How does clotrimazole cream help with eczema. What are effective prevention measures for eczema infections. Which home remedies can alleviate eczema symptoms. How do medical professionals diagnose and treat infected eczema.

Understanding Eczema: Causes, Symptoms, and Complications

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterized by inflammation, itching, and redness. This common ailment affects millions worldwide, with varying degrees of severity. In some cases, eczema can become so severe that hospitalization is necessary, particularly for young patients who may miss school due to their condition.

One of the most serious complications of eczema is infection. When the skin’s barrier is compromised, it becomes susceptible to bacterial, viral, and fungal invasions. A particularly dangerous form of infection is eczema herpeticum, a viral infection that requires immediate medical attention. If left untreated, it can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening condition.

Types of Eczema Infections

• Bacterial infections (often treated with antibiotics)
• Viral infections (such as eczema herpeticum)
• Fungal infections (like ringworm, treated with antifungal medications)

While seeking medical advice is crucial for managing infections, prevention remains the best strategy for eczema care. Let’s explore various preventive measures and treatment options for effective eczema management.

Preventing Eczema Infections: Essential Tips and Strategies

Maintaining healthy skin is paramount in preventing eczema infections. Here are some key strategies to incorporate into your daily routine:

1. Avoid contact with individuals who have cold sores, as they are highly contagious.
2. Practice frequent hand washing to minimize germ exposure.
3. Refrain from unnecessary touching of eczema lesions.
4. Resist the urge to scratch affected areas.
5. Keep nails trimmed to reduce skin damage from inadvertent scratching.
6. Maintain well-moisturized skin for added protection.
7. Identify and avoid trigger factors such as synthetic fabrics, dyes, and harsh soaps.
8. Follow a balanced diet and avoid known food sensitivities.
9. Maintain proper hygiene and keep your skin clean.
10. Monitor children with eczema closely and remind them not to scratch.
11. Seek early treatment for eczema flares and adhere to recommended treatment plans.
12. Keep your environment clean and free from dust and animal dander.
13. Manage stress through relaxation techniques, yoga, and meditation.

Implementing these preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of eczema infections and improve overall skin health.

Home Remedies for Eczema Management: Bathing and Moisturizing Techniques

While medical treatments are often necessary for managing eczema, several home remedies can complement professional care and provide relief from symptoms. Here are some effective techniques:

Proper Bathing Practices

• Bathe or shower daily to cleanse the skin.
• Use warm (not hot) water and a soft cloth to gently remove any crusts.
• Opt for soap-free washes like non-ionic creams, aqueous creams, or emulsifying ointments.
• Avoid soap and bubble baths as they can dry out the skin.
• Consider antiseptic baths twice a week for additional protection.

Effective Moisturizing Techniques

Proper moisturizing is crucial for managing eczema symptoms and preventing flare-ups. Here’s how to do it effectively:

• Apply moisturizer generously and frequently throughout the day.
• Use moisturizer on all areas of the skin, not just affected areas.
• Apply immediately after bathing for maximum absorption.

By incorporating these bathing and moisturizing techniques into your daily routine, you can help maintain skin hydration and reduce eczema symptoms.

Topical Treatments for Eczema: Steroid Creams and Ointments

Topical corticosteroids are a mainstay in eczema treatment, helping to reduce inflammation and relieve itching. Here’s how to use them effectively:

• Apply steroid cream or ointment to all red and itchy areas at least once daily.
• Use immediately after bathing for best results.
• Apply enough to make the skin appear shiny.
• Use different strengths for face/neck and body/arms/legs as directed by your healthcare provider.
• Discontinue use when the skin is no longer red and itchy, but continue moisturizing.
• Resume steroid application if eczema symptoms return.

It’s important to use topical steroids as directed by your healthcare provider to maximize benefits and minimize potential side effects.

Clotrimazole Cream for Eczema: Uses and Effectiveness

Clotrimazole cream is primarily an antifungal medication, but it can play a role in eczema treatment under certain circumstances. Here’s what you need to know:

When is Clotrimazole Used for Eczema?

Clotrimazole may be prescribed for eczema when there’s a suspected fungal infection complicating the condition. Fungal infections can sometimes occur alongside eczema, exacerbating symptoms and making treatment more challenging.

How Does Clotrimazole Work?

Clotrimazole works by inhibiting the growth of fungi. In the context of eczema, it can help clear up any fungal infections that may be contributing to skin irritation and inflammation.

Effectiveness of Clotrimazole for Eczema

While not a primary treatment for eczema itself, clotrimazole can be effective in managing fungal complications associated with the condition. It’s important to note that it should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as indiscriminate use of antifungal creams can potentially worsen eczema symptoms if a fungal infection is not present.

In cases where clotrimazole is prescribed for eczema, it’s typically used in combination with other treatments such as moisturizers and topical corticosteroids to address both the fungal infection and the underlying eczema.

Diagnosing and Treating Infected Eczema: Medical Approaches

When eczema becomes infected, prompt medical attention is crucial. Here’s an overview of how healthcare professionals diagnose and treat infected eczema:

Diagnostic Procedures

• Skin sampling: A small sample of skin may be taken from the affected area for pathology testing.
• Microbiological testing: The skin sample is analyzed to identify the type of infection present.
• Culture and sensitivity testing: This helps determine which antibiotics will be most effective against the identified pathogen.

Treatment Approaches

Treatment for infected eczema depends on the severity and type of infection:

• For mild infections: Topical antibiotic creams or ointments may be prescribed (e.g., Neosporin, Polysporin, Fucidine).
• Combination treatments: Sometimes, antibiotics are combined with steroids (e.g., Betnovate N, Fucicort, Corticosporin).
• For widespread infections: Oral antibiotics may be added to the treatment regimen (e.g., Flucloxacillin or Co-Amoxyclav).
• For children: Oral antibiotics are often given in syrup form.
• For adults: Tablets or capsules are typically prescribed.
• Severe cases: If the patient has fever and chills, more intensive treatment may be necessary, potentially including hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.

It’s important to follow the prescribed treatment plan closely and to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished.

Managing Eczema Long-Term: Lifestyle Changes and Ongoing Care

Effective long-term management of eczema involves more than just treating flare-ups. It requires a comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle modifications and ongoing care. Here are some strategies for managing eczema over the long term:

Identifying and Avoiding Triggers

One of the most crucial aspects of long-term eczema management is identifying and avoiding triggers that can cause flare-ups. Common triggers include:

• Certain fabrics (especially synthetic materials)
• Harsh soaps and detergents
• Specific foods (dairy, nuts, eggs, etc. for some individuals)
• Environmental allergens (dust mites, pollen, pet dander)
• Stress
• Extreme temperatures or sudden temperature changes

Keeping a diary of flare-ups and potential triggers can help you identify patterns and avoid specific triggers.

Maintaining a Consistent Skincare Routine

A regular skincare routine is essential for managing eczema. This should include:

• Daily gentle cleansing with lukewarm water and non-irritating, fragrance-free cleansers
• Frequent application of moisturizers, especially after bathing
• Use of prescribed medications as directed by your healthcare provider

Stress Management

Stress can exacerbate eczema symptoms, so incorporating stress-reduction techniques into your daily life can be beneficial. Consider:

• Practicing mindfulness or meditation
• Engaging in regular physical exercise
• Pursuing hobbies or activities that you find relaxing
• Seeking support from friends, family, or a mental health professional if needed

Dietary Considerations

While the link between diet and eczema is not fully understood, some individuals find that certain dietary changes can help manage their symptoms. Consider:

• Keeping a food diary to identify potential triggers
• Discussing potential food allergies or sensitivities with your healthcare provider
• Ensuring a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods (e.g., fatty fish, leafy greens, berries)
• Staying well-hydrated

Regular Medical Check-ups

Ongoing medical care is crucial for managing eczema effectively. Regular check-ups with your dermatologist or healthcare provider can help:

• Monitor the effectiveness of your current treatment plan
• Adjust medications as needed
• Address any new concerns or complications
• Stay informed about new treatment options

Educating Others

Educating family members, friends, and colleagues about eczema can help create a supportive environment and reduce stress associated with the condition. This might include:

• Explaining the non-contagious nature of eczema
• Discussing your specific triggers and needs
• Sharing information about the impact of eczema on daily life

Considering Alternative Therapies

While scientific evidence is limited for many alternative therapies, some individuals find relief from eczema symptoms through:

• Acupuncture
• Herbal remedies (always consult with a healthcare provider before trying new supplements)
• Light therapy (phototherapy) under medical supervision

It’s important to discuss any alternative therapies with your healthcare provider before incorporating them into your treatment plan.

Emerging Treatments and Research in Eczema Care

The field of eczema treatment is continually evolving, with new therapies and approaches being developed and tested. Here’s an overview of some emerging treatments and areas of research in eczema care:

Biologics

Biologic medications are a relatively new class of drugs that target specific components of the immune system involved in eczema. Some biologics that have shown promise include:

• Dupilumab: Already approved for moderate to severe eczema in many countries
• Tralokinumab: Another monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-13
• Lebrikizumab: In clinical trials for eczema treatment

JAK Inhibitors

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a class of medications that work by blocking specific cellular pathways involved in inflammation. Some JAK inhibitors being studied for eczema include:

• Upadacitinib
• Abrocitinib
• Baricitinib

Microbiome Research

There’s growing interest in the role of the skin microbiome in eczema. Research is exploring:

• The use of probiotics and prebiotics to promote a healthy skin microbiome
• Targeted therapies to address imbalances in skin bacteria

Gene Therapy

As our understanding of the genetic factors involved in eczema grows, researchers are exploring potential gene therapies that could target the root causes of the condition.

Personalized Medicine

Advances in genetic testing and biomarker identification are paving the way for more personalized approaches to eczema treatment, allowing for tailored therapies based on an individual’s specific genetic and immunological profile.

Nanotechnology

Researchers are exploring the use of nanotechnology to improve the delivery of eczema medications, potentially enhancing their effectiveness and reducing side effects.

Immunotherapy

While primarily used for allergies, some research is exploring the potential of immunotherapy to help manage eczema, particularly in cases where specific allergens are known triggers.

Natural Compounds

There’s ongoing research into natural compounds that may have anti-inflammatory or barrier-repair properties beneficial for eczema management. These include:

• Plant-based oils and extracts
• Compounds derived from traditional medicine practices

While these emerging treatments offer hope for improved eczema management in the future, it’s important to note that many are still in the research phase and may not be widely available. Always consult with your healthcare provider about the most appropriate and up-to-date treatment options for your specific situation.

As research continues to advance our understanding of eczema and its treatment, individuals living with this condition can look forward to potentially more effective and targeted therapies in the years to come. Staying informed about these developments and maintaining open communication with your healthcare team can help ensure you have access to the most appropriate and effective treatments as they become available.

Eczema Care| Know the Eczema Cure

Table of Content

Abstract

Eczema also commonly know known as Atopic Dermatitis can become so infected that the person has to go to the hospital and stay over for treatment, this can be very upsetting, especially for youngsters which means missing days of school. Some infections, such as eczema herpeticum (a viral infection), are serious and need medical attention right away, you don’t have any option and in case, if left untreated it may cause sepsis which can be life-threatening.

Some kinds of skin infections can be treated with antibiotics (in the form of tablets, creams, injections or IV drips). Other kinds of skin infections are fungal (such as ringworm) and are treated with antifungal creams or tablets.

It is very obvious that one should immediately visit the physicians for advice to fight back the infection and to find a perfect eczema cure but as it always said that “prevention is better than cure”. Let’s check out what all things can be done to avoid infections and smooth eczema management.

Prevention measure to avoid Eczema Infection

• It is important to keep your skin as healthy as possible to avoid infection, especially during an Eczema flare. When flares occur, a person should follow the recommended treatment plan to help manage and reduce the flare.
• If you are suffering from Eczema, avoid contact with anyone who has cold sores. Cold sores are highly infectious. Since the presence of Eczema reduces the immunity against viral infections, eczematous lesions can get infected easily.
• Frequent hand washing – As we touch surfaces all the time, it is best to wash our hands frequently, especially if they get contaminated with germs.
• Avoid touching your eczema lesions unnecessarily as you can introduce germs to the rash
• Avoid scratching – Scratching can damage the skin and break the natural surface barrier for infections. Cut and maintain your nails so that it doesn’t hurt much in case you scratched unknowingly
• Keep the rashes and skin moisturized well for extra protection.
• Avoid trigger factors which worsen eczema (Synthetic fabrics, dyes, soaps etc)
• Follow a healthy diet and avoid foods that you may be sensitive for e.g. nuts and dairy products
• Keep your skin as clean as possible
• Children who have eczema should be monitored closely and reminded not to scratch.
• If flares of Eczema occur, seek treatment early and stick to the recommended treatment plan. The more severe your eczema, it is more prone to infection.
• Keep your environment clean, free from dust and animal dander
• Manage your stress – as stress is known to trigger eczema, managing your stress well can reduce flares and thus infections. Practice relaxation techniques, yoga, and meditation.

You can manage your care plan and daily routine by an eczema tool to check what care plan is working for you and stick to it for effective results.

What you can do as a home remedy?

Bath/shower

• Bath or shower every day to clean the skin.
• Use warm water and a soft cloth to gently soak and lift off any crusts.
• Use a soap-free wash e.g. non-ionic cream, aqueous cream, emulsifying ointment. Don’t use soap and bubble baths as these make the skin dry.
• Antiseptic baths two times a week can help. See bleach bath instructions.

Steroid creams and ointments

• Apply steroid to all red and itchy skin (active eczema) at-least once a day. Immediately after the bath is best.
• Use enough to make the skin shiny. Steroid for the face/neck: Steroid for the body/arms/legs:
• When the skin is no longer red and itchy stop using the steroid but keeps it moisturized. If eczema comes back, start using the steroid again

Moisturizer (emollient)

• Smooth on lots of moisturizers many times a day to keep the skin soft.
• Apply all over not just where there is eczema.

Treatment for Eczema Infection

Once the infection breaches your prevention, immediately look for treatment.

On approaching the medical care, the physician may take skin from the site which will be sent for pathology testing. The Microbiological testing of the smear helps to identify the type of infection. The mode of treatment will majorly depend on the result of the test whereas empirical treatment can be started without delay. According to the results of the culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing, treatment can be modified.

• If the infection is mild an antibiotic cream or ointment will be prescribed. e.g: Neosporin, Polysporin, Fucidine.
• Sometimes the antibiotic is combined with a steroid. e.g: Betnovate N, Fucicort, Corticosporin.
• When the infection is widespread, an oral antibiotic will be added. e.g: a course of Flucloxacillin or Co-Amoxyclav to fight the infection better.
• To infants and children with infected Eczema, oral antibiotics will be given in syrup form, whereas for adults, tablets and capsules are preferred.
• If the patient is ill with fever and chills, your doctor will admit you and treat the infected Eczema with IV antibiotics.
• Sometimes steroids can worsen infections. Topical immune-modulators like Protopic ointment and Elidel cream are preferred to steroids by some doctors when treating infected Eczema.
• Viral infections are treated with oral antiviral medications e.g: Oral Acyclovir for 1 week.
  Sometimes an antiviral cream (Herperax) can be applied topically over the rash. Eczema which is infected with a virus can heal spontaneously with time even without treatment with anti-viral medications. However, if it doesn’t heal seek treatment.
• If Eczema Herpeticum is severe, hospital admission is required and drugs will be given via a drip.
• If there is a pain, pain relief can be done by Tylenol (Acetaminophen) or Advil (Ibuprofen). These are also available as over the counter products. Make sure that you adhere to the proper dose and dosage instructions.
• Treatment of Fungal infections of Eczema – Use of a cream or ointment containing antifungal and steroid combinations.
  e.g: Candacort (Clotrimazole and Hydrocortisone)
  Ecocort (Econazole and Triamcinolone)
  Candid B (Betamethasone and Clotrimazole)
  Once the inflammation is controlled you may be treated with a pure antifungal cream or an ointment. Sometimes your doctor may first control the fungal infection with a pure antifungal cream or ointment rather than a combination.
  e.g: Clotrimazole (Lotrimin), Lamisil (Terbinafin), Tolnaftate
  Once the fungal infection is controlled treatment will follow with usual topical products that control the Eczema rash.
• Sometimes fungal infections can be widespread especially in immune-compromised patients such as those who suffer from immunity disorders, AIDS, Cancer, etc. Then a course of oral or intravenous antifungal medication will be added depending on severity.

In addition to the specific treatment of infection, the usual treatment for Eczema should also be followed, such as;

Moisturizing the skin well – Moisturize your skin adequately with a good emollient twice a day, especially after a bath, while the skin is still damp. Emollients with minimal fragrance, which are alcohol and paraben-free, are the best. Ingredients in a good moisturizer are glycerol, Dimethicone, aqueous cream, Lanolin oil, Shea butter, Argon oil, cocoa butter, etc. Moisturizers are best when used in the Ointment form rather than a cream form. Choose the best emollient which is suitable for your skin or get a prescription from your doctor which will be the best for you.

Management of itching with an antihistamine – These are also available as over the counter products.
e.g: cetirizine (Alerid, Cetzine), Loritidine (Claritin, Claratyne), fexofenadine (Allegra) or Chlorpheniramine (Piriton) to reduce itching.
As antihistamine products prevent you from the urge of scratching it will help the control of further skin damage and infection.

Wet dressing or bandages to cover and treat eczema rash – This helps to maintain moisture and to prevent further damage to the skin by scratching. However, bandages are preferred once the infection is controlled. Avoid applying bandages when eczema is infected.

When to look back to your physician

• If you find that the infection is not at all improving after 2–3 days of treatment
• If your child is missing school due to severe skin infections or not sleeping well because of eczema
• Once you complete the course and find the symptoms are recurring

Eczemaless an AI tool to check the severity of Eczema and keep track of your Eczema progress.

3 Ways to Tell if It’s Eczema or a Skin Infection

Parenting,Screenings and Diagnostics

August 23, 2019

Eczema is a skin condition that affects many infants and children. Although its symptoms of dry, itchy and flaky skin are usually mild, eczema can become more than just a nuisance. The more severe forms of this condition can lead to skin infections when bacteria, viruses and other germs enter the body through bleeding and cracking skin.

A skin infection can look a lot like the more serious form of eczema, making it difficult for parents to decipher their child’s symptoms. Luckily, there are a few guidelines to follow. If your little one is suffering from swollen, itchy, crusty and/or oozing skin, here are three ways you can tell if they have eczema or a skin infection.

Look for Visible Signs of Infection

Examining your child’s skin for signs of infection is the first step in determining whether your child is experiencing more than eczema. Of course, this isn’t always easy. Eczema is typically itchy, red and scaly. When it’s flaring, the skin may even appear weepy, oozy or crusty from all the inflammation.

Still, skin infections caused by bacteria usually present with a red, hot, swollen and tender rash that often is accompanied with pus. Skin infections caused by viruses usually result in red welts or blisters that can be itchy and/or painful. Meanwhile, fungal infections usually present with a red, scaly and itchy rash with occasional pustules. Overall, if your child has pus-filled blisters, yellow or orange-colored crusts, swollen red bumps or streaks of redness spreading across the skin, it’s possible that they’ve contracted an infection.

Check Your Child for Other Symptoms

Children who’ve developed an infection often experience other non-skin related symptoms that you can look for. The biggest telltale sign of an infection is fever. If your child has a rapidly spreading rash and a high fever, it’s important to seek immediate medical care. Flu-like symptoms — such as achiness, fatigue, general malaise and chills — also are signs of an infection.

If your child has swollen lymph nodes or is complaining of a sore throat, it’s also time to contact your pediatrician. In general, even if your child isn’t running a fever, a deviation from the normal symptoms of eczema may signal that something else is going on.

The Rash Isn’t Responding to Regular Treatments

Most kids with eczema have an established treatment routine. This may involve applying ointment or moisturizer, giving your child specialized baths, using wet-wrap therapy or undergoing another treatment prescribed by your pediatrician or dermatologist. While there is no cure for eczema, these treatments usually can provide some relief from its symptoms.

If your child’s skin rash seems to worsen in response to their treatment routine though, this could be a sign of infection. Why? Treatments for eczema might only aggravate an infection more.

Whether your child has a bacterial, viral or other form of infection, the treatments differ from those prescribed for eczema. Antibiotic creams and pills are used to treat bacterial infections. Antifungal creams and pills are used to treat fungal infections. And antiviral creams and pills — or just simple supportive care — are used to treat viral infections.

Overall, when in doubt, talk to your pediatrician or dermatologist. Or, in the case of high fever or other serious symptoms, seek urgent care. Not everything that is red and swollen is an infection, but it’s always best to make sure.

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Clotrimazol cream, 20g – InternetAptieka.lv

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Product details

Before using the medicine, read the instructions for use or the relevant information on the package. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about taking the medicine.

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Causes of disease

• Preparations for eczema on hands and feet

Eczema is a chronic skin disease accompanied by rash and itching caused by serous inflammation of the dermis in different parts of the body. The cause of eczema is still not clear, but it has been established that the disease often develops in patients with autoimmune diseases, reduced immunity, diseases of the thyroid gland, kidneys, and nervous strain [1]. The disease appears in people with a predisposition to it. Eczema on the hands and feet is one of the most common localizations.

Causes of the disease

Eczema develops as a result of a complex effect of various factors. All causes are divided into two groups:

• Exogenous (external). These include infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, chemical compounds, physical factors, pharmacological preparations, food, and more.
• Endogenous (internal). These are metabolic products of microorganisms from foci of chronic infection.

Heredity plays a role in immune dysregulation. If one of the parents suffers from this disease (especially the mother), the child will develop it with a probability of almost 40%. If both parents have eczema, this figure rises to 60% [1].

Plays a role disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the liver, improper functioning of enzyme systems, decreased intestinal motility, digestion, absorption.

Several theories of pathogenesis have been put forward, but the two main ones are neurogenic and allergic. The first believes that the basis of the eczematous reaction is functional changes in the skin, namely, in its nerves and receptors. So, in people suffering from eczema, changes in the reaction of the skin to irritants were found not only in the affected, but also in healthy areas. Changes in the central nervous system matter; the disease can develop under the influence of strong emotions and stress [2].

Allergic theory is the main one. According to her, eczema develops due to an increase in the sensitivity of the skin of a particular person to a specific irritant (less often several) – this is called sensitization. The theory explains contact eczema well, but is debatable in relation to the true one, which can occur without connection with exposure to an irritating agent [3].

In addition to the above, eczema can be secondary, that is, develop against the background of existing skin diseases, such as dermatitis [4].

Types of eczema

The disease is manifested by extensive redness, rash, which is accompanied by itching, burning, peeling of the skin, pain in the affected areas. There are several types of eczema that most often occur with inflammation of the skin of the hands or feet [1, 5]:

• True – always begins acutely, is accompanied by a symmetrical rash and swelling, the bubbles quickly burst. In their place, wet point erosions form, which dry out over time. Most often, this eczema occurs on the legs, arms, face.
• Microbial eczema – occurs when the skin is secondary to fungal infections. The rash looks like round lesions with swelling, weeping, and blue skin (monetary eczema).
• Professional – occurs at the site of dermatitis caused by contact with irritating chemicals. The disease does not stop when the irritant is removed.

Localization of eczema on the hands and feet is typical for the following forms:

• Dyshidrotic eczema – may be triggered by increased stress, sweating, allergens of natural or chemical origin. It manifests itself in the form of itchy vesicles, vesicles with a dense cover the size of a pinhead, located on the lateral surfaces of the fingers and toes, on the palms, soles of the feet. After opening, erosion with weeping, serous crusts, cracks, and peeling occur.
• Horny (tylotic) eczema — occurs in a chronic form. Characterized by thickening of the stratum corneum of the skin in the area of ​​the palms and soles of the feet, the appearance of deep cracks that cause pain.
• Coin-shaped, or nummular, is a subspecies of microbial eczema, which is characterized by rounded rashes with a clear border, appearing on the arms and legs, much less often on the body. Coin-shaped plaques consist of small papules, peel off with crusts.

All types of eczema are accompanied by severe irritation and itching of the skin, a person wants to constantly scratch the affected areas. The rash on the arms and legs is especially itchy, causing severe discomfort to the patient [1, 5].

Risk factors for the development of eczema

Situations that may trigger or aggravate the course of the eczematous process include:

• family history of eczema;
• allergies, including urticaria, bronchial asthma, hay fever;
• diseases of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands and other organs of the neuroendocrine system;
• lack of B vitamins, especially pyridoxine (B6), various trace elements;
• pathology of immunity;
• intestinal microbiome disorders, helminthic lesions;
• kidney disease;
• stress, overstrain, lack of sleep.

Complications of eczema

The most common complication of eczema, like other chronic dermatoses, is the addition of a secondary infection. It develops in more than 70% of cases. Most often it is a purulent infection, the causative agents of which are beta-hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, gonococcus. In addition, secondary infection may be fungal. In patients, itching increases, the affected surface becomes wet, pain appears. General symptoms of intoxication may be added – malaise, fever, headache [6, 7].

Another unpleasant disease is erythroderma. With it, the inflammatory reaction extends to the entire skin [8]. It develops under the influence of provoking factors – taking medications, stress, exacerbation of other chronic pathologies. At the same time, the body temperature rises, and the entire skin acquires a purple-red hue. This is a very serious complication.

Kaposi’s eczema herpetiformis is a rare but extremely serious complication. This is a disease caused by the herpes virus. It develops against the background of chronic dermatoses, including eczema, more often in children. The disease is manifested by fever, lymphadenopathy, that is, an increase in lymph nodes, skin rashes, which then turn into bleeding erosions. With such a complication, if left untreated, up to ⅓ of patients die [9].

An indirect complication of eczema is psychological problems. The disease itself is a significant psychotraumatic factor. Constant itching, peeling of the skin of the hands and feet, aesthetic imperfections can lead to neurosis. Its symptoms are insomnia, increased irritability, tearfulness, decreased self-esteem, and frustration [10].

Medicines for the treatment of eczema

The treatment of eczema involves the administration of sedative drugs such as sleeping pills, sedatives. To eliminate the allergic component, antihistamines must be prescribed. Combination therapy gives the best result [11].

To relieve the external manifestations of eczema, it is necessary to use creams on the affected areas of the skin. Creams and ointments Akriderm act locally, reducing swelling and itching [12, 13, 14], moisturizing the skin and eliminating peeling [12].

Preparations for the treatment of eczema on the hands and feet

• Akriderm GK based on betamethasone dipropionate, gentamicin, clotrimazole — from different types of disease [13].
• Akriderm GENTA based on betamethasone dipropionate, gentamicin and methyl parahydroxybenzoate is used for nummular, childhood, atopic eczema [14].
• Ointment Akriderm SK based on betamethasone dipropionate and salicylic acid with keratolytic and antiseptic action is used for various types of eczema [12].

In case of severe exacerbation, very widespread involvement and no effect on local therapy, systemic drugs are prescribed. So, glucocorticosteroids must be taken orally in the minimum effective dose. As soon as the person’s condition improves, the drugs are gradually canceled. In some cases, such therapy must be continued on a daily basis, along with antihistamines and B vitamins.

Treatment of complications

According to studies, the most effective way to treat secondary infectious complications of eczema is with the use of drugs that include a combination of antibiotic, antimycotic and glucocorticosteroid. Such drugs have a complex effect on all parts of the disease [6]. This category includes Akriderm GK ointment/cream. The composition includes three substances:

1. Betamethasone dipropionate is a steroid. Penetrates into the deep layers of inflamed skin, has a strong anti-inflammatory effect, has a long-term effect.
2. Gentamicin is an antibiotic. It is a broad-spectrum drug, that is, it is effective against many representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative flora. Belongs to aminoglycosides, has a bactericidal effect, that is, it does not stop the division of bacterial cells, but destroys them.
3. Clotrimazole is an antimycotic. Works against the main fungal pathogens of secondary infections, including fungi of the genus Candida.

Akriderm GK has anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, antifungal, antibacterial action. All three active substances work together, complementing and enhancing each other’s action. This allows us to expect success from treatment even with extensive skin lesions.

Hydrophilic product with a high concentration of purified water.