What are the biggest mistakes to avoid when dealing with constipation. How can dietary changes and lifestyle adjustments help alleviate constipation symptoms. What role does milk play in managing constipation.

Understanding Constipation: Symptoms and Prevalence

Constipation is a common digestive issue that affects millions of people worldwide. It’s characterized by infrequent bowel movements, typically fewer than three times a week, and difficulty passing stools. According to recent surveys, approximately 22% of Indians currently suffer from constipation, highlighting the widespread nature of this condition.

Symptoms of constipation include:

• Passing fewer than three stools per week
• Hard, dry, or pellet-shaped stools
• Straining during bowel movements
• Feeling of incomplete evacuation

While constipation is usually not a serious condition, it can cause significant discomfort and impact quality of life. Understanding the common mistakes people make when dealing with constipation can help in finding effective solutions and preventing complications.

The Role of Diet in Constipation Management

Diet plays a crucial role in maintaining regular bowel movements and preventing constipation. One of the biggest mistakes people make is consuming too much processed food and not enough fiber-rich options.

Processed Foods and Constipation

Processed foods often lack fiber and can contribute to constipation. These foods tend to move more slowly through the digestive tract, allowing the colon to absorb more water and resulting in harder, drier stools.

To address this issue, consider reducing your intake of:

• Fast food
• Chips and other packaged snacks
• Hot dogs and processed meats
• Certain microwave dinners

The Importance of Fiber

Increasing fiber intake is essential for managing constipation, but it’s important to do so gradually. Adding too much fiber too quickly can lead to bloating and gas.

How much fiber should you aim for daily? The recommended daily intake is 20-35 grams of fiber. To avoid discomfort, increase your fiber intake by no more than 5 grams per day. Good sources of fiber include:

• Fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Legumes
• Nuts and seeds

Hydration and Constipation: The Alcohol Factor

Proper hydration is crucial for maintaining regular bowel movements. One common mistake people make is consuming alcohol, which can contribute to dehydration and worsen constipation.

Alcohol acts as a diuretic, causing the body to lose fluids and potentially leading to harder stools that are more difficult to pass. To combat this issue, focus on drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Aim for at least 8 glasses of water daily to help keep your digestive system functioning properly.

The Dairy Dilemma: Can Milk Help or Hinder Constipation?

The relationship between dairy products and constipation is complex and can vary from person to person. While some individuals may find that consuming large amounts of milk and cheese worsens their constipation, others may not experience any adverse effects.

Milk’s Impact on Constipation

For some people, dairy products can slow down digestion and contribute to constipation. This is particularly true for those who are lactose intolerant or have a sensitivity to dairy proteins. However, the effect of milk on constipation is not universal and can depend on individual factors.

Kefir: A Potential Solution

Interestingly, kefir, a fermented milk drink, may actually help alleviate constipation symptoms for some individuals. Kefir contains beneficial bacteria that can support digestive health and promote regular bowel movements. It can be made from various types of milk, including cow, goat, sheep, or even soy milk, making it a versatile option for those looking to incorporate probiotics into their diet.

Exercise and Constipation: The Importance of Physical Activity

One of the biggest mistakes people make when dealing with constipation is leading a sedentary lifestyle. Regular physical activity is crucial for maintaining healthy bowel function.

How does exercise help with constipation? Physical activity stimulates the muscles in your intestines, promoting the movement of stool through your digestive system. Additionally, exercise can help reduce stress, which is another factor that can contribute to constipation.

To incorporate more movement into your daily routine, consider:

• Taking regular walks
• Practicing yoga or gentle stretching exercises
• Engaging in moderate aerobic activities like swimming or cycling
• Using a standing desk or taking frequent breaks from sitting

The Laxative Trap: Overreliance on Quick Fixes

While laxatives may provide short-term relief from constipation, relying on them too heavily can lead to long-term problems. Overuse of laxatives can damage the nerve cells in your colon and interfere with the natural muscle contractions needed for bowel movements.

Risks of Laxative Dependency

Frequent use of laxatives can lead to dependency, meaning your body may struggle to have a bowel movement without them. This can create a cycle of reliance that’s difficult to break.

Proper Use of Laxatives

If your doctor recommends laxatives, it’s crucial to follow their instructions carefully. Use them as directed and for the shortest duration possible. Always aim to address the underlying causes of constipation through diet and lifestyle changes rather than relying solely on laxatives.

Medications and Constipation: Identifying Potential Culprits

Many people are unaware that certain medications can contribute to constipation. Understanding which drugs may affect your bowel movements is essential for managing this condition effectively.

Common medications that can cause or worsen constipation include:

• Painkillers, especially opioids
• Some antidepressants
• Certain blood pressure medications
• Iron supplements
• Antacids containing calcium or aluminum
• Some anti-nausea medications

If you suspect that your medication is contributing to your constipation, don’t stop taking it without consulting your healthcare provider. They may be able to adjust your dosage, switch you to an alternative medication, or recommend strategies to manage the side effects.

Listening to Your Body: The Importance of Heeding Nature’s Call

One of the most common mistakes people make when dealing with constipation is ignoring their body’s signals to have a bowel movement. This can weaken the body’s natural cues over time and exacerbate constipation symptoms.

The Dangers of Delaying Bowel Movements

When you consistently ignore the urge to go, your body’s signals may become less noticeable. This can lead to a cycle of irregular bowel movements and increased difficulty passing stools.

Establishing a Routine

To promote regular bowel movements, try to establish a consistent bathroom routine. Set aside time each day, preferably after meals when your bowels are most active, to sit on the toilet for about 15 minutes. This practice can help train your body and make bowel movements more predictable.

Consider these tips for effective toilet habits:

• Respond promptly to the urge to have a bowel movement
• Use a footstool to elevate your feet while on the toilet, which can help align your colon for easier passage of stool
• Avoid straining or forcing a bowel movement
• Practice relaxation techniques to reduce tension in your pelvic muscles

The Fasting Fallacy: Why Skipping Meals Won’t Help Constipation

Some people mistakenly believe that fasting or severely restricting their food intake can help “clear out” their colon and relieve constipation. However, this approach is counterproductive and can actually worsen the problem.

The Role of Food in Digestive Health

Regular meals, especially those rich in fiber, stimulate the digestive system and promote bowel movements. When you fast or significantly reduce your food intake, you’re depriving your body of the nutrients and bulk it needs to maintain healthy digestion.

Healthy Eating for Constipation Relief

Instead of fasting, focus on consuming a balanced diet that includes:

• Plenty of fruits and vegetables
• Whole grains
• Lean proteins
• Healthy fats
• Adequate fluids

These foods provide the necessary nutrients and fiber to support regular bowel movements and overall digestive health.

Stress and Constipation: The Mind-Gut Connection

Many people underestimate the impact of stress on their digestive health. The gut-brain connection is a powerful force, and high levels of stress or anxiety can significantly affect your bowel movements.

How Stress Affects Digestion

When you’re stressed, your body enters a “fight or flight” mode, which can slow down digestive processes. This can lead to constipation or exacerbate existing symptoms.

Stress Management Techniques

To help alleviate stress-related constipation, consider incorporating these stress-reduction strategies into your daily routine:

• Practice mindfulness meditation
• Engage in regular physical exercise
• Try deep breathing exercises
• Seek support from a therapist or counselor
• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
• Engage in hobbies or activities you enjoy

Recognizing Warning Signs: When to Seek Medical Attention

While occasional constipation is common, it’s important to be aware of signs that may indicate a more serious underlying condition. Ignoring these warning signs can lead to complications or delay necessary treatment.

Red Flags to Watch For

Seek medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms along with constipation:

• Blood in your stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Severe abdominal pain
• Constipation lasting more than three weeks despite lifestyle changes
• Alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea
• Persistent changes in bowel habits

Diagnostic Procedures

If you consult a healthcare provider about your constipation, they may recommend various diagnostic tests to rule out underlying conditions. These may include:

• Blood tests
• Stool analysis
• Colonoscopy
• Abdominal X-rays or CT scans

Ayurvedic Approaches to Constipation Management

Ayurveda, an ancient Indian system of medicine, offers unique perspectives on managing constipation. One interesting Ayurvedic remedy involves the use of milk and ghee (clarified butter) to promote healthy bowel movements.

The Milk and Ghee Remedy

According to Ayurvedic principles, a mixture of warm milk and ghee can help lubricate the intestines and promote easier passage of stools. This remedy is believed to balance the Vata dosha, which is associated with movement and elimination in the body.

How to Prepare the Ayurvedic Constipation Remedy

To try this Ayurvedic approach, follow these steps:

1. Heat 1 cup of milk until warm (not boiling)
2. Add 1-2 teaspoons of ghee to the warm milk
3. Stir well to combine
4. Drink the mixture before bedtime

It’s important to note that while some people may find relief with this remedy, its effectiveness can vary from person to person. As with any alternative treatment, it’s best to consult with a healthcare provider before incorporating it into your routine, especially if you have any underlying health conditions or dairy sensitivities.

Holistic Approaches to Constipation Management

Managing constipation effectively often requires a multifaceted approach that addresses various aspects of your lifestyle and health. By combining different strategies, you can create a comprehensive plan to promote regular bowel movements and improve your overall digestive health.

Key Elements of a Holistic Constipation Management Plan

• Dietary modifications: Increase fiber intake, stay hydrated, and limit processed foods
• Regular exercise: Engage in physical activity to stimulate bowel movements
• Stress management: Practice relaxation techniques and maintain good sleep habits
• Toilet habits: Establish a consistent bathroom routine and respond promptly to urges
• Natural remedies: Consider safe, natural aids like prunes, psyllium husk, or herbal teas
• Mindful eating: Chew food thoroughly and eat meals in a relaxed environment
• Probiotics: Incorporate fermented foods or probiotic supplements to support gut health

Personalized Approaches

It’s important to remember that what works for one person may not work for another. Experiment with different strategies and pay attention to how your body responds. Keep a journal to track your symptoms, diet, and lifestyle factors to identify patterns and effective interventions.

By taking a holistic approach to constipation management, you can address the root causes of the issue and develop sustainable habits that promote long-term digestive health. Remember to consult with healthcare professionals for personalized advice, especially if you have chronic constipation or other health concerns.

Constipation: Biggest Mistakes to Avoid

Are you constipated? You may be if you’re pooping twice or less a week, or if your stools are pellet-shaped, they’re so hard and dry that they hurt, and you have to strain to pass them.

Everyone moves food through their bowels at different speeds. Some people might poop 3 times a day, while others regularly skip a day or two. Constipation usually isn’t serious, but it can be uncomfortable.

Changes in your behavior and diet often can be enough to unclog your digestive tract. But some actions can backfire and make it even harder for you to get back to a regular schedule.

Constipation Mistakes

To ease your constipation, you’ll want to change these habits:

Eat too much processed food. Foods that have little or no fiber sit longer in your intestines. The extra time lets your colon soak up more water. That’s a recipe for hard, dry stools.

Do this: Cut down on fast food, chips, hot dogs, and some microwave dinners.

Add fiber too fast. Eating fiber from fruits, vegetables, and other foods is really important. But add it to your diet slowly. Too much fiber too quickly can give you painful bloating and gas.

Do this: Aim for 20-35 grams of fiber daily, but add no more than 5 grams each day.

Drink alcohol. Booze zaps your body of fluids, which can make your stools hard — and harder to pass.

Do this: Drink plenty of water instead.

Double down on dairy. Lots of milk and cheese can make your constipation worse.

Do this: Kefir may be a safe choice, though. The strains of bacteria in this fermented drink — made with milk from cows, goats, sheep, or even soy — may help relieve your constipation.

Skip your workout. Not moving around enough slows food from passing through your large intestine, or colon. That may be a root reason for your constipation.

Do this: Exercise regularly.

Rely on laxatives. They might help in the short term. But over time, laxatives can damage the nerve cells in your colon and interfere with muscle contractions needed to empty stools. Laxatives can become a habit, meaning you’ll need to use them before you can poop. These medicines come in pills, liquids, suppositories, and other forms.

Do this: If your doctor thinks that laxatives might help, follow their orders about what kind to use, and try your best to limit your use.

Take certain drugs. Many medicines can trigger constipation by slowing down stools as they travel through the body. These include sleeping pills, painkillers, some drugs for high blood pressure, and antidepressants.

Do this: Ask your doctor if one of your meds might be causing your constipation.

Avoid the toilet. When you’re constipated, your body may need more time in the bathroom, not less. Try to sit on the toilet for 15 minutes at the same time each day, even if you can’t “go.” It can relax your digestive system and cue your body for a bowel movement.

Do this: While on the toilet, you can try to rest your feet on a low stool or raise your knees above your hips.

Ignore your body’s signals. If you ignore that feeling that you need to go, those clues will get weaker over time. Your bowels should be most active first thing in the morning as well as about 30 minutes after you eat.

Do this: Listen to your body’s messages and head to the bathroom, even if you’re busy or feel awkward using a toilet outside your home.

Fast. You may think that cutting back on food will help “clear out” your colon. That’s not the case.

Do this: Eating, especially healthy whole foods that contain fiber, helps your body move stool.

Forget to manage your stress. Your colon is partly managed by your nervous system, which is like your body’s electrical wiring. If you feel stressed or anxious, your gut may feel it, too.

Do this: Talking to a therapist or learning relaxation techniques may help you feel better.

Brush off other symptoms. Sometimes constipation can be a sign of a more serious health problem, such as colorectal cancer. Also, not dealing with constipation early can lead to hemorrhoids, fissures or cuts in your bottom, and other complications.

Do this: If you have blood in your stool, are losing weight and don’t know why, or you’ve been constipated for more than 3 weeks after having more fluids and fiber, call your doctor.

Manage Constipation With Milk And Ghee Using This Amazing Ayurvedic Home Remedy

According to a latest survey, about 22 percent Indians suffer from constipation presently. Constipation is a condition marked by difficulty in passing stool. Constipation is one of the most common ailments faced by several people around the country, yet it is the least talked about. Since talking about stool and bowel movement is not quite encouraged in both social and intimate gatherings, the awareness about the issue also suffers. Chronic constipation may also lead to haemorrhoids and anal fissures. However, mild constipation could be treated with handful of medicines and natural home remedies. Ayurveda, an ancient practice of medicine, has suggested a bunch of foods and herbs that could come to your rescue. 

According to the book, ‘The Complete Book of Ayurvedic Home Remedies’ by Dr. Vasant Lad, “Constipation is a vata condition that expresses vata qualities like dryness and hardness. It is caused by insufficient fibre in the diet, inadequate water intake and lack of exercise.” 

Constipation Diet: How can a glass of hot milk help? 

Most of us are aware of India and its love affair with a glass of milk. It is almost like our desi magic potion to cure about anything and everything. Milk is loaded with iron, protein calcium and various other essential minerals and vitamins. If consumed at night, a glass of milk could promote good sleep as well. The high protein content of milk may also facilitate your weight loss and muscle-building goals. It keeps your teeth and bones strong. And did you know, if consumed daily, milk can also help manage constipation?

Dr. Vasant Lad mentions in his book, “Taking 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls of ghee in a cup of hot milk at bedtime is an effective but gentle means of relieving constipation. This is especially good for vata and pitta constitutions, but it may be too kapha-increasing for kapha types to use regularly.” 

(Also Read: 9 Benefits Of Ghee You May Not Have Known)

In Ayurveda, each body type is made up either of vata, pitta or kapha type of constitution. If you are to take any Ayurvedic advice, it is better to know your body type in advance through a certified expert. 

For a few people, dairy may be the reason to trigger constipation, but for most, it can soothe digestive process and enable smooth bowel movements. In a study, it was found that some people who replaced cow milk with soy milk found relief and were able to pass stool much easier. 

Disclaimer: This content including advice provides generic information only. It is in no way a substitute for qualified medical opinion. Always consult a specialist or your own doctor for more information. NDTV does not claim responsibility for this information.

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Constipation

Is this your child’s symptom?

• Can’t pass a stool or pain when passing a stool
• Crying when passing a stool (bowel movement or BM) or
• Can’t pass a stool after straining or pushing longer than 10 minutes or
• 3 or more days without passing a stool (Exception: Breastfed and over 1 month old)
• Caution: any belly pain from constipation comes and goes. Most often, it is mild. Use the Abdominal Pain (Stomach Pain) care guide if there is constant belly pain.

Causes of Constipation

• High Milk Diet. Milk and cheese are the only foods that in high amounts can cause constipation. It causes hard pale stools. This is why you want your child to eat a well-balanced diet.
• Low Fiber Diet. Fiber is found in vegetables, fruits and whole grains. Fiber keeps stools soft, bulky and easy to pass. A low fiber diet causes hard, small stools.
• Low Fluid Intake. This can also cause stools to be dry and harder to pass. It’s rarely the only cause of constipation.
• Lack of Exercise. Exercise also keeps the bowel from slowing down. Not a cause in children unless they are confined to bed.
• Holding Back Stools Because of Pain. If passing a stool causes pain, many children will hold back the next one. This can happen with a Strep infection around the anus. It can also occur with a bad diaper rash or anal fissure (tear).
• Holding Back Stools Because of Power Struggles. This is the most common cause of recurrent constipation in children. Most often it’s a battle around toilet training. If they are already trained, it may begin with the start of school. Reason: some children refuse to use public toilets. Some children postpone stools because they are too busy to sit down.
• Slow passage of food through the intestines. Most often, this type runs in families. Called slow transit time.

Stools: How Often is Normal?

• Normal Range: 3 per day to 1 every 2 days. Once children are on normal table foods, their stool pattern is like adults.
• Kids who go every 4 or 5 days almost always have pain with passage. They also have a lot of straining.
• Kids who go every 3 days often drift into longer times. Then, they also develop symptoms.
• Passing a stool should be free of pain.
• Any child with pain during stool passage or lots of straining needs treatment. At the very least, the child should be treated with changes in diet.

Imitators of Constipation: Normal Patterns and Stools

• Breastfed and Over 1 Month Old. Stools every 4-7 days that are soft, large and pain-free can be normal. Caution: before 1 month old, not stooling enough can mean not getting enough breast milk.
• Straining in Babies. Grunting or straining while pushing out a stool is normal in young babies. They are learning to relax their anus after 9 months of keeping it closed. It’s also hard to pass stool lying on their back with no help from gravity. Babies also become red in the face and draw up their legs during straining. This is normal.
• Brief straining under 10 minutes can occur at times at any age.
• Large Stools. Size relates to the amount of food eaten. Large eaters have larger stools.
• Hard or Dry Stools. Also can be normal if passed easily without too much straining. Often, this relates to poor fiber intake. Some children even have small, dry rabbit-pellet-like stools.

When to Call for Constipation

Call Doctor or Seek Care Now

• Stomach pain goes on more than 1 hour (includes crying) after using care advice
• Rectal pain goes on more than 1 hour (includes straining) after using care advice
• Vomits 2 or more times and stomach looks more swollen than normal
• Age less than 1 month old and breastfed
• Age less than 12 months with recent onset of weak suck or weak muscles
• Your child looks or acts very sick
• You think your child needs to be seen, and the problem is urgent

Contact Doctor Within 24 Hours

• Age less than 2 months. Exception: normal straining and grunting.
• Bleeding from anus
• Needs to pass a stool but afraid to or refuses to let it out
• Child may be “blocked up”
• Suppository or enema was given but did not work
• You think your child needs to be seen, but the problem is not urgent

Contact Doctor During Office Hours

• Leaking stool
• Suppository or enema was needed to get the stool out
• Infrequent stools do not get better after changes to diet. Exception: normal if breastfed infant more than 1 month old and stools are not painful.
• Stool softeners are being used and have not been discussed with your doctor
• Toilet training is in progress
• Painful stools occur 3 or more times after changes to diet
• Constipation is a frequent problem
• You have other questions or concerns

Self Care at Home

Seattle Children’s Urgent Care Locations

If your child’s illness or injury is life-threatening, call 911.

Care Advice for Constipation

1. What You Should Know about Constipation:
   • Constipation is common in children.
   • Most often, it’s from a change in diet. It can also be caused by waiting too long to stool.
   • Passing a stool should be pleasant and free of pain.
   • Any child with pain during stool passage or lots of straining needs treatment. At the very least, they need changes in diet.
   • Here is some care advice that should help.
2. Normal Stools:
   • Normal range: 3 per day to 1 every 2 days. Once children are on a regular diet, their stool pattern is like adults.
   • Kids who go every 3 days often drift into longer times. Then symptoms start.
   • Kids who go every 4 and 5 days almost always have pain with passage. They also have lots of straining.
3. Diet for Infants Under 1 Year Old:
   • Age over 1 month old only on breast milk or formula, add fruit juice.
   • Amount. Give 1 ounce (30 mL) per month of age per day. Limit amount to 4 ounces (120 mL).
   • Pear and apple juice are good choices. After 3 months, can use prune (plum) juice. Reason for fruit juice: approved for babies in treating a symptom.
   • Age over 4 months old, also add baby foods with high fiber. Do this twice a day. Examples are peas, beans, apricots, prunes, peaches, pears, or plums.
   • Age over 8 months old on finger foods, add cereals and small pieces of fresh fruit.
4. Diet for Children Over 1 Year Old:
   • Increase fruit juice (apple, pear, cherry, grape, prune). Note: citrus fruit juices are not helpful.
   • Add fruits and vegetables high in fiber content. Examples are peas, beans, broccoli, bananas, apricots, peaches, pears, figs, prunes, or dates. Offer these foods 3 or more times per day.
   • Increase whole grain foods. Examples are bran flakes or muffins, graham crackers, and oatmeal. Brown rice and whole wheat bread are also helpful. Popcorn can be used if over 4 years old.
   • Limit milk products (milk, ice cream, cheese, yogurt) to 3 servings per day.
   • Fluids. Give enough fluids to stay well-hydrated. Reason: keep the stool soft.
5. Stop Toilet Training:
   • Put your child back in diapers or pull-ups for a short time.
   • Tell him that the poops won’t hurt when they come out.
   • Praise him for passing poops into a diaper.
   • Holding back stools is harmful. Use rewards to help your child give up this bad habit.
   • Avoid any pressure or punishment. Also, never force your child to sit on the potty against his will. Reason: it will cause a power struggle.
   • Treats and hugs always work better.
6. Encourage Sitting on the Toilet (if toilet trained):
   • Set up a normal stool routine, if your child agrees to sitting.
   • Have your child sit on the toilet for 5 minutes after meals.
   • This is especially important after breakfast.
   • If you see your child holding back a stool, also take to the toilet for a sit (if cooperates).
   • During sits, stay with your child and be a coach. Just focus on helping the poop come out.
   • Do not distract your child. Do not allow your child to play with video devices, games or books during sits.
   • Once he passes a normal size stool, he doesn’t need to sit anymore that day.
7. Warm Water to Relax the Anus:
   • Warmth helps many children relax the anus and release a stool.
   • For straining too long, have your child sit in warm water.
   • You can also put a warm wet cotton ball on the anus. Vibrate it side to side for about 10 seconds to help relax the anus.
8. Flexed Position to Help Stool Release for Babies:
   • Help your baby by holding the knees against the chest. This is like squatting for your baby. This is the natural position for pushing out a stool. It’s hard to have a stool lying down.
   • Gently pumping the left side of the belly also helps.
9. Squatting Position to Help Stool Release for Older Children:
   • The squatting position gives faster stool release and less straining.
   • Squatting means that the knees are above the hips.
   • For most children who sit on the toilet, a foot stool is needed.
   • It is an important part of treating constipation.
10. Stool Softeners (Age Over 1 Year Old):
    • If a change in diet doesn’t help, you can add a stool softener. Must be over 1 year of age.
    • Use a stool softener (such as Miralax). It is available without a prescription. Give 1-3 teaspoons (5-15 mL) powder each day with dinner. Mix the powder in 2 to 6 ounces (60-180 mL) of water.
    • Fiber products (such as Benefiber) are also helpful. Give 1 teaspoon (5 mL) twice a day. Mix it in 2 ounces (60 mL) of water or fruit juice.
    • Stool softeners and fiber should produce regular soft stools in 1 to 3 days.
    • Discuss dosage and how long to use with your doctor.
11. What to Expect:
    • Most often, changes in diet helps constipation.
    • After your child is better, be sure to keep him on high fiber foods.
    • Also, have your child sit on the toilet at the same time each day.
    • These tips will help to prevent the symptoms from coming back.
12. Call Your Doctor If:
    • Constipation lasts more than 1 week after making changes to diet
    • You think your child needs to be seen
    • Your child becomes worse

And remember, contact your doctor if your child develops any of the ‘Call Your Doctor’ symptoms.

Disclaimer: this health information is for educational purposes only. You, the reader, assume full responsibility for how you choose to use it.

Last Reviewed: 11/07/2021

Last Revised: 10/21/2021

Copyright 2000-2021. Schmitt Pediatric Guidelines LLC.

Soy milk decreased chronic constipation in young children

Iacono G, Cavataio F, Montalto G, et al. Intolerance of cow’s milk and chronic constipation in children.N Engl J Med 1998 Oct 15; 339:1100–4.

Question Does soy milk increase stool frequency in young children who have chronic constipation and are being given cows’ milk?

Design

Randomised, controlled, double blind, crossover trial.

Setting

A paediatric gastroenterology clinic at a university hospital in Italy.

Patients

65 children <6 years of age (mean age 34.6 mo, 55% girls) who were referred for chronic constipation (chronic fecal retention of 1 bowel movement every 3–15 d often associated with abdominal symptoms). Exclusion criteria were anatomical causes of constipation, constipation caused by another disorder, previous anal surgery, and use of medications associated with constipation. All children were being fed cows’ milk, dairy products, or commercial formulas derived from cows’ milk. All had unsuccessful treatment with laxatives. Follow up was complete.

Intervention

Children who were <15 months old were given formula (based on cows’ milk or soy milk) and older children were given whole cows’ milk or soy milk. In the first stage, 33 children were allocated to cows’ milk and 32 children were allocated to soy milk for 2 weeks. After a 1 week wash out period, during which use of soy or cows’ milk derivatives was unrestricted, children were given the alternate milk for another 2 weeks. Parents were asked to withhold foods that contained milk during the study. Children with a positive response to soy milk took it for an additional month and then were re-randomised to cows’ milk or soy milk for a 2 week period (challenge test).

Main outcome measures

A positive response defined as ≥8 bowel movements during the 2 week study period. Fecal score was also calculated (1 for mushy or liquid stools, 2 for soft feces, and 3 for hard stools and difficulty and pain on passing stools).

Main results

44 of the 65 children (68%) had a response while receiving soy milk and none of the children had a response while receiving cows’ milk. Children who received cows’ milk had a mean of 4 bowel movements during the 2 study weeks and children who received soy milk had a mean of 10 bowel movements (p<0.001). Children who received soy milk had better fecal scores (1 or 2 v 3) (p<0.001) than children who received cows’ milk. Of the 44 children in the challenge test, all children who received cows’ milk had constipation compared with none of the children who received soy milk. At baseline, children who responded to soy milk had more anal fissures with erythema or edema (91% v 43%, p<0.001), symptoms of intolerance to cows’ milk (25% v 5%, p=0.05), and positive results for immunological tests (70% v 19%, p<0.001).

Conclusion

In young children, constipation was associated with cows’ milk; soy milk reduced the constipation.

Evidence to suggest that childhood constipation may be caused by milk intolerance has appeared in the medical literature from as far back as 1954.¹ Several studies have suggested that causes of chronic constipation are either psychological or caused by disturbances in intestinal motility. In 1995, however, Iacono et al carried out a study that linked constipation to milk intolerance.² This follow up research from the same authors provides further evidence that constipation is indeed caused by intolerance to the protein found in cows’ milk. Immunological tests showed hypersensitivity in nearly three quarters of children with constipation, increasing the possibility that the constipation was related to food intolerance. Mucosal inflammation was more frequent in children with an immune response.

This is an extremely well designed, thorough study. A strength of the study is that the 44 children who had a positive response to soy milk were studied again after a further month on the soy diet. The findings of the study support the authors’ theory and are indeed dramatic. It is seldom we find such clear cut results in healthcare research, and we must therefore exercise a certain degree of caution. These children cannot be looked upon as being representative of the general population. They were chosen from a highly specialised centre dealing with the treatment of food allergies, and could be regarded as being preselected by the referring paediatrician.

Notwithstanding that further research needs to be done in other centres to confirm the findings of this study, it would seem that substituting cows’ milk with soy milk for a trial period should perhaps be recommended as the first line of treatment before administering large doses of laxatives. The results of this research should be of interest to nurses who deal with children suffering from chronic constipation.

References

1. ↵

   Clein NW. Cows’ milk allergy in infants. Pediatr Clin North Am 1954;4:949–62.

2. ↵

   Iacono G, Carroccio A, Cavataio F, et al. Chronic constipation as a symptom of cow milk allergy. J Pediatr 1995;126:34–9.

Uses, Dose & Side Effects

Milk of magnesia has been around as a remedy for about 140 years and is one of the most common over-the-counter treatments for constipation and acid indigestion. It gets its name from the milky look of the main ingredient, magnesium hydroxide, when it’s mixed with water. Here’s a quick look at how to use it, how it works, and possible side effects.

1. Milk of magnesia is most often used as a laxative.

Milk of magnesia is an antacid that can help settle your stomach if you have indigestion, but is more commonly used as a laxative. If you are constipated—meaning you are having fewer bowel movements than usual—try eating more fiber and drinking plenty of water before taking any medication, including milk of magnesia, to relieve the problem.

2. A dose of milk of magnesia for constipation includes a glass of water. 

In liquid form, the dosage to relieve constipation for people 12 years and older is 2 to 4 tablespoons, usually taken at bedtime, followed by at least 8 ounces of water. For an upset stomach, take 1 to 3 tablespoons, up to four times a day. Always follow the directions on the package and do not take more than the recommended amount.

3. Milk of magnesia can interact with other medications.

Most people tolerate milk of magnesia well, but it can cause cramps, diarrhea, and low blood pressure. If you are on prescription medicine, ask your doctor if you can take milk of magnesia, because it can interact with other drugs. People with chronic kidney disease should avoid taking too much milk of magnesia. If you are pregnant, check with your doctor before taking a laxative, including milk of magnesia.

4. Milk of magnesia works by absorbing water and neutralizing acid.

The magnesium hydroxide in milk of magnesia is a mineral that absorbs water. As it draws water into your intestines, it softens the stool and stimulates the intestines. That makes it easier to have a bowel movement. As a remedy for indigestion or heartburn, milk of magnesia’s alkaline nature neutralizes excess stomach acid.

5. Some people use milk of magnesia as a home remedy for skin conditions.

Milk of magnesia is a popular folk remedy for acne, oily skin, dandruff, and itchy scalp. Some women use it as a makeup primer to absorb oil on the face before applying foundation. Although there is no scientific evidence to support these claims, it continues to be a popular home remedy.

Kids Health Information : Constipation

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Constipation is when a child has a hard poo (faeces or bowel movement) and/or does not go to the toilet regularly. There is a lot of difference in the firmness and frequency of normal bowel movements in children.

• Breastfed babies may have a poo following each feed, or only one poo each week.
• Bottle-fed babies and older children will usually have a poo at least every one to three days.

Constipation is a common problem in children, particularly around the time of toilet training or starting solids. It can also become a problem after a child has had a painful or frightening bowel movement.

Signs and symptoms of constipation

Constipation can cause:

• stomach cramps (the pain tends to come and go)
• your child to feel less hungry than usual
• irritable behaviour
• anal fissures (small splits of the skin around the anus) that cause pain and bleeding when doing a poo – they can be caused by straining to pass a large, hard poo
• holding-on behaviour, such as squatting, crossing legs or refusing to sit on the toilet.

If your child is constipated, they might look more bloated than usual, and you may even be able to feel hard lumps of poo if you press gently on their tummy.

Long-term constipation can cause your child to soil themselves (do a poo or large smears in their pants). This happens if your child’s rectum (bottom) is full of poo for a long time and it becomes stretched. Your child may not get the urge to go to the toilet because the rectum always feels stretched. The poo can then pass into your child’s pants, without them feeling it. Medically, soiling is called ‘encopresis’ or ‘faecal incontinence’.

What causes constipation?

In most cases of constipation in children, no serious cause is found. Some possible reasons include:

• Natural tendency – some children have slow gut movement, which causes constipation.
• Bowel habits – such as ignoring the urge to have a poo. Many young children are too busy playing and put off going to the toilet. The poo then becomes harder and larger. Toilet time should be set aside three times a day, every day, to allow for regular, undisturbed visits to the toilet.
• Holding-on behaviour – a child may begin to ‘hold on’ after a painful or frightening experience, such as doing a hard poo when they have anal fissures. Holding on further hardens the poo, and makes the next bowel movement even more painful.
• Change in toilet environment – such as new or undesirable school toilets, or being told to hold on when they feel the urge to go (typically at school).
• Diet – a diet high in processed foods and low in fresh fruit and vegetables may lead to constipation. Children who drink large amounts of cow’s milk each day may also become constipated.
• Disease – in a very small number of children, diseases such as the absence of normal nerve endings in parts of the bowel, defects of the spinal cord, thyroid deficiency and certain other metabolic disorders can cause constipation. All of these are rare, but your doctor will check your child for them.

Care at home

You only need to worry about the firmness or frequency of your child’s poo if it seems to be causing a problem. In most cases, you can treat your child at home to help their constipation.

Healthy bowel habits

If your toilet-trained child is constipated, it is important for them to develop the habit of sitting on the toilet regularly.

• Your child should sit on the toilet after breakfast, lunch and dinner – even if they do not feel the urge to go. They should stay for three to five minutes, even if they have done some poo before then. Using a kitchen timer can avoid arguments about how long they have been sitting.
• Reinforce the good behaviours (sitting on and pooing in the toilet) with encouragement and age-appropriate sticker or reward charts, or other creative options. Praise your child for sitting on the toilet, even if they don’t do a poo.
• Encourage your child to respond to their body’s urge to poo.
• Make sure your child has the correct equipment for using an adult-sized toilet. This may include an inset for the toilet seat and a foot stool for them to rest their feet on.

Remove frightening or painful associations

• Many young children are worried that they may fall into the toilet. A foot stool or rails can help. Having a favourite book by the toilet might make them feel better.
• You may want to find out if your child is worried about using the toilets at school, kindergarten or child care, and see if anything can be done to help.

A healthy diet

Diet is less important in the treatment of constipation for children than it is for adults, but increasing fibre intake might help some children who have a natural tendency to be constipated. To add more fibre to your child’s diet, you can try the following:

• At least two servings of fruit each day – fruits with the peel left on, such as plums, prunes, raisins, apricots and peaches, have a lot of fibre.
• Prune juice – this is a mild, natural laxative that works in some children. Prune juice may taste better if mixed with another juice, such as apple, apricot or cranberry juice. You can freeze prune juice to make icy poles.
• At least three servings of vegetables each day.
• Cereals that are less processed, such as bran cereals, shredded wheat, whole grain cereals or oatmeal – avoid refined cereals, such as Corn Flakes and Rice Bubbles.
• Wholemeal bread instead of white bread.

If your child is over the age of 18 months, reduce cow’s milk intake to a maximum of 500 ml per day and avoid sweet drinks before meals. This will help to improve your child’s appetite at meal times. 

For babies on solids, increased fruit and vegetables in their diet might help. You can give your baby up to three tablespoons of strained, stewed prunes or apricots, three times a week, or give them prune juice diluted with water.

Babies with constipation who drink formula might need their formula changed.

When to see a doctor

If your baby is under 12 months old and you think they are constipated, you should consult your GP or Maternal and Child Health Nurse.

For older children, if simple diet changes aren’t helping, your child is in significant pain or if they are bleeding from their bottom, you should take them to the GP.

Your GP may recommend a laxative treatment. Children who have been constipated for many months are likely to need laxative medications for several months, in addition to being encouraged to have healthy bowel habits.

Key points to remember

• There is a lot of difference in the firmness and frequency of poo in children.
• You only need to worry about the firmness or frequency of your child’s poo if it seems to be causing a problem.
• Constipation can cause stomach cramps, reduced appetite and irritability.
• See your doctor if simple diet changes aren’t helping, your child is in significant pain or if they are bleeding from their bottom.
• Constipation can usually be controlled with healthy bowel habits and medicines, as advised by a doctor.

For more information

Common questions our doctors are asked

When should I be worried about the colour of my child’s poo?

Generally, it is OK if children have poo that is coloured anywhere from yellowy-brown through to dark green. If your child’s poo is white, red or black, take them to see their doctor.

My baby strains to poo, does that mean they are constipated?

It is common for children under six months of age to strain before passing a soft bowel action. This is not constipation, but rather reflects a slowly developing skill/ability to co-ordinate a bowel action.

Developed by The Royal Children’s Hospital General Medicine and Emergency departments. We acknowledge the input of RCH consumers and carers.

Reviewed August 2020.

Kids Health Info is supported by The Royal Children’s Hospital Foundation. To donate, visit
www.rchfoundation.org.au.

Why kids get constipated and how to help

How can I tell if my child is constipated?

Signs of constipation in kids include:

• Less frequent bowel movements than usual: This is true especially if your child hasn’t had a bowel movement in four or more days and is uncomfortable when she tries to poop.
• Hard, dry stools or large stools: Hard, dry stools can be very uncomfortable to pass, and large log-like stools might even clog the toilet. A child with abnormal stools may poop regularly and still be constipated.
• Belly pain and bloating: Constipation is the most common cause of stomach ache in kids.
• Soiled underwear: You may see very watery stool in your child’s underwear or diaper. Don’t assume this is diarrhea – it may be evidence of constipation. Liquid stool can slip past a blockage in the lower intestine and wind up in your child’s underwear or diaper.

How often should kids poop?

How frequently kids have bowel movements varies from child to child. Young children tend to have bowel movements several times a week. Your child may poop after every meal, or may wait a day or two in between bowel movements. The frequency depends on factors such as:

• What and how much he eats and drinks
• How active he is
• How quickly he digests food

Can what my child eats and drinks cause constipation?

Yes. Reasons kids get constipated include:

• Drinking too much milk. Filling up on milk, which can be binding, at the expense of eating food high in fiber is often the main cause of constipation in children.
• Eating too many low-fiber foods. Your child could wind up constipated if she eats a lot of cheese, yogurt, or peanut butter, for instance, and not enough fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Dehydration.If your child becomes dehydrated, her system will respond by absorbing more fluid from whatever she eats or drinks – and also from the waste in her bowels. The result is hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass.

What else besides diet causes constipation in children?

• Toilet anxiety: If your child feels pressured about toilet training or is anxious about having had a painful bowel movement, he might deliberately withhold his stool. If he shows all the signs of straining to have a bowel movement – stiffening his body and getting red in the face – he may actually be trying to hold it in. If constipation becomes chronic, the intestinal muscles can weaken, making it even more difficult to have a bowel movement.
• Not enough time on the toilet: Sometimes children don’t completely empty their bowels. That can cause a buildup of feces that makes the colon cramp and stretch. An enlarged colon can lead to hard stools that are larger than normal and difficult to pass – which only makes your child even more reluctant to use the potty.
• Lack of activity: Movement helps blood flow to your child’s digestive system, so he may experience trouble pooping if he’s not active.
• Underlying medical issues: Constipation is sometimes a symptom of other conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), lactose intolerance, hypothyroidism, and diabetes.
• Supplements and medications: Some supplements, such as iron, and some medicines, such as antidepressants, can lead to constipation.
• Stress: A child who is anxious or upset might become constipated or have diarrhea.

What diet changes will help treat and prevent constipation in the child?

• Limit foods that have a binding effect. These include bananas, cooked carrots or squash, and large quantities of dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, and ice cream. Two cups of dairy a day are adequate for a toddler or preschooler. For a grade-schooler, 2 1/2 cups of dairy a day are adequate. (For example, 1 cup is a cup of milk or yogurt, or 1 1/2 ounces of hard cheese.) For more information, see our guides to feeding your toddler, preschooler, or grade-schooler.
• Boost your child’s fiber intake. Serve plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Offer apricots, plums, peas, beans, broccoli, and prunes. If she doesn’t like the taste of prunes, try adding prune juice to her milk: Just 1 ounce of prune juice in half a cup of milk can be very effective. Popcorn is also a great source of fiber for older children, but it’s a choking hazard for younger kids.
• Increase fluids. To help keep your child’s stools soft, encourage her to drink at least 32 ounces of something other than milk each day. Water is your best choice, but she can have a little prune, pear, or apple juice, which you can dilute with water. Limit juice consumption to 4 ounces (1/2 cup) a day for toddlers 1 through 3 years, 4 to 6 ounces (1/2 to 3/4 cup) a day for children 4 through 6 years, and 8 ounces (1 cup) for children 7 years and older.

What else besides diet changes can I do to help treat or prevent constipation in my child?

• Encourage daily exercise. Being active gets the blood flowing to the intestines, helping to stimulate gut contractions and increase the transit time of food through the intestines.
• Wait or back off on toilet training. Pressuring your child to use the potty before he’s ready can make him afraid or resentful, and he could wind up withholding bowel movements. If you notice your child doing this, increase the amount of fiber he eats (see above) and back off on training. Wait to try again until you spot the signs that he’s really ready.
• Discourage delaying bowel movements. Encourage your child to use the toilet as soon as he feels the urge to poop and to tell you if he needs to go when you’re out and about.
• Hang out in the bathroom. Children who have been constipated for a long time may have trouble perceiving that their rectum is full. If your child says he never feels like he needs to poop, try having him spend five to 10 minutes on the toilet after breakfast and dinner. Make it a pleasant experience by reading a book or talking to him. But don’t force him to stay there if he doesn’t want to, or he’ll start to think using the toilet is a punishment.

Can I give my child a laxative or other over-the-counter treatment for constipation?

Always talk to the doctor first. If your child is very constipated, the doctor may suggest using an over-the-counter:

• Stool softener
• Lubricant (such as mineral oil)
• Laxative
• Enema (for severe or chronic constipation)
• Glycerin suppository: A glycerin suppository will stimulate your child’s rectum and help her pass a stool. Using a suppository occasionally is fine, but don’t do it on a regular basis because your child could wind up relying on them to have a bowel movement.
• Psyllium, if your child is at least 6 years old: If your grade-schooler is a picky eater and it’s hard to get her to eat high-fiber foods, psyllium may help. This dietary fiber absorbs liquid in the intestine to form stools that are easier to pass.

What should I do if my child is deliberately withholding bowel movements?

Talk to the doctor. Withholding stool makes constipation worse.

Some children aren’t comfortable using the toilet away from home, so they try to wait if they’re somewhere else. Others start resisting bowel movements after having one that was hard and difficult to pass.

Also, if your child is deliberately holding back his stools, treating his constipation with suppositories or an enema could be extremely upsetting to him. Always check with your doctor before resorting to this type of treatment.

When should I call the doctor?

Call the doctor if your child is constipated and:

• Isn’t eating
• Loses weight
• Has blood in her stool
• Has anal fissures – slight tears in the delicate skin near the opening of her anus (see “What should I do if my child has anal fissures?” below)
• Isn’t responding to basic treatments for constipation, such as drinking more water and eating more fiber
• Is deliberately withholding bowel movements (see “What should I do if my child is deliberately withholding bowel movements?” above).

What should I do if my child has anal fissures?

If your child is passing hard, dry stools, they can cause slight tears, called anal fissures, in the delicate skin near the opening of his anus. If this happens:

• Talk to your child’s doctor, who may prescribe or recommend a hydrocortisone cream or ointment. Applying it after a warm bath will help relieve the pain and promote healing.
• Don’t use hemorrhoid cream; it’s not safe for children.

Learn more

90,000 Nutrition for mothers with constipation in a child

Views: 179 504

Date of last update: October 29, 2021

Average Read Time: 8 minutes

Contents:

Breast milk allows the baby to receive all the nutrients necessary for his growth and full development, and relieves the mother of anxiety about the correct selection of milk formulas, the temperature of the prepared baby food, etc.But there is a nuance in breastfeeding: the quality of the baby’s digestion directly depends on the mother’s diet. Therefore, quite often women turn to the doctor with the question of what to eat for their mother if the child has constipation, and how to normalize the newborn’s stool by correcting the mother’s diet.

Classification of constipation in newborns and infants

Stool retention in children can be acute and chronic. In the first case, it occurs once or is observed periodically, but with large intervals between episodes.In a chronic condition, this problem is relevant for a long period: the symptoms of constipation are observed constantly for several weeks or months.

In addition to the classification by the course, constipation is divided into atonic and spastic. In the first case, the peristalsis is sluggish and weak, and the excreted feces are dense and voluminous. With spastic constipation, excessive peristalsis is observed in one of the areas of the intestine, which leads to a temporary “blockage” of feces and its difficult movement.Feces for spastic constipation are heterogeneous, divided into small, dry and hard lumps.

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Causes of constipation in infants

The most common causes of constipation in infants are:

• Maternal malnutrition. Maternal nutrition for constipation in a breastfed infant should be considered first. It is the mother’s dietary disorders that often lead to stool retention in the child.The diet of a nursing mother with constipation in a baby often includes foods that have a fixing property.
• Features of the nervous system of the newborn. A kind of immaturity of the mechanisms responsible for the innervation (that is, the supply of organs and tissues with nerves, ensuring their connection with the central nervous system) of the intestine, can cause constipation due to insufficient receptor response to irritation by feces.
• The mother was taking medications. A number of drugs necessary for the treatment of various diseases and conditions in a nursing mother give side effects in the form of a decrease in intestinal tone, slowing down of peristalsis, etc. Therefore, when prescribing drug therapy, a woman should inform the doctor that she is breastfeeding.

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The importance of maternal nutrition for constipation in an infant

Nutrition of a nursing mother with constipation in a child is much more important than it might seem at first glance.So, a lack of fluid in the diet leads to an increase in the fat content of milk, which can cause stool retention in a child. Consuming a lot of sweets and pastries can change the chemical composition of milk. It also negatively affects the baby’s bowel function. And the absence of vegetable products in the menu – vegetables and fruits, vegetable oils, etc. – reduces the amount of vitamins and minerals in breast milk, which can provoke not only constipation, but also other medical problems.

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Featured Products

What to eat for constipation for a nursing mother, you can choose from the list of recommended products:

• Cereals . Wheat, oatmeal, corn, buckwheat porridge, whole grain bread, wholemeal or bran bread.
• Meat products. All sorts of lean meat in boiled, baked or stewed form, soups on weak broths.
• Vegetables .Beetroot, pumpkin, zucchini, cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes in the form of salads from fresh or boiled vegetables, side dishes, independent dishes (soups, stews, casseroles, etc.).
• Dried fruits . Dried apricots and prunes are the best products with a laxative effect, but their use should be limited to 3-5 pcs. per day, as if consumed excessively, they can cause diarrhea.

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Deprecated Products

The presence in the diet of food with a laxative effect and rich in fiber is not the only condition that a diet requires for constipation in infants.It is equally important to exclude from the mother’s menu products that have a strengthening effect. These include rice, semolina, pasta, buns, sweets, pears, pomegranates, strong brewed tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate.

If constipation in a baby is accompanied by intestinal colic and increased gas production, all legumes should also be excluded from the diet, and vegetables and fruits from the recommended list should be consumed only in processed form (soups, mashed potatoes, stews, etc.). Laxative products during breastfeeding should also be limited if the child has unstable stools – alternating constipation and diarrhea.

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Maternal and child feeding rules to avoid constipation

Maternal nutrition for constipation in infants is of great importance. But nutritional regimen and hygiene mean no less: they help to exclude a number of factors that have an undesirable effect on the mother’s body and, as a result, on the quality of breast milk.

Observe eating and feeding hours . A clear regimen will make mom’s digestion more efficient and, accordingly, improve the absorption of nutrients.And meals in small portions 4-5 times a day will ensure an even supply of nutrients to milk. Feeding your baby should follow the same principle. Teach him that he eats at strictly allotted hours according to his age – a “disciplined” digestive system is much less prone to constipation.

Observe feeding hygiene . In addition to traditional hygiene procedures before feeding (washing hands, rubbing the nipple and areola), it is necessary to ensure that the baby correctly grips the nipple.When sucking, he should not swallow air – this can provoke disruption of the digestive tract. For better hygiene and to make the mother feel more confident during breastfeeding, we recommend using JOHNSON’S ^® Baby Breast Pads.

MICROLAX ^® prepared visual material especially for mothers of babies prone to constipation:

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Nursing mom’s menu for several days

If a baby has constipation, what should the mother eat and in what quantities? Here is an approximate composition of the diet for two days:

Further, your diet should be structured similarly to this example, taking into account recommended and undesirable foods.

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The information in this article is for reference only and does not replace the professional advice of a physician. Consult a qualified professional for diagnosis and treatment.

Philips AVENT – Common Baby Health Complaints

Common Baby Health Complaints

There are a number of minor illnesses that can occur in young children. While most of them are fairly straightforward to treat, it can cause anxiety in young parents. The following information will help you cope with common baby health problems.

Baby anxiety and colic

Many babies may be restless at certain times of the day, crying loudly, feeling uncomfortable and not requiring feeding.Most often, this condition is associated with colic, which usually occurs in the evening. Children outgrow this condition by five months.

Since the causes of colic are unknown, their treatment is difficult and usually comes down to simple calming the baby and massage. For more tips on how to ease your baby’s suffering, see the section on colic.

Regurgitation

Regurgitation occurs in most young children. They regurgitate a small amount of milk from the stomach into their mouth without harm to their health.Babies who spit up an average amount of milk will gain weight and grow properly, and over time will outgrow this period.

Vomiting

Vomiting produces large amounts of milk. Overfeeding or infection may be the cause. See a qualified healthcare professional if vomiting is severe.

Reflux or gastroesophageal reflux

When a child has reflux, stomach contents go into the trachea, but not always into the mouth.It is uncomfortable, but you may not understand that the reason is reflux.

More severe reflux (regurgitation) is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which can be accompanied by a high-pitched crying baby. GERD usually resolves over time, but in some babies it may persist through the first year of life or longer.

Feeding smaller meals more often can help with GERD, so try feeding your baby smaller meals every three hours instead of four hours apart.If breastfeeding, change the position to a more comfortable position to relieve GERD.

If you are formula feeding your baby, a qualified healthcare professional may recommend thicker formula or prescribe safe reflux medication.

In some cases, GERD can be caused by an intolerance to cow’s milk protein, and your pediatrician will recommend drinking protein-free milk.

Diarrhea and gastroenteritis

Diarrhea occurs quite frequently in children, especially in those with pain associated with teething.

Diarrhea and gastroenteritis

Diarrhea is quite common in children, especially in those with pain associated with teething.

Intestinal microorganisms

Intestinal microorganisms in gastroenteritis appear as a result of a bacterial or viral infection and are most often found in infant formula, since there is a high probability of contamination of the formula with bacteria during manufacture. Babies under six months of age are particularly susceptible to contracting gastroenteritis and hypohydria and may sometimes need to be hospitalized.

Gastroenteritis is extremely rare in infants fed exclusively on breast milk, but breastfeeding should be continued in the event of this disease to avoid dehydration. In acute cases, oral rehydration fluids may be required.

Prolonged diarrhea after acute gastroenteritis may be associated with temporary lactose intolerance. Breastfeeding should continue, but lactose-free formula should be used when formula feeding infants.If you have already introduced complementary foods, it is recommended to exclude foods containing milk and lactose from the baby’s diet. All this should be done only under the supervision of a doctor and after receiving the appropriate recommendations from a nutritionist.

Constipation

Signs of constipation are difficulty, delay or pain during bowel movements (excretion of feces).

During the first 3-4 months, babies should have frequent loose, bright yellow stools at least 2-3 times a day. From 3-4 months, bowel movements will be less frequent.Not having a bowel movement for several days is abnormal. As long as your baby is doing well, you have no cause for concern. Stool frequency and color may change after you start eating solid foods.

Constipation is rare in breastfed babies, but if it does, it can be caused by not getting enough milk due to improper attachment or feeding position. Seek help from your midwife or health visitor to make sure you are holding and latching on your baby correctly while breastfeeding.

More often constipation occurs in babies who are fed milk formulas. Constipation is also common in babies when switching from breastfeeding to formula feeding. One of the reasons may be the content of calcium salts in the mixture, as a result of which in some babies, the stool becomes harder. Constipation can also be caused by:

• Excessive concentration of formula
• Abnormal fluid intake, including underfeeding
• Cow’s milk protein intolerance

Preventing constipation in formula-fed babies

Baby is consuming enough food
• Make sure the mixture is prepared according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Avoiding a casein-dominant mix (milk number 2) and switching to a whey-dominant mix (milk number 1) may help.
• To reduce digestive problems, switching to a modified milk formula may help as these formulas contain different fats.
• In hot weather, additionally give boiled chilled water
• If you are introducing complementary foods, make sure that the baby’s diet is balanced, that is, he receives fruits, vegetables and grains, such as oatmeal.Bran should not be given to young children.
• Always offer drinks while feeding.

If constipation persists, see a qualified healthcare professional.

Slow growth of the baby

If the baby does not consume enough milk, the growth rate will be slow. In the first few days of life, children lose weight, but gain it by 10-14 days of life.

Growth rates of babies fed with breast milk or milk formulas differ slightly during the first year of life.Compared to formula-fed babies, breastfed babies grow faster during the first 3-4 months, and their growth rate slows down from about 5 months.

Children should not be weighed more than once every 2 weeks, as smaller intervals do not indicate weight loss or gain.

Signs of stunted growth of the child:

• Weak or fluctuating weight gain, or no weight gain.
• The child is passive or cries quietly.
• Weak muscle tone and lack of skin elasticity.
• Emitting concentrated urine several times a day.
• Rare stool.
• Fewer than eight short breastfeeds per day.

Prevention of stunting in formula-fed infants:

• Ensure that the correct formula is used and that it is prepared correctly.
• Make sure your baby’s nipple size is correct

If the baby is born prematurely, continue using Premature Formula or High Calorie Formula as recommended by your pediatrician or dietitian.

Please note that the information contained in these articles is only general advice and should not be used as a substitute for consulting a doctor. If you, your family member, or your child develops symptoms or illnesses that are severe or persistent, or need professional medical attention, see your doctor. Philips Avent will not be held liable for damages resulting from the use of the information provided on this site.

Constipation and bloating in a child

Functional constipation

Functional constipation affects about one in 30 children.Moreover, in 17–40% of them, constipation begins already in the first year of life. Constipation can be expressed in loose stools (no more than 2 times a week), difficulty or pain during bowel movements. Children’s constipation can have different causes, but in most cases no specific cause can be identified. Such constipation in babies is called functional . According to the modern definition ¹ , constipation in infants, as a rule, should be understood as a combination of rare stools (2 times a week or less) with difficulty or pain during defecation, which persists for at least a month.In older children, stool rarity is no longer a mandatory sign of functional constipation, and it can be diagnosed with stools 2 or more times a week in the presence of other signs. If you want to know if your baby’s bowel condition can be called constipation, it is best to see a doctor. There are official diagnostic criteria called 3 Roman Criteria for Functional Constipation . They are accepted as the official definition of functional constipation by the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) and the North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (NASPGHAN).Diagnosis and treatment of functional constipation most often requires the involvement of a doctor. ¹

For the treatment of functional constipation in children, it is officially recommended to include a sufficient amount of dietary fiber in the diet (official recommendations * for healthy people are 14 g of dietary fiber for every 1000 kcal of the diet), ² normal physical activity, in children aged 6 months to 8 years old with fecal obstruction use of macrogol laxative, if macrogol is unavailable or in other age groups of enemas for 3-6 days, use of lactulose in the absence of macrogol as maintenance therapy, other laxatives allowed in children are recommended to be used only in addition to or in as second-choice drugs. ¹

Data on the role of cow’s milk protein allergy (which is present in formula milk in mixed and formula-fed infants and in the diet of older children) in functional constipation is currently controversial. However, experts recommend that children with functional constipation that do not respond to other treatments try to completely eliminate cow’s milk protein (even in residual amounts) from the diet for 2-4 weeks.Routine laboratory tests for cow’s milk protein allergy for functional constipation in children are not recommended. ¹

A number of probiotic drugs have been successfully clinically tested for functional constipation in children, demonstrating the ability to increase stool frequency. ¹

Hilak forte is a drug related to probiotics, which could be more accurately called a metabiotic. It does not contain live bacteria and is a metabolic product of four beneficial intestinal bacteria (“healthy” E. coli, enterococcus and two lactobacilli).The last three bacteria belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria. In the process of their vital activity, they produce lactic acid, which maintains a moderately high acidity in the intestines. The increased acidity created by lactic acid inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria and yeast-like fungi and promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria. In addition, among the products of beneficial intestinal bacteria in the composition of Khilak forte, the so-called short-chain fatty acids occupy a special place.They serve as food for the cells of the intestinal mucosa, stimulate their regeneration and restore the disturbed water-electrolyte balance in the intestinal lumen, which is of particular importance for functional constipation. ³

Hilak forte

Contains active metabolites of 4 types of beneficial bacteria:

Hilak forte is approved for use in children from birth, as well as in pregnant and lactating women (however, in the latter two cases, the decision on the appointment is made by the attending physician). ³

Before use, Hilak Forte is diluted with a small amount of liquid (excluding milk): juice, compote or just water. It is taken 3 times a day: 40-60 drops for adults, 20-40 drops for children and 15-30 drops for infants. ³

Dosing and Administration

Flatulence

Flatulence is a consequence of the release of excess gas in the intestine due to the enzymatic activity of bacteria living there.In addition, in infants, in the case of prolonged crying, air can be swallowed into the stomach, which can also lead to bloating of the abdomen. Gas production in the intestines can be due to two main reasons:

• the appearance in the intestines of unfavorable bacteria, prone to release excess gas during their metabolism,
• ingestion of an excessive amount of easily fermentable carbohydrates (fructose, lactose, etc.) into the large intestine as a result of their incomplete absorption in the small intestine.

Thus, the treatment of flatulence, depending on the dominant cause, may consist in restoring the balance of the intestinal microflora or in restoring the cells of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, which are responsible for the final digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.

Hilak forte regulates the balance of intestinal microflora and normalizes its composition. Due to the content of metabolic products of normal microflora, it contributes to the restoration of normal intestinal microflora in a biological way and allows you to preserve the physiological and biological functions of the intestinal mucosa. ³

The information contained in this material cannot be used for self-diagnosis and treatment. See your doctor.

* This does not apply to children under 2 years of age.
¹ Tabbers MM, et al. Evaluation and treatment of functional constipation in infants and children: evidence-based recommendations from ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014; 58 (2): 258–74.
² U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010.7th Edition, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, December 2010.
³ Instruction for medical use of the drug Hilak forte P N014917 / 01.

Against arthritis and excess weight: all about the benefits and dangers of coconut milk

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Against arthritis and excess weight: all about the benefits and dangers of coconut milk

Against arthritis and excess weight: all about the benefits and dangers of coconut milk – RIA Novosti, 03.09.2021

Against arthritis and excess weight: all about the benefits and dangers of coconut milk

Coconut milk is a sweetish white liquid obtained from the pulp of coconut. About the benefits and contraindications – in the material RIA Novosti. RIA Novosti, 03.09.2021

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MOSCOW, Nov 30 – RIA Novosti. Coconut milk is a sweetish white liquid obtained from the pulp of coconut. About the benefits and contraindications – in the material RIA Novosti. Homeland and history of coconut milk The drink first appeared in Thailand as a replacement for ordinary cow’s milk. Then the product spread outside the country, becoming part of many oriental dishes.In Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia it is called “santin”, in the Philippines coconut milk is called “gata”, and in Thailand – “kathi”. It is wrong to believe that the product consists of the liquid inside the nut. This is coconut water, and milk is made from the pulp of a ripe fruit. Now this drink is especially popular among those who, for one reason or another, have given up on cow and goat milk. Why is coconut milk useful? The composition of the drink contains many important substances for the human body: iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, selenium, zinc, sodium as well as vitamins B, C, A, PP.This allows coconut milk to saturate the body with useful microelements, provide it with energy and tone it up. It is believed that the product is able to improve digestion, normalize hormones, lower cholesterol levels and increase metabolism, which is especially important for dietary nutrition. At the same time, the calorie content of coconut milk is 181 kcal per 100 grams of product. Phosphorus, which is part of the drink, makes bones stronger. Recent studies have shown that milk inhibits the development of tooth decay by neutralizing harmful bacteria and strengthening tooth enamel.Magnesium has a positive effect on the nervous system, helps to more easily endure stressful situations and normalize blood pressure. This is not all the benefits of coconut milk: the antioxidant selenium, which is in its composition, fights against inflammation in the joints and helps with arthritis, and retinol is necessary for skin health. Cytokines strengthen blood vessels and prevent blood clots. Also, the product is rich in tocopherol, which slows down the aging process. Could it be harmful? Coconut milk has contraindications.It should not be given to children under two years of age, as well as to people with digestive disorders suffering from diarrhea and constipation. Experts do not advise drinking coconut milk for hypertension and stomach ulcers. According to Veronika Khovanskaya, excessive consumption can cause weight gain due to its high fat and calorie content, as well as lead to allergies. As used in medicine Due to its beneficial qualities, coconut milk is actively used in medicine. It is believed to help remove mucus from the lungs and thus relieve coughing and also help with chronic diseases of the respiratory system.By supplying the body with essential vitamins and minerals, the drink improves overall well-being. Experts recommend using it after prolonged physical activity to restore strength and store energy. In addition, some substances in coconut milk have anti-cancer properties. Coconut milk has also been used in cosmetology. It is added to skin care products because it can help get rid of acne, blackheads and reduce wrinkles. Cooking Uses This drink can be used in a wide variety of dishes, from desserts to seafood soups.It goes well with any milkshakes, smoothies, yoghurts and fresh fruits, and is also suitable as a substitute for milk in a variety of cereals. In oriental cuisine, it is added to soups, curries and pastas. It is believed that it is best to fry shrimps in it, which are then served with rice, because the drink gives them a delicate taste. In addition, coconut milk can be added to coffee, baked goods, ice cream or chia puddings to diversify the diet and add flavor to foods.How to choose and store Coconut milk on store shelves can usually be seen in a tetra-pack and less often in a tin can. Before buying, you need to pay attention to the shelf life of the product and its composition. Only coconut pulp and water will be indicated in the components of a quality drink. Milk can be stored at temperatures from + 2 ° to + 30 °. After opening the package, the shelf life is reduced to 2-3 days. Although the most popular coconut milk is now sold in tetra-packs, it can be canned in cans to keep it fresh for longer.Then it has a denser consistency and is somewhat reminiscent of yogurt. In this case, you need to add a few tablespoons of the mass to drinks or food.

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MOSCOW, Nov 30 – RIA Novosti. Coconut milk is a sweetish white liquid obtained from the pulp of coconut. About the benefits and contraindications – in the material RIA Novosti.

Homeland and history of coconut milk

The drink first appeared in Thailand as a replacement for regular cow’s milk. Then the product spread outside the country, becoming part of many oriental dishes.In Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia it is called santin, in the Philippines coconut milk is called gata and in Thailand it is called kathi.

It is incorrect to believe that the product consists of the liquid inside the nut. This is coconut water, and milk is made from the pulp of a ripe fruit. Now this drink is especially popular among those who, for one reason or another, have given up on cow and goat milk.

11 May 2020, 08:00 Tourism Simple and tasty. Recipes for summer drinks from different countries

Why is coconut milk useful

The drink contains many important substances for the human body: iron, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, manganese, selenium, zinc, sodium, as well as vitamins B, C, A, PP.This allows coconut milk to saturate the body with useful microelements, provide it with energy and tone it up. It is believed that the product is able to improve digestion, normalize hormones, lower cholesterol levels and increase metabolism, which is especially important for dietary nutrition. At the same time, the calorie content of coconut milk is 181 kcal per 100 grams of product.

“Coconut milk helps to reduce weight, – nutritionist Veronika Khovanskaya told RIA Novosti. – It contains medium chain triglycerides (MCT), which researchers have linked to weight loss.MCTs stimulate energy production through a process called thermogenesis. They also help balance unstable gut microbiota. It is the lack of this stability that can play a role in the development of obesity. “

The phosphorus in the drink makes bones stronger. Recent studies have shown that milk prevents the development of caries by neutralizing harmful bacteria and strengthens tooth enamel. Magnesium has a positive effect on nervous system, helps to more easily endure stressful situations and normalize blood pressure.This is not all the benefits of coconut milk: the antioxidant selenium, which is in its composition, fights against inflammation in the joints and helps with arthritis, and retinol is necessary for skin health. Cytokines strengthen blood vessels and prevent blood clots. Also, the product is rich in tocopherol, which slows down the aging process.

August 16, 2020 04:00Nutritionist Tatyana Skirda shared her opinion on the benefits of this drink with Sputnik radio.

Could it be harmful

Coconut milk has contraindications. It should not be given to children under two years of age, as well as to people with digestive disorders suffering from diarrhea and constipation. Experts advise against drinking coconut milk for hypertension and stomach ulcers.

According to Veronica Khovanskaya, excessive consumption can cause weight gain due to the high fat and calorie content, as well as lead to allergies.

As used in medicine

Due to its beneficial qualities, coconut milk is actively used in medicine. It is believed to help remove mucus from the lungs and thus relieve coughing and also help with chronic diseases of the respiratory system. By supplying the body with essential vitamins and minerals, the drink improves overall well-being. Experts recommend using it after prolonged physical exertion to restore strength and stock up on energy.

In addition, some substances in coconut milk have anti-cancer properties.

“Coconuts contain a lipid called lauric acid, which many researchers believe may support the immune system. Some evidence suggests that it has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Researchers have also found that lauric acid induces apoptosis – the death of breast cancer cells and the endometrium. The findings indicate that this acid inhibits the growth of cancer cells by stimulating certain receptor proteins that regulate the growth of new cells, “- said the nutritionist.

Coconut milk has found application in cosmetology. It is added to skin care products because it helps in getting rid of acne, blackheads, and wrinkles.

Culinary Applications

This drink can be used to prepare a wide variety of dishes, from desserts to seafood soups. It goes well with any milkshakes, smoothies, yoghurts and fresh fruits, and is also suitable as a substitute for milk in a variety of cereals.In oriental cuisine, it is added to soups, curries and pastas. It is believed that it is best to fry shrimps in it, which are then served with rice, because the drink gives them a delicate taste. In addition, coconut milk can be added to coffee, baked goods, ice cream or chia puddings to diversify the diet and add flavor to foods.

How to choose and store

Coconut milk on store shelves can usually be seen in a tetra-pack and less often in a tin can.Before buying, you need to pay attention to the shelf life of the product and its composition. Only coconut pulp and water will be indicated in the ingredients of a quality drink.

Milk can be stored at temperatures from + 2 ° to + 30 °.