How does the thyroid gland function. What are the main differences between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Can a person experience both conditions at the same time. What causes fluctuations between these thyroid disorders.

Understanding the Thyroid Gland and Its Functions

The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped organ located at the base of the neck. Its primary function is to produce hormones that regulate various bodily processes, including metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. When the thyroid gland malfunctions, it can lead to two main disorders: hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

What is the role of thyroid hormones?

Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in maintaining the body’s homeostasis. They influence nearly every organ system, regulating energy production, protein synthesis, and cellular sensitivity to other hormones. The two main thyroid hormones are thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Hypothyroidism: When the Thyroid Underperforms

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces insufficient hormones. This condition can slow down various bodily functions, leading to a range of symptoms.

Common symptoms of hypothyroidism

• Fatigue and weakness
• Weight gain
• Dry skin and hair
• Constipation
• Increased sensitivity to cold
• Depression
• Muscle aches and stiffness

Hyperthyroidism: When the Thyroid Overproduces

In contrast to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism is characterized by an overactive thyroid gland that produces excessive amounts of hormones. This condition can accelerate various bodily processes, resulting in a different set of symptoms.

Typical signs of hyperthyroidism

• Unexplained weight loss
• Rapid heartbeat
• Increased appetite
• Nervousness and anxiety
• Tremors in hands and fingers
• Excessive sweating
• Difficulty sleeping

Can Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism Coexist?

It is physiologically impossible for a person to have both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism simultaneously. The thyroid gland cannot underproduce and overproduce hormones at the same time. However, in rare cases, individuals may experience fluctuations between these two conditions.

Why do some people experience alternating thyroid conditions?

The alternation between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is primarily attributed to the presence and balance of two types of thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR) antibodies:

1. Thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb): This antibody can cause hyperthyroidism by activating TSHRs.
2. Thyroid-stimulating hormone blocking antibody (TBAb): This antibody can lead to hypothyroidism by blocking thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) from binding to TSHRs.

The coexistence of these antibodies in the body can result in fluctuating thyroid function, depending on which antibody is dominant at a given time.

Rare Cases of Alternating Thyroid Disorders

Several case studies have documented instances of individuals experiencing oscillating thyroid function. These cases highlight the complexity of thyroid disorders and the challenges in their management.

Notable case studies of alternating thyroid conditions

• A 2018 case study reported a patient with spontaneously oscillating thyroid function over 15 years.
• A 2019 report presented a rare case of conversion from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to Graves’ disease.
• An 18-year-old male experienced five cycles of alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism over 17 months.
• A 2021 report described an adolescent switching between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism due to a combination of Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Factors Influencing Thyroid Function Fluctuations

Several factors can contribute to the shift between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in susceptible individuals. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective management of thyroid disorders.

What causes shifts in thyroid function?

• Autoimmune processes: Changes in the balance of thyroid antibodies can trigger shifts in thyroid function.
• Treatment effects: Certain treatments for one condition may inadvertently lead to the development of the other.
• Spontaneous changes: In some cases, thyroid function may fluctuate without any apparent trigger.
• Underlying conditions: The presence of multiple thyroid disorders, such as Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, can contribute to alternating thyroid states.

Diagnostic Challenges and Treatment Approaches

Diagnosing and treating alternating thyroid disorders can be challenging due to their complex nature. Healthcare providers must carefully monitor thyroid function and adjust treatment strategies accordingly.

How are fluctuating thyroid disorders diagnosed?

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels, antibody tests to detect the presence of thyroid antibodies, and careful monitoring of symptoms over time. In some cases, imaging studies such as ultrasound or radioiodine uptake scans may be necessary to assess thyroid gland structure and function.

Treatment options for alternating thyroid conditions

• Antithyroid medications: Used to manage hyperthyroidism by reducing hormone production.
• Thyroid hormone replacement therapy: Administered to treat hypothyroidism by supplementing thyroid hormones.
• Radioactive iodine therapy: Can be used to destroy overactive thyroid tissue in cases of persistent hyperthyroidism.
• Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of the thyroid gland may be considered in severe or difficult-to-manage cases.

The choice of treatment depends on the individual’s specific condition, the severity of symptoms, and the frequency of thyroid function fluctuations.

Long-term Management and Prognosis

Managing alternating thyroid disorders requires ongoing monitoring and adjustment of treatment strategies. The long-term outlook for individuals with these conditions can vary depending on several factors.

What is the prognosis for individuals with fluctuating thyroid function?

The prognosis for people experiencing alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is generally favorable with proper management. However, the condition can be challenging to control and may require frequent medication adjustments. In some cases, definitive treatments such as thyroidectomy or radioactive iodine therapy may be necessary to stabilize thyroid function.

Importance of regular monitoring

Regular follow-up appointments and thyroid function tests are crucial for individuals with alternating thyroid disorders. This allows healthcare providers to detect changes in thyroid function early and adjust treatment plans accordingly. Patients should also be educated about the signs and symptoms of both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism to report any changes promptly.

Future Research and Advancements

As our understanding of thyroid disorders continues to evolve, researchers are exploring new approaches to diagnosis and treatment. Future advancements may lead to more precise and personalized management strategies for individuals with alternating thyroid conditions.

Emerging areas of research

• Genetic factors: Investigating the role of genetic predisposition in alternating thyroid disorders.
• Immunomodulatory therapies: Exploring treatments that target the underlying autoimmune processes.
• Biomarkers: Identifying new biomarkers to predict and monitor thyroid function fluctuations.
• Personalized medicine: Developing tailored treatment approaches based on individual patient characteristics and antibody profiles.

As research progresses, it is hoped that more effective strategies for managing alternating thyroid disorders will emerge, improving the quality of life for affected individuals.

Living with Alternating Thyroid Disorders

Coping with fluctuating thyroid function can be challenging, but there are strategies that can help individuals manage their condition and maintain a good quality of life.

Tips for managing alternating thyroid disorders

• Adhere to medication schedules: Take prescribed medications as directed by your healthcare provider.
• Monitor symptoms: Keep a journal of symptoms to help identify patterns or changes in thyroid function.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and manage stress levels.
• Stay informed: Educate yourself about thyroid disorders and stay up-to-date on new developments in treatment.
• Build a support network: Connect with others who have similar experiences through support groups or online communities.
• Communicate with your healthcare team: Maintain open communication with your doctors and report any significant changes in symptoms or well-being.

The role of patient education

Patient education plays a crucial role in the management of alternating thyroid disorders. Understanding the condition, its potential fluctuations, and the importance of adherence to treatment can empower individuals to take an active role in their care. Healthcare providers should offer comprehensive education and resources to support patients in managing their thyroid health effectively.

Conclusion: Navigating the Complexities of Thyroid Health

While it is not possible to have hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism simultaneously, the rare occurrence of alternating thyroid disorders highlights the complexity of thyroid function and autoimmune processes. These cases present unique challenges in diagnosis and management, requiring a collaborative approach between patients and healthcare providers.

As research continues to advance our understanding of thyroid disorders, new insights and treatment strategies may emerge to better address the needs of individuals experiencing fluctuating thyroid function. In the meantime, careful monitoring, personalized treatment plans, and patient education remain key components in effectively managing these complex conditions.

By staying informed, maintaining open communication with healthcare providers, and adopting a proactive approach to thyroid health, individuals with alternating thyroid disorders can work towards achieving optimal well-being and quality of life. As we look to the future, ongoing research and advancements in thyroid care offer hope for improved outcomes and more targeted therapies for those affected by these challenging conditions.

Can you have hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?

While it is unlikely, a person may alternate between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. This depends on the balance of thyroid antibodies present in autoimmune thyroid disorders.

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the front of a person’s neck. It secretes hormones that help to control vital body functions.

Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid does not produce enough hormones, while hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces too much hormone.

The most common cause of these thyroid disorders is autoimmune diseases. In these diseases, a person’s own immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too many or too few hormones.

A person may experience fluctuating hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism due to an imbalance between thyroid antibodies in thyroid immune disorders.

This article explores whether hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can occur together. It also discusses the main differences between the two conditions.

A note about sex and gender

Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. Click here to learn more.

Was this helpful?

The most important distinction between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is the thyroid gland’s hormone output.

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland is underactive and does not make enough thyroid hormones for the body. Meanwhile, hyperthyroidism occurs in hyperactive thyroid glands that produce too many hormones.

Learn more about common thyroid disorders.

A lack of thyroid hormones causes certain bodily processes to slow down, while too many hormones speed them up. Below are some of the symptoms associated with each condition:

Learn more about the symptoms of hypothyroidism.

A person’s body cannot have hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism at the same time.

Each condition depends on the level of thyroid hormones in the body, and the thyroid gland cannot underproduce and overproduce thyroid hormones simultaneously.

However, it is possible for a person to transition or switch between the two conditions, as explained below.

While it is extremely rare, some people may experience oscillating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. This is due to the production of two thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR) antibodies:

• Thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb): This antibody can be responsible for an overactive thyroid gland when it activates TSHRs.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone blocking antibody (TBAb): This antibody can be responsible for hypothyroidism when it blocks thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) from binding to TSHRs.

Both TSHR antibodies may coexist in the body, and a person’s thyroid function depends on the balance between these two antibodies.

While rare, a shift from one to the other condition may occur spontaneously. Other times, specific treatments for one condition may lead to the development of the other.

Some treatments can alter the level of thyroid antibodies and the balance between the two, causing a person to swing from hyper- to hypothyroidism and vice versa. These include antithyroid treatment and thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

In 2018, researchers presented a case study of a person who had spontaneously oscillating thyroid function for 15 years. Several years after the initial diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, the person spontaneously switched to hypothyroidism, to which the doctor gave thyroid hormone replacement as treatment. After 8 years, the person’s hyperthyroidism returned.

Similarly, a 2019 case report presented a rare case of an individual spontaneously converting from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to Graves’ disease. The individual opted for treatment with antithyroid medication.

An 18-year-old male who had five cycles of alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism over 17 months had a total thyroidectomy due to difficulty managing the condition with antithyroid medications.

Another report from 2021 presented an adolescent who switched from hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism due to a combination of Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Treatments for this combination of conditions may include surgery and radioactive iodine. These could help a person avoid switches in thyroid function and the frequent need to change medications. However, doctors can only perform these treatments while a person is in the hyperthyroid phase.

Most cases of switching from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism occur several years after a person stops using antithyroid medications.

A 2022 study reports a rare case of a person initially diagnosed with hypothyroidism switching to Graves’ disease.

A similar case study reported a 61-year-old person transitioning to Graves’ disease after a doctor diagnosed hypothyroidism approximately 3 decades previously and prescribed levothyroxine replacement therapy.

The authors of the study suspected that an upper respiratory tract infection was the environmental trigger for the switch.

Some research indicates that it is common for people with Graves’ disease to convert to a hypothyroid state after radioactive iodine treatment or in end-stage Graves’ disease. These individuals may require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

People with alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may manage the conditions with their doctor’s guidance.

However, multiple case studies indicate that switching tends to recur, and surgery or radioactive iodine may be necessary for a person to manage this complex combination of conditions.

A person should speak with a doctor for further advice about managing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

It is not possible for a person to have both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism simultaneously.

However, a person with an autoimmune thyroid disorder may have an oscillating thyroid function. This is when a person experiences alternating periods of hyper- and hypothyroidism.

This may occur spontaneously or as a result of specific treatments, such as antithyroid medication or thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

People with alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism should speak with a healthcare professional for further guidance.

Can you have hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism?

While it is unlikely, a person may alternate between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. This depends on the balance of thyroid antibodies present in autoimmune thyroid disorders.

The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the front of a person’s neck. It secretes hormones that help to control vital body functions.

Hypothyroidism happens when the thyroid does not produce enough hormones, while hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid produces too much hormone.

The most common cause of these thyroid disorders is autoimmune diseases. In these diseases, a person’s own immune system attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to produce too many or too few hormones.

A person may experience fluctuating hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism due to an imbalance between thyroid antibodies in thyroid immune disorders.

This article explores whether hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can occur together. It also discusses the main differences between the two conditions.

A note about sex and gender

Sex and gender exist on spectrums. This article will use the terms “male,” “female,” or both to refer to sex assigned at birth. Click here to learn more.

Was this helpful?

The most important distinction between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is the thyroid gland’s hormone output.

Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland is underactive and does not make enough thyroid hormones for the body. Meanwhile, hyperthyroidism occurs in hyperactive thyroid glands that produce too many hormones.

Learn more about common thyroid disorders.

A lack of thyroid hormones causes certain bodily processes to slow down, while too many hormones speed them up. Below are some of the symptoms associated with each condition:

Learn more about the symptoms of hypothyroidism.

A person’s body cannot have hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism at the same time.

Each condition depends on the level of thyroid hormones in the body, and the thyroid gland cannot underproduce and overproduce thyroid hormones simultaneously.

However, it is possible for a person to transition or switch between the two conditions, as explained below.

While it is extremely rare, some people may experience oscillating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. This is due to the production of two thyroid hormone receptor (TSHR) antibodies:

• Thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb): This antibody can be responsible for an overactive thyroid gland when it activates TSHRs.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone blocking antibody (TBAb): This antibody can be responsible for hypothyroidism when it blocks thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) from binding to TSHRs.

Both TSHR antibodies may coexist in the body, and a person’s thyroid function depends on the balance between these two antibodies.

While rare, a shift from one to the other condition may occur spontaneously. Other times, specific treatments for one condition may lead to the development of the other.

Some treatments can alter the level of thyroid antibodies and the balance between the two, causing a person to swing from hyper- to hypothyroidism and vice versa. These include antithyroid treatment and thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

In 2018, researchers presented a case study of a person who had spontaneously oscillating thyroid function for 15 years. Several years after the initial diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, the person spontaneously switched to hypothyroidism, to which the doctor gave thyroid hormone replacement as treatment. After 8 years, the person’s hyperthyroidism returned.

Similarly, a 2019 case report presented a rare case of an individual spontaneously converting from Hashimoto’s thyroiditis to Graves’ disease. The individual opted for treatment with antithyroid medication.

An 18-year-old male who had five cycles of alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism over 17 months had a total thyroidectomy due to difficulty managing the condition with antithyroid medications.

Another report from 2021 presented an adolescent who switched from hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism due to a combination of Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

Treatments for this combination of conditions may include surgery and radioactive iodine. These could help a person avoid switches in thyroid function and the frequent need to change medications. However, doctors can only perform these treatments while a person is in the hyperthyroid phase.

Most cases of switching from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism occur several years after a person stops using antithyroid medications.

A 2022 study reports a rare case of a person initially diagnosed with hypothyroidism switching to Graves’ disease.

A similar case study reported a 61-year-old person transitioning to Graves’ disease after a doctor diagnosed hypothyroidism approximately 3 decades previously and prescribed levothyroxine replacement therapy.

The authors of the study suspected that an upper respiratory tract infection was the environmental trigger for the switch.

Some research indicates that it is common for people with Graves’ disease to convert to a hypothyroid state after radioactive iodine treatment or in end-stage Graves’ disease. These individuals may require lifelong thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

People with alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism may manage the conditions with their doctor’s guidance.

However, multiple case studies indicate that switching tends to recur, and surgery or radioactive iodine may be necessary for a person to manage this complex combination of conditions.

A person should speak with a doctor for further advice about managing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.

It is not possible for a person to have both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism simultaneously.

However, a person with an autoimmune thyroid disorder may have an oscillating thyroid function. This is when a person experiences alternating periods of hyper- and hypothyroidism.

This may occur spontaneously or as a result of specific treatments, such as antithyroid medication or thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

People with alternating hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism should speak with a healthcare professional for further guidance.

The difference between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism: what are the characteristics of

An organ resembling a butterfly – this is how the thyroid gland is often called, on the normal functioning of which the state of the whole organism depends. The thyroid gland itself is located on the neck, almost under the skin, and therefore any examination of it for the presence of pathologies does not cause difficulties.

All articles 12/19/2022

The most common thyroid diseases are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. At first glance, the names are similar, but still have the opposite meaning. So, hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis is a condition of the body in which the level of hormones greatly increases. Hypothyroidism, on the other hand, is characterized by a lack of thyroid hormones. Each of the diseases has a number of distinctive features.

hyperthyroidism is characterized by:

• sleep disturbance, heart rhythm;

• violation of the menstrual cycle, potency;

• anxiety, irritability;

• excessive activity and fatigue;

• hand tremor, sweating;

• bulging eyes, photophobia;

• weight loss, with increased appetite;

• high blood pressure;

• intolerance to high temperatures;

• thinning of the skin, hair and nails.

Hyperthyroidism is often called thyrotoxicosis, since the second name more accurately reflects the essence of the disease and is interpreted as “poisoning by thyroid hormones.” The disease has many causes, often occurring among them are diffuse toxic goiter and nodular diseases of the thyroid gland.

As a diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis, tests for hormones – TSH, T3 and T4 are prescribed. If the analyzes are critically deviated from the norm, the endocrinologist may additionally prescribe the passage of an ultrasound of the thyroid gland, CT, MRI and fine needle puncture. Based on the results of the diagnosis, treatment is selected, it can be both medical and surgical.

Hypothyroidism can be recognized by the following symptoms:

• pulse below 60 beats / min;

• hair loss, dryness and brittleness;

• “floating” state of chills;

• weight gain and loss of appetite;

• drowsiness, muscle weakness;

• swelling of the face and limbs;

• dry skin, sometimes “jaundice”;

• depressed, depressed mood;

• headaches, shortness of breath, hearing loss;

• violation of the menstrual cycle, potency.

Often, patients perceive hypothyroidism as depression, general overwork, or associate symptoms with other diseases, which is why it is able to hide its existence for a long time. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a slowdown in all processes in the body, which leads to disruption of the functioning of other organs.

At the same time, in 99% of cases, the cause of the pathology is the primary lesion of the thyroid gland, and only 1% remains the defeat of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus (secondary hypothyroidism), which are responsible for controlling the creation of thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is diagnosed in the same way as hyperthyroidism, but only thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used as a treatment.

Due to their specificity, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can confuse patients in symptoms and deprive the doctor of the opportunity to make a correct diagnosis on time, so it is recommended to keep a diary of self-observation and note any changes in well-being. In the future, these records will help both the patient and the specialist.

It is extremely important to pay attention to the state of the body in order to avoid complications and prevent diseases from progressing. To do this, it is necessary to promptly seek help from an endocrinologist and undergo an examination of the thyroid gland.

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Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism: differences, symptoms, treatment

Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) are two body conditions associated with a violation of the secretory activity of the thyroid gland (TG). The first pathology has a high prevalence: 3-4% of the country’s population suffers from it. Thyrotoxicosis is diagnosed in 0.02% of people. Most of the patients are elderly women. Over time, these diseases lead to a decrease in intellectual abilities, the development of thyroid cancer. They are especially dangerous for young children, as they cause a lag in mental and physical development. Therefore, these conditions are important to diagnose and treat in a timely manner.

What is hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

Improper functioning of the thyroid gland causes a slowdown or acceleration of hormone production. If they are synthesized in excess, then the pathology is called hyperthyroidism, or thyrotoxicosis. If they are produced too little – hypothyroidism.

Thyrotoxicosis develops against the background of toxic goiter of nodular or diffuse type, subacute thyroiditis. Less often, the disease becomes a consequence of a teratoma (dermoid cyst) of the ovary or a pituitary tumor, accompanied by an increase in the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). It can also be caused artificially against the background of an overdose of iodine preparations or thyroid drugs.

The main cause of hypothyroidism is autoimmune thyroiditis or human infection with the herpes virus type 4. The disease also develops in pathologies that lead to a decrease in the mass of the glandular organ or a slowdown in secretory activity. These include deficiency of iodine, selenium, agenesis or aplasia of the thyroid gland. Less often, pathology is a consequence of a violation of the synthesis of TSH by the pituitary gland.

General symptoms

• Dyspepsia – nausea, vomiting, bloating, constipation or diarrhea.
• Deterioration of sleep – frequent awakening or insomnia.
• Increased fatigue and decreased performance.
• Menstrual irregularities in women.

Miscellaneous symptoms

Usually the symptoms are opposite to each other. This is due to the fact that the excess and deficiency of hormones in the body are conditions that deviate from the norm in opposite directions. But signs appear on the same systems, tissues:

• Skin, legs, hair. With thyroid insufficiency, they dry out, the hair thins. With redundancy, they become thinner, lose elasticity, hair becomes brittle, gray hair appears.
• Appetite and body weight. With hypofunction of the thyroid gland, appetite decreases, but body weight increases. With hyperfunction of the organ, appetite increases, but weight decreases.
• Heart rate and blood pressure. When the functions of the gland are suppressed, the heart rate slows down to 60 beats per minute or less, blood pressure is below normal. With excessive activity – heart rate accelerates to 90 beats per minute or more, blood pressure above normal.
• Psycho-emotional state. With a hormonal deficiency, depression develops, with an excess – irritability, a sense of fear, anxiety.

Patients with hypothyroidism complain of hearing loss, swelling, hoarseness. They have a slowdown in reactions, speech and thinking. With excessive activity of the glandular tissue, hand trembling and photophobia develop. The eyes become bulging, the gland increases. The patient develops thirst and a frequent desire to urinate.

What should be the treatment

Treatment of these conditions is prescribed by the doctor after examination and diagnosis. It consists in correcting the level of TG in the body. You can correct the hormonal background by direct and indirect methods.

How hypothyroidism is treated

Since the pathology is associated with insufficient production of TG, the easiest way to increase their levels in the body to normal is to prescribe replacement therapy. It consists in taking artificial thyroxine. The doctor selects a thyroid drug and determines its daily dose individually for each patient. Dose adjustment occurs once a year, taking into account the results of a blood test for the concentration of TSH.

If hormonal deficiency is associated with an unbalanced diet, the patient is advised to follow a diet.