Coffee and metformin. Coffee and Diabetes: Exploring the Pros and Cons for Blood Sugar Management

08.02.197016.07.2021 by alexxlab

How does coffee affect diabetes risk and blood sugar levels. What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of caffeine for people with diabetes. Is decaf coffee a safer option for diabetics. How much coffee is safe for individuals managing diabetes.

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The Impact of Coffee on Diabetes Risk

Coffee, a beloved morning staple for many, has been the subject of numerous studies exploring its potential effects on diabetes risk and management. Research suggests that regular coffee consumption may play a role in reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

A comprehensive 2013 study revealed intriguing findings:

Increasing coffee intake by more than one cup per day over four years was associated with an 11% lower risk of type 2 diabetes.
Conversely, decreasing coffee consumption by more than one cup daily led to a 17% higher chance of developing the condition.

These results were further supported by a 2014 review analyzing 28 studies with over a million participants. The review found that both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee were linked to a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes.

Coffee’s Complex Composition: Beyond Caffeine

Coffee is far more than just a caffeine delivery system. It contains a variety of compounds that may influence diabetes risk and management:

Polyphenols: These antioxidant molecules are believed to help prevent various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers.
Magnesium and Chromium: While present in small amounts, these minerals have been associated with improved insulin sensitivity and lower rates of type 2 diabetes.
Caffeine: The primary stimulant in coffee, with potential effects on insulin sensitivity and blood sugar levels.

Understanding the interplay between these components is crucial for evaluating coffee’s overall impact on diabetes.

Coffee and Blood Sugar: A Closer Look

For individuals managing diabetes, the relationship between coffee and blood sugar levels is of paramount importance. Here’s what current research suggests:

Plain black coffee does not appear to directly increase blood glucose levels.
Caffeine may impair insulin sensitivity in some individuals.
Other coffee compounds, such as magnesium and polyphenols, may improve insulin sensitivity, potentially offsetting caffeine’s effects.

These findings highlight the complex nature of coffee’s impact on blood sugar management.

Coffee and Exercise for Diabetes Management

Emerging research suggests a potential link between caffeine consumption and blood sugar levels during exercise for people with diabetes:

A small pilot study indicated that drinking caffeine before exercise might reduce blood sugar levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Another study focusing on type 1 diabetes found that caffeine supplements could modestly attenuate low blood sugar during physical activity.

However, it’s important to note that caffeine might also increase the risk of late-onset hypoglycemia. More research is needed to fully understand these effects and their implications for diabetes management.

Caffeine Sensitivity and Individual Variations

The effects of caffeine can vary significantly from person to person, regardless of diabetes status. Some individuals are more sensitive to caffeine’s stimulating effects, which can impact blood sugar levels and overall well-being.

Can caffeine sensitivity be measured? While there’s no definitive test, paying attention to how your body responds to caffeine can provide valuable insights. Common signs of caffeine sensitivity include:

Jitteriness or anxiety after consuming coffee
Difficulty sleeping, even when coffee is consumed earlier in the day
Rapid heartbeat or palpitations
Digestive discomfort

For individuals with diabetes who are particularly sensitive to caffeine, it may be advisable to limit intake or opt for decaffeinated alternatives.

Decaf Coffee: A Safer Alternative for Diabetes Management?

Given the potential risks associated with caffeine, some experts suggest that decaffeinated coffee might be a safer option for people with diabetes. But is decaf truly a better choice?

Decaffeinated coffee offers several potential benefits:

It provides the antioxidants and other beneficial compounds found in regular coffee.
It eliminates concerns about caffeine’s potential negative effects on insulin sensitivity.
It allows individuals to enjoy coffee without worrying about caffeine-related sleep disturbances or anxiety.

However, it’s important to note that the decaffeination process can affect the coffee’s overall antioxidant content. While decaf still provides health benefits, they may be slightly reduced compared to regular coffee.

Choosing the Right Decaf Coffee

When selecting decaffeinated coffee, consider the following factors:

Decaffeination method: Some processes use chemical solvents, while others use water or carbon dioxide. Opt for naturally decaffeinated options when possible.
Roast level: Darker roasts generally have slightly less caffeine than lighter roasts.
Quality: Choose high-quality, freshly roasted beans for the best flavor and potential health benefits.

Ultimately, the decision between regular and decaf coffee should be based on individual tolerance, preferences, and consultation with a healthcare provider.

Navigating Coffee Additions: Sugar, Cream, and Alternatives

While plain coffee may not significantly impact blood sugar levels, additions like sugar and cream can quickly change the equation for individuals managing diabetes. How can coffee lovers enjoy their brew without compromising blood sugar control?

Consider these diabetes-friendly coffee additions:

Unsweetened plant-based milk alternatives (almond, soy, oat)
Cinnamon or other spices for natural sweetness
A small amount of stevia or other non-nutritive sweeteners (in moderation)
A splash of unsweetened vanilla extract for flavor

It’s crucial to be mindful of portion sizes and to read labels carefully when using coffee creamers or flavored syrups, as these can contain hidden sugars and carbohydrates.

Tracking Coffee’s Impact on Blood Sugar

For individuals with diabetes, monitoring blood glucose levels after consuming coffee can provide valuable insights into how their body responds. Keep a log of coffee consumption, including any additions, and corresponding blood sugar readings to identify patterns and make informed decisions about coffee intake.

Recommended Coffee Intake for People with Diabetes

Determining the ideal coffee consumption for individuals with diabetes requires balancing potential benefits with personal tolerance and health considerations. While the FDA suggests that up to 400 mg of caffeine (roughly 4-5 cups of coffee) per day is generally safe for healthy adults, this recommendation may not apply uniformly to people managing diabetes.

Factors to consider when determining appropriate coffee intake include:

Individual caffeine sensitivity
Current blood sugar management
Presence of other health conditions
Medications that may interact with caffeine
Overall diet and lifestyle factors

It’s essential to work closely with a healthcare provider or registered dietitian to determine the most appropriate coffee consumption strategy for your specific situation.

Gradual Adjustments and Monitoring

For individuals looking to incorporate more coffee into their diet or reduce their intake, gradual changes are often the most sustainable approach. This allows for careful monitoring of blood sugar levels and overall well-being as adjustments are made.

Consider the following steps:

Establish a baseline by tracking current coffee consumption and blood sugar patterns.
Make small, incremental changes to coffee intake (e.g., adding or subtracting half a cup per day).
Monitor blood sugar levels, energy, sleep quality, and other relevant factors for at least a week after each adjustment.
Consult with a healthcare provider to interpret results and make further recommendations.

By taking a methodical approach, individuals with diabetes can find a coffee consumption strategy that aligns with their health goals and personal preferences.

Coffee and Diabetes Medications: Potential Interactions

For individuals managing diabetes with medication, it’s crucial to consider potential interactions between coffee consumption and various diabetes treatments. While coffee itself may not directly interfere with most diabetes medications, its effects on blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity could influence medication efficacy.

Possible interactions to be aware of include:

Insulin: Caffeine may affect insulin sensitivity, potentially requiring adjustments to insulin dosages.
Sulfonylureas: These medications stimulate insulin production, and caffeine’s effects on blood sugar could impact their effectiveness.
Metformin: While generally considered safe to consume with coffee, individual responses may vary.
GLP-1 receptor agonists: Coffee’s potential to slow gastric emptying could interact with the effects of these medications.

It’s essential to discuss coffee consumption with your healthcare provider, especially when starting or adjusting diabetes medications. They can provide personalized guidance on potential interactions and any necessary precautions.

Timing Considerations for Coffee and Medications

In some cases, the timing of coffee consumption relative to taking diabetes medications may be important. For example:

Some healthcare providers recommend waiting 1-2 hours after taking certain medications before consuming coffee.
Monitoring blood sugar levels at different times relative to coffee intake and medication doses can provide valuable insights.
For individuals using insulin, the timing of coffee consumption may influence insulin requirements and dosing schedules.

Working closely with a healthcare team to develop a personalized strategy for balancing coffee intake with diabetes management is key to optimizing overall health outcomes.

Beyond Coffee: Other Caffeinated Beverages and Diabetes

While coffee has been the focus of much research regarding caffeinated beverages and diabetes, it’s important to consider the potential impacts of other popular drinks containing caffeine. How do these alternatives compare to coffee in terms of diabetes management?

Common caffeinated beverages and their considerations for people with diabetes include:

Tea: Green and black teas contain antioxidants that may offer health benefits, with generally lower caffeine content than coffee.
Energy drinks: Often high in sugar and caffeine, these can cause rapid blood sugar spikes and should be approached with caution.
Soda: Caffeinated sodas typically contain high amounts of sugar and should be limited or avoided by individuals managing diabetes.
Yerba mate: This traditional South American drink contains caffeine and antioxidants, but research on its specific effects on diabetes is limited.

When considering caffeinated beverages beyond coffee, it’s crucial to account for their sugar content, caffeine levels, and potential effects on blood sugar management. Opting for unsweetened versions and monitoring individual responses is advisable for people with diabetes.

Hydration and Diabetes Management

While exploring caffeinated beverage options, it’s essential not to overlook the importance of overall hydration in diabetes management. Proper hydration can help regulate blood sugar levels and support overall health.

Tips for staying well-hydrated with diabetes include:

Prioritizing water as the primary beverage choice
Flavoring water with fresh fruit or herbs for variety
Monitoring caffeine intake, as it can have a mild diuretic effect
Being mindful of increased hydration needs during physical activity or in hot weather

By balancing caffeinated beverage consumption with adequate water intake, individuals with diabetes can support their overall health and blood sugar management efforts.

Pros and cons of drinking coffee

Foods and drinks directly affect blood glucose levels. This means that dietary choices are especially important for people with diabetes.

Many people start the day with a cup of coffee, and various studies have reported that drinking coffee could reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

This has led some people with diabetes to wonder whether coffee or possibly caffeine may be beneficial.

Coffee contains many chemicals beyond caffeine, and according to current research, it seems that some have beneficial effects, while others have less positive ones.

This article looks at scientific investigations into the effects of coffee on diabetes and diabetes risk.

Coffee contains many chemicals that have different effects on the body, including caffeine and polyphenols.

Polyphenols are molecules with antioxidant properties believed to help prevent a wide range of diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancers.

Antioxidants help keep the heart healthy. People with diabetes have a higher risk of developing heart disease and stroke, and eating plenty of foods that contain antioxidants may help reduce this risk. Read about antioxidant-rich foods here.

Coffee also contains the minerals magnesium and chromium. Increasing magnesium intake has been linked to lower rates of type 2 diabetes.

However, coffee contains very small amounts of these nutrients, compared with other foods; it is far from the most reliable source of these minerals.

The following sections look specifically at how components of coffee may affect diabetes.

According to research, drinking 3 to 4 cups of coffee per day could help reduce a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

In a large 2013 study, people who increased the amount of coffee that they drank by more than 1 cup per day over a 4-year period had an 11% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those who made no changes to their coffee intake.

The study also found that people who decreased their coffee consumption by more than 1 cup per day had a 17% higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes.

In a press release, the lead author of the study, Shilpa Bhupathiraju, Ph.D., stated:

“Our findings confirm those of previous studies that showed that higher coffee consumption was associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. […] Most importantly, they provide new evidence that changes in coffee consumption habit can affect type 2 diabetes risk in a relatively short period of time.”

In a review published a year later, scientists analyzed 28 studies, including more than 1 million total participants. The researchers found that both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The accumulated evidence strongly suggests that drinking coffee may help protect against this condition.

Plain coffee does not seem to directly increase levels of blood sugar, or blood glucose. This is good news for people with diabetes who like black coffee.

However, some research suggests that the caffeine in coffee could impair insulin sensitivity, which is not ideal for people with diabetes.

That said, other compounds in coffee — notably magnesium, chromium, and polyphenols — may play a role in improving insulin sensitivity, which may offset the effects of caffeine.

Because of this, some experts suggest that people with diabetes drink decaffeinated coffee — to get the benefits of components such as antioxidants and minerals without affecting insulin sensitivity.

According to a small pilot study in people with type 2 diabetes, drinking caffeine before exercising may reduce blood sugar levels.

Another study in people with type 1 diabetes suggests that taking a caffeine supplement could modestly attenuate low blood sugar during exercise. However, the researchers caution that this could increase this risk of late-onset low blood sugar.

Caffeine is the major stimulant in coffee. It occurs naturally in coffee beans and green tea. Caffeine speeds up the central nervous system and may increase mental alertness, relieve tiredness, and improve concentration.

In the general population, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) report, 400 milligrams of caffeine — or 4 to 5 cups of coffee — per day usually have no negative effects.

However, because research in people with diabetes has been mixed, it is a good idea to ask a healthcare provider about how much coffee is safe.

Some people are more sensitive to the effects of caffeine than others. This is true for people with or without diabetes.

Some experts suggest that decaffeinated coffee is the safest option for people with diabetes because it provides the benefits of other coffee components without the potential risks of caffeine.

It is also important to note that adding sugar or creamer to coffee increases blood sugar levels.

People with diabetes benefit from choosing drinks without added sugar.
Some people use artificial sweeteners, but research indicates that some of these products, particularly sucralose, may affect blood sugar levels in a way that is harmful.

A diabetes-friendly noncaloric sweetener such as monk fruit may be a more healthful choice when a drink needs sweetening. A person might try using a bit less each day, aiming to eventually cut out sweeteners altogether.

Coffee contains many chemicals that have different effects on the body. Some are beneficial for people with diabetes, while others may be less healthful.

Research suggests that coffee may reduce a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

For people who live with diabetes, the guidance from scientists is mixed. Some studies say that caffeine may reduce insulin sensitivity, though other healthful chemicals in coffee could attenuate these effects.

For this reason, some doctors believe that switching to decaffeinated coffee is a safer bet.

It is crucial to note that coffee with sugar or creamer can raise blood sugar levels. For a person with diabetes, the most healthful way to drink coffee is black or with a natural alternative sweetener.

Pros and cons of drinking coffee

Foods and drinks directly affect blood glucose levels. This means that dietary choices are especially important for people with diabetes.

Many people start the day with a cup of coffee, and various studies have reported that drinking coffee could reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

This has led some people with diabetes to wonder whether coffee or possibly caffeine may be beneficial.

Coffee contains many chemicals beyond caffeine, and according to current research, it seems that some have beneficial effects, while others have less positive ones.

This article looks at scientific investigations into the effects of coffee on diabetes and diabetes risk.

Coffee contains many chemicals that have different effects on the body, including caffeine and polyphenols.

Polyphenols are molecules with antioxidant properties believed to help prevent a wide range of diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancers.

Coffee also contains the minerals magnesium and chromium. Increasing magnesium intake has been linked to lower rates of type 2 diabetes.

However, coffee contains very small amounts of these nutrients, compared with other foods; it is far from the most reliable source of these minerals.

The following sections look specifically at how components of coffee may affect diabetes.

According to research, drinking 3 to 4 cups of coffee per day could help reduce a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

The study also found that people who decreased their coffee consumption by more than 1 cup per day had a 17% higher chance of developing type 2 diabetes.

In a press release, the lead author of the study, Shilpa Bhupathiraju, Ph.D., stated:

“Our findings confirm those of previous studies that showed that higher coffee consumption was associated with lower type 2 diabetes risk. […] Most importantly, they provide new evidence that changes in coffee consumption habit can affect type 2 diabetes risk in a relatively short period of time.”

The accumulated evidence strongly suggests that drinking coffee may help protect against this condition.

Plain coffee does not seem to directly increase levels of blood sugar, or blood glucose. This is good news for people with diabetes who like black coffee.

However, some research suggests that the caffeine in coffee could impair insulin sensitivity, which is not ideal for people with diabetes.

That said, other compounds in coffee — notably magnesium, chromium, and polyphenols — may play a role in improving insulin sensitivity, which may offset the effects of caffeine.

According to a small pilot study in people with type 2 diabetes, drinking caffeine before exercising may reduce blood sugar levels.

In the general population, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) report, 400 milligrams of caffeine — or 4 to 5 cups of coffee — per day usually have no negative effects.

However, because research in people with diabetes has been mixed, it is a good idea to ask a healthcare provider about how much coffee is safe.

Some people are more sensitive to the effects of caffeine than others. This is true for people with or without diabetes.

Some experts suggest that decaffeinated coffee is the safest option for people with diabetes because it provides the benefits of other coffee components without the potential risks of caffeine.

It is also important to note that adding sugar or creamer to coffee increases blood sugar levels.

Coffee contains many chemicals that have different effects on the body. Some are beneficial for people with diabetes, while others may be less healthful.

Research suggests that coffee may reduce a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

For this reason, some doctors believe that switching to decaffeinated coffee is a safer bet.

How long does it take METFORMIN to help me lose weight?

Q & A
Questions
How long does it take…

Asked: 15 Dec 2011 by doirinne
Updated: 16 May 2019
Topics: weight loss, hairy cell leukemia, insulin resistance, insulin, metformin

I have been diagnosed with insulin resistance Nov 2011. Taking METFORMIN, HCL ER 2000mg (since 11/4/11 worked my way up to full dose). Been on full dose for 2.5 weeks now. No weight loss. I am keeping total daily carbs under 45grams per day. Total calories < 1400. PROTEIN = 60-80GRAMS PER DAY. Diet controlled w/dietician every 6 weeks. I work out 5x per week, 45 mins each time = 50/50 cardio/strength training. Drink 8 glasses of water per day. I am very frustrated. How long does full dose of MET 2000mg take to lose any weight? My endo says he feels I can lose 10 lbs by the follow up appt 2/3/12. I haven’t lose one ounce yet. PLEASE HELP. DEE

Added 15 Dec 2011:

ps I just read somewhere that I should be taking my metformin with full glass of water. I have not been doing that. Just enough water to get the pills down. Also once or twice a week I will have a glass of sugar free lemonade w/ 1.5 oz of flavored vodka (zero sugar, BUT 6-8 total carbs). Could this interfere w/metformins’ effect to help the insulin resistance??????

Added 15 Dec 2011:

pps the carbs I consume are 99% from vegetables, either green leafy or steamed/frozen

Hi, as you probably know, metformin aids weight loss by reducing your natural instinct of hunger, so you eat less. So it is really down to you to loose the weight by eating healthily which it sounds that you are. To be honest i would have expected you to have lost some weight already… there are foods which can hinder you weight loss, such as foods that increase your blood sugar levels, so you need to be aware of these. I am going to add a link to a website that lists the things you should/should not be doing whilst taking the metformin, including dietary suggestions. I hope you see some results soon.

I have been taking metformin 1000 mg twice a day for 8 years… I haven’t notice any weight loss.

I’ve been taking a low dose(only 500mg a day) for 2 months and dropped 20lbs. Went from 260 to 240. I’m not sure if I should be concerned. I’m pretty good about my diet and my only vice is cannabis(admittedly a good amount) but I don’t do caffeine, alcohol or nicotine at all

Beyondblessedxo
4 Jun 2015

I was prescribed metformin 1000mg daily for problems associated with pcos 2 weeks ago and have lost 10 lbs already.

Jessica Andrews
16 Jun 2015

I have just been prescribed metformin 1000mg once a day for PCOS. What a weight lifted off my shoulders. I lost 10 kg by myself in 2 months. Purely from shakes and 2 litres of water/tea with aloe. I’ve packed it all back on now rapidly and so glad I have a tool to utilise with my strategy to get me to where I want to be with my weight. Fingers crossed!!! Ps stay away from anything in a packet, as preservatives and toxins retain fat cells.

andreapgn27
6 Aug 2015

I start using METFORMIN 500 MG twice a day since 07/28/2015 and I lost 9 pounds until today. I take it twice around 8AM and 8 PM every day.I drink around more than a gallon of water a day. 3 small meals no carbs and if i do whole wheat and 3 snacks like yogurt, pear or apple between meals and is working really good along with the treadmill 30 mins daily. If you follow the diet along with Dr. recomendation you will see results asap like me.

I have just started the metformin. I have noticed a great change. My body is not hungry for sweet things. I no longer eat just because. I do not even think about it now. I am not a diabetic and ise this med for my hormones and it works great.

wildething42
18 Nov 2015

I have been taking metformin (500mg twice daily) for almost a year. It was prescribed because of my PCOS. With a 1600 cal diet and hitting the gym five days a week, I have lost 80lbs from January to November. I also switched from Implanon to non-hormonal birth control within that time. I did not have significant weight loss until the Implanon was removed (I do not know if there is a correlation, or if it just took three months for my lifestyle changes to take effect).

I’ve been on Metformin for 3 wks at 1500 mg a day, no wt loss so far. It definitely took my appetite away, thought I would have lost something, but have not. I’m disappointed, but maybe I should wait longer to see any results.

I started taking metformin last year for my pcos. I lost 13 pounds in a month and didn’t cage a thing about my eating habits. I stopped taking it for a while because the 1500mg dose was making me feel ill. I just started back up about a month ago and in the last week I’ve been eating better and have lost roughly 4 pounds in a week. So I guess it just depends on how your body reacts to it and how quickly.

To all on metformin or glycomet metformin in order for it to work properly along with dieting, exercise and etc, you must take metformin with your meal in the mids of it with a full 8 ounce of water then finish your meal it is scientifically proven that medication such as metformin works better while digesting food and you will see the result and feel better once you take with food it definitely help with weight lost when taken properly . I hope this helps

I have tried to use Metformin for weight loss too. I have had no real success from it, despite that I have cut my food intake a lot to what I was eating. And, for a short while, despite low carbing with the Metformin, weight that I lost on a strict no carb diet has gradually been creeping back on. I have had a stroke which affected production of a lot of my hormones, so I suppose I am just stuck with eating very little to try to maintain my weight.
Actually, there is controversy about the eight glasses a day of water – thank heavens. A lot of specialists are saying it is BAD for you. of course if it replaces coffee or soft drink, it has to be better, but drinking everything else that you do plus 8 glasses of water is not a good thing apparently. Yay.

Jenna_Denise
28 Apr 2016

Well first off, every body is different & they all react differently to things. Maybe you should try a food log, not all foods have the same impact on every body. Maybe tracking your food along with your daily weight will help to pin point which foods may not be working for your body type and which ones may help accelerate your weight loss goals.

Jenna_Denise
28 Apr 2016

WOW! I’ve taken Glucophage(Metformin) for maybe a month now. I haven’t changed my diet or started exercising, but I have lost 22 lbs. I’m also not diabetic, I have PCOS. this medicine makes me not hungry and decreases my appetite. In fact, if I eat too fast and end out overeating I throw up.

pmccrossin
28 Jun 2016

I am a 57 yr.old woman that needs to loose 50/60 pounds. My Dr. prescribed Metformin 500 mg 3 times a day for weight loss. I am not sure if I am loosing weight or not. I have been on it for a couple of weeks & I feel bloated a lot of times. Someone on here said that I might be eating the wrong kind of foods or to stay a way from certain foods, do you think I can get that list ?

Thank you 🙂

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Does the diabetic pill Metformin work immediately?

Q & A
Questions
Does the diabetic pill…

Asked: 1 Apr 2004 by lauridius
Updated: 3 February 2019
Topics: diabetes, type 2, metformin

[:I][:I]can someone tell me if the diabetic drug[pill] Metformin starts to work right away or does it take time? Help Pls. Laurie

I can only speak from my own experience. I have taken glucophage or the genaric metformin for about 8 years. No one ever explained to me that the metformin should be taken just before eating, the label from the pharmacy only said “take with food.” A nurse explained to me that the metformin should be taken just before eating your meal, or it would be lots more ineffective. I find it works well, in conjuncion with my insulin. Good luck with your blood sugar.

for me it did; it actually helps your own pancreous produce its own insilan immediately where as Actos produces its own artifical type.

Im not sure but you might want to reconsider taking it. There are some really horrible side effects. Please do some careful research in regards to the side effects,i think you might be surprized. It is prescribed for several diff. Things but please consider all the side effects

Anonymous2020
25 Feb 2017

I feel that though metformin reduces sugar leel, it does not cure it it all or even help the body resist it.
When I first found out I had pre-diabetes my sugar was 140 after food. I was eating twice as much as I do now. And I was at 180 pound weight. I am now 150 pound and eat only half the food but in 3 years my sugar with metformin is 220 or more. If I don’t take it for a day, it reaches 300.
I am really sad that I took metformin, feels like I ruined my life now. It is like blood pressure medicine, difficult to leave it once you start taking it. Not to mention the side effects.
I have now started drinking honey lemon juice, bittergourd juice and I am at 210 after food without metformin. Hopefully with some exercise I can get it down further. I may look towards ayurveda treatment since it helps naturally.
If it worsens I may go back to metformin but that will be the last resort.

From my experience with metformin prescribed by my primary care physician was, and still is 500 mg twice a day. After a number of years taking this dosage daily, I don’t feel that metformin is working for me as it should. I recently informed my Dr. on Jan 24th, this year (2019), that my glucose numbers are not coming down, and that I would not mind if he prescribed some type of insulin for me. He didn’t reply to my comment. When I wake in the morning my glucose is 170 or higher. I go to the VA in Providence, RI.. Never once at any of my appointments has my Dr. checked any part of me below my waist. I sit on the bed, and pull up my shirt. He presses on my stomach, then has me take several deep breaths as he listens with his stethascope, and that’s it. He doesn’t comment.

Expand…

Since he is not prescribing insulin for me, and he knows my mother died from type 1 diabetes turning her pancreas into a cancer, then going to her liver, it puzzles me why no comment from him regarding putting me on some type of insulin, pills, liquid. I think I’m going to do the Donald Trump thing and say to him “Your Fired”.

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FAQ: Decaffeinated Coffee & Diabetes

The American Heart Association Journal has published research, which suggests that decaf coffee drinkers lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. The study looked at the coffee drinking habits of a large sample of American adults and found that those who drank moderate amounts of coffee, that’s less than 5 cups per day, had a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease, neurological diseases, type 2 diabetes and even suicide. Now, in this month’s landmark study by the American Chemical Society’s Journal of Natural Products suggests that certain components in coffee – both caffeinated and decaf – protects against type 2 diabetes.

In the latest study, researchers identified two compounds in coffee that are thought to help lower the risk of type 2 diabetes. In the new study, researchers from Aarhus University Hospital in Denmark tested several components of coffee in rat cells. They found two components that appeared to combat symptoms of diabetes in the cells: Cafestol and caffeic acid, which are found in both caffeinated and decaf coffee.

When a person has diabetes, he or she becomes insulin resistant. Unregulated blood sugar levels also characterize the disease. The researchers found that cafestol increased blood sugar intake in the cells and that both cafestol and caffeic acid increased insulin secretion. The fact that the two components targeted systems and actions related to diabetes suggests they could be the components that give coffee its protective benefit. The dual benefit of cafestol was especially noteworthy to the study authors. This is true for both caffeinated and decaf coffee.

Now, this knowledge is not brand new. The link between drinking coffee and a lower risk of type 2 diabetes onset has been previously discovered. However, scientists were unsure why the connection was there. While there was some speculation that the caffeine in coffee might have a role, other data has suggested that people benefit even if they’re drinking decaf.

A disclaimer on the study is that it was on rat cells – not humans. Since the study was done in rat cells, it remains unconfirmed whether they indeed are responsible, and the researchers argue that it’s likely other components play a part too. After all, coffee is a highly complex beverage with hundreds of different compounds. In any case, the findings could contribute to the development of better medications for the disease.

2018 Update:

From the following study:

Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-analysis

The main conclusion of the Study stated that:

“In conclusion, this meta-analysis provides strong evidence that higher consumption of coffee is associated with a significantly lower risk of diabetes. Both caffeinated coffee and decaffeinated coffee are associated with reduced diabetes risk. Longer-term randomized controlled trials are needed to establish causality and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.”

Regular coffee, which contains caffeine, is shown to impair insulin sensitivity in people with Type 2 Diabetes. Caffeine has been shown to affect the body’s response to insulin, which is called insulin sensitivity. People with type 2 diabetes develop an inability either to secrete insulin or to respond to higher blood sugars; the latter situation is known as insulin resistance, and that’s where coffee’s effects need to be considered.

Research published in Diabetes Care in 2002 announced that caffeine decreased insulin sensitivity in healthy male volunteers by 15 percent when compared to placebo. Then, the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2008 published a study, which found that coffee with caffeine significantly impaired insulin sensitivity in healthy men, while decaffeinated coffee did not have the same effect.

Regular high caffeine consumption, over a 4 week period, has been shown to impair insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes.

In addition, the study also wanted to look specifically at whether caffeine and caffeinated coffee had the same effect when it came to insulin resistance, citing other research that shows moderate coffee intake protects people against type 2 diabetes.

The researchers found that while pure caffeine and caffeinated coffee caused an increase in blood sugar, the effect was less for the coffee. This suggests, they say, that the protective effect of coffee when it comes to type 2 diabetes must be due to other compounds in the coffee.

Having said that, though the researchers found a relationship between higher coffee consumption and lower sensitivity to insulin, they recognised that the rapid transition to having more coffee may have produced an atypical or emphasised response by the body.

So, does regular caffeinated coffee cause insulin resistance?

It would seem to be that the jury’s out, but it is clear that caffeine alone definitely decreases insulin sensitivity. In short, further research is required.

So whilst the caffeine in coffee may hamper insulin sensitivity, other properties in coffee have the opposite effect.

It is therefore believed that decaffeinated coffee may present the best option for people with diabetes as researchers find it includes the benefits of coffee without some of negative effects that are associated with caffeine. Like regular coffee, decaf coffee contains polyphenols, which are a molecule that anti-oxidant properties which are widely believed to help prevent inflammatory illnesses and anticarcinogenic properties.

In an article published in 2012, the Diabetes UK Charity wrote that “decaffeinated coffee could prevent memory loss and associated problems for patients with type 2 diabetes”.

According to research published in the Nutritional Neuroscience Journal in 2012, researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine showed that decaffeinated coffee could help to improve the brain energy metabolism linked with type 2 diabetes, as well as being a risk factor for dementia and Alzheimers disease .

In the research article, the scientists explained that they focused on whether dietary supplementation with a regular decaffeinated coffee prior to diabetes onset would improve insulin resistance and glucose control in laboratory mice that had diet-induced type 2 diabetes. For the Study, they gave mice the supplement for a five-month period, assessing the genetic response in brain of the mice, revealing that the brain was able to more effectively metabolise glucose and then utilise it for cellular energy.

The Lead Researcher, Giulio Maria Pasinetti, stated “This is the first evidence showing the potential benefits of decaffeinated coffee preparations for both preventing and treating cognitive decline caused by type 2 diabetes, aging, and/or neurodegenerative disorders.”

Of course, as with many such studies, more research is needed to have a comprehensive answer, but it does intriguingly point to decaffeinated coffee being helpful in preventing memory loss for people with type 2 diabetes.

Spatial analysis of metformin use compared with nicotine and caffeine consumption through wastewater-based epidemiology in China

Highlights

•: Nicotine is widely used and shows no clearly spatial pattern in China.
•: Gross domestic product affects the spatial difference in caffeine use.
•: Nicotine use correlates with therapeutic drug metformin for diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

Monitoring the consumption of pharmaceuticals and licit drugs is important for assessing the needs of public health owing to the impact on individuals as well as society. The present work applied wastewater-based epidemiology to profile the spatial patterns of metformin, nicotine, and caffeine use and their correlations. Influent wastewater samples were collected from 27 wastewater treatment plants in 22 typical Chinese cities that covered all geographic regions of the country. The consumption of metformin ranged from 0. 02 g/d/1000 inh to 8.92 g/d/1000 inh, whereas caffeine and nicotine consumption ranged from 4.33 g/d/1000 inh to 394 g/d/1000 inh and 0.17 g/d/1000 inh to 1.88 g/d/1000 inh, respectively. There were significant regional differences in the consumption of caffeine, with the highest consumption in East China and the lowest consumption in Northeast China. The consumption and concentration of caffeine were related to the gross domestic product and per capita disposable income of urban residents, respectively. There was a correlation between the concentrations of caffeine and cotinine (a nicotine metabolite), thereby indicating that individuals that use one of these substances are likely to use the other substance. A significant relationship was found between the concentration of metformin and cotinine, thereby implying that the use of tobacco may be correlated with type 2 diabetes. Co-analysis of these substances in wastewater may provide a more accurate picture of substance use situations within different communities and provide more information on human health, human behavior, and the economy. This report describes the newest study related to the consumption of metformin among the general population in China.

Keywords

Drug consumption

Spatial patterns

Economy

Behavior

Correlation

Citing articles

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90,000 What they are treating us with: Glucophage. Will the drug for diabetes help to lose weight?

In conclusion, we will not do without a lyrical digression. We remind you that fats turned out to be a lesser evil than “fast” carbohydrates, since the notorious cholesterol (excess of which in the blood is more a symptom of atherosclerosis than a cause) will be produced in the body itself, even if it is not eaten at all. If a diet low in sugars and reduced in calories, as well as changing your lifestyle to a more active and mobile one, does not help you, this is a reason to think about it.Perhaps you have a hormonal imbalance, which can be a sign of various metabolic disorders, and here you need to look for and eliminate the cause, and not mask the consequences. Another thing is if you decide, for example, to go in for sports, but from this you want to eat a lot more and you gain all the calories burned back. Metformin helps to reduce appetite, so it can be a solution to the problem.

In any case, if you are determined to reduce body weight, remember that your goal should not be the cherished indices or a beautiful number on the scales, but better health, well-being and physical shape.Is it worth reminding that people with the same body mass index can look completely different? You can weigh 80 kilograms with an increase of 180, and with an increase of 150, while having a body that is blurry from hypodynamia, and athletic fit. Obviously, these people will have different health indicators. Even striving for the desired body mass index, where height is taken into account, do not forget about the constitution (not the Russian Federation, but about the features of the physique), especially if you are losing weight for purely aesthetic reasons.

In the matter of body weight acceptable for health and personally for your satisfaction, everything is very individual, and it is important to stop in time on the path to invented perfection, so as not to lose this health – along with hair, nails, good skin and the desire to live.If you allow the photoshopped Instagram stars and publics “40 kg” to bring yourself to a constant aversion to the reflection in the mirror, but your body is within the medical norm, then you need to ask for help not from a nutritionist, but from a psychotherapist: eating disorders are no one lead to good. In the end, the hated number of kilograms is not written on your forehead, and the exhaustion from eating one buckwheat and anger towards the whole world from constant restrictions are quite noticeable to the naked eye.

Our advice cannot be equated with a doctor’s prescription. Before you start taking this or that drug, be sure to consult with a specialist.

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Metformin for weight loss – Superfoods, dietary supplements and preparations

Metformin, or glucophage, is an effective drug in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Its main achievement is the ability to lose weight, which is why it is more often used as a means of combating excess weight. The components that make up metformin are catalysts for chemical reactions of fatty acid oxidation. They also reduce the absorption of carbohydrates that enter the digestive tract. Metformin helps to reduce cholesterol and glucose levels in human blood, inhibits the sensitivity of receptors to the hormone insulin. It is this hormone that has a direct effect on the deposition of fat in the tissue.The most severely affected part of the human body is the stomach. Glucophage suppresses the hunger that insulin causes. The main achievement of this drug, according to the manufacturers, is that it has no side effects when used and dosage correctly and is approved by official medicine.

Experts do not recommend using this product:

pregnant women;
breastfeeding mothers;
people who suffer from heart and kidney diseases.

In any case, before using the drug, be sure to consult with your dietitian.

There is a myth that these miracle pills are capable of dissolving fat, however, this is not entirely true. They only prepare the body to use up reserves of fat cells, not muscle tissue. For those who like to eat tasty food or even overeat, Metformin will be a waste of time. If, after taking the next pill, you eat at least one sweet treat, then all efforts will go down the drain.

The idea of a “metformin” diet is to eliminate all foods that contain sugar, as well as bananas and grapes. It is strictly forbidden to use flour products, potatoes, white rice and oatmeal. Nutritionists recommend choosing a variety of cereals, meat and vegetables (except beets and carrots). This is one of the few diets that allows salt to be added to dishes.

Metformin as a drug for weight loss is taken for no more than 20 days: 500 mg three times a day before meals.Then you need to take a short break for about 1-2 months – in order to avoid getting used to this drug, and in the future an unsatisfactory result. During the first three days, slight dizziness and nausea are possible, caused by a sharp decrease in blood glucose. If in the future these symptoms do not stop, then it is worth reducing the dose by exactly half.

The first mention of metformin dates back to 1922 and is associated with the names of such scientists as Emil Werner and James Bell.They were the first to note its fat burning function. In 1929, another scientists Slotta and Cheshe worked in this direction and discovered the hypoglycemic properties of this drug in animals. In 1950, physician Eusebio Garcia began using it as a cure for the flu after finding it did not lower blood pressure or heart rate in animals. Later, he noted that metformin lowers blood sugar levels to normal, acceptable values and is completely safe for human health. It began to be used as an antibacterial, antimalarial and antiviral medicine.A huge discovery was the research of the Frenchman Jean Stern, who for the first time used metformin as a means of combating diabetes mellitus. The second name of metformin – “glucophagus” was precisely its development. He published the results of his scientific research in 1957. The first country to approve this drug and begin producing it on a large scale since 1958 was the United Kingdom. It appeared in Canada since 1972, and in the USA since 1994.

The number of people who endow this drug with magical properties is increasing every day.There are many analogues of these famous miracle pills, for example: Siofor, Glucophage, Glycon, Formetin, Metfogamma, Glyformin, Metadien, Novo-Formin and many others.

Do not get hung up on just one drug, because all weight loss products help individually. In order to achieve the desired results, consult a dietitian, and he will make you the most rational menu.

Lose weight correctly!

Author: Zhanna Sh. (Specially for Calorizator.ru)
Copying of this article in whole or in part is prohibited.

90,000 Stop getting old! – Spark No. 16 (5512) from 05/07/2018

Leading scientists from 17 countries came to Russia to solve the problem of aging. It is now, in their opinion, that a critical amount of information has been accumulated that will help to find a medicine that will seriously prolong human life

A medicine for old age will be found within the next ten years. True, they will most likely be treated with pets first.And men taking new drugs will have to turn into women – at least at the level of gene function …

These are just some of the theses listed by scientists at the conference “Ways to achieve active longevity” held at the end of April in Kazan. The most famous scientists working on the problem of life extension came here for four days from all over the world. Geneticists and gerontologists, biologists and pharmacologists, genetic engineers and immunologists – about five hundred scientists in total – said that in order to break through in stopping aging, it is necessary to combine the efforts of specialists in all directions.The conference was organized by the biotechnological company “Initium Pharm”, the Investment Development Agency of the Republic of Tatarstan and the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

“When I started to deal with the problem of aging, each biologist had his own view of this process and everyone did something of their own,” Michal Yazvinsky from Tulane University (USA) told Ogonyok. “Then there was a breakthrough in genetics: in the course of experiments in animals, we have seen that altering the activity of specific genes can radically prolong life.Since then, many ways have been found to prolong life – including with the help of pharmaceuticals. And now we need a holistic, integrated aging system that would show how changes at one level of the body respond to another.

Scientists admit: what aging is and what is considered to be its beginning, they do not fully know. Is aging the cause of age-related diseases such as cancer or Alzheimer’s disease, or, conversely, various diseases, “superimposing” on each other, eventually give rise to old age – a gradual fading of the body’s functions?

“This is a very important question that we cannot yet answer,” says Professor Ian Weig of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (USA).- It is known that the potential of the human body is much greater than what we see. I think within ten years we will be able to develop mechanisms to intervene and stop aging. We are faced with the task of extending human life to 115, 120 or 200 years. And this is not a matter of pessimism or optimism – it is a matter of accumulating scientific knowledge.

Everything is like that of whales

“It is important to understand what aging is and where this process begins, because only in this way we will understand what is the main target for a possible drug,” a professor at Harvard Medical School (USA) explained to Ogonyok. ) Vadim Gladyshev.

Professor Gladyshev has been doing comparative studies of mammalian longevity biology for many years. It was in his laboratory that the genome of the mysteriously long-living animal of the naked mole rat, giant long-livers of bowhead whales and the tiny bat Brandt (a joint project with the Institute of Biology of the Komi Science Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) was first studied – it lives many times longer than its relatives, about 40 years. By the way, last year Professor Gladyshev received a mega-grant from the government of the Russian Federation to create a laboratory for the study of aging at Moscow State University.

The study of long-lived animals at various levels is a fashionable trend in modern science. Scientists are trying to understand why different creatures, especially mammals, which once had a common ancestor, have acquired such different lifespans during the course of evolution. The answer, in principle, is: because the same genes work differently in different creatures. At the same time, in long-lived mammals, the profile of gene activity is similar, while, say, in the kidneys, liver, and brain, it differs.

Most likely, this means that there will be no “universal” pill for old age – different mechanisms of longevity will have to be activated in different tissues and organs.

The works of Vadim Gladyshev and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Alexei Moskalev (he was a co-chairman of the conference) proved that the key to longevity is the same for a variety of creatures: they have learned to survive in conditions of oxygen deficiency (hypoxia). This science is perfectly mastered by the underground naked mole rat, whales that go under water for a long time, and Brandt’s bats, which slow their breathing in a dream.Understanding how the body “learned” to exist in such conditions is especially important for people, because hypoxia causes accelerated aging in humans: without sufficient oxygen, all organs and tissues, primarily the brain, suffer. And the older a person is, the worse his brain is supplied with blood and the more destructive it is at all levels of the body.

Therefore, scientists urge to protect the vessels that supply the brain with oxygen. This is best promoted by regular swimming, olive oil, herbs and berries in the diet – such a diet contains essential vitamin K and polyphenols.

Italian recipe

It is interesting that many variants of genes, which are commonly called the genes of long-livers, make it possible to tolerate all kinds of stress well. One of the most cited gerontologists in the world, a researcher of centenarians Claudio Franceschi, spoke about this at the conference. He decoded the genomes of several thousand Italians who have crossed the 90-year mark. Moreover, he investigated not only directly the DNA of centenarians, but also the genome of bacteria living in their intestines (the human genome, by the way, is about 25 thousand.genes, and the genome of microbes – more than 10 million). As a result, it turned out that, from the point of view of genes, centenarians are such naked mole rats and bowhead whales among us. They all have the same genes as other people, but some genes work differently for them, explains 100-year-old genetics researcher Professor Yuxing Su of the Einstein College of Medicine. According to her, special variants of genes protect “lucky ones” from various adverse environmental influences. Moreover, such people can indulge in harmful excesses, for example, smoking to a ripe old age, since they are genetically determined to overcome adverse environmental factors better than others.

In turn, Gil Atzmon (University of Haifa, Israel) found that longevity has a pronounced hereditary component. For example, it is generally accepted that genes usually affect life expectancy by 25%, and lifestyle – by 75%. But even the most correct way of life allows you to live on average about 85 years. Centenarians, however, often do not differ in the correct way of life, but live more than 90, 100, or even 110 years. Therefore, the contribution of heredity to their longevity is up to 50%.

What to do to everyone who did not get the long-liver genome? Start by not panicking.It has been proven: if a person reduces the calorie intake by 20-30 percent, switches to a healthy diet – for example, to a Mediterranean diet with an abundance of fish, herbs, vegetables and olive oil, limit alcohol, quit smoking, exercise regularly (but without fanaticism) and get enough sleep , then, most likely, he will live 80-90 years. But this is not the current demand of society: a person wants to lie on the couch, eat fried pork and potatoes and at the same time live 100 years thanks to a magic pill. This is a real challenge to medicine.And she tries to answer it.

“Virus” of old age

There are already several classes of drugs that claim to be a medicine for old age. The class depends on what, from the point of view of the researcher, “triggers” aging, or a cascade of fading functions. For example, one of the theories says that old age is almost a virus and must be treated with antiviral drugs.

We are talking about the so-called mobile genetic elements – these are special jumping genes that really spontaneously “jump” throughout the genome, randomly integrating into any place in the DNA.Now scientists are studying them in the context of the molecular mechanisms of aging. It turned out that they can, like viruses, multiply within the genome of an aging cell, causing chromosome breakage, unplanned shutdown of some genes and the inclusion of other genes. It is noteworthy that in the course of evolution, reproduction in the genome of this egoistic DNA played at one time a key role in the emergence of mammals, primates, and even humans as a species. But today the activation of these “nomadic” genes leads not only to cellular aging, but also to oncological processes.Scientists are developing drugs that in the future will slow aging with antiretroviral drugs – like those used today to suppress HIV or gene therapy.

Another theory (developed by Professor Francesca) says that aging develops against the background of chronic inflammation. With age, the immune system works worse and cannot completely suppress inflammatory processes. And it is because of this that most age-related diseases develop, including atherosclerosis, cardiovascular, type II diabetes, oncology and a new scourge of the 21st century – Alzheimer’s disease.

It is brain aging that is increasingly attracting researchers who believe that suppressing inflammation is the key to a clear mind for many years.

The fact is that the brain is mostly composed of non-dividing cells. And in doing so, it consumes most of the oxygen and glucose in the body. As a result, the brain accumulates a kind of “waste” of production in the form of unprocessed parts of cells. Therefore, in order to prevent aging of the brain, it is important that the processes of gradual self-digestion of garbage cells take place in it.This is facilitated, for example, by intermittent short fasts and certain substances, including spermidine, which is abundant in broccoli sprouts, legumes and cereals. In clinical studies, it has been shown to be a geroprotector (anti-aging substance that improves memory).

According to Professor Moskalev, neuroinflammation is one of the causes of not only Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, but also senile depression. Therefore, it is important to use a special anti-inflammatory diet for prevention.In fact, it is closer to vegetarian and includes a lot of vegetables, whole grains, legumes and fruits. With age, the amount of omega-3 fatty acids, which have an anti-inflammatory effect, decreases in the membranes of brain cells, and they must be replenished by eating fatty fish and flaxseed oil. Also, galactose (which is found in large quantities in whole milk and ice cream) and fructose (sweet fruits, sweeteners in store food) are not very good for the brain.

Does this mean that old age should be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs? In fact, yes (gerontologists themselves often take aspirin and ibuprofen for short courses), but it is even safer to deal with the prevention of inflammation – for example, maintaining a healthy background in the intestines.Useful microflora creates vitamins, amino acids, bioactive substances for us, but instead “requires” a sufficient amount of prebiotics (dietary fiber) – these are substances that we do not digest, but they are consumed by the intestinal microflora.

“The way of eating is not just diet and the amount of calories consumed,” says Claudio Franceschi. “By changing it, we change the microbiota – the bacteria community in the gut – and thereby literally switch our body to a different aging strategy.Today it is clear that the intestine is the most important system of the body, associated, among other things, with circadian rhythms, with the processes of sleep and wakefulness. And if a person has an imbalance in this system, he begins the process of accelerated aging. Therefore, it is important not only what we eat, but also when we eat. If we want to extend our life, we need to try to consume high-quality healthy foods at about the same time.

Some researchers believe that in the future, microbiota will be taken from a person in childhood and placed, for example, in liquid nitrogen.With age, everyone will be able to sample their ideal bacterial community and thus rejuvenate the body.

Zombie cells

Today, about 200 different molecular compounds are known that have been proven to slow down aging – and their number is growing every year. Among the latest discoveries is fucoxanthin, a brown pigment from some species of algae, which is being investigated by Russian scientists from the laboratory of Alexei Moskalev. This substance increases the lifespan of several types of laboratory animals, increases stress resistance and quality of life.Scientists from the National University of Singapore, led by Professor Jan Gruber, have collected the most promising geroprotectors and used them in various combinations on animals. As a result – for the first time without any genetic intervention, exclusively with the help of drugs – the life of experimental animals increased by 200%! If we translate this proportion into a person, we get about 150 years of life.

Doctors have long pinned their greatest hopes on rapamycin, a substance found on Easter Island.

It was discovered by Brazilian researchers as a product of the activity of special bacteria. At first, it was used as a drug that prevents rejection of transplanted organs. But then scientists noticed its ability to prolong life. It turned out that it inhibits an ancient biological reaction, which is present in almost all higher forms of life. Rapamycin, as it were, informs the body that there is nothing and puts it on the path of maximum preservation of what has been achieved to the detriment of further development. In mice, it prolongs life by tens of percent, but has side effects, including immunodeficiency (which, however, can be avoided by resorting to periodic rather than constant administration of the drug).

At the conference, Matt Keberlein from the University of Washington said: for the first time it was possible to show that the effects of rapamycin are much broader than slowing cell aging. So, it changes the composition of microflora and suppresses the development of periodontal disease, which often develops with age and, through inflammation, contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

True, clinical trials of rapamycin as a medicine for old age in humans have not yet been carried out. But Professor Keberlein launched the Dog Aging Project, where today any owner can include his pet.According to the researcher, rapamycin can increase the lifespan of dogs by 25%, or 2.5 years if the average dog lives for about ten years. In the first stage of clinical trials, where the safety of the substance is determined, dogs of medium and large breeds, aged seven to eight years, participated. Now the scientist is recruiting volunteers for clinical trials of the second stage, which can show the effectiveness of the drug. In general, according to scientists, it is pets that will become the first large mammals to receive therapy for aging.

As for people, they should rely more on a fundamentally new class of drugs that have appeared quite recently. The main author of the work, James Kirkland from the Mayo Clinic (USA), told “The Fire” about him.

– The discovery of the so-called senescent, or senescent cells can be considered one of the most important achievements of science in recent years, – says Professor Kirkland. – These are special cells that have ceased to perform their functions, but did not die (in the pseudo-scientific literature they were called zombie cells …- “O” ). They destroy the surrounding tissues, causing inflammatory and autoimmune reactions.

Professor Kirkland’s team is looking for substances that target these cells to slow down aging at the tissue level. Dozens of such compounds have already been identified: clinical trials of their effectiveness await us soon. But in humans, none of them has yet been tested as a remedy for old age.

“This is a completely new type of drug, so it’s difficult to say how it will work in humans,” says Professor Kirkland.- It is too early to talk about it.

Silver Tsunami

Already today, scientists can extend the life of a mouse in 15 different ways. Which of these techniques can be transferred to humans? Certainly – not a single one: it is forbidden to test any drugs for old age in humans. So far, scientists can only treat senile diseases with the help of these developments.

The problem is that aging has never been recognized as a disease by WHO. As a result, large investors are not ready to invest in the development of drugs that

will not be able to find their place in the market.In addition, according to scientists, it is not clear how to clinically study such drugs: if a person takes them, then he should not get the disease. But how do you prove that it was not due to the pill? In animals that live for a couple of years, this is easily verified by assessing mortality. But with humans, such large-scale epigenetic studies are virtually impossible. Result: worldwide research on aging is funded essentially on a leftover basis. Business does not invest in research projects, and grant funds and the state still do not view aging as a problem, despite the “silver tsunami” threatening the world – global aging and disability of the population – and the collapse of the pension system.

It is known that the famous gerontologist Nir Barzilai has not been able to find money for clinical trials of the drug metformin on aging people for several years. He lacks half of the amount – $ 30 million. Metformin is a medicine for the treatment of diabetes, and it was discovered, by the way, in Russia. Almost the only promising geroprotector that has been used in medicine for 50 years and has actually shown no significant side effects. The scientist wants to prove that he also relieves the symptoms of old age, but he is not given money for this.The problem is that the drug is too cheap and cannot be patented, that is, in terms of profit, this is an absolute failure.

This behavior of pharmaceutical giants forces activists from science and small business to conduct their mini-research, recruiting volunteers to test drugs on themselves. One of these “biohackers”, the famous businessman Mikhail Batin, who finances research in the field of aging, calls for a change in the mentality of the business elite, convincing them to pay for such clinical trials through charity.In his blog, he writes: “You can go to the crooks in Monaco until you die for rejuvenation or inject placenta hydralate for 8000 euros, but this does not give anything special. You can only figure out what you need by comparing the data of hundreds and thousands of people. research for everyone and get a cure for yourself. ” Batin predicts that there will be a wave of human clinical trials at the end of the decade, and this will provide a major breakthrough.

Feel old age

Most likely, medicines for old age will go to the market in a different way.Scientists are actively looking for the so-called biomarkers of aging in the human body – substances whose levels are associated with aging processes. Then they look at how a potential cure for old age affects them, and if the indicators return to normal (that is, in a “younger” state), then the drug is working. A lot of scientists in the world are engaged in the search for such markers.

“I think the main task that we have to solve is connected with biomarkers and with determining the exact biological age of a person,” says Claudio Franceschi to Ogonyok.- The victory over aging will generally be associated with a personalized approach. After all, we all age in different ways – at the level of the organism, organs and even cells.

It is interesting, but completely different methods of life extension often lead to similar consequences – they change the work of the same genes, signaling pathways. At the same time, many interventions lead to the fact that, from the point of view of the genome, males begin to resemble females. But females do not have the opposite effect. Why this is happening remains to be seen.

– To stop aging, it is necessary to collect a huge amount of information, – continues Professor Franceschi. – Where and how a person was born, what vaccines he used, what he was sick with and how he was treated during his life, all the possible results of analyzes and research, and then with the help of artificial intelligence determine how your body is likely to age and what you can do to stop it.

Similar services, although very imperfect, already exist in the United States and Europe, but in Russia they do not exist – there are not even services that provide objective data on the same biological age.In other words, abroad you can already determine your exact epigenetic age – how much your genome has undergone changes during your life. You can find out your glycan age – this parameter shows how complex carbohydrates (glycans) behave in your body, which is directly related to the age of cells. You can also find out your age by telomeres – the end sections of chromosomes, by which you can calculate the expected life span.

All we can do is collect information on our own and analyze it using the online tool young developed by Insilico.ai. Artificial intelligence technology analyzes about 40 blood parameters, compares them with age, ethnicity, etc., and then determines biological age and life expectancy. While the free beta version of the system is running.

When, in principle, should a person think about aging? Scientists believe that aging begins at the earliest stages of development, and after 12 years it increases rapidly, doubling every eight years. Therefore, the earlier you start prevention, the more effective the result.

In a sense, scientists admit, the action of well-known geroprotectors makes them related to diet, physical activity and daily routine, which also systemically affect the physiology and epigenetics of the body. Hence the conclusion: until targeted gene and cell therapy for aging is developed, our main tools in the fight against it are healthy food and lifestyle.

Elena Kudryavtseva, Moscow – Kazan

Measure of old age

Reference

Already today laboratories offer those who wish to pass tests and find out how old you are.To do this, it is necessary to determine the value of biomarkers of aging – blood parameters that scientists directly associate with life expectancy

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a marker of inflammation. It is important to monitor its value, since often cancer is preceded by long-term chronic inflammation in the body, which is easy to identify if you monitor IL-6.

Vitamin B12 is necessary for the normal formation and maturation of red blood cells, the development and life of nerve cells and DNA synthesis.Protects telomere length, directly affecting cell lifespan. B12 deficiency shortens life and causes permanent brain damage.

Vitamin D is responsible for the good absorption of calcium, magnesium, phosphates and zinc in the intestine. Vitamin D deficiency increases the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis, and atherosclerosis. In old age, with a deficiency of vitamin D, cancerous tumors become many times more frequent and life expectancy is reduced.

Ferritin is a protein that is responsible for the accumulation of iron in the body. Its concentration rises sharply in infections, inflammatory reactions and oncology. High ferritin values in women increase the likelihood of all types of cancer.

Glycated hemoglobin is a biochemical indicator reflecting the average blood sugar content over a long period (up to three months). Essential for diagnosing diabetes and monitoring diabetes treatment. It is considered a marker of aging, shows the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases.

C-reactive protein . This blood element reacts faster than others to damage to body tissues. The presence of C-reactive protein is a sign of an inflammatory process. High levels of C-reactive protein increase the risk of sudden death.

Uric acid removes excess nitrogen from the body. Elevated levels of this acid in the blood can increase the risk of developing gout, kidney failure, and a number of other risks. Excess uric acid is poisonous to the body.It is important to know that its concentration is increased, in particular, by alcohol and heavy consumption of fructose.

Creatinine is the end product of protein metabolism. Creatinine is formed in the liver, then released into the bloodstream, and participates in the energy metabolism of muscle and other tissues. It is excreted from the body by the kidneys along with urine, therefore it is an important indicator of kidney activity. High level? creatinine is an indicator of an abundant meat diet, renal failure, dehydration and muscle damage.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an intracellular enzyme involved in the exchange of amino acids. When cells are destroyed as a result of damage to an organ, ALT enters the bloodstream. This is an important diagnostic indicator: its increased level indicates serious side effects in the treatment of various drugs.

Homocysteine . Elevated levels of this amino acid are one of the factors causing dangerous heart disease, brain disease and aging in general.A low level of homocysteine helps to maintain good memory, high mental and physical performance, and inhibits the rate of aging of the body.

Food for long-livers

Dossier

Until the “old age pill” appeared in pharmacies, we can take geroprotectors ourselves: many of them are found in food products that can be bought at the supermarket. Here is a list of substances that scientists have found in the course of experiments in laboratories, proven to slow down aging.As well as products that contain them

Polyamines – substances that slow down aging and brain degradation. Contained in mature cheeses, mushrooms and grapefruit

Quercetin – removes aging cells from the body and thereby prolongs the period of healthy life. Found in citrus fruits, apples, onions, parsley, sage, tea and red wine

Galic acid is an antioxidant that fights free radicals – the main source of DNA breakdown.Contained in grapes

Curcumin – prolongs life by enhancing the self-destruction of “harmful” cells, including cancer cells. Found in turmeric, ginger

Sulforaphane – activates genes associated with the body’s defense mechanisms against cancer and free radicals. Contained in Raw Broccoli & Arugula

Omega 3 – stops premature aging, has the ability to suppress inflammatory reactions in the body.Contained in Fatty Fish, Olive Oil and Flaxseed

Natural enterosorbents – collect cholesterol and carcinogens from the intestinal walls, thereby delaying cancerous tumors, stroke, heart attack and human aging. Contained in lentils, quinoa, oatmeal

Caffeic acid – prolongs life no worse than the most famous geroprotectors such as rapamycin. Contained in coffee, berries, wine

Kinetin is a powerful antioxidant that stimulates collagen formation and stem cell growth.Contained in Germinating Seeds, Young Oats, Coconut Milk

Myricetin – has antioxidant activity, helps to strengthen bone tissue and overall life extension. Contained in cranberries, currants, rutabagas, blueberries

90,000 Diabetes medication is also beneficial for the reproductive system

Scientists from the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry named after I.M.Sechenov of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg investigated the effect of a popular diabetes drug, metformin, on the reproductive system of men and women.They found that it promotes the restoration of the ovaries and testes in patients with hormonal problems and infertility. The research was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, the press service of the foundation briefly reported on their results.

Metformin is used in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, when body tissues poorly recognize insulin and do not allow glucose to enter cells. Elevated blood sugar impairs vascular function, leads to renal failure, causes inflammation and, as it turns out, disrupts the reproductive system.Metformin increases the sensitivity of tissues to insulin, reduces the level of “bad” cholesterol and promotes weight loss.

The authors of the current study confirmed that metformin also not only improves the functioning of the reproductive system in both sexes, but also has a beneficial effect on the health of newborns. They found that metformin increases the effectiveness of IVF and can help in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome, which affects 9-18% of women of reproductive age and 30% of women with diabetes and metabolic syndrome.This disease leads to constant pain in the pelvic area and bleeding, the development of breast cancer and the lining of the uterus, accompanied by an increase in testosterone levels.

A clinical study has shown that metformin in most women with polycystic ovary syndrome almost doubles the frequency of ovulation, which increases the likelihood of becoming pregnant from 24% to 46%. At the same time, scientists note that in order to increase the positive effect of metformin, it must be taken with drugs that improve ovarian function, and the best results have been obtained when combining metformin with clomiphene citrate.

In addition, clinical studies have shown that metformin has a positive effect on sperm production in men with diabetes or metabolic syndrome, in which the number of germ cells is greatly reduced due to a lack of testosterone. In tests on rats with diabetes, scientists have found for the first time that metformin increases the testes’ response to gonadotropins, hormones that are responsible for the normal functioning of the reproductive system. Thus, it enhances testosterone production and stimulates sperm production.As scientists have found out, taking this drug improves reproductive function in men, since not only the number of spermatozoa increases, but also their fertilizing ability.

“Our study opens up new directions for the use of metformin as a pharmacological drug that improves reproductive functions in women and men with endocrine pathology. There are also prospects for the use of metformin to improve the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies, ”comments Alexander Shpakov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, project manager for a grant from the Russian Science Foundation, head of the Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Neurochemistry at the Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry named after I.M. Sechenov Russian Academy of Sciences.

Research article published in the journal Pharmaceuticals (Basel).

90,000 Coffee and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases uMEDp

Among the factors that increase the risk of premature death of the Russian population from CVD, the first 3 places are occupied by such risk factors (RF) as arterial hypertension (AH) – 35.5%, hypercholesterolemia (HCS) – 23% and smoking – 17.1%, followed by insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables (12.9%), overweight (MT) – 12.5%, increased alcohol consumption – 11.9% and physical inactivity – 9 % [four].One of the lifestyle factors influencing the health of the population is nutrition. Coffee is a very common drink in Russia. Therefore, it is important to present its effects on the health of the population of the country. According to the analysis of publications [5], it was concluded that consumption of coffee in moderate (up to 4 cups per day) quantities does not increase the risk of developing CVD and mortality from them, and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) is inversely proportional to the amount consumed. coffee. Previously published [6-9] and recently [10] long-term prospective studies have shown that coffee consumption does not increase the risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke (MI).Moreover, among those women who drank coffee in moderate (up to 4 cups per day) and large (more than 4 cups per day) quantities, the risk of developing MI was lower than among those who drank coffee in small quantities: from

Observation with regard to the development in patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, cardiovascular complications (CVC) in the form of heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), MI and repeated hospitalizations showed that between the consumption of small (

that elevated blood pressure levels are one of the main RF CVDs.The results of earlier [5] and more recent [19, 20] studies indicate that coffee consumption is not associated with an increased risk of hypertension. The review article presents data on the effect of coffee consumption on blood pressure and the risk of hypertension [20]. At the same time, various types of studies were analyzed: one-stage, crossover, prospective, randomized, controlled. Cross-sectional, cross-sectional studies show both direct and inverse or U-shaped relationships between coffee consumption and blood pressure levels.In such studies conducted in the USA, Australia, Switzerland, after standardization of smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, PA, gender, age, the SBP levels in those who consumed coffee in quantities> 4 cups a day were 3-4 higher mmHg Art., in comparison with those who did not drink coffee at all. In other studies, conducted in the USA, Italy and Japan, on the contrary, an inverse relationship was presented between the consumption of coffee in the amount of 4-5 cups per day and the value of SBP; SBP levels were 2–3 mm Hg.Art. lower than those who did not drink coffee at all.

Finally, another group of such studies, carried out in the USA, Denmark, and Norway, show a U-shaped relationship between coffee consumption and SBP: the highest SBP values were in those who drank 1–2 and> 6 cups of coffee a day … It is concluded (concluded) that the results of most cross-sectional studies indicate a negative or U-shaped relationship between coffee consumption and SBP.As for prospective studies (6–33 years of observation), the works carried out in Australia, USA, Germany, the Netherlands, Finland indicate higher SBP levels by 0.19 mm Hg. Art. and DBP by 0.27 mm Hg. Art. among those who drink coffee, compared with those who do not drink coffee at all. At the same time, other prospective studies, also conducted in Germany and the Netherlands, indicate that women who drink coffee in quantities of> 4 and> 6 cups a day, the risk of developing hypertension is reduced by 10 and 33%, respectively, compared with those who consume less coffee.Thus, prospective studies do not provide a clear picture of the relationship between the risk of hypertension and coffee consumption: the risk may be increased among those who do not drink coffee at all and among those who consume large quantities of it. Randomized, controlled trials, 1-12 weeks in duration, show a slight increase in blood pressure (1-2 mmHg) in those who consume large amounts of coffee (> 5 cups per day), and this effect is more noticeable in young. Regular coffee consumption does not increase the risk of hypertension.

Within the framework of the long-term (30-year) study The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study studied the effect of coffee consumption on metabolic syndrome (MS) and its main components: hypertension, total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose and waist circumference (WT) [21]. MS is represented by the presence of ≥ 3 of 5 RF: blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mm Hg. Art., HDL cholesterol 94 cm in men and> 80 cm in women. At the beginning of the study, 450 boys and girls took part in it (the average age at the start of the study was 13.1 ± 0.8 years).In the course of long-term observation in men, differences in blood pressure levels – -5.2, HDL cholesterol – 0.02, TG – 1.03, fasting glycemia – 1.00, OT – 0.5 among those who consume coffee in quantities from 2 to 4 , from ≥ 5 cups per day statistically significant (p> 0.05) did not differ from those of those who drank coffee in the amount of

Recently, for developed countries and in the future for developing countries, the problem of excess body weight, obesity and diabetes mellitus 2 type becomes especially relevant. Already next year, in comparison with 2000, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the world will increase by 46%, and in developing countries – by 57% [22, 23]. According to forecasts, worldwide from 2000 to 2030. the number of patients with diabetes will more than double, from 171 million to 366 million [24]. Therefore, it is important to know how coffee consumption can affect obesity, type 2 diabetes and its complications. In a prospective (1986–2004), cohort study in 1986, 51,529 men aged 40–75 years with type 2 diabetes and no signs of CVD at the beginning of the study studied the relationship between coffee consumption and all deaths, nonfatal and fatal all CVD , separately ischemic heart disease and MI [25].After standardization in terms of age, smoking, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, heredity weighed down by MI, AH, HCS, duration of type 2 diabetes, taking hypoglycemic drugs and nutritional factors, it was shown that in male patients with type 2 diabetes, consumption coffee does not increase the risk of developing and dying from CVD, as well as separately from coronary artery disease and MI.

In a crossover study COPENHAGEN MALE STUDY, which involved 3290 men aged 63–75 years, the prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg / m2) and the relationship of obesity with the consumption of sweet coffee and tea were studied [26].Among men who drink sweet coffee, the prevalence of obesity is lower than among those who drink unsweetened coffee, and it is lower, the more cups of sweet coffee they drink: for coffee ≤ 7 cups a day – 6.7% vs 11.2 % (OR 0.6; p 7 cups per day – 3.7% vs 7.4% (OR 0.5; p = 0.09). Such an inverse relationship between consumption of sweet coffee and the prevalence of obesity was observed in all studied subgroups men, including differences in the prevalence of other RFs (alcohol, fatty foods, and PA), general health, social class, age, and family obesity.Thus, the results of published works indicate that the consumption of coffee as a component of the population’s nutrition does not increase the risk of developing CVD, in particular CHD, MI and their complications. It should be especially noted that coffee consumption does not lead to an increase in the prevalence of RF CVDs, such as AH, HCS, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, type 2 diabetes. In people with CVD and type 2 diabetes, coffee consumption does not contribute to the development of complications.

Hyperhomocysteinemia | Articles of the clinic Medservice

Hyperhomocysteinemia is a pathological condition, the timely diagnosis of which in the overwhelming majority of cases allows prescribing a simple, cheap, effective and safe treatment, which reduces the risk of many life-threatening diseases and complications tenfold.

Homocysteine  is a conversion product of methionine, one of the eight essential amino acids. Vitamins are cofactors in the transformation of the metabolic pathways of methionine in the body, the most important of which are folic acid (B9), pyridoxine (B6), cyanocobalamin (B12) and riboflavin (B1).

Homocysteine has a pronounced toxic effect on the cell. To protect cells from the damaging effects of homocysteine, there are special mechanisms for removing it from the cell into the blood.If an excess of homocysteine appears in the body, it accumulates in the blood, and the inner surface of the vessels becomes the main site of the damaging effect of this substance. Hyperhomocysteinemia leads to damage and activation of endothelial cells (cells in the lining of blood vessels), which greatly increases the risk of thrombosis. High levels of homocysteine cause “oxidative stress”, increase platelet aggregation and activate the coagulation cascade, lead to disruption of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and stimulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Thus, hyperhomocysteinemia has an adverse effect on the mechanisms of regulation of vascular tone, lipid metabolism and the coagulation cascade, and the development of various vascular diseases.

Causes of an increase in the level of homocysteine in the blood

The most common causes of an increase in homocysteine levels are vitamin deficiencies – a lack of folic acid and vitamins B6, B12 and B1. One of the main causes of vitamin deficiency states are diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by impaired absorption of vitamins (malabsorption syndrome).

Consuming large amounts of coffee (more than 6 cups a day) is one of the factors that contribute to high blood homocysteine levels.

Smokers have an increased tendency to hyperhomocysteinemia.

Drinking small amounts of alcohol can lower homocysteine levels, and large amounts of alcohol can increase homocysteine levels in the blood.

Homocysteine levels often rise with a sedentary lifestyle.Moderate exercise helps to reduce homocysteine levels in hyperhomocysteinemia.

Homocysteine levels are affected by a variety of medications (methotrexate, anticonvulsants, nitrous oxide, metformin, H2 receptor antagonists, aminophylline).

Taking hormonal contraceptives can have an adverse effect. However, these data are not confirmed by all researchers.

Several comorbidities (renal failure, thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, and leukemia) contribute to an increase in homocysteine levels.

An important cause of hyperhomocysteinemia is hereditary abnormalities of enzymes involved in the metabolism of methionine. Converting excess homocysteine to methionine requires high concentrations of the active form of folic acid. A homozygous mutation of the methyltetrahydrofolate reductase gene reduces the enzyme activity by 50%, resulting in persistent moderate hyperhomocysteinemia. Another common genetic defect leading to hyperhomocysteinemia is a mutation in the cystathione synthase gene.A homozygous mutation of this gene leads to severe vascular damage at a young age and early death of patients from atherosclerosis and thrombotic complications.

Diseases associated with hyperhomocysteinemia

Cardiovascular diseases

Until now, the pathology of the cardiovascular system remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality among the population around the world. Homocysteine is an independent marker of high mortality from cardiovascular disease, comparable to hypercholesterolemia and high blood pressure.

Studies conducted on huge cohorts of tens of thousands of individuals convincingly demonstrate the role of elevated homocysteine levels as an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, its thrombotic complications, coronary heart disease, strokes, ischemic diseases of the vessels of the lower extremities, venous thrombosis, and the development of arterial restenosis after angioplasty. Moreover, many studies have shown a decrease in the risk of related diseases or complications with the use of therapy that lowers the level of homocysteine.

According to clinical studies, an increase in plasma homocysteine concentration by 5 μmol / L increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and overall mortality by 1.3-1.7 times (the normal homocysteine concentration is considered to be 5-15 μmol / L in men, 5-12 μmol / l in women).
The general increase in the risk of diseases due to hyperhomocysteinemia for cardiovascular risk is 70%, the risk of developing cerebrovascular lesions is 150%, the risk of peripheral vascular obstruction increases 6 times.The relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and the development of senile dementia (Alzheimer’s disease) is discussed.

Pathology of pregnancy

Microthrombus formation and microcirculation disorders lead to a number of obstetric complications. Violation of implantation and fetoplacental circulation leads to reproductive failure – miscarriage and infertility as a result of defects in the implantation of the embryo. In the later stages of pregnancy, hyperhomocysteinemia is the cause of the development of chronic placental insufficiency and chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia.This leads to the birth of children with low body weight and reduced functional reserves, the development of complications of the neonatal period.

Hyperhomocysteinemia can be one of the causes of generalized microangiopathy in the second half of pregnancy, manifested in the form of late toxicosis (gestosis) with the development of severe, often uncontrollable conditions, sometimes requiring early delivery. The birth of an immature premature baby in these cases is accompanied by high infant mortality and frequent neonatal complications.

Homocysteine freely crosses the placenta and can have teratogenic and fetotoxic effects. It has been proven that hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the causes of fetal malformations (in particular anencephaly and spina bifida).

Hyperhomocysteinemia can be accompanied by the development of secondary autoimmune reactions and is currently considered as one of the causes of antiphospholipid syndrome. Autoimmune factors can interfere with the normal development of pregnancy even after elimination of high homocysteine levels.

Diagnosis of hyperhomocysteinemia

To diagnose hyperhomocysteinemia, the level of homocysteine in the blood is determined. Stress tests with methionine are sometimes used (determination of the level of homocysteine on an empty stomach and after loading with methionine). If a high level of homocysteine in the blood is detected, tests should be performed to detect other risk factors for the development of vascular and obstetric complications.

A study for the content of homocysteine can be carried out as a screening in apparently healthy individuals to identify a group of increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and to carry out preventive measures to reduce this risk.

Homocysteine testing is useful in diabetes mellitus with a tendency to vascular complications.

Given the severity of the potential consequences of hyperhomocystemia during pregnancy, it is recommended that homocysteine levels be checked for all women preparing for pregnancy.

It is imperative to determine the level of homocysteine in patients with former obstetric complications and in women whose relatives had strokes, heart attacks and thrombosis at the age of 45-50 years.

Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia

If hyperhomocysteinemia is detected, specially selected therapy with high doses of folic acid and B vitamins (B6, B12, B1) is performed.

Since vitamin deficiency is often associated with impaired absorption of vitamins in the gastrointestinal tract, treatment, as a rule, begins with intramuscular administration of vitamins of group B. After a decrease in the level of homocysteine to normal (5-15 μmol / l), maintenance doses of vitamins are prescribed per os …

Such treatment is characterized by the absence of side effects, and in addition, it is incomparably cheaper than pharmacotherapy for risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia.

90,000 8 benefits not related to diabetes

Metformin is the first line of oral treatments for type 2 diabetes. It increases the sensitivity of muscle and adipose tissue to insulin. However, studies on the drug have found benefits of metformin that are not associated with diabetes.

Here are eight of the latest scientific data on the positive effects of metformin on the body that will surprise many:

1) Increase male fertility
Metformin improves sperm motility and reproductive function in men with diabetes. In addition, the sperm increases the ability of sperm to fertilize eggs after cryopreservation (freezing during sperm donation).

2) Improving female fertility
In patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the addition of metformin to clomiphene increases the chances of women with unexplained infertility of becoming pregnant compared to using clomiphene alone.

3) Prolongs life
It is now widely accepted that metformin prolongs life and improves immunity in mice. Does metformin prolong a person’s life span? It is not yet known exactly, but metformin, which lowers blood glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity, has been shown in rodents to prolong lifespan and prevent cancer.

4) Prevention and treatment of colon cancer
The benefits of metformin for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer have been shown in several studies.Metformin improves overall survival in diabetic patients with colorectal cancer.

5) Prevention and treatment of prostate cancer
A study in mice with prostate cancer has shown that the addition of metformin to conventional chemotherapy inhibits the progression of cancer. This could mean that metformin may provide some benefit to androgen deprivation therapy such as leiprorelin during cancer treatment in men.

6) Treatment of ovarian cancer
Metformin has shown an antitumor effect when used in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

7) Improvement of the gut microbiome
Studies have shown that metformin affects the gut microbiome, that is, the good bacteria that live in the human gut. In addition, many experts believe that metformin helps with weight loss by altering the composition of gut bacteria.

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Hyperhomocysteinemia | Articles of the clinic Medservice

Causes of an increase in the level of homocysteine ​​in the blood

Diseases associated with hyperhomocysteinemia

Cardiovascular diseases

Pathology of pregnancy

Diagnosis of hyperhomocysteinemia

Treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia

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Causes of an increase in the level of homocysteine in the blood