What is a candida albicans rash? How does it look like? What are the symptoms? How is it treated? Find the answers to these questions and more in this comprehensive article.

Understanding Candida Albicans Rash

Candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection, is an infection caused by the fungus Candida albicans. This type of infection can occur in various parts of the body, including the skin, mouth, and vagina. Candida albicans rashes typically appear in moist areas of the body, such as the armpits, groin, and between the toes.

Candida Albicans Rash Symptoms

A candida albicans rash can cause a variety of symptoms, including:

• Bright red rash, sometimes with small pustules
• Intense itching or burning sensation
• Scaly, peeling skin
• White or yellow discharge (in the case of vaginal candidiasis)
• Redness and irritation in the affected area

What Does a Candida Albicans Rash Look Like?

A candida albicans rash can have a distinctive appearance. It often appears as a bright red, moist rash with small pustules, especially at the edges of the affected area. The rash may also have a scaly or peeling appearance, and the surrounding skin may be irritated and inflamed.

Causes of Candida Albicans Rash

There are several factors that can contribute to the development of a candida albicans rash, including:

1. Hot, humid weather
2. Tight, synthetic underclothing
3. Poor hygiene
4. Infrequent diaper or undergarment changes (especially in children and older adults)
5. Weakened immune system (due to conditions like diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or medication use)
6. Pregnancy, obesity, or antibiotic use
7. Other skin disorders, such as intertrigo or psoriasis

Diagnosing a Candida Albicans Rash

To diagnose a candida albicans rash, healthcare providers may examine the affected area and take a skin sample for microscopic examination or a culture. This helps confirm the presence of the Candida fungus and rule out other skin conditions.

Treating a Candida Albicans Rash

Treatment for a candida albicans rash typically involves the use of antifungal creams or oral antifungal medications. In some cases, the underlying cause of the rash, such as a weakened immune system or other skin condition, may also need to be addressed.

Preventing Candida Albicans Rash

To help prevent a candida albicans rash, it is important to maintain good hygiene, wear loose, breathable clothing, and avoid excessive moisture in the affected areas. Additionally, addressing any underlying health conditions that may contribute to the development of the rash can be helpful.

What is the difference between a candida albicans rash and other skin rashes?

The main difference between a candida albicans rash and other skin rashes is the distinctive appearance of the candida rash, which is often bright red, moist, and has small pustules. Additionally, candida rashes typically occur in moist, warm areas of the body, while other skin rashes may have different distribution patterns and characteristics.

How long does it take for a candida albicans rash to go away?

The duration of a candida albicans rash can vary, but with proper treatment, it typically goes away within 2-4 weeks. Factors such as the severity of the infection, the underlying cause, and adherence to treatment can all affect the healing timeline.

Can a candida albicans rash spread to other parts of the body?

Yes, a candida albicans rash can potentially spread to other moist, warm areas of the body if not properly treated. It is important to maintain good hygiene and avoid spreading the infection by not touching the affected area and then touching other parts of the body.

What happens if a candida albicans rash is left untreated?

If a candida albicans rash is left untreated, the infection can worsen and potentially spread to other areas of the body. In severe cases, the infection can even invade the bloodstream, leading to a life-threatening condition called systemic candidiasis. Therefore, it is important to seek medical treatment for a candida albicans rash as soon as possible.

Can a candida albicans rash be prevented?

Yes, there are several steps that can be taken to help prevent a candida albicans rash, such as maintaining good hygiene, wearing loose, breathable clothing, and addressing any underlying health conditions that may increase the risk of developing a yeast infection.

What is the most effective treatment for a candida albicans rash?

The most effective treatment for a candida albicans rash typically involves the use of antifungal creams or oral antifungal medications. The specific treatment plan will depend on the severity of the infection and any underlying health conditions.

Candidiasis (Yeast Infection) – Skin Disorders

By

Denise M. Aaron

, MD, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine

Reviewed/Revised Sep 2021 | Modified Sep 2022

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Topic Resources

Candidiasis is infection with the yeast Candida.

• Candidiasis tends to occur in moist areas of the skin.

• Candidiasis may cause rashes, scaling, itching, and swelling.

• Doctors examine the affected areas and view skin samples under a microscope or in a culture.

• Antifungal creams or antifungal drugs given by mouth usually cure candidiasis.

(See also Overview of Fungal Skin Infections Overview of Fungal Skin Infections Fungi usually make their homes in moist areas of the body where skin surfaces meet: between the toes, in the genital area, and under the breasts. Common fungal skin infections are caused by… read more .)

Candida is a yeast that normally resides on the skin and in the mouth, digestive tract, and vagina and usually causes no harm. Under certain conditions, however, Candida can overgrow on mucous membranes and moist areas of the skin. Typical areas affected are the lining of the mouth, the groin, the armpits, the spaces between fingers and toes, on an uncircumcised penis, the skinfold under the breasts, the nails, and the skinfolds of the stomach. Yeast is a type of fungus.

Conditions that enable Candida to infect the skin include the following:

• Hot, humid weather

• Tight, synthetic underclothing

• Poor hygiene

• Infrequent diaper or undergarment changes, particularly in children and older people

• A weakened immune system resulting from diabetes, HIV infection/AIDS, or use of corticosteroids and other drugs that suppress the immune system

• Pregnancy, obesity, or use of antibiotics

• Other skin disorders such as intertrigo Intertrigo Intertrigo is irritation and breakdown of skin (maceration) in areas where two skin surfaces rub together. Sometimes bacterial or yeast infections develop. The diagnosis is based on the location… read more and psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is a chronic, recurring disease that causes one or more raised, red patches that have silvery scales and a distinct border between the patch and normal skin. A problem with the immune… read more

People taking antibiotics may develop candidiasis because the antibiotics kill the bacteria that normally reside on the body, allowing Candida to grow unchecked. Corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapy after organ transplantation can also lower the body’s defenses against candidiasis. Inhaled corticosteroids, often used by people with asthma, sometimes cause candidiasis of the mouth. Pregnant women, people receiving cancer therapy drugs, obese people, and people with diabetes also are more likely to be infected by Candida.

In some people (usually people with a weakened immune system), Candida may invade deeper tissues as well as the blood, causing life-threatening systemic candidiasis Candidiasis Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by several species of the yeast Candida, especially Candida albicans. The most common type of candidiasis is a superficial infection of… read more .

Symptoms of candidiasis vary, depending on the location of the infection.

Infections in skinfolds (intertriginous infections) or in the navel usually cause a bright red rash, sometimes with breakdown of skin. Small pustules may appear, especially at the edges of the rash, and the rash may itch intensely or burn. A candidal rash around the anus may be raw, white or red, and itchy. Infants may develop a candidal diaper rash Diaper rash (diaper dermatitis) A rash is an abnormal change in the texture or color of the skin. Known causes of rashes include irritation, allergies, drugs, and bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. Rashes include redness… read more in the diaper area.

Vaginal candidiasis (vulvovaginitis, yeast infection— see Overview of Vaginitis (Vaginal Infection or Inflammation) Overview of Vaginitis (Vaginal Infection or Inflammation) Vaginal infections are one of the most common reasons women see their doctor, accounting for millions of visits each year. Vaginal infections are caused by infectious organisms (such as bacteria… read more ) is common, especially among women who are pregnant, have diabetes, or are taking antibiotics. Symptoms of these infections include a white or yellow cheeselike discharge from the vagina and burning, itching, and redness along the walls and external area of the vagina.

Penile candidiasis most often affects men with diabetes, uncircumcised men, or men whose female sex partners have vaginal candidiasis. Sometimes the rash may not cause any symptoms, but usually the infection causes a red, raw, itching, burning, or sometimes painful rash on the head of the penis.

Thrush is candidiasis inside the mouth Candidiasis Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by several species of the yeast Candida, especially Candida albicans. The most common type of candidiasis is a superficial infection of… read more . The creamy white patches typical of thrush cling to the tongue and sides of the mouth and may be painful. The patches can be scraped off with a finger or blunt object and may bleed when scraped. Thrush in otherwise healthy children is not unusual, but in adults it may signal a weakened immune system, possibly caused by cancer, diabetes, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The use of antibiotics that kill off competing bacteria increases the risk of developing thrush.

Perlèche is candidiasis at the corners of the mouth, which causes cracks and tiny fissures. It may stem from chronic lip licking, thumb sucking, ill-fitting dentures, or other conditions that make the corners of the mouth moist enough that yeast can grow.

Candidal paronychia Chronic Paronychia Chronic paronychia is recurring or persistent inflammation of the nail fold, typically of the fingernails. (See also Acute Paronychia.) Chronic paronychia occurs almost always in people whose… read more is candidiasis in the nail folds or cuticles, which causes painful redness and swelling ( see Onychomycosis Onychomycosis Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails. (See also Overview of Nail Disorders.) About 10% of people have onychomycosis, which most often affects the toenails rather than the fingernails… read more ) around the nail. In longstanding infection, the area underneath the nail may turn white or yellow, and the nail plate may separate from the nail bed (onycholysis Onycholysis The terms deformities and dystrophies are often used interchangeably, sometimes even by doctors. However, their meanings are slightly different. Deformities: Changes in nail shape… read more ). This disorder typically occurs in people with diabetes or a weakened immune system or in otherwise healthy people whose hands are subjected to frequent wetting or washing.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, a hereditary immunodeficiency disorder, is persistent or recurring infection with Candida (a fungus) due to malfunction of T cells (a type of white. .. read more causes red, pus-filled, crusted, and thickened areas that resemble psoriasis Psoriasis Psoriasis is a chronic, recurring disease that causes one or more raised, red patches that have silvery scales and a distinct border between the patch and normal skin. A problem with the immune… read more , especially on the nose and forehead. People who have this condition are also prone to thrush.

Usually, doctors can identify candidiasis by observing its distinctive rash or the thick, white, pasty residue it generates.

To confirm the diagnosis of candidiasis, doctors may scrape off some of the skin or residue with a scalpel or tongue depressor. The scraping Scrapings Doctors can identify many skin disorders simply by looking at the skin. A full skin examination includes examination of the scalp, nails, and mucous membranes. Sometimes the doctor uses a hand-held… read more sample is then examined under a microscope or placed in a culture medium Culture Doctors can identify many skin disorders simply by looking at the skin. A full skin examination includes examination of the scalp, nails, and mucous membranes. Sometimes the doctor uses a hand-held… read more (a substance that allows microorganisms to grow) to identify the specific fungus.

Treatment of candidiasis typically depends on the location of the infection. (See also table Some Antifungal Drugs Applied to the Skin (Topical Drugs) Some Antifungal Drugs Applied to the Skin (Topical Drugs) .)

Infections in skinfolds are treated with antifungal creams, powders, solutions, or other products that are applied directly to the skin (topical). Examples include miconazole, clotrimazole, oxiconazole, ketoconazole, econazole, ciclopirox, and nystatin. In healthy people, skinfold infections are usually easily cured. Keeping the skin dry helps clear up the infection and prevents it from returning. Solutions that dry out the skin (such as Burow solution) or topical antiperspirants help keep the surface area dry. Keeping the area dry may also help prevent a recurrence. People who have many infected skinfolds may be given drugs by mouth (such as fluconazole).

Vaginal candidiasis is treated with antifungal drugs that may be applied as a cream to the affected area, inserted into the vagina as a suppository, or taken by mouth (such as fluconazole).

Diaper rash is treated with more frequent changes of diapers, use of super-absorbent or ultra-absorbent disposable diapers, and a cream that contains an antifungal drug (for example, butoconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, or miconazole).

Candidal paronychia is treated by protecting the area from wetness. Doctors give antifungal drugs that are taken by mouth or applied to the skin. These infections are often difficult to treat.

Thrush in adults is treated with drugs that go directly in the mouth. An antifungal drug (such as clotrimazole) may be given as a tablet or lozenge that dissolves in the mouth. Doctors may also have people gargle with liquid nystatin for as long as possible and then spit it out or swallow it. Doctors may also give drugs in pill form that are swallowed (such as fluconazole).

Thrush in infants may be treated with liquid nystatin. The liquid can be applied with a finger or cotton swab to the cheek pouches inside the mouth.

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is treated with fluconazole taken by mouth. This drug is taken for a long time.

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What does a yeast infection look like? Examples and treatments

The appearance of a yeast infection, or candidiasis, depends on its location. It can cause white patches in the mouth, flaking or crusting of the skin, and changes in genital discharge, which may look like cottage cheese.

In this article, we describe how a yeast infection visibly affects the body. We also look at other symptoms, treatments, and more.

A yeast infection occurs when fungi grow excessively in the body. This is particularly common in moist areas with less exposure, such as the mouth, vagina, or feet.

Often, yeast infections are caused by fungi from the Candida species — and according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Candida albicans is the type most likely to overgrow and cause an infection.

A vaginal yeast infection, or thrush, typically causes white discharge that is the texture of cottage cheese.

Other symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection include:

• painful urination
• soreness around the vagina
• inflammation and itchiness of the vagina and vulva
• pain during sex

These infections are common, with up to 75% of females having at least one diagnosed in their lifetimes.

Yeast infections can affect the penis, but this is less common. The symptoms tend to develop on the underside of the penis and include:

• scaling
• inflamed patches of skin
• a painful rash

A yeast infection can also cause inflammation near the head of the penis. This issue is called balanitis.

A person with balanitis may experience burning or itching and yellow or white discharge. In some people, the inflammation spreads to the shaft and the area under the foreskin.

Yeast infections are not considered sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, it is possible for a person to develop a yeast infection after having oral, anal, or vaginal sex with someone who has the condition, especially if they are especially susceptible.

Around 15% of males who have unprotected sex with females experiencing yeast infections develop the infection themselves.

Oral thrush occurs when yeast grows excessively in the mouth or throat. Typically, a person develops white patches on the tongue, cheeks, back of the throat, or roof of the mouth.

Other symptoms of oral thrush include:

• soreness
• pain while eating or drinking
• a cotton-like feeling in the mouth
• cracked skin at the corners of the mouth
• a loss of taste

Most healthy adults do not develop oral thrush, but yeast infections in the mouth or esophagus are common in people with weakened immune systems.

Wearing dentures, smoking, and having dry mouth also elevate the risk of developing oral thrush.

The appearance of a yeast infection on the skin depends on the location, but this type of infection often causes patches of inflammation. These can vary in shape and size.

Sometimes, these patches itch, flake, or develop crusts, and pustules may appear around the edges.

A yeast infection can occur anywhere on the skin, but is most likely to develop in folds, such as:

• under the breasts
• under the arms
• in the groin
• under or in the buttocks
• in the navel
• on the scalp
• between the fingers and toes

If a yeast infection occurs on the scalp, it can cause crusty lesions that can lead to hair loss. Yeast infections can also cause diaper rash in babies.

Yeast infections can develop beneath the nails. An infected nail may turn white or yellow and start to separate from the nail bed.

When a yeast infection occurs under the nails, a person may experience:

• painful swelling
• pus
• nail loss

In small amounts, Candida fungi are not harmful. Many people have yeast on their skin and in their body. Other types of microbe, such as bacteria, help keep Candida from growing excessively.

However, certain factors can disrupt the body’s ability to keep Candida under control, such as:

• Antibiotics: Because antibiotics kill bacteria, the result may be that Candida fungi grow unchecked.
• Hormonal contraceptives: People who take hormonal birth control that contains estrogen are more likely to develop yeast infections.
• Pregnancy: Similarly, the hormonal changes during pregnancy increase the chances of developing yeast infections.
• A weak immune system: Young babies and people with immune disorders or conditions such as HIV may be more susceptible to yeast infections.
• Medications: Some medications and treatments, including steroids, immunosuppressants, and chemotherapy also weaken the immune system.
• Diabetes: Sugar helps yeast grow, so if a person frequently has high blood sugar levels, they are more likely to develop candidiasis.

Vaginal douches and sprays may also increase the risk of developing a vaginal yeast infection.

The treatment for a yeast infection varies, depending on the infection’s location and severity.

For mild, occasional infections, a person can try over-the-counter options, such as topical creams, nail treatments, or vaginal suppositories.

However, it is important to speak with a pharmacist or doctor first, because the symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection are similar to those of bacterial vaginosis and some STIs.

These issues do not respond to yeast infection treatments. They require different approaches and can cause serious health complications if a person does not receive the necessary care.

Also, frequently using antifungal medicine unnecessarily may reduce how effective it is in the future.

For more severe or reoccurring infections, a person may need prescription antifungal medication.

Pregnant women should not take the antifungal medicine fluconazole (Diflucan), as it may cause birth defects, the Office on Women’s Health report.

Some home care strategies may help reduce yeast infection symptoms or prevent the issue from coming back.

Probiotic yogurt may help reduce the amount of yeast in the body. A 2013 pilot study involving 24 women showed that eating 8 ounces of probiotic yogurt per day reduced the presence of Candida in some cases.

However, this was a small study with mixed results. Also, the women had HIV, so their health responses may not reflect those of the general population.

Addressing the cause of the infection is important, especially if the infection keeps coming back. A person may benefit from:

• using a condom during sex
• avoiding the overuse of antibiotics
• switching to a different method of birth control
• better managing underlying conditions, such as diabetes

A person should talk to a doctor if they notice symptoms of a yeast infection.

It is important to receive the right treatment for any infection, and correctly identifying the type of infection is the first step.

Yeast infections often cause changes to genital discharge and patches to form in the mouth or in skin folds.

A doctor can confirm the infection and recommend the best treatment, depending on the severity and the part of the body involved.

Skin candidiasis – daily symptoms in children and adults, diagnosis and treatment

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Candidiasis of the skin: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment.

Definition

Skin candidiasis is an infectious skin disease caused by microscopic fungi of the genus Candida (most often Candida albicans ).

Causes of skin candidiasis

Candida albicans is believed to be the cause of almost 70-80% of cases of candidiasis. In addition to it, C. glabrata , C. tropicalis , C. krusei , and C. Dubliniensis , can cause skin candidiasis, but incomparably less often.

The fungus Candida is normally present on the skin and mucous membranes without causing harm. However, with a prolonged increase in humidity, thermal exposure and violation of the protective mechanisms of the skin, the pathogen begins to multiply rapidly.

There are risk factors that contribute to the manifestation of skin candidiasis:

• hot weather,
• tight clothing made of synthetic fabrics,
• non-compliance with personal hygiene,
• violation of microflora as a result of antibiotic therapy,
• inflammatory processes in skin folds,
• taking corticosteroids and immunosuppressants,
• diabetes mellitus and other endocrine disorders (eg, Cushing’s disease), HIV/AIDS, or T cell defects.

Classification

• Candidal lesions of the lips and mouth.
• Smooth skin lesion.
• Damage to large folds.
• Interdigital candidiasis.
• Candidal lesions of the palms and soles.
• Candidal balanoposthitis.
• Chronic generalized candidiasis (candidiasis granuloma).

There are several forms of candidiasis:

• Carriage. There are no clinical manifestations of candidiasis.
• Sharp. Accompanied by itching, rashes.
• Chronic. Characterized by the remission of symptoms and their re-manifestation. It develops in case of improper and prolonged treatment with antibiotics.

Symptoms of skin candidiasis

The disease is manifested by small vesicles, sometimes with purulent contents, which open with the formation of erosions. Erosions quickly increase, merge with each other, forming extensive areas of damage. Foci of candidiasis have a dark red color and a moist surface. Fresh small erosions form around large foci. In children, the first signs of candidiasis usually appear in the folds of the skin, from where they already spread to the skin of the thighs, buttocks, and abdomen. There may be painful cracks in the depth of the folds.

Candidiasis of smooth skin in children may resemble seborrheic dermatitis with itchy nodules and erosions. In adults, the disease can manifest as red spots with peeling in the center and small vesicles along the periphery.

Interdigital candidal erosion is observed mainly in persons who have prolonged contact with water, which contributes to skin maceration (waterlogging of the skin with its characteristic swelling). Patients are concerned about itching, burning, and in the presence of cracks – soreness.

In lactating women, candidiasis of the smooth skin of the nipples may develop in the form of hyperemia, maceration and small bubbles in the areola of the nipple.

Candidiasis of the palms can proceed according to the type of dry lamellar dyshidrosis (surface lamellar peeling) and have a vesicular-pustular form (vesicles and pustules against the background of hyperemic and edematous skin). Less commonly, the disease resembles hyperkeratotic eczema – against the background of diffuse hyperkeratosis or individual areas of keratinized skin, sharply demarcated wide skin furrows are observed that have a dirty brown color.

Candidiasis of the skin of the soles is observed mainly in children and is characterized by the presence of small vesicles and pustules, hyperemic spots with peeling and exfoliating waterlogged epidermis along the edges.

In chronic generalized (granulomatous) candidiasis, clinical manifestations on the skin can be varied.

Candida balanoposthitis (an inflammatory disease that affects the glans penis and the inner layer of the foreskin) can be mild with slight lamellar peeling or be more pronounced when there is hyperemia, maceration, erosion on the skin of the glans penis and the inner layer of the preputial sac, and also in the coronal sulcus on the contact surfaces. Erosions can merge and form foci with clear boundaries and a shiny surface. Subjectively, patients are concerned about itching and burning. The disease can be complicated by ulceration and the development of phimosis.

Diagnosis of skin candidiasis

On examination, the doctor reveals inflamed areas of the skin, delimited by waterlogged epidermis.

The diagnostic search algorithm for candidiasis of any localization includes taking material from the affected area, followed by microscopy, seeding to determine the type of fungus and its sensitivity to antimycotic (antifungal) drugs.

Candida, determination of DNA (Candida albicans, DNA) in skin epithelial cell scrapings.

Candida, determination of DNA (Candida albicans, DNA) in scraping of epithelial skin cells

Synonyms: Candida DNA in a scraping of epithelial skin cells; Scraping of epithelial skin cells for candida.

Candida albicans, DNA testing; Candida albicans REAL-TIME PCR DNA, scraping of skin epithelial cells; . ..

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Determination of antibodies of the IgG class to Candida.

Candida IgG

An indicator of the immune response used in the diagnosis of invasive forms of candidiasis.

Fungi of the genus Candida (most often Candida albicans) are ubiquitous. They are present…

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The quantitative determination of Candida is of diagnostic value, since the presence of a small number of Candida fungi is the norm.

Identification of the causative agent of skin candidiasis and determination of its sensitivity to antifungal drugs is carried out by sowing the scraping biomaterial.

Yeast Culture. Identification and Antimycotic Susceptibility testing (Yeast Culture. Identification and Antimycotic Susceptibility testing)

Isolated pathogens: yeast-like fungi (genus Candida, Cryptococcus and others). Material for examination: depending on the type of suspected infection, urine is examined…

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With candidiasis of smooth skin of large folds and outside the folds, the disease should be differentiated from seborrheic eczema, psoriasis and other mycoses.

Which doctors to contact

A dermatologist is engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of skin candidiasis.

Treatment of skin candidiasis

Small lesions of smooth skin can be treated with topical antimycotic (antifungal) agents.

In recent years, azole preparations with a wide spectrum of action, as well as polyene antibiotics, have been used in the treatment of candidiasis.

In case of candidiasis of smooth skin of large folds with acute inflammation, treatment should be started with the use of an aqueous solution of brilliant green (1-2%) in combination with powder and carried out for 2-3 days. Then antimycotic drugs are prescribed: a cream or ointment is applied in a thin layer to the lesions 1-2 times a day. Treatment is continued until resolution of clinical manifestations, plus another 7 days to prevent relapse.

With widespread processes on the skin and the ineffectiveness of local therapy, antifungal agents of systemic action are prescribed: The duration of therapy is 2-4 weeks.

Complications

With a long course, the acute form of candidiasis can turn into a chronic one, which is extremely difficult to treat.

Prevention of skin candidiasis

There is no specific prevention of candidiasis of the skin. Of the generally accepted means of prevention, it should be noted the standard skin hygiene, the priority of underwear and clothing made from natural fabrics.

Sources:

1. Butov Yu.S. Dermatovenereology. National leadership. Brief edition / ed. Yu.S. Butova, Yu.K. Skripkina, O.L. Ivanova – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2017. – 896 p.
2. Infectious diseases. National leadership / N.D. Yushchuk, Yu.Ya. Vengerov. – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. – 1112 p.
3. Zachinyaeva A.V. Medical mycology / Zachinyaeva A.V., Moskalev A.V., Andreev V.A., Sboychakov V.B. – M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2018. – 288 p.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes.

Vaginal candidiasis – treatment of vaginal candidiasis in women in the Azbuka Zdorovya clinic

What is vaginal candidiasis

Vaginal or vaginal candidiasis is an inflammatory disease when the mucous membrane of the woman’s vagina becomes inflamed. As a rule, this disease is caused due to the presence of Candida yeast-like fungi (lat. “Candida albicans”). By itself, the type of fungus is harmless.

People call the disease thrush. It is an extremely common disease that affects women all over the world. The fungus of the genus Candida will get on the skin of a person and on his mucous membranes even at the time of birth, during the passage of the child through the birth canal. Consequently, this fungus remains our companion throughout life. At low concentrations, the fungus does not cause any harm. However, Candida manifests its pathogenicity only with a decrease in immunity.

Symptoms of vaginal candidiasis

Typically, women with candidiasis complain of a cheesy, white, sometimes sticky vaginal discharge. The most common symptom is itching (colpitis), which increases during long walking and running, during the menstrual cycle. There are also unpleasant pain sensations during intercourse and urination. More than 30% of patients have redness of the external genitalia. Despite the fact that thrush is most often transmitted sexually, the World Health Organization does not name this cause of the disease as the main one.

The disease occurs over a long period of time. It can be accompanied by exacerbations and latent asymptomatic conditions. Our clinic provides fast and effective medical care. Qualified doctors prescribe the most optimal course of treatment for patients and patients.

Forms of vaginal candidiasis

A mild form of the disease does not cause significant harm to the functioning of the genital organs. At the same time, candidiasis lowers the level of self-esteem, presents a lot of discomfort and interferes with a normal sexual life.

The first form of the disease is called true. Pathology manifests itself not only in burning and itching in the vulva, but also in vaginal hyperemia, discomfort and pain after urination or intercourse. The true form of vaginal candidiasis is accompanied by discharge without a characteristic odor.

There is such a form of the disease as candidiasis. It is not so painful and in more than 50% of cases proceeds without any symptoms. The patient can observe rare periods of exacerbation, flowing into a prolonged remission.

Finally, there is also a mixed or combined form of infection. In this case, vaginal candidiasis is combined with a bacterial infection. The aggressive impact of non-sporogenic polymicrobial organisms lowers the acid-base balance of the vaginal environment. The discharge becomes foamy and has an unpleasant specific odor, reminiscent of the smell of rotten seafood. The combined form of the disease can cause inflammatory complications, especially dangerous during pregnancy.

Causes of vaginal candidiasis

There are several “favorable” conditions for the appearance of thrush in a woman. As a rule, vaginal candidiasis occurs:

• due to a sharp decrease in immunity;
• after taking a course of antibiotics;
• with an improper diet and untimely nutrition, the predominance of fast carbohydrates (sweet, starchy foods) and the absence of vitamins in the diet;
• during an artificial hormonal imbalance due to the use of hormonal drugs and oral contraceptives;
• for ovarian and thyroid dysfunction;
• during pregnancy;
• for iron deficiency.

Also, the appearance of vaginal candidiasis in women and candidal balanoposthitis in men can have domestic origins. So, wearing tight and tight shorts made of synthetic fabric creates favorable conditions for the growth of the number of fungi. Such underwear does not allow heat and moisture to pass through, does not meet hygiene requirements, and therefore can easily create a breeding ground for new fungi.

The use of tampons in hot and humid weather can also trigger the onset of illness. In addition, the constant use of deodorants in the genital area and bath salts can be a factor that pushes candida to multiply.

Candidiasis in men and children

The disease occurs not only among women, but also among the stronger sex, although much less frequently. Candidiasis in men has obvious, but still not such sharp signs of the disease, which can occur in women. The male half of the population may have itching and some soreness of the external genitalia, a whitish coating on the glans penis. The male disease is called candidal balanoposthitis or urogenital candidiasis. A harmless fungus is found on the skin of the genital organs in about 15 – 17% of men, while the reproduction of the fungus begins as a result of sexual intercourse with a female carrier of the disease. Doctors have proven that men with diabetes, obesity and low immunity are most susceptible to candidiasis.

Sometimes candidiasis occurs even in newborns, however, in most cases it spreads in the mouth and not on the genitals (candidiasis stomatitis).

Complications and consequences of vaginal candidiasis

Thrush can cause psychological problems of a sexual nature due to a lack of understanding of the partner and / or his unwillingness to participate in treatment. Negligence in the treatment of the disease can lead to prolonged depression and many years of expensive treatment.

Vaginal candidiasis is dangerous due to damage to the skin areas in the genital area, an increased risk of severe infections during the period when the body is weakened. Quite often, a neglected form of thrush passes into the stage of a chronic disease, and then this form of the disease involves internal organs in the pathological process. Candida invades deeper into the submucosal layer. First of all, the fungus damages nearby organs: the patient’s bladder and intestines. Damage to the genitourinary organs and depression of the condition by other associated infections can develop into kidney disease.

If nearby organs have been operated on, there is a risk of complications after surgery. With untimely treatment, pregnant women infect their fetus with thrush, which can result in abscesses in the mouth of the newborn. In addition, it is quite problematic to conceive a child during an illness. Changes in the acid-base environment of the vagina do not allow sperm to survive: they simply do not have time to fertilize the egg.

Diagnosis of vaginal candidiasis

Vaginal candidiasis is easily diagnosed. At the same time, the presence and properties of Candida fungi do not represent a diagnostic value, only their number is important. It is quickly and well detected in ordinary smears, which are taken from a woman’s vagina for laboratory research by a gynecologist. The most common are bacteriological and microscopic studies of Candida albicans plaque using modern equipment. If the diagnosis is confirmed, the patient must pass a urine and blood test for sugar levels. Candidiasis can be a sign that you have diabetes, so a comprehensive examination is recommended. It may be necessary to donate blood for HIV and smears for urogenital infections, as well as to carry out PCR diagnostics.

If you are experiencing symptoms of thrush for the first time, a full diagnosis is required as soon as possible. Also, if you have more than 3 episodes of illness in 1 year and 2 episodes in 3 months, this should be a serious cause for concern. Contact our clinic if the symptoms do not disappear – we will definitely help you. A competent doctor will prescribe the drug in an individual dosage that is optimal for your body. An effective dosage will not harm other organs and does not stimulate the development of side effects, while at the same time, it is guaranteed to help you defeat the disease. We accept patients of any age, as the disease can progress even in children under 12 and in women over 60.

At the Azbuka Zdorovya family medicine clinic, a gynecologist will be able to diagnose other diseases based on test results. So, our specialists carry out effective treatment of gonorrhea and other infectious venereal diseases in women and men.

Methods of treatment and prevention of vaginal candidiasis

Today, in order to treat women from vaginal candidiasis, our clinic uses low-toxic and fairly effective drugs. For local treatment, qualified doctors of our clinic use special suppositories and creams that contain antifungal components. All drugs offered by our doctors are highly effective, they are evenly and quickly distributed over the walls of the vagina. However, the most effective treatment will be to take the medicines by mouth and into the vagina at the same time. In addition to increased efficiency, this method of treatment minimizes the possibility of relapse.

In some cases, treatment is supplemented with immuno- and physiotherapy, preparations of competing microorganisms (colibacterin, lactobacterin, lactic acid bacteria). From a scientific point of view, the effectiveness of these drugs has not been fully studied, but in practice their use has a point positive effect.

In addition to direct treatment, the disease needs timely prevention – elimination of the causes of vaginal candidiasis:

• normalize the microflora of your genital organs, using drugs containing live cultures of lactobacilli;
• normalize the acidity of the vagina, giving up junk food, unfiltered water, and less nervous;
• take care of intestinal health and cure dysbacteriosis;
• stimulate the immune system with vitamins and wellness treatments, as well as sports or gymnastics in clothes specially designed for this;
• Normalize your metabolism with a properly constructed diet;
• Minimize antibiotic use if possible, in consultation with your healthcare professional.

Do not forget to drink vitamin complexes prescribed by your doctor to increase the overall level of immunity. Due to the fact that thrush can affect the intestines, B vitamins in the form of tablets or injections are required. Avoid using synthetic underwear and replace it with natural fabrics such as cotton.

With regard to recurrent vaginal candidiasis occurring more than 4 times a year, the following can be indicated here. It is necessary to undergo an examination for endocrine diseases, as well as other chronic diseases, as early as possible. It is important to examine the organs adjacent to the urethra, primarily the intestines and bladder. Most likely, the doctor will prescribe crops (bacteriological studies), the purpose of which is to determine the body’s response to certain antifungal drugs. Treatment of the chronic form is usually carried out with several drugs for a longer time than the treatment of the primary disease. Candles or vaginal tablets should be taken according to an individual regimen, usually for several months. In some cases, periodic observations are necessary with a gynecologist, as well as a doctor who controls the process of treating the organ that is the focus of infection.

Recurrence of thrush can also be caused by chronic intoxication with alcohol or drugs. Patients taking phenylbutazone, tranquilizers, metronidazole fall into the zone of increased risk. The cause of relapses may be untreated tuberculosis, colitis, anacid gastritis, pneumonia and other diseases.

The effectiveness of the completed course of treatment is usually determined by bacteriological examination. The waiting time for the result is on average 1-2 days.

Drugs to treat vaginal candidiasis

Because the disease is contagious, drugs are prescribed that are treated in a similar way to other vaginal infections. After the diagnosis is established, the doctor usually prescribes antifungal drugs. Do not try to self-medicate, it is better to sign up for a consultation with a gynecologist in Moscow.

Mild thrush is treated topically. Currently, it is customary to allocate drugs of the old and new generation. The vast majority of doctors recommend the use of modern complexes consisting of a combination of tablets and vaginal suppositories, as well as drugs for long-term use and action. They are prescribed by a competent physician and must be taken according to strictly organized schemes.

The best-known medicines in this segment are Clotrimazole sold in pharmacies under various trade names: Kanesten, Kanizol, Antifungol. This is a common drug that has been proving its effectiveness for many years. Nystatin (brand name), aka Polygynax and Terzhinan, is a less effective drug that has been replaced in recent years by stronger analogues. In the course of the last decades, Candida fungi have developed resistance to this drug.

Macmirror Complex is a drug based on nystatin, but with the addition of nifuratel, which has a synergistic effect and enhances the action of nystatin by 2 times. In addition to the listed drugs, in pharmacies you can find tablets and suppositories such as Cyclopirox (Dafnedzhin), Isoconazole (Gyno-travogen Ovulum), Miconazole (Ginezol 7, Gyno-dactarin, Klion-D 100), Ketoconazole (Nizoral, Dermazole, Livarol ). The names of these drugs are given strictly for informational purposes – do not self-medicate, it is best to consult a doctor.

To enhance the effect of the use of local agents, parenteral administration of antimycotic agents is allowed. Also, the use of systemic drugs is relevant in the event of allergic reactions and rashes due to long-term use of local remedies. A complete cure is possible with a single oral dose of fluconazole. However, the modern inventions of “one-shot” cures are not a panacea and do not protect against future relapse. In pharmacies, this remedy is known as Diflazon, Diflucan, Mikomax, Forkan, Flucostat, and also under a number of other names.

Some physicians adhere to a conservative method of treatment and prescribe an ineffective 5-10% solution of borax in glycerin.