicles are affected. Taking medications can increase the likelihood of the development of pathology, as well as cause processes in the body in which the synthesis of antibodies begins, which causes lymph leakage and proliferation of connective tissue.

With impaired blood circulation in the small pelvis, congestive pathology appears, which may be associated with interruption of sexual intercourse, defecation disorders, and the presence of nodes in the rectum.Tissues do not receive sufficient nourishment from the blood vessels, the immune defense decreases sharply and bacteria immediately begin to develop.

After removal of the vas deferens, about 0.1% of the stronger sex, the risk of developing the disease increases. There are painful sensations in the epididymis, testicles. They are of a different nature, dull or aching. Chronic pain is caused by retention of sperm, and after surgery, the secretion of semen continues, against this background, inflammation and granuloma appear.

The most important factors of the disease are surgical intervention, in second place – trauma, in the last – hypothermia. The risk of developing the disease increases if a man does not observe personal intimate hygiene. Indiscriminate sexual intercourse, congenital anomalies and previous surgeries negatively affect. If the patient has suffered or is sick with such diseases as:

Circumcision in men reduces the risk of developing many diseases, in particular, epididymitis.There are cases when epididymitis appears for no reason, or it is impossible to determine its origin, such a case is called ideopathy.

Classification of pathology

According to the course of the inflammatory process, it is divided into: specific and non-specific type.

Also classified by the name of the pathogens. The following types of pathogens are distinguished:

Mushrooms;
Bacteria;
Viruses;
Chlamydia;
Mycoplasma.

According to the form of the course, acute, subacute, chronic and recurrent epididymitis are distinguished. The acute form occurs in the generation under 35 years of age. Initially manifested by acute pain in the testicle, this is the first sign that you need to seek medical help. Pain can be transmitted to the perineum, sacrum, and pubic region. Symptoms become unbearable within a day after manifestation. The pain is followed by swelling of the scrotum. There is swelling and redness of the skin.Palpation is painful, near the testicle, you can feel the compaction of the tissue, which can double hourly in volume. In the acute form, a person feels chills, frequent urination, pain in the scrotum during calmness and movement. Sometimes, the disease is accompanied by vomiting and nausea, decreased sexual activity, discharge from the external opening of the penis.

These sensations decrease after a few days. For this reason, many men postpone visiting the clinic, which is a great misconception.At the site of inflammation, scars may appear, blocking the ejaculation.

Against the background of acute epididymitis, a chronic disease develops. It occurs after six months of the course of the disease without treatment. A man may not even be aware of such a problem. Outwardly, no changes were observed in the groin. Only during an exacerbation can you feel discomfort in the testicles. In some cases, the testicle increases in size, the ejaculatory duct becomes larger.

Most often, the disease appears abruptly.Unpleasant sensations in the groin are the first signs of a violation or development of an infection. The appearance of even minor symptoms, for example, frequent urination or premature ejaculation, which men often do not pay attention to, are mandatory to go to a medical institution. The pain can be associated with testicular torsion, which is a very serious problem. Immediate therapy is required in order to be able to maintain the vitality and functionality of the organ.

Diagnostic measures

If a man or boy has some symptoms of epididymitis, then you should immediately make an appointment with a highly qualified specialist.The urologist will diagnose and accurately diagnose for further treatment. In some cases, patients need to be hospitalized. The path of recovery directly depends on the period of the illness you went to the hospital. This will help not only to cure more effectively, but also to avoid many complications.

The most common way to diagnose epididymitis is through a physical examination, in which the patient will describe their complaints. Examination of the prostate, glands, and vesicles can help detect an infection.Based on such an examination, the doctor will prescribe a number of research techniques, such as:

General and biochemical blood test. If the level of leukocytes, monocytes is elevated in the blood, then this may be the cause of tuberculosis or brucellosis. An increase in ESR indicates inflammatory processes in the body. Renal failure is manifested by an excess of keratin. Epididymitis is characterized by an increase in gamma globulins and c-reactive protein.
Laboratory examination of urine.Thanks to this analysis, diseases of the urinary tract are detected.
Urethral swab. Determination of the internal environment of the organ, detection of STIs. Direct microscopy can help identify the causative agent of epididymitis. The material taken is examined under a microscope, and the material is also placed in a special environment favorable for the reproduction of the pathogen. For the material, smears, secretions, urine, semen, fluid from the prostate gland are used.
Doppler ultrasound of the pelvic organs, as well as conventional ultrasound of the scrotum. Designed to quickly locate the affected area. The procedure is quick and painless, one of the leading in the diagnosis of this disease.
CT or MRI. This method will help to examine the focus as accurately as possible and determine the state of the scrotal organs, see the beginning of the abscess on the screen and determine the stage of inflammation.

When diagnosing, it is necessary to conduct an examination and check the analyzes of the sexual partner without fail, even in the complete absence of symptoms. Based on these data, the urologist prescribes treatment, it can be home or inpatient.

Possible complications of epididymitis

If you start the disease, then there is a possibility of facing big problems for men’s health. Timely treatment almost always carries a favorable prognosis.For treatment, special drugs are prescribed, as well as various physiotherapy procedures. Rapid treatment preserves fertility. If the disease does not respond to treatment, then a chronic form will appear.

In 50% of cases, epididymitis leads to the death of the epididymis, the man will remain sterile forever. An abscess, the formation of adhesions and fistulas, impaired blood circulation in the testicle contributes to this. The development of bilateral epididymitis leads to impaired reproductive function.

Male infertility occurs for the following reasons:

Violation of the secretion of the gonads indicates the absence of crystallization and estrogen deficiency.
Infections have a detrimental effect on the vital functions of sperm.
The pathways along which the seed is excreted lose their functionality.
Violation of immunity.

Varieties of pathology treatment

Complex treatment is used to treat epididymitis.The beginning is to take medications: antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins. Antimicrobial therapy eliminates pathogens and stops their further development. The antibiotic has the strongest effect, the course usually lasts about 10 days. The doctor determines the duration and dosage of the drugs used. To eliminate pain, blockade and antispasmodics are used.

Medication treatment differs depending on the age of the patient, and the course will also be different in the presence of sexually transmitted diseases.The drugs can be changed if the desired result is not achieved. If the epididymitis was caused by taking a heart drug, then you should consult a cardiologist.

Inpatient treatment or bed rest at home is recommended to restrict movement and improve circulation, a scrotal support should be used. It helps to quickly relieve inflammation and restore damage after trauma. A cold compress can help relieve swelling and relieve pain.You should adhere to proper nutrition, do not eat spicy, salty, fried foods. To drink a lot of water.

After carrying out drug treatment and normalizing the patient’s condition, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed. For example, the effect of an electromagnetic field on the body, deep heating of tissues (this method is used for tissue inflammation).

If the patient has suppuration, torsion of the testicle or epididymis, acute manifestation of epididymitis, then a surgical operation is prescribed.It is performed in such cases:

Obstruction of the appendage.
Abscess.
Epididymitis caused by tuberculosis.
Torsion of the epididymis or testicle.
Acute or chronic form for a long time.
The impossibility of carrying out complex treatment.
Severe form and acute pain.
Ineffectiveness of other treatments.

The operation is selected depending on the course of the pathology and the patient’s condition.

Epididymectomy. Complete removal of the epididymis.The epididymis and the vas deferens are removed through an incision in the scrotum. The operation completely eliminates serious complications, but at the same time, the reproductive function is partially lost.

Puncture. It is carried out with a needle. Helps reduce internal pressure, inflammation and pain. With extensive lesions, it is not effective.

Resection. Partial removal of the epididymis limits the spread of suppuration from the affected area. Through the incision, selective removal of the part where the appendage is affected is performed.

Orihectomy. In severe cases, it sometimes becomes the only method. If the removal is bilateral, the man becomes infertile, the function of the secretion of the male hormone is impaired. Removal of the testicle and epididymis begins with opening the inguinal canal. The organs are removed, drainage is established, and the wound is sutured.

Children’s epididymitis

The disease is rare in childhood. The main causes of development in children are a viral disease such as mumps, ARVI, smallpox, mononucleosis.In adolescents, it occurs against the background of sexually transmitted diseases, they are also transmitted in utero, from mother to child. With reduced immunity, mushrooms can also cause development.

The manifestation in the first years of life is difficult to detect. The temperature rises, vomiting occurs. The child cries and becomes irritated because of the pain. The testicle may be enlarged, discharge from the urethra is observed. With tuberculosis, the symptoms are sluggish, the symptoms may not be observed or be mild.An appeal to a pediatric urologist should be immediate and obligatory, men’s health, procreation and even human life depend on it.

Childhood prophylaxis is an epididymitis injection, given at one and six years of age. It will help to avoid the disease or to recover from it in a mild form. You need to take care of hygiene, change your linen in time, wash your genitals. Do not self-medicate, do not use folk remedies, tinctures, lotions and compresses to the baby’s genitals.

Sexual contact

During the course of epididymitis, having sex may be prohibited for various factors and the form of the disease. In acute manifestation, complete sexual rest is prescribed. The chronic course does not restrict a person in such relationships. If you have an infection, you should use contraceptives, namely condoms, until you are cured. Masturbation is not prohibited and has no effect on the course of the disease.

Low back pain

Low back pain often manifests itself as a consequence of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, for example, osteochondrosis, radiculitis.In women, it can also be due to gynecological diseases. Back pain in the lumbar region is characterized as “cutting”, “dull”, “stabbing”, “pulling” and others. The nature of the painful sensations depends entirely on the reasons that caused them.

Depending on the underlying causes of the condition, other clinical signs of the disease may join the pain. For example, patients often complain of numbness in the arms or legs, difficulty in movement, muscle weakness, and decreased performance.Other accompanying symptoms include headaches, discomfort in the lower back, and dysfunction of internal organs.

Causes of back pain

Age-related degenerative-dystrophic changes in the structures of the spinal column and adjacent tissues;
damage to nerve fibers and nerve nodules near the spinal column;
inflammatory processes in cartilaginous and bone structures;
adiculitis in the lumbar spine, lumbago, sciatica, intervertebral hernia and many other diseases of the musculoskeletal system;
appendicitis, cholecystitis and other inflammatory lesions of internal organs;
obesity of the fourth degree, provoking a high load on the lumbar spine;
benign and malignant tumors;
infectious diseases, most often – infectious lesions of bone tissue;
in women – adnexitis, torsion of the ovarian cyst, pregnancy or menopause;
in men, prostatitis or epididymitis.

Treatment of back pain

To diagnose the nature of back pain, the neurologist simply asks about the complaints. And in order to find out the cause of the pain syndrome, he conducts a comprehensive diagnosis. Collecting anamnesis, asking additional questions, examining the patient, performing simple physical tests. Referral for additional studies – for example, a complete blood and urine test, X-ray or computed tomography of the lumbar spine.

Low back pain treatment is usually complex. First of all, the cause of the pain is identified and specialized treatment is prescribed by the appropriate specialists, for example, a rheumatologist, gynecologist.

In the period of remission, he recommends physiotherapy exercises, physiotherapy procedures, manual therapy and other methods of exposure.

What to do in case of an attack of back pain

If you have a sharp attack of lower back pain, then you need to measure your body temperature.If it is increased, then there is a high probability that the pain syndrome is caused by an infectious or inflammatory process. You must immediately call a doctor or go to a hospital.

If the pain is caused by a muscle strain or injury, take a pain reliever or anti-inflammatory medication and get into a comfortable position. And be sure to see a doctor.

In the case when lower back pain accompanies a chronic disease, such as osteochondrosis, take the measures prescribed by your doctor.

Prevention of back pain

Lead an active lifestyle to prevent the weakening of the muscle corset: do exercises in the morning, walk or work out in the gym;
do not lift weights or engage in professional sports without proper training;
Maintain correct posture, especially when sedentary work, and take breaks every hour;
come for preventive examinations at least once a year in order to identify the asymptomatic course of the disease in time.

<br />

Determine the true cause of pain

Relieve pain, inflammation and swelling

Prevent the development of complications

Let’s return the previous mobility

Pain in the scrotum

A problem such as scrotal pain is experienced not only by mature men, but also by adolescents.Annoying pain sensations may indicate serious diseases leading to impotence and infertility. Often, the cause of the problem can be detected and eliminated immediately, but the fact that in 25% of cases it remains unknown still leads to the conclusion that pain of this nature cannot be tolerated in any case!

Causes of pain in the scrotum

The scrotum is a musculocutaneous formation that is divided into two halves; in each – a testicle with an epididymis and a spermatic cord.It is thanks to the scrotum, which, depending on external conditions, descends or is pulled up to the body, that the testicles are always at the most comfortable temperature – 34.4 degrees.

Pain in the scrotum indicates problems that can later lead to serious consequences, therefore, at the first unpleasant sensations, you should not delay visiting a urologist or andrologist.

The causes of pain in the scrotum can be:

Testicular torsion.
Injury.
Inguinal hernia.
Hydrocele (accumulation of fluid in the scrotum).
Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum).
Infectious and inflammatory processes in the testicle or epididymis.
Prostatitis.
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
Oncological diseases (cancer).
Sexual arousal without intercourse.

Symptoms of pain in the scrotum

Regardless of the nature, pain in the scrotum is a symptom that cannot be ignored.Professional advice and help is required.

See your doctor right away if you:

Feel pain from just touching the testicles.
One testicle became noticeably larger, softer, changed its shape.
Pain in the scrotum arose sharply and intensified.
Pain after a scrotal injury does not subside within an hour.
In addition to pain, your fever has increased, your general condition has worsened; nausea and vomiting are present.
There was an involuntary urination and pain in the canal.

Acute pain in the scrotum

Acute pain in the scrotum most often occurs with trauma or testicular torsion. But at the same time, they can appear with advanced diseases.

In case of mechanical damage (in some cases with loss of consciousness), it is necessary to urgently seek medical help in order to avoid testicular loss or infertility.

If acute pain in the scrotum appears abruptly without any obvious effects, then this indicates testicular torsion.The spermatic cord on which it is suspended is twisted 360 degrees (by the way, the reasons for this twist are not known for certain). In this case, the vas deferens is squeezed and the blood circulation of the testicle is interrupted. Acute pain cannot be tolerated as it can lead to testicular death.

In the case when acute pain is accompanied by a protrusion of the peritoneum, you are faced with an inguinal hernia.

Drawing and aching pain in the scrotum

Most often, the pain in the scrotum does not arise abruptly, but increases over time and has a pulling or aching character.No matter how much one would like, it is impossible to make a diagnosis independently in this case.

The causes of pulling and aching pain in the scrotum can be the following diseases:

Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis caused by bacteria. Usually only one appendage becomes inflamed, aching pains haunt the patient for about three days. In addition, the temperature may rise, spontaneous urination and burning sensation in the canal appear.
Varicocele – enlargement of the veins of the scrotum.The pulling pain grows and becomes unbearable over time.
Orchitis is an inflammation of the testicles that occurs after mumps. In this case, the testicle swells, and the body temperature “jumps”.

In addition, pulling and aching pain in the scrotum can be an echo of other problems – urolithiasis, cyst or kidney tumor.

Pain between anus and scrotum

Sharp, cutting, aching – pain of any nature between the anus and the scrotum is a sign of prostatitis.

It disrupts the rhythm of life and sleep, and arises regardless of activity.

If the pain in the scrotum is severe and accompanied by chills, fever and frequent urination, then this indicates a neglected disease.

Pain in the scrotum after sex

Pain in the scrotum after sex can be experienced by both young people and mature men. As in all other cases, only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis for a patient with such a symptom.

However, the most common cause of scrotal pain after sex is unoccupied testicles. This occurs when interrupted intercourse or in the case when the man did not reach orgasm and the seminal fluid, prepared for the exit, remained inside. Then the scrotum swells, and the man thinks that it is bursting.

Also, pain between the scrotum and anus often occurs with prostatitis.

Diagnosis of pain in the scrotum

In case of pain in the scrotum, an urgent need to consult a doctor, because an examination at home will not give a result.

The doctor examines the patient, who is in a standing or lying position, conducts palpation (examination by feeling). If necessary, to clarify the clinical picture of the disease, the urologist-andrologist can prescribe an ultrasound scan, in more difficult cases, donate semen or urine for analysis.

The main task is to differentiate emergency pathology from other causes. Aortic disasters occur in elderly patients (over 50 years old).Other emergencies can occur at any age. Sharp, acute pain suggests torsion; pain in the scrotum with a strangulated hernia or appendicitis occurs gradually. Soreness confined to the superior pole of the testicle suggests torsion of the epididymis. Bilateral pain suggests infection or underlying cause. A groin formation suggests a hernia; scrotal formations are nonspecific. The absence of pathological changes in the scrotum suggests reflected pain. Reduction of scrotal pain with testicular elevation suggests epididymitis orchiditis.

A general urinalysis is always required. Identification of signs of UTI is characteristic of orchiepididymitis. If testicular torsion is suspected, Doppler ultrasound or radionuclide examination of the scrotal organs is indicated, although the latter is less sensitive and specific.

Treatment of pain in the scrotum

Before treating scrotal pain, you need to determine the root cause. If you have already figured out this, then the doctor will prescribe the treatment for you.

Analgesics are indicated for the relief of acute pain in the scrotum; morphine or other opioids may be indicated for pathologies requiring surgical treatment.The definitive treatment is directed at the cause.

In case of injuries or torsion of the testicles, urgent surgical intervention is necessary, followed by hospitalization. In other cases, drug treatment is prescribed.

take Ibuprofen to relieve pain – no more than three tablets (600 mg each) per day.
antibiotics are prescribed to eliminate the cause of pain. Tetracycline – one 0.25 mg tablet six times a day.
In order to get rid of prostatitis and support men’s health, twist half a kilo of raw peeled pumpkin seeds in a meat grinder and mix them with 200 grams of honey.Form the resulting mass into small balls and store in the refrigerator. Eat such a ball twice a day half an hour before meals.
baths with essential oils of lemon balm, juniper, myrtle, rosemary, yarrow, tea tree and thyme are effective in the prevention and treatment of pain in the scrotum. For the bathroom, usually take 5-10 drops.

If you have not yet had time to go to a medical facility, try keeping the scrotum in an elevated position (lying on your back, put a pillow under the sacrum) and apply a compress with ice to the pain site (for 15 minutes, with a 10-minute break).

Traditional medicine suggests taking a course of acupuncture – a rather unpleasant procedure that will help get rid of blood stagnation.

Prevention

In order for the pain in the scrotum not to bother you, it is enough to follow the simple and elementary rules of male health:

Normalize your sex life (both abstinence and hyperactivity are harmful), avoid interruption of intercourse and find your normal rhythm.
Avoid mechanical action on the genitals.
Give up bad habits in favor of healthy eating and sports.

We do not want to scare you, but pain in the scrotum can turn into impotence or infertility, so be careful about your male health and be happy!

All news
Previous Next

90,000 Orchitis and epididymitis – symptoms, treatment, prevention, causes, first signs

What is it?

Epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis.Usually, when one of these organs is affected, the other is also affected. Acute epididymitis is most often observed in men 15-30 years of age and after 60. In childhood, epididymitis is rare.

What are the causes of orchitis and epididymitis?

Orchitis is primarily caused by infectious diseases such as influenza, typhus, mumps (mumps), scarlet fever, chickenpox, pneumonia, brucellosis, and many others. Sometimes the cause of orchitis is mycobacterium tuberculosis or testicular injury.But more often, orchitis develops in inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system – urethritis, prostatitis, vesiculitis, epididymitis.

The causes of epididymitis are the same as for orchitis. In addition, some sexually transmitted infections can contribute to the inflammation of the epididymis, in particular, ureaplasma, chlamydia, gonorrhea, Trichomonas, gardnerella, etc.

contribute to the stagnation of blood in the small pelvis.The onset of acute epididymitis may be preceded by a violation of the outflow of urine caused by prostate adenoma or narrowing of the urethra.

Infection enters the testicle from purulent foci in the body. In the epididymis from the urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles.

A risk factor for the development of diseases is the use of urinary catheters, with which an infection can be introduced. A catheter is a polyvinyl tube that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder if the patient is on strict bed rest.

A special type of epididymitis is the appearance of this disease after sterilization – ligation or removal of the vas deferens. In this case, the sperm formed in the testes do not have time to dissolve, accumulate in the appendages and cause inflammation.

Viral epididymo-orchitis, which is a complication of mumps (mumps), is a particular medical problem. In adolescents, this condition develops in 20-40% of cases and can lead to testicular atrophy, and sometimes male infertility.

What are the symptoms of these diseases and what complications can there be?

In its course, orchitis is acute and chronic. Acute orchitis, as a rule, is caused by an acute inflammatory disease, chronic – chronic.

Epididymitis is also acute and chronic.

Acute orchitis

Orchitis begins with pain in the testicle. Pain can radiate to the groin, perineum, lower back, sacrum. The scrotum on the side of the disease increases 2 times or more, its skin becomes smooth, loses its folds due to edema, a few days after the onset of the disease, the skin of the scrotum turns red, becomes hot, and can acquire a glossy shade.The inflamed testicle is enlarged, sharply painful when touched.

Simultaneously with pain in the scrotum, general symptoms of inflammation appear – weakness, fever 38-39 ° C, chills, headache, nausea, loss of appetite.

Usually, even without treatment, the disease goes away on its own in 2-4 weeks. But in some cases, the inflammatory process in the testicle leads to its suppuration, the development of a testicular abscess. At the same time, the skin of the scrotum becomes bright red, smooth, sharply painful when touched.Subsequently, this complication may develop a secretory form of infertility.

Acute epididymitis

In its course, acute epididymitis is similar to acute orchitis.

But if untreated, after a few days, the inflammatory process in the epididymis can lead to its suppuration. Another complication of epididymitis is the transition of inflammation to the testicle, the development of acute orchitis. With a prolonged course of the inflammatory process in the epididymis, connective tissue may grow in its final, which will lead to obstruction of the epididymis for sperm.With bilateral epididymitis, this will cause obstructive infertility.

Chronic orchitis

Chronic orchitis develops with improper or insufficient treatment of acute orchitis or as a complication of chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system – chronic prostatitis, urethritis, vesiculitis. In chronic orchitis, often the only manifestation of the disease is some soreness of the testicle when touched. During an exacerbation of the disease, pain appears in the testicle when walking.

Chronic orchitis more often than acute, leads to a decrease in the secretory function of the testicle and can cause infertility.

Chronic epididymitis

Chronic epididymitis is an inflammation of the epididymis that lasts for 6 months or more.

Chronic epididymitis often develops with specific inflammatory diseases (syphilis, tuberculosis) or after male sterilization. It manifests itself as persistent or intermittent pain in the scrotum, especially when walking, usually without enlargement (swelling).Pain can radiate to the groin, sacrum, lower back. Body temperature regularly rises to 37 ° C. The epididymis is dense to the touch, painful, with areas of compaction.

Chronic epididymitis more often than acute, is bilateral and has a significantly higher probability of leading to bilateral obliteration (obstruction) of the epididymis and cause obstructive infertility.

Prevention

Prevention of orchitis and epididymitis is reduced to the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs, careful monitoring of your condition during general infectious diseases (mumps, flu, scarlet fever, pneumonia and others), with trauma to the scrotum, perineum pelvis.

What can you do?

Patients who have had orchitis and / or epididymitis develop sperm formation disorders. You should be especially careful about bilateral orchitis or epididymitis, since the likelihood of remaining sterile is extremely high. In the event of orchitis and / or epididymitis, self-medication is unacceptable, an urgent need to consult a doctor.

If an acute process occurs in the genitourinary system, it is imperative to treat it until complete recovery.If the disease becomes chronic, it is necessary to be constantly monitored by your doctor (urologist) to exclude unwanted complications.

What can a doctor do?

The doctor will conduct all the necessary examinations and prescribe treatment, which should lead to a complete recovery. In some cases, treatment may require a hospital stay.

When an abscess (abscess) of the testicle or epididymis develops, it is opened and drained. In severe cases, with complete melting of the testicular tissue with pus, orchiectomy is performed – unilateral removal of the testicle.

With the development of suppuration of the epididymis in severe cases, the epididymis is removed

With timely treatment of the acute process, the prognosis is favorable.

In the absence of treatment or insufficient treatment, this can lead to infertility.

Found an error? Select it and press Ctrl + Enter. 90,003 90,000 symptoms and treatment in adults. MC “Health” in Moscow, Southern Administrative District (Warsaw and Annino), Central Administrative District (Krasnopresnenskaya and Rizhskaya).

Pain in the groin, testicles, scrotum is the main symptom of epididymitis.It can be caused both by an infection that accidentally got into the genitals, and by gonorrhea, trichomoniasis, etc.

Epididymitis is an inflammatory process localized in the epididymis.

Symptoms of epididymitis

Pathology is characterized by a very rapid development with an increase in body temperature up to 40 degrees. The patient feels pain in the scrotum from the side of the lesion, the skin turns red, the epididymis increases significantly. Painful sensations can be felt in the groin and perineum, sometimes in the sacrum and lower back.Orchiepididymitis often develops in parallel – inflammation of the testicle itself.

If untreated, acute epididymitis ends in 2–5 days and symptoms subside. In the affected area, a heterogeneous dense infiltrate occurs, subsequently scarring often occurs. The disease becomes chronic epididymitis with periodic exacerbations.

Complications of epididymitis

If left untreated, infectious epididymitis can cause the epididymis to fester.The skin of the scrotum is sharply smoothed, becomes glossy. The patient suffers from pain when touching. Subsequently, infertility may develop.

Treatment of epididymitis

In the absence of complications, the pathology is treated on an outpatient basis, there is no need for hospitalization. A hospital is prescribed if there is a pronounced threat of complications – in this case, the patient is transferred to strict bed rest. An important task is to provide rest for the scrotum, giving it an elevated position.

With epididymitis, it is forbidden to eat spicy and fried foods, you need to make cold compresses. It is very important to eliminate the underlying disease that led to the development of the pathological process.

After examination and diagnostics, the doctors of the Zdorovye medical center will solve the problem comprehensively, eliminating both the pathology itself and its causes and complications. We will give advice on the prevention of the disease, which will help to avoid the occurrence of relapses in the future, and we will return you to a normal quality of life.

Epididymitis – Epididymitis – xcv.wiki

Health status

Epididymitis
Other names	Inflammation of the epididymis.

Acute epididymitis with abundant fibrinopurulent exudate in the tubules.
Pronunciation
Specialty	Urology, Infectious diseases
Symptoms	Pain in the back of the testicle, testicular edema, burning when urinating, frequent urination
Complications	Infertility, chronic pain
Normal start	More than a day or two
Types	Acute (<6 weeks), chronic (> 12 weeks)
Reasons	Gonorrhea, chlamydia, intestinal bacteria, urine reflux
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms of ultrasound
Differential Diagnostics	Testicular torsion, inguinal hernia, testicular cancer, orchitis
Leaving	Pain relievers, antibiotics, rise
Medication	NSAIDs, ceftriaxone and doxycycline, ofloxacin
Frequency	600000 per year (age 15-35, USA)

Epididymitis is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle.The onset of pain usually lasts after a day or two. The pain may be relieved by raising the testicle. Other symptoms may include testicular edema, burning sensation when urinating, or frequent urination. Testicular inflammation is also usually present.

In young people who are sexually active, gonorrhea and chlamydia are often the root cause. In older men and men who have anal insertion, gut bacteria are a common cause. The diagnosis is usually based on symptoms.Conditions that can lead to similar symptoms include testicular torsion, inguinal hernia, and testicular cancer. Ultrasound can be helpful if the diagnosis is unclear.

Treatment may include pain relievers, NSAIDs, and elixir. For young people who are sexually active, the antibiotics ceftriaxone and doxycycline are recommended. Those who are older can use ofloxacin. Complications include infertility and chronic pain. The most affected people are between the ages of 15 and 35, with about 600,000 people in this age group affected each year in the United States.

Signs and symptoms

An adult human testicle with an epididymis: A. The head of the epididymis, B. The body of the epididymis, C. The tail of the epididymis, and D. The vas deferens.

Most often people aged 15 to 35 are affected. The acute form usually develops within a few days, often with pain and swelling in only one testicle, which hangs low in the scrotum. Dysuria or urethral discharge has often been observed in a recent history. Fever is also a common symptom.In the chronic version, the patient may have tenderness, but palpation may or may not be an irregular epididymis, although a hardened epididymis may be found on palpation. An ultrasound of the scrotum can reveal problems with the epididymis, but this ultrasound also cannot show anything unusual. Most patients with chronic epididymitis have symptoms for more than five years.

Complications

If untreated, the main complications of acute epididymitis are abscess formation and testicular infarction.Chronic epididymitis can permanently damage or even destroy the epididymis and testis (resulting in infertility and / or hypogonadism), and the infection can spread to any other organ or system in the body. Chronic pain is also a concomitant complication of untreated chronic epididymitis.

Reasons

Although urinary tract infections are rare in men, bacterial infection is the most common cause of acute epididymitis.These bacteria are in the urethra of the posterior tract through the urogenital and reproductive structures to the epididymis. In rare cases, the infection reaches the epididymis through the bloodstream.

In sexually active men, Chlamydia trachomatis accounts for two thirds of acute cases, followed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and E. coli (or other bacteria that cause urinary tract infection). Specifically, in men over 35 years of age who are caused by E.coli , epididymitis usually occurs due to obstruction of the urinary tract.Less common microbes include ureaplasma , mycobacteria, and cytomegalovirus or cryptococcus in patients with HIV infection. E. coli is more common in pre-puberty boys, older adults, and men who have sex with men. In most cases where bacteria are the cause, only one side or the other of the scrotum is the locus of pain.

Non-infectious causes are also possible.Reflux of sterile urine (urine without bacteria) through the ejaculatory ducts can cause inflammation with obstruction. In children, this may be a response to infection with enterovirus, adenovirus, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae . Rare, non-infectious causes of chronic epididymitis include sarcoidosis (more common in black men) and Behcet’s disease.

Any form of epididymitis can be caused by surgery on the genitourinary system, including prostatectomy and urine catheterization.Congestive epididymitis is a long-term complication of vasectomy. Chemical epididymitis can also result from drugs such as amiodarone.

Diagnostics

Doppler ultrasound of epididymitis: a significant increase in blood flow in the left epididymis (upper image), while on the right (lower image) this is normal. The thickness of the epididymis (between the yellow crosses) is increased only slightly.

Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms.Conditions that can lead to similar symptoms include testicular torsion, inguinal hernia, and testicular cancer. Ultrasound can be helpful if the diagnosis is unclear.

Epididymitis usually develops gradually. Typical signs are redness, warmth, and swelling of the scrotum with tenderness behind the testicle, far from the middle (this is the normal position of the epididymis in relation to the testis). The cremasteric reflex (the height of the testicle in response to stroking the upper inner thigh) remains normal.This is a useful feature to distinguish from testicular torsion. If there is pain that is relieved by the elevation of the testicle, it is called Prehn’s sign, which is, however, nonspecific and not useful for diagnosis.

Before the advent of sophisticated medical imaging, surgery was the standard of care. Today, Doppler ultrasound is a routine test: it can show areas of blood flow and can clearly distinguish between epididymitis and torsion.However, since torsion and other sources of testicular pain can often only be determined by palpation, some studies have shown that the only real benefit of ultrasound is to reassure a person that they do not have testicular cancer. Testicular nuclear blood flow is rarely used.

Additional tests may be required to identify root causes. A urinary tract abnormality is often found in young children. Sexually transmitted diseases may be tested for sexually active men.These may include microscopy and culture of a first urine sample, Gram stain and culture of a fluid or urethral smear, nucleic acid amplification tests (to amplify and detect microbial DNA or other nucleic acids), or tests for syphilis and HIV.

Classification

Histopathological image of an inflamed epididymis and testis

Epididymitis can be divided into acute, subacute and chronic, depending on the duration of the symptoms.

Chronic epididymitis

Chronic epididymitis is an epididymitis that has been present for more than 3 months. Chronic epididymitis is characterized by inflammation even in the absence of infection. Tests are needed to distinguish chronic epididymitis from a number of other conditions that can cause persistent pain in the scrotum, including testicular cancer (although it is often painless), enlarged scrotal veins (varicocele), calcifications, and possible epididymal cysts.Some studies have shown that up to 80% of visits to a urologist for scrotal pain are associated with chronic epididymitis. Another complication is that the nerves in the scrotum are closely associated with the abdominal nerves, which sometimes causes abdominal pain similar to a hernia (see Reflected Pain).

Chronic epididymitis is most commonly associated with low back pain, and the onset of pain is often accompanied by stress on the lower back (eg, lifting heavy weights, driving for a long time, poor sitting posture, or any other activity that interferes with the normal bending of the lumbar lordosis region).

Leaving

For both acute and chronic forms, antibiotics are used if infection is suspected. Azithromycin and cefixime are often used as treatments of choice for the treatment of gonorrhea and chlamydia. Fluoroquinolones are no longer recommended due to the widespread resistance of gonorrhea to this class. Doxycycline can be used as an alternative to azithromycin. In chronic epididymitis, a four to six week course of antibiotics may be prescribed to ensure that any possible bacterial cause, especially various chlamydia, is completely eradicated.

In cases caused by intestinal microorganisms (such as E. coli ), ofloxacin or levofloxacin is recommended.

Children should avoid fluoroquinolones and doxycycline. Because bacteria that cause urinary tract infections are a common cause of epididymitis in children, cotrimoxazole or suitable penicillins (such as cephalexin) can be used.

Home remedies, such as lifting the scrotum and regularly applying cold compresses to the scrotum, can relieve pain in acute cases.Pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs are often used to treat both chronic and acute forms. Hospitalization is indicated in severe cases, and examination can confirm that the infection has disappeared. Surgical removal of the epididymis is rarely required, causes infertility, and provides pain relief in only about 50% of cases. However, with acute suppuration of epididymitis (acute epididymitis with discharge of pus), an epididimotomy may be recommended; refractory cases may require a complete epididymectomy.In cases of persistent testicular pain, removal of the entire testicle, orchiectomy, may be required.

It is generally believed that in most cases of chronic epididymitis, the patient will eventually “burn out” if left untreated, although this can take years or even decades. However, several medications related to the prostate have been shown to be effective in treating chronic epididymitis, including doxazosin.

Epidemiology

Epididymitis accounts for 1 in 144 health care visits (0.69 percent) in men aged 18 to 50, or 600,000 in men aged 18 to 35 in the United States.

This occurs mainly between the ages of 16 to 30 and 51 to 70. As of 2008, there is an increase in the incidence in the United States, which is in line with the increase in reported cases of chlamydia and gonorrhea.

Recommendations

External links

Medical Center Axon

Orchitis – testicular inflammation . It is almost always a complication of an infectious and inflammatory disease.It develops more often in inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system – urethritis, prostatitis, vesiculitis, epididymitis. Orchitis can also appear due to testicular injury. In its course, orchitis is acute and chronic. The disease begins with the appearance of pain in the testicle. Pain can radiate to the groin, perineum, lower back, sacrum. The scrotum on the side of the disease increases 2 times or more, the skin becomes smooth, a few days after the onset of the disease, it turns red sharply, becomes hot, and can acquire a glossy shade.The inflamed testicle is enlarged, sharply painful when touched. Simultaneously with pain in the scrotum, general symptoms of inflammation appear – weakness, fever, chills, headache, nausea.

Uncomplicated orchitis is treated conservatively, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are used, physiotherapy also gives a good effect, but it cannot replace antibacterial drugs. In severe cases, hormonal drugs are prescribed.

Treatment of orchitis must be timely and comprehensive, otherwise, the process may become chronic, and even worse, the so-called self-resorption of the testicle may occur.In some cases, the inflammatory process in the testicle leads to its suppuration, the development of a testicular abscess. At the same time, the skin of the scrotum becomes bright red, smooth, sharply painful when touched. When a testicular abscess develops, it is opened and drained. In severe cases, with complete melting of the testicular tissue with pus, orchiectomy is performed – unilateral removal of the testicle.

Chronic orchitis develops with improper or insufficient treatment of acute orchitis or as a complication of chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.More often than acute, it leads to a decrease in the secretory function of the testicle and can cause infertility. Treatment of chronic orchitis is long and laborious. A course of antibacterial drugs is being taken, local thermal and physiotherapeutic procedures are actively used. Prevention of orchitis is reduced to the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs, careful monitoring of your condition during general infectious diseases.

Epididymitis – inflammation of the epididymis. The causes of epididymitis are the same as for orchitis. In addition, some sexually transmitted infections can contribute to inflammation of the epididymis. There is a pronounced swelling of the scrotum and an increase in the epididymis. The testicle itself can remain non-enlarged and painless. Treatment of acute epididymitis consists in prescribing antibacterial, anti-inflammatory drugs, creating rest for the organs of the scrotum (wearing a suspensor), prescribing physiotherapy and resorption therapy.Treatment of uncomplicated epididymitis is carried out by a doctor on an outpatient basis, in exceptional cases, surgical intervention is required. With proper treatment, these diseases disappear within 2 weeks.

Orchoepididymitis – simultaneous inflammation of the testicle and its epididymis .

Chronic and recurrent epididymitis, orchiepididymitis and orchitis are manifested by less pronounced enlargement and more local compaction of the scrotal organs, the pain is less intense and paroxysmal, the body temperature is usually normal.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of diseases of the testicle, its epididymis and the spermatic cord is based on a physical examination (primarily palpation or feeling). The leading auxiliary methods are diaphanoscopy and ultrasound examination of the scrotum. All these methods are absolutely painless, and their correct use and proper interpretation make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis in the vast majority of cases. To establish the causes of epididymitis, orchitis and orchiepididymitis, a general analysis and urine culture for microflora are required, sometimes semen (ejaculate) is analyzed for the presence of various infections in it.If a testicular tumor is suspected, blood tests are performed for appropriate tumor markers. Only a properly constructed complex of diagnostic measures allows you to establish an accurate diagnosis and carry out the most effective treatment.

Treatment

Treatment of epididymitis, orchitis, orchiepididymitis and deferentitis is carried out primarily with antibiotics, since their main cause is various infections. The choice of an antibiotic in an acute inflammatory process is carried out empirically, taking into account the known age characteristics of causative infections.Upon receipt of the results of microbiological studies and analysis of the sensitivity of the isolated microflora to antibiotics, it is possible to adjust antibiotic therapy, change its duration, dosages of drugs, and sometimes the drugs themselves and their combinations. Together with antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed in order to reduce inflammatory edema, pain and the fastest reverse development of inflammatory changes. For severe pain, spermatic cord blockade with local anesthetic is used, which significantly reduces pain.All patients are advised to wear tight panties (swimming trunks) that tighten the scrotum during treatment. This promotes better blood and lymph flow in the scrotum, accelerates the reverse development of inflammation. In the presence of abscesses or abscesses of the testicle and its epididymis, as well as in chronic recurrent epididymitis that is difficult to treat, in the case of testicular tuberculosis, surgical treatment is used.

In case of acute inflammation of the testicle and epididymis, the patient should be kept on strict bed rest.The scrotum must be given an elevated position. During the day, apply cold compresses (ice bag) for 1 hour with a half hour break. From the first day, the patient undergoes a blockade of the spermatic cord with local anesthetics, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and medicinal compresses are prescribed.