How do symptoms of COVID-19 differ from those of a cold, flu, or seasonal allergies. What are the key distinguishing factors between these common illnesses. How can you identify and manage each condition effectively.

COVID-19: A Novel Coronavirus Strain

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global health concern since its emergence. As a novel coronavirus strain, it presents unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Understanding its symptoms and how they differ from other common illnesses is crucial for proper management and prevention of spread.

Common Symptoms of COVID-19

• Fever and/or chills
• Dry cough
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Fatigue
• Body aches and pains
• Headaches
• Sore throat

Can COVID-19 cause upper respiratory symptoms? Upper respiratory symptoms such as runny nose and sinus congestion are uncommon in COVID-19 cases. This distinguishing factor can help differentiate it from other respiratory illnesses.

Is there a cure for COVID-19? Currently, there is no specific cure or vaccine for COVID-19. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and supporting the body’s immune response. Research is ongoing to develop effective treatments and preventive measures.

The Common Cold: Mild but Miserable

While often confused with more severe illnesses, the common cold typically presents milder symptoms. However, it can still cause significant discomfort and inconvenience.

Typical Cold Symptoms

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Mild cough
• Fatigue
• Sneezing
• Watery eyes
• Sore throat
• Occasional headaches
• Mild body aches

How long does a common cold typically last? A typical cold usually lasts between 7 to 10 days. The duration can vary depending on individual factors and the specific viral strain causing the infection.

Are over-the-counter medications effective for treating colds? Most over-the-counter medications have moderate effects on cold symptoms at best. They may provide temporary relief but do not shorten the duration of the illness.

Influenza: The Fast and Furious Flu

Seasonal influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a respiratory infection that can cause more severe symptoms than the common cold. It typically has a rapid onset and can lead to complications in vulnerable populations.

Characteristic Flu Symptoms

• High fever and chills
• Dry cough
• Severe fatigue
• Intense body aches and pains
• Occasional runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat in some cases
• Diarrhea (sometimes in children)

How effective is the flu vaccine? Vaccination is an effective way to prevent or reduce the severity of influenza. Even if you contract the flu after receiving a flu shot, your symptoms are generally milder compared to those who haven’t been vaccinated.

Does the flu require medical treatment? Most people with the flu recover without specific medical treatment. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter fever reducers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen are usually sufficient for managing symptoms.

Seasonal Allergies: The Persistent Nuisance

Seasonal allergies, unlike viral infections, are caused by the body’s immune response to environmental triggers such as pollen, dust, or mold. They can cause symptoms that may be confused with other respiratory conditions.

Common Allergy Symptoms

• Sneezing
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Itchy or watery eyes
• Itchy throat or ears
• Postnasal drip
• Fatigue

How can seasonal allergies be distinguished from viral infections? Unlike viral infections, allergies do not cause fever or body aches. Additionally, allergy symptoms tend to persist as long as the person is exposed to the allergen, whereas viral infections typically resolve within a week or two.

Are antihistamines effective for managing seasonal allergies? Antihistamines can be highly effective in managing allergy symptoms. They work by blocking the effects of histamine, the substance responsible for many allergy symptoms.

Distinguishing Between COVID-19, Cold, Flu, and Allergies

Given the overlap in symptoms, it can be challenging to differentiate between these conditions. However, certain characteristics can help in distinguishing them:

1. Fever: Common in COVID-19 and flu, rare in colds, absent in allergies
2. Shortness of breath: More common in severe COVID-19 cases, rare in other conditions
3. Body aches: Severe in flu, can occur in COVID-19, mild or absent in colds and allergies
4. Sudden onset: Typical for flu, can occur with COVID-19, gradual in colds and allergies
5. Sneezing: Common in colds and allergies, rare in COVID-19 and flu

Why is it important to correctly identify the cause of symptoms? Proper identification allows for appropriate treatment and, in the case of COVID-19, necessary isolation measures to prevent spread. It also helps in determining when to seek medical attention.

When to Seek Medical Attention

While many respiratory symptoms can be managed at home, certain situations warrant medical attention:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Persistent chest pain or pressure
• New confusion or inability to wake or stay awake
• Bluish lips or face
• High fever that doesn’t respond to over-the-counter medications
• Symptoms that worsen after initial improvement

Should you visit a healthcare facility if you suspect COVID-19? If you suspect you have COVID-19, it’s crucial to call your healthcare provider or a dedicated hotline before visiting a medical facility. This allows for proper preparations to protect healthcare workers and other patients.

Prevention Strategies for Respiratory Illnesses

Regardless of the specific illness, several strategies can help prevent the spread of respiratory infections:

1. Regular hand washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds
2. Using alcohol-based hand sanitizers when soap and water are unavailable
3. Avoiding touching your face, especially your eyes, nose, and mouth
4. Practicing social distancing, particularly during outbreaks
5. Wearing face masks in public settings, especially when social distancing is difficult
6. Covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
7. Staying home when you’re feeling unwell
8. Regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces

How effective are these prevention strategies? These strategies have proven highly effective in reducing the transmission of respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19, influenza, and the common cold. Consistent application of these measures can significantly lower your risk of infection.

The Role of the Immune System in Fighting Infections

The immune system plays a crucial role in combating viral infections and managing allergic reactions. Understanding its function can help in appreciating the importance of maintaining overall health.

Boosting Immune Function

• Maintaining a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
• Getting regular exercise
• Ensuring adequate sleep
• Managing stress levels
• Staying hydrated
• Avoiding excessive alcohol consumption and smoking

Can supplements enhance immune function? While a balanced diet is usually sufficient, certain supplements like Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Zinc may support immune function. However, it’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen.

How does stress affect the immune system? Chronic stress can suppress immune function, making the body more susceptible to infections. Stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga, or regular exercise can help maintain a healthy immune system.

The Importance of Accurate Information and Professional Guidance

In the age of information, it’s crucial to rely on accurate, science-based sources when it comes to health-related matters. Misinformation can lead to inappropriate self-diagnosis and treatment, potentially worsening health outcomes.

Reliable Sources of Health Information

• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
• National Institutes of Health (NIH)
• Reputable medical institutions and universities
• Licensed healthcare professionals

Why is it important to consult healthcare professionals? Healthcare professionals can provide personalized advice based on your specific symptoms, medical history, and risk factors. They can also perform necessary tests to accurately diagnose your condition and prescribe appropriate treatments.

How can you distinguish between credible and unreliable health information online? Look for information from recognized health organizations, check for recent publication dates, and be wary of claims that seem too good to be true. Cross-reference information across multiple reputable sources.

The Future of Respiratory Illness Management

As medical science advances, our understanding and management of respiratory illnesses continue to evolve. From improved diagnostic techniques to novel treatments and vaccines, the future holds promise for more effective ways to combat these common health issues.

Emerging Technologies and Treatments

• mRNA vaccine technology
• Antiviral medications
• Artificial intelligence in disease prediction and diagnosis
• Telemedicine and remote patient monitoring
• Personalized medicine based on genetic profiles

How might future pandemics be managed differently? Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to inform future pandemic responses, potentially leading to faster vaccine development, more efficient distribution of medical resources, and improved global coordination in disease control efforts.

What role will personal responsibility play in future health management? As health technologies advance, individuals may have more tools at their disposal for monitoring and managing their health. This could lead to a shift towards more proactive and personalized health management strategies.

The Psychological Impact of Respiratory Illnesses

Beyond the physical symptoms, respiratory illnesses can have significant psychological effects. The fear of contracting a serious illness, the stress of isolation during recovery, and the anxiety of potentially spreading the infection to loved ones can all take a toll on mental health.

Coping Strategies During Illness

• Maintaining social connections through virtual means
• Engaging in relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation
• Keeping a routine, even when isolating at home
• Limiting exposure to excessive news or social media
• Seeking professional mental health support if needed

How can communities support those affected by respiratory illnesses? Community support can play a crucial role in helping individuals cope with the challenges of respiratory illnesses. This can include organized efforts to deliver groceries or medications to those in isolation, virtual support groups, and public health education initiatives.

What long-term psychological effects might result from the COVID-19 pandemic? The global experience of the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to lasting changes in social behavior, increased awareness of public health measures, and potentially higher rates of anxiety or germaphobia in some individuals. Long-term mental health support and research will be crucial in addressing these effects.

The Economic Impact of Respiratory Illnesses

Respiratory illnesses, particularly widespread outbreaks like the flu or the COVID-19 pandemic, can have significant economic implications. Understanding these impacts can help individuals, businesses, and governments better prepare for future health crises.

Economic Consequences of Respiratory Illnesses

• Lost productivity due to sick days
• Increased healthcare costs
• Disruptions to supply chains and business operations
• Impacts on specific industries (e.g., travel, hospitality)
• Government expenditure on health measures and economic stimulus

How can businesses prepare for future health crises? Businesses can develop robust contingency plans, invest in technologies that support remote work, and prioritize employee health and wellbeing. Diversifying supply chains and building financial reserves can also increase resilience to health-related disruptions.

What role do public health investments play in economic stability? Investments in public health infrastructure, research, and preparedness can help mitigate the economic impacts of future health crises. Strong public health systems can facilitate early detection and control of outbreaks, potentially preventing widespread economic disruptions.

Global Collaboration in Respiratory Disease Management

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of global collaboration in managing respiratory diseases. As pathogens can easily cross borders, international cooperation is crucial for effective disease control and prevention.

Key Areas of Global Collaboration

• Sharing of scientific research and data
• Coordinated vaccine development and distribution
• Harmonization of travel and quarantine policies
• Joint efforts in disease surveillance and early warning systems
• Collaborative funding for global health initiatives

How can global health equity be improved? Ensuring equitable access to vaccines, treatments, and healthcare resources across all countries is crucial for effective global disease management. This requires addressing issues of intellectual property rights, strengthening healthcare systems in developing countries, and fostering international solidarity.

What lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic can inform future global health strategies? The pandemic has underscored the need for rapid information sharing, coordinated research efforts, and flexible response strategies. It has also highlighted the importance of addressing misinformation and building public trust in health authorities.

In conclusion, understanding the nuances of different respiratory illnesses, from COVID-19 to the common cold, is crucial for effective management and prevention. By staying informed, practicing good hygiene, and seeking professional medical advice when needed, we can better navigate the challenges posed by these common health issues. As we look to the future, continued research, global collaboration, and individual responsibility will be key in building a healthier, more resilient world.

What’s the difference between a cold, the flu, seasonal allergies, and coronavirus?

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Intermountain Healthcare






Sep 22, 2020

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Fever, chills, body aches, and cough. All the symptoms seem the same for a cold, the flu, seasonal allergies, and coronavirus, also known as COVID-19. How do you know the difference? Here’s information to help you better understand the signs, symptoms, and treatments.

Coronavirus, or COVID-19, is a new strain of coronavirus not previously seen in humans that is spreading quickly worldwide. Four other strains of coronavirus are actually very common and usually only cause mild symptoms (like the common cold).  However, some strains, like COVID-19, can cause severe illness in certain groups. For example, older people and people of all ages with severe underlying health conditions — like heart disease, lung disease, and diabetes, for example — seem to be at higher risk of developing serious COVID-19 illness. There’s currently no cure or vaccine for COVID-19. 

Symptoms of COVID-19 can include:

• Fever and/or chills
• Cough (usually dry)
• Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
• Tiredness (sometimes)
• Aches and pains (sometimes)
• Headaches (sometimes)
• Sore throat (sometimes)

*Upper respiratory symptoms, like runny nose and sinus congestion, are very uncommon in COVID-19.

The severity of COVID-19 symptoms ranges from mild to severe. If you suspect you have COVID-19, call Intermountain Healthcare’s 24-hour hotline, Health Answers click here, to talk with an Intermountain clinician who can review your symptoms and give specific care recommendations. If your symptoms are mild you will likely be directed to stay home to protect others from illness and follow the CDC’s recommended guidance for self-care. If you’re referred to a testing site or medical facility, remember to call ahead and let them know your symptoms before you go in. 

Click HERE for more detailed information on coronavirus.

While you may feel miserable when you have a cold, the symptoms are generally mild compared to more aggressive viruses like the flu. A cold can cause any or all of these symptoms:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Cough (mild)
• Fatigue (sometimes)
• Sneezing
• Watery eyes
• Sore throat
• Headaches (rarely)
• Aches and pains

Most over-the-counter medications have, at best, moderate effects on cold symptoms. A typical cold will last on average 7 to 10 days. The majority of the symptoms are actually not caused by the infection itself, but rather our body’s immune system trying get rid of it. Most cold viruses will go away if we’re patient and give our bodies time to fight them. Your immune system is the greatest defense against the common cold.

More information about the common cold:

• Colds and Coughs in Adults: Managing Viral Infections
• Colds and Coughs in Children and Adolescents: Managing Viral Infections

Seasonal influenza (flu) is still active and generally comes on fast and furious. It’s a common respiratory infection caused by a virus that affects your nose, throat, and lungs and can last from 5 to 7 days. Here’s are some common symptoms of the flu:

• Fever and/or chills
• Cough (usually dry)
• Fatigue
• Aches and pains
• Runny or stuffy nose (sometimes)
• Sore throat (sometimes)
• Diarrhea (sometimes in children)

Unlike for colds or coronavirus, vaccination is a good way to prevent the flu. If you received a flu shot and still get the flu, your symptoms are generally milder than if you didn’t receive the flu shot. Most people with the flu get well without medical treatment. Stay home and get plenty of rest and fluids and treat a fever with acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin).

More information about the flu:

• Influenza – What you need to know and do
• Let’s Talk About the Flu – for Kids

It’s important to remember that antibiotics won’t help any viral infections. Usually, the infections just need to run their course, so it’s best to just wait and watch.  If your viral symptoms get better, and then days later suddenly get worse, you should contact your healthcare provider who can evaluate whether you may have a bacterial infection.

Spring is here and you’ve had a runny nose and itchy eyes since the snow started to melt. It’s possible that you might have a cold, but it could also be seasonal allergies. Here’s what to look for:

• Itchy nose, eyes, throat, sinuses, and ear canals
• Fatigue (sometimes)
• Cough 
• Sneezing
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Watery eyes
• Headaches (sometimes)
• Shortness of breath

The most common cause of allergies in the spring is pollen. Pollen floats through the air from a variety of plants. Pollen is nearly invisible to the eye, but can wreak havoc on your body’s immune system. If you have springtime allergies, your body’s immune system is releasing antibodies to fight the allergens in your body. This will release histamines in your blood that trigger things like a runny nose or itchy eyes. You may experience more allergy symptoms on windy days when pollen counts are high.

Beyond basic prevention, there are also things you can do to help alleviate the symptoms of your springtime allergies. Over the counter medications such as antihistamines and decongestants can help reduce sneezing, itching, and congestion. You may also find relief with a nasal spray that can help decongest or ease inflammation in your sinuses. In addition, eye drops may also help relieve itchy or watery eyes. 

LiVe Well



Infectious Diseases

Last Updated:
9/22/2020

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How to Tell the Difference Between Cold, COVID and Flu

We’re making our way into the annual cold season, but there’s also the flu, fall allergies and, of course, COVID-19 to think about. All of these illnesses can cause symptoms like fatigue and congestion — but without knowing what’s making you feel sick, it can be hard to take care of yourself.

“Sometimes COVID can be pretty severe and more like the flu where you’re having high fever, severe fatigue and shortness of breath,” Dr. Bernard Camins, medical director for infection prevention at the Mount Sinai Health System, told TODAY. “But if it’s a mild COVID case, it’s really hard to tell the difference (between COVID-19 and a cold).”

Both mild COVID-19 and the common cold frequently cause symptoms such as runny nose, sore throat, headaches and body aches, Camins said. “When all you get is a sore throat or runny nose, it’s very difficult to tell the difference,” he said, adding that he’s seen many people with COVID-19 who only report having those milder symptoms.

Because of the potential for confusion, you shouldn’t hesitate to take an at-home COVID test if you start to feel symptoms, Dr. John Torres, NBC News senior medical correspondent, told TODAY.

“If you start getting sick, essentially you have to assume it’s COVID unless proven otherwise,” he explained. “And by that I mean make sure you isolate yourself (and) get a test to make sure it’s not COVID.” 

Related: COVID-19 booster side effects: What to expect and how to manage

Common COVID-19 symptoms

When it comes to COVID-19, the BA.5 omicron subvariant is still causing the vast majority (nearly 80%) of cases in the U.S., according to estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Other variants, including BA.4.6, BF.7 and BA.2.75 are picking up steam as well. That’s why it’s important to get the new updated COVID-19 booster, which protects against the BA.4 and BA.5 variants in addition to the original coronavirus strain.

The signs of omicron and its subvariants tend to be similar to previous COVID-19 strains, and they might include mild cold-like symptoms. But there are some slight differences. And people haven’t been reporting a loss of taste or smell as much with omicron subvariants as they did with the earlier variants, Torres said.

These are possible symptoms of COVID-19, according to the CDC:

• Cough
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Sore throat
• Fever
• Body aches
• Runny nose and congestion
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea or vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Loss of taste or smell

Common cold symptoms

With a cold, symptoms tend to build up over a few days. Torres said to look out for the following:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Congestion

Common flu symptoms

After a few years of surprisingly mild flu seasons, early signs suggest that this fall and winter could see the return of influenza cases to more normal numbers. To get the most protection, you should aim to get your flu shot by the end of October, experts say.

Unlike with the common cold or COVID-19, flu symptoms tend to come on suddenly and can feel severe. “The flu hits you right away,” Torres explained. “If you’ve ever had the flu, you know you get to a point where you can’t get out of bed.”

Here is what to look out for:

• Fever
• Cough
• Sore throat
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Body aches
• Headaches

Common seasonal allergies symptoms

Many people who regularly get seasonal allergies know their usual symptoms and have their own go-to strategies to manage them. But we’re still in a pandemic, so if you start to feel symptoms, it’s worth trying a rapid test for COVID-19 just to be sure, Torres said.

He also noted that, while there is some overlap with COVID-19 symptoms, allergies don’t cause fever. And the fatigue is typically milder with allergies than what comes with a coronavirus infection.

• Itchy or watery eyes
• Itchy throat
• Itchy ear canals
• Stuffy or runny nose
• Tiredness or fatigue

Quiz: Is it a cold or COVID-19?

Do you have a high fever?

“The most common cause for the common cold is rhinovirus,” Camins explained. And rhinoviruses can cause fevers, but it’s rare.

So, even though you can get a fever with either COVID-19 or the common cold, you’re more likely to get a fever with COVID-19, Camins said. And a high fever is a sign that you may have more severe COVID-19, he said.

Do you have severe fatigue?

While fatigue is a common symptom with both colds and COVID-19, Camins explained, the fatigue tends to be more severe with the coronavirus.

Do you have any shortness of breath?

The common cold can cause a cough, but doesn’t typically lead to shortness of breath, Camins said. So if you notice shortness of breath, that’s a sign you may have COVID-19. If you have trouble breathing, you should get medical attention, the CDC says.

Do you have body aches or a headache?

As with fatigue, body aches and headaches can occur with the common cold and COVID-19. But with COVID-19, people tend to experience these symptoms more frequently and more intensely, Camins said.

Are you experiencing nausea, vomiting or diarrhea?

Gastrointestinal symptoms like these generally don’t occur with a common cold, the Mayo Clinic says. On the other hand, people do report stomach issues as well as nausea and vomiting with COVID-19, the CDC explains.

Have you lost your sense of taste or smell?

It’s possible but generally rare to lose your sense of taste and smell with the common cold, the Mayo Clinic says. And while it’s less common with COVID-19 now than it used to be, this should be a sign that your symptoms are more likely due to COVID-19.

Have you had close contact with someone who tested positive for COVID-19 recently?

If you had close contact with someone who later tested positive for COVID-19, you may have been exposed to the virus. So, you should take precautions, including wearing a mask and getting tested for COVID-19 five days later. If you develop COVID-like symptoms within that timeframe, you should isolate yourself and get tested immediately, the CDC says.

Don’t hesitate to test — and take precautions

“One of the biggest things is you want to avoid self-diagnosing. That means if you’re displaying any symptoms, you want to go ahead and get tested,” Torres said.

Camins agreed: “If you have cold symptoms and it could be COVID, number one: Get tested,” he said.

If you have access to at-home rapid tests, you can those, Camins said. And if you test negative on the first one, you should take another one 24 to 48 hours later to confirm your results. If your rapid test is still negative and you have noticeable symptoms or if you know you were exposed to someone with COVID-19, you can take a third test another 48 hours later, the Food and Drug Administration says.

Alternately, you can get a PCR test at any point in that process rather than continuing to use home antigen tests, Camins said.

If you get a PCR test, depending on your symptoms and what your COVID-19 test results are, you might also get tested for the flu or strep throat. You can also get more than one illness at a time (like “flurona”), or you can get allergies alongside COVID-19 or another condition.

Additionally, if you have symptoms that could be due to COVID-19, you should wear a mask when interacting with other people, Camins said. “Even if you just have a common cold and you don’t have COVID, it’s still worth wearing a mask, washing your hands frequently and trying not to spread it to other people,” he added.

Best cold, flu, allergy and COVID-19 home remedies

The best home treatments for any of these illnesses depend on the exact symptoms you’re experiencing. Torres shared some advice about over-the-products that can help, but you should always check with your health care provider first.

• Fever and body aches: Use pain- and fever-reducing medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen.
• Congestion: For a stuffy nose, use an over-the-counter medication like guaifenesin (Mucinex). If your congestion is due to allergies, try a nasal steroid spray or non-sedating antihistamine.
• Fatigue: Make sure you stay hydrated, get enough electrolytes and rest up. “Sleep is one of your biggest aids you can use right now that lets your body recuperate and regenerate itself so it can protect you and it keeps your immune system strong,” Torres said. 
• Difficulty breathing: If you experience any difficulty breathing or shortness of breath or if your symptoms get worse rather than improving, you should speak with a doctor, Torres said.

It’s not too late to get vaccinated

When it comes to COVID-19, know that it’s not too late to be vaccinated. And, if you haven’t already, you can now get your updated bivalent COVID-19 booster and this year’s flu shot. In fact, you can get them both at the same appointment.

COVID-19 vaccines take a few weeks to build up an immune response and provide the most protection. So if you haven’t gotten those vaccines yet, getting them now is the best way to be protected in the future.

Children as young as 6 months are now eligible to be vaccinated in the United States, and everyone 5 and up who’s had their first round of vaccination qualifies for the first booster shot. Adults age 50 and older and people 12 and up who are moderately or severely immunocompromised qualify for a second booster shot.

Related:

Flu or cold? What is the difference?

He who diagnoses well, he treats well. This medical truth is also true for colds. But if a doctor diagnoses everyone with SARS, do not rush to accuse him of incompetence. Influenza is also a form of SARS, but you need to distinguish it from a cold, even if you yourself are not a doctor. Just to avoid the consequences of underestimating the enemy. What is the difference between them and how influenza and SARS are treated, says the head. therapeutic department No. 3 of the Vladivostok polyclinic No. 1 Larisa Nazarova .

– Colds are caused by hypothermia. Chills, body aches, nasal congestion, sore throat are the first symptoms and a signal that urgent action needs to be taken. And then there is a chance that you will get up healthy in the morning, – says Larisa Nazarova.

Contagious couple

Acute viral illness gives a different picture and less optimistic forecasts. ARVI begins abruptly, the condition quickly worsens, the temperature rises, the voice sits down, the eyes water. And most importantly, it’s not clear why: they didn’t freeze, they didn’t drink cold …

SARS can be caused by any of the two hundred respiratory viruses. But infection in all cases occurs the same way – by airborne droplets. Symptoms of SARS, including flu, are similar: runny nose, cough, sore throat, fever. They usually talk about different acute respiratory viral infections together, but they focus on the flu, as the most serious disease of this group.

The typical flu always starts with chills, severe headache, pain in the eyes, weakness, muscle pain, aching joints, a rapid rise in temperature (up to 39-40 degrees). Then there is a runny nose, dry cough, redness of the pharynx. The fever lasts up to 4 days.

Anyone can get the flu. Even a seasoned person, having first encountered a new type of virus for him, as a rule, becomes ill. The most vulnerable are preschool children and the elderly due to weaker immunity; patients suffering from chronic diseases of the lungs, kidneys, cardiovascular system, metabolic disorders (including diabetes mellitus), immune deficiency.

Masks and more

Over the years, the incidence of influenza in Primorye has remained at a relatively low level – less than 200 people a year. According to infectious disease specialists, this is due to the fact that every year an increasing number of residents of Primorye are vaccinated against influenza: after all, vaccination allows not only to protect yourself from this viral infection, which is fraught with serious complications, but also develops herd immunity.

The duration of immunity after vaccination with any vaccine is relatively short – 6-9months, so every year you need to be vaccinated again. In addition, every season a new strain of the virus is “born” that can cause illness even in those who had the flu a year ago. Therefore, every year a new vaccine is developed, taking into account the variety of the virus that threatens this particular season.

According to the World Health Organization, in the northern hemisphere in 2018-2019, two strains of the influenza A virus (h2N1 and h4N2) – Michigan and Singapore and two strains of the influenza B virus – Victoria and Yamagata are expected to become active. Components A (h4N2) and B/Victoria are new compared to last season’s vaccines.

Who needs to be vaccinated the most?

– Almost everything, – says Larisa Nazarova. “But since the flu most affects young children and older people, as well as those who have chronic diseases, they need vaccination first of all.

It is believed that the ideal month for vaccinations is October, since the active circulation of viruses begins in October-November, and the immune response after vaccination is formed after 14-21 days. But in Primorye, the peak incidence of influenza usually occurs in February-March, so you can get vaccinated in November.

– However, vaccination does not provide 100% protection against the flu, explains Larisa Nazarova. – The purpose of vaccination is to protect a person from dangerous complications and death.

Viruses most often multiply actively where there are many people. Therefore, during a period when people are actively sneezing and coughing, it is worth avoiding shopping and other cultural and entertainment centers, cinemas, crowded public transport to the maximum. If hikes or trips are inevitable, it is necessary to protect the nasal mucosa from the penetration of viruses by lubricating the walls inside the nasal passages with oxolin ointment or interferon-based ointment. You can also use regular Vaseline.

Disposable respiratory masks help protect against viruses. The main thing is to change them every 2 hours.

Naturally, personal hygiene must also be observed. Do not touch your eyes, mouth, nose. Be sure to wash your hands often: after the street, going to the toilet, in the office, etc. If it is not possible to wash your hands, use antibacterial wipes and gels. It should not be forgotten that the influenza virus is quite tenacious and can persist for quite a long time on various surfaces – door handles, grocery carts in a supermarket, handrails in vehicles, stair railings, elevator buttons, etc.

At the same time, you should strengthen your immunity: take more walks, ventilate the room, carry out wet cleaning, eat more vitamins. All this will activate the body’s defenses. You should also dress properly: do not overcool, do not overheat.

Treatment according to the rules

According to the doctor, the treatment of influenza must be taken seriously. Warming up, inhalations, herbal decoctions, tea with raspberries, radish with honey are good only as aids. The most important thing is to stop the reproduction of the influenza virus. This requires specific antiviral agents that the doctor prescribes. The sooner they are taken, the less the risk of developing serious complications.

Never prescribe antibiotics for yourself – influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections are not sensitive to antibiotics. Moreover, antibiotics kill beneficial microbes that protect the body. Antibiotics are prescribed only by a doctor in cases of post-influenza complications.

Antipyretics for influenza must be used with great caution. Elevated temperature (up to 38 degrees) is a protective reaction of the body that contributes to the production of proteins that fight viruses and is aimed at their destruction.

And don’t go to work, school, college, being sick or not fully recovered. Viruses primarily incapacitate macrophage cells that counteract various bacteria. This means that the gates are opening for other infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Therefore, those who carry the disease on their feet have an increased risk of developing complications.

In addition, “going out into the world” can easily catch the virus of another respiratory infection. Contrary to popular belief that an infection does not stick to an infection, in this case a second wave of the disease will begin, which will be much more difficult for a weakened body to cope with.

Therapist Korseva named 6 reasons why there is a chill without fever

• Health

If you suddenly become cold, goosebumps appear, you shiver, feeling discomfort, your skin turns pale – you shiver. If there are signs of SARS, the reason is clear, but if you do not have a cold, where does the chill come from?

March 21, 2022

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Chills are difficult to describe in words – this is a purely subjective sensation. Usually people say that they feel chilliness, a sharp cold, fine tremors in the muscles throughout the body. In addition to this, the bodies are covered with “goosebumps”, there is a feeling of crawling. Usually this condition occurs when small subcutaneous vessels, which lie directly under the skin, spasm sharply and suddenly. Due to frequent muscle contractions during trembling and capillary spasm, blood circulation in the skin slows down, its nutrition worsens. Because of this, the process of heat transfer decreases, there is a feeling that you are cold.

If you have a cold, cough, runny nose, sneezing or general malaise, the cause of the chill is clear. But not always it occurs precisely with the flu or SARS. Sometimes chills happen without temperature at all, and then it is even more difficult to understand its cause. “Doctor Peter” discussed the possible causes of chills with Ekaterina Korseva, an internist, nephrologist at the SM-Clinic in St. Petersburg, PhD.

Cold, infection, inflammation

Chills are a common symptom of various infectious diseases and pathological conditions. It can be both the first sign of an onset of the disease (the same banal cold), or develop already in its process (for example, against the background of complications or as part of the clinical picture).

So, chills are a frequent companion of viral and bacterial infections: from SARS and influenza to tick-borne encephalitis and whooping cough.

Quite often a person gets chills during inflammatory processes in the body. For example, with pyelonephritis, gastritis, colitis, hepatitis, there may also be chills.

If you are not a mountain climbing pro

Of the specific conditions that are characterized by chills, one can name mountain sickness with hypoxia – oxygen starvation. This is a rather serious and specific disease that occurs against the background of a sharp drop in atmospheric pressure when climbing to a great height. It is well known to climbers and lovers of mountain hiking. To avoid this problem or reduce the severity of the condition, special preparation for climbing and good health are necessary.

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If the thyroid gland is acting up

Chills are also typical of endocrinological diseases. First of all, this is one of the typical signs of hypothyroidism – reduced production of thyroid hormones.

Due to the lack of hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine), the body ceases to regulate body temperature normally – the metabolism slows down, there is less energy to heat the body.

As a result, the person is constantly cold and complains of frequent chills. By the way, with an increased level of thyroid hormones, people, on the contrary, often begin to sweat and suffer from bouts of heat.

If you are overcooled

It is quite natural that chills are a clear symptom of hypothermia, when a person’s blood circulation slows down sharply against the background of freezing. In this case, chills and trembling become a kind of defense mechanism. The body seems to be trying to “shake” the constricting blood vessels in order to retain at least a little heat.

If there is chills but no fever

If chills occur with fever, the causes are more understandable. But sometimes there is a feeling of chills, while the temperature on the thermometer is quite normal or even lowered. There are a number of reasons for this.

• Stress reactions . Sometimes the cause of chills is also stress and strong psycho-emotional stress. Moreover, the body temperature can remain completely normal.

• Diseases of the cardiovascular system . Due to problems with blood circulation through the vessels at low pressure or problems with the vessels, especially in the legs, the heat transfer process suffers. Legs and hands may freeze, there is an unpleasant sensation throughout the body, it may shiver. But there is no temperature.

• Allergic reactions. For many allergy sufferers, a feeling of chills, chills in the body or on the back without fever can occur when in contact with allergens. In addition to chills, people with allergies may experience watery eyes, difficulty in nasal breathing, severe runny nose, cough, sore throat, shortness of breath, skin rash, etc.

• Hypertensive crisis or sudden drop in blood pressure . In some people, sharp jumps in pressure may be accompanied by chills without fever, against the background of headache and malaise, weakness. Severe chills against the background of severe weakness are also possible in hypotensive patients if their pressure drops to the border of 90/60 or lower.

• Food poisoning . If you ate not quite fresh food, poisoned by any drug, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting and dizziness are possible. Against the background of them, chills also occur, it is usually not accompanied by a temperature. If there is also a fever, it is most likely an intestinal infection.

• Menopause . Some women who enter menopause may have hot flashes or chills.