What is costochondritis. How is costochondritis diagnosed. What are the main symptoms of costochondritis. How long does costochondritis typically last. What are the most effective treatments for costochondritis. Can costochondritis be prevented. When should you seek medical attention for chest pain.

Unveiling Costochondritis: A Common Cause of Chest Pain

Costochondritis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the cartilage connecting the ribs to the breastbone (sternum). This inflammation can cause significant chest pain, often mistaken for more serious conditions like heart attacks. Understanding costochondritis is crucial for proper diagnosis and management.

Anatomy of the Rib Cage

To comprehend costochondritis, it’s essential to understand the structure of the rib cage:

• The rib cage consists of 12 pairs of ribs.
• All but the lowest two pairs are connected to the breastbone by cartilage.
• This cartilage allows for flexibility and expansion during breathing.
• The ribs and associated muscles play a vital role in protecting the lungs and chest cavity.

Is costochondritis a serious condition? While costochondritis can cause significant discomfort, it is generally not a serious or life-threatening condition. However, it’s important to rule out other potential causes of chest pain.

Identifying the Causes of Costochondritis

The exact cause of costochondritis is often unknown, but several factors may contribute to its development:

• Chest injuries
• Strenuous exercise or heavy lifting
• Viral infections, particularly respiratory infections
• Severe coughing episodes
• Infections following surgery or intravenous drug use
• Certain types of arthritis

Can physical activities trigger costochondritis? Yes, engaging in strenuous physical activities or exercises that put excessive strain on the chest area can potentially trigger or exacerbate costochondritis symptoms.

Recognizing the Symptoms of Costochondritis

The hallmark symptom of costochondritis is chest pain, which can vary in intensity and character. Common symptoms include:

1. Sharp pain in the front of the chest, potentially radiating to the back or abdomen
2. Increased pain during deep breathing or coughing
3. Tenderness when pressure is applied to the affected area
4. Pain relief when movement stops and breathing becomes shallow

How can you differentiate costochondritis pain from heart-related chest pain? Unlike heart-related chest pain, costochondritis pain typically worsens with movement or pressure on the chest wall. Additionally, costochondritis pain is often localized to a specific area, while heart-related pain may be more diffuse.

Diagnosing Costochondritis: A Process of Elimination

Diagnosing costochondritis involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and sometimes imaging studies:

• Medical history: Your healthcare provider will inquire about your symptoms and potential triggers.
• Physical examination: The area where the ribs meet the breastbone will be palpated for tenderness.
• Chest X-ray: This may be ordered if symptoms are severe or persistent.
• Additional tests: To rule out other conditions, such as heart problems, your provider may recommend further testing.

Are there specific tests to diagnose costochondritis? While there is no specific test for costochondritis, the diagnosis is primarily based on the characteristic symptoms and physical examination findings. Other tests are mainly used to exclude other potential causes of chest pain.

Effective Treatment Strategies for Costochondritis

Treatment for costochondritis focuses on managing pain and reducing inflammation. The condition often resolves on its own within a few days to weeks, but in some cases, it may persist for several months. Common treatment approaches include:

1. Rest and activity modification
2. Application of hot or cold compresses
3. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen
4. Acetaminophen for pain relief, if recommended by your healthcare provider
5. Prescription pain medications for severe cases
6. Physical therapy in some instances

How effective are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in treating costochondritis? NSAIDs like ibuprofen and naproxen can be highly effective in reducing both pain and inflammation associated with costochondritis. However, it’s crucial to use these medications as directed and be aware of potential side effects, especially for individuals with certain health conditions.

Precautions When Using Pain Medications

When using pain medications for costochondritis, keep the following precautions in mind:

• Consult your healthcare provider before using NSAIDs if you have heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, liver disease, or a history of stomach ulcers or internal bleeding.
• Follow the recommended dosage instructions carefully.
• Be aware of potential side effects and interactions with other medications.
• Consider acetaminophen as an alternative if NSAIDs are not suitable for you.

The Prognosis and Long-Term Outlook for Costochondritis

What is the typical duration of costochondritis symptoms? In most cases, costochondritis resolves within a few days to weeks. However, some individuals may experience symptoms for several months. The long-term outlook for costochondritis is generally favorable, with most people experiencing complete resolution of symptoms.

Factors that may influence the duration and severity of costochondritis include:

• The underlying cause (if identified)
• Adherence to treatment recommendations
• Individual health status and age
• Presence of other medical conditions

Prevention Strategies and Lifestyle Modifications

While it may not always be possible to prevent costochondritis, certain strategies can help reduce the risk of developing the condition or experiencing recurrences:

1. Practice proper posture and ergonomics
2. Warm up adequately before exercise and avoid overexertion
3. Use proper lifting techniques to avoid chest strain
4. Manage stress through relaxation techniques
5. Maintain a healthy lifestyle with balanced nutrition and regular exercise

Can stress contribute to the development of costochondritis? While stress itself may not directly cause costochondritis, it can lead to muscle tension and altered breathing patterns, which may exacerbate symptoms or increase susceptibility to the condition.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Chest Pain

Although costochondritis is generally not life-threatening, it’s crucial to seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe or persistent chest pain, as it could be a sign of a more serious condition. Contact your healthcare provider or seek emergency care if:

• Chest pain is severe, sudden, or accompanied by shortness of breath
• Pain spreads to your jaw, left arm, or shoulder
• You experience fever, chills, or other signs of infection
• Chest pain is associated with dizziness, nausea, or rapid heartbeat

How can you differentiate between costochondritis and a heart attack? While both conditions can cause chest pain, heart attack pain is typically more severe, may be accompanied by shortness of breath or nausea, and often radiates to the arm or jaw. Costochondritis pain is usually localized and worsens with chest movement or pressure.

Importance of Proper Diagnosis

Given the similarity of symptoms between costochondritis and more serious conditions, it’s essential to obtain a proper diagnosis from a healthcare professional. This ensures appropriate treatment and helps alleviate concerns about potentially life-threatening conditions.

Living with Costochondritis: Coping Strategies and Support

For individuals dealing with costochondritis, especially in cases where symptoms persist for an extended period, developing coping strategies can be beneficial:

• Practice gentle stretching exercises as recommended by a healthcare provider or physical therapist
• Use relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation to manage pain and reduce stress
• Consider joining support groups or online communities for individuals with chronic pain conditions
• Explore complementary therapies like acupuncture or massage, under professional guidance
• Maintain open communication with your healthcare provider about your symptoms and treatment effectiveness

How can you manage costochondritis pain during daily activities? To manage pain during daily activities, try to maintain good posture, avoid movements that exacerbate symptoms, use supportive pillows when resting, and consider using a heating pad or ice pack as needed. It’s also important to pace yourself and take breaks when engaging in physical tasks.

The Role of Physical Therapy

In some cases, physical therapy can be beneficial for individuals with costochondritis. A physical therapist can:

1. Develop a tailored exercise program to improve chest flexibility and strength
2. Teach proper posture and body mechanics to reduce strain on the chest wall
3. Provide manual therapy techniques to alleviate pain and improve mobility
4. Offer guidance on activity modification and ergonomics

Research and Future Directions in Costochondritis Management

While costochondritis is a well-recognized condition, ongoing research aims to improve our understanding and management of the disorder. Areas of current interest include:

• Investigating the potential role of autoimmune processes in some cases of costochondritis
• Exploring new pain management techniques, including targeted nerve blocks
• Studying the effectiveness of alternative therapies in managing chronic costochondritis
• Developing better diagnostic tools to differentiate costochondritis from other causes of chest pain

What new treatments are being explored for costochondritis? Emerging treatments under investigation include platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections, low-level laser therapy, and novel anti-inflammatory medications. However, more research is needed to establish the efficacy and safety of these approaches.

The Importance of Patient Education

Educating patients about costochondritis plays a crucial role in effective management and reducing anxiety associated with chest pain. Key points for patient education include:

1. Understanding the benign nature of the condition in most cases
2. Recognizing the importance of proper diagnosis to rule out more serious conditions
3. Learning self-management techniques for pain relief
4. Understanding when to seek medical attention for new or worsening symptoms
5. Maintaining a balanced approach to activity and rest during recovery

By empowering patients with knowledge about costochondritis, healthcare providers can help improve outcomes and quality of life for those affected by this common but often misunderstood condition.

Costochondritis Information | Mount Sinai

Chest wall pain; Costosternal syndrome; Costosternal chondrodynia; Chest pain – costochondritis

All but your lowest 2 ribs are connected to your breastbone by cartilage. This cartilage can become inflamed and cause pain. This condition is called costochondritis. It is a common cause of chest pain.

The ribs are the skeletal protection for the lungs and the chest cavity. The ribs and rib muscles expand and contract with normal breathing.

Causes

There is often no known cause of costochondritis. But it may be caused by:

• Chest injury
• Hard exercise or heavy lifting
• Viral infections, such as respiratory infections
• Strain from coughing
• Infections after surgery or from IV drug use
• Some types of arthritis

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of costochondritis are pain and tenderness in the chest. You may feel:

• Sharp pain at the front of your chest wall, which may move to your back or stomach
• Increased pain when you take a deep breath or cough
• Tenderness when you press the area where the rib joins the breastbone
• Less pain when you stop moving and breathe quietly

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider will take your medical history and do a physical exam. The area where the ribs meet the breastbone is checked. If this area is tender and sore, costochondritis is the most likely cause of your chest pain.

A chest x-ray may be done if your symptoms are severe or do not improve with treatment.

Your provider may also order tests to rule out other conditions, such as a heart attack.

Treatment

Costochondritis most often goes away on its own in a few days or weeks. It can also take up to a few months. Treatment focuses on relieving the pain.

• Apply hot or cold compresses.
• Avoid activities that make the pain worse.

Pain medicines, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve), may help to ease pain and swelling. You can buy these without a prescription.

• Talk with your provider before using these medicines if you have heart disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, liver disease, or have had stomach ulcers or internal bleeding in the past.
• Take the dose as advised by the provider. Do not take more than the amount recommended on the bottle. Carefully read the warnings on the label before taking any medicine.

You may also take acetaminophen (Tylenol) instead, if your provider tells you it is safe to do so. People with liver disease should not take this medicine.

If your pain is severe, your provider may prescribe stronger pain medicine.

In some cases, your provider may recommend physical therapy.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Costochondritis pain often goes away in a few days or weeks.

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Call 911 or the local emergency number, or go to your local emergency room right away if you have chest pain. The pain of costochondritis can be similar to the pain of a heart attack.

If you have already been diagnosed with costochondritis, contact your provider if you have any of the following symptoms:

• Trouble breathing
• A high fever
• Any signs of infection such as pus, redness, or swelling around your ribs
• Pain that continues or gets worse after taking pain medicine
• Sharp pain with every breath

Prevention

Because the cause is often unknown, there is no known way to prevent costochondritis.

Crasto JA, Vaswani RS, Pauyo T, Musahl V. Overview of sport-specific injuries. In: Miller MD, Thompson SR. eds. DeLee, Drez, & Miller’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 9.

Hanak JA. Tietze syndrome. In: Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 117.

Kurz J. Costosternal syndrome. In: Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD Jr, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Musculoskeletal Disorders, Pain, and Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 101.

Last reviewed on: 10/20/2022

Reviewed by: Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Clinical Professor, Department of Family Medicine, UW Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.

Costochondritis | NHS inform

Costochondritis is the medical term for inflammation of the cartilage that joins your ribs to your breastbone (sternum). This area is known as the costochondral joint.

Cartilage is tough but flexible connective tissue found throughout the body, including in the joints between bones. It acts as a shock absorber, cushioning the joints.

Costochondritis may improve on its own after a few weeks, although it can last for several months or more. The condition doesn’t lead to any permanent problems, but may sometimes relapse.

Tietze’s syndrome

Costochondritis may be confused with a separate condition called Tietze’s syndrome. Both conditions involve inflammation of the costochondral joint and can cause very similar symptoms.

However, Tietze’s syndrome is much less common and often causes chest swelling, which may last after any pain and tenderness has gone.

Costochondritis also tends to affect adults aged 40 or over, whereas Tietze’s syndrome usually affects young adults under 40.

As the conditions are very similar, most of the information below also applies to Tietze’s syndrome.

Signs and symptoms

When the costochondral joint becomes inflamed it can result in sharp chest pain and tenderness, which may develop gradually or start suddenly.

The pain may be made worse by:

• a particular posture – such as lying down
• pressure on your chest – such as wearing a seatbelt or hugging someone
• deep breathing, coughing and sneezing
• physical activity

When to seek medical help

It can be difficult to tell the difference between the chest pain associated with costochondritis and pain caused by more serious conditions, such as a heart attack.

However, a heart attack usually causes more widespread pain and additional symptoms, such as breathlessness, nausea and sweating.

If you, or someone you’re with, experiences sudden chest pain and you think there’s a possibility it could be a heart attack, dial 999 immediately and ask for an ambulance.

If you’ve had chest pain for a while, don’t ignore it. Make an appointment to see your GP so they can investigate the cause.

Causes of costochondritis

Inflammation is the body’s natural response to infection, irritation or injury.

It’s not known exactly why the costochondral joint becomes inflamed, but in some cases it’s been linked to:

• severe coughing – which strains your chest area
• an injury to your chest
• physical strain from repeated exercise or sudden exertion that you’re not used to – such as moving furniture
• an infection – including respiratory tract infections (RTIs) and wound infections
• wear and tear – your chest moves in and out 20 to 30 times a minute, and over time this motion can lead to discomfort in these joints

Diagnosing costochondritis

If you have symptoms of costochondritis, your GP will examine and touch the upper chest area around your costochondral joint. They’ll ask you when and where your pain occurs and look at your recent medical history.

Before a diagnosis can be confirmed, some tests may need to be carried out to rule out other possible causes of your chest pain.

These may include:

• an electrocardiogram (ECG) – which records the rhythms and electrical activity of your heart
• a blood test to check for signs of underlying inflammation
• a chest X-ray

If no other condition is suspected or found, a diagnosis of costrochondritis may be made.

Treating costochondritis

Costochondritis often gets better after a few weeks, but self-help measures and medication can manage the symptoms.

Self-help

Costochondritis can be aggravated by any activity that places stress on your chest area, such as strenuous exercise or even simple movements like reaching up to a high cupboard.

Any activity that makes the pain in your chest area worse should be avoided until the inflammation in your ribs and cartilage has improved.

You may also find it soothing to regularly apply heat to the painful area – for example, using a cloth or flannel that’s been warmed with hot water.

Painkillers

Painkillers, such as paracetamol, can be used to ease mild to moderate pain.

Taking a type of medication called a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) – such as ibuprofen and naproxen – two or three times a day can also help control the pain and swelling. 

Aspirin is also a suitable alternative, but shouldn’t be given to children under 16 years old.

These medications are available from pharmacies without a prescription, but you should make sure you carefully read the instructions that come with them before use.

NSAIDs aren’t suitable for people with certain health conditions, including:

• asthma
• stomach ulcers
• high blood pressure
• kidney or heart problems

Contact your GP if your symptoms get worse despite resting and taking painkillers, as you may benefit from treatment with corticosteroids.  

Corticosteroid injections

Corticosteroids are powerful medicines that can help reduce pain and swelling. They can be injected into and around your costochondral joint to help relieve the symptoms of costochondritis.

Corticosteroid injections may be recommended if your pain is severe, or if NSAIDs are unsuitable or ineffective.

They may be given by your GP, or you may need to be referred to a specialist called a rheumatologist.

Having too many corticosteroid injections can damage your costochondral joint, so you may only be able to have this type of treatment once every few months if you continue to experience pain.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)

TENS is a method of pain relief where a mild electric current is delivered to the affected area using a small, battery-operated device. 

The electrical impulses can reduce the pain signals going to the spinal cord and brain, which may help relieve pain and relax muscles.

They may also stimulate the production of endorphins, which are the body’s natural painkillers.

Although TENS may be used to help relieve pain in a wide range of conditions, it doesn’t work for everyone.

There isn’t enough good-quality scientific evidence to say for sure whether TENS is a reliable method of pain relief. Speak to your GP if you’re considering TENS.

Read more about transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).

Costochondritis – Medical center “Lіko-Med”

Publication date
October 3, 2018

Rubric
Diseases

What is costochondritis?

Costochondritis is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects the ribs and sternum. The inflammatory process causes pain in the chest on one or both sides. Certain diseases can lead to costochondritis, such as arthritis and fibromyalgia, trauma, and a viral or bacterial infection of the respiratory tract. However, the cause of the disease is usually unknown. Costochondritis is considered harmless. Very often it is mistaken for a heart attack. The disease is more common among women than among men. As a rule, the inflammation goes away on its own in a few days or weeks.

What to expect?

The pain of costochondritis can be severe, and the disease is often mistaken for a heart attack or lung disease. The inflammation usually goes away within a few days or weeks on its own. Pain relievers, ice packs, or heat can help relieve pain.

Distribution.

Costochondritis is diagnosed in 14% of adolescents and 30% of adults who complain of chest pain.

Risk factors .

– Belonging to the female sex.

– Over forty years of age.

Treatment.

Treatment of costochondritis includes:

– Applying heat or cold to the affected area.

– Use of anti-inflammatory drugs.

– Avoidance of activities that aggravate pain.

– Corticosteroid injections – for severe pain.

What can you do yourself?

Costochondritis is usually treated at home with anti-inflammatory drugs. It is useful to apply ice or heat to the area of ​​​​inflammation. If this does not help, see a doctor to assess the condition.

What makes it worse?

– Injuries.

– Twisting movements.

– With deep breaths.

– Sleeping on an uncomfortable bed with no pillow or mattress.

When to see a doctor?

See a doctor if:

– you wake up with pain;

– breathing problems;

– fever or signs of infection.

Chest pain that radiates to the left arm, along with sweating, nausea, or general chest pain that is not concentrated in one area, may be a sign of a heart attack and requires emergency care.

What to ask the doctor?

1. How often do I need to have a health check-up?

2. Do I need to have any tests or x-rays?

3. What symptoms should you seek medical attention for?

4. When will the condition improve?

5. What is the long-term prognosis of the disease?

Diagnosis.

Costochondritis is diagnosed based on the patient’s medical history and physical examination.

How to diagnose Tietze’s syndrome – Rheumatology services

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• Diagnosis of Tietze’s syndrome

How to Diagnose Tietze’s Syndrome (Costochondral Syndrome, Costal Chondritis) : Costochondral syndrome is a disease from the group of chondropathy, accompanied by aseptic inflammation of one or more upper costal cartilages in the area of ​​their articulation with the sternum. The initial diagnosis of Tietze’s syndrome will require an X-ray or CT scan of the ribs and a subsequent consultation with a rheumatologist.

Which doctor treats costocartilaginous syndrome: If you have symptoms of Tietze’s syndrome, you should first consult a rheumatologist, based on the results of the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe an additional consultation with an orthopedist.

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Tietze’s syndrome is a rare condition that causes chest pain in the upper ribs. It is a benign disease that mainly affects patients under the age of 40. The exact cause of its occurrence is unknown.

Symptoms of costochondral syndrome

The main symptom of Tietze’s syndrome is chest pain. In this condition, pain is felt around one or more of the 4 upper ribs, especially where the ribs attach to the sternum. In 70-80% of cases, the pain is localized around one rib. Usually only one side of the chest is affected. Inflammation of the cartilage of the affected rib causes pain and swelling. The area may hurt, look swollen, or red. Tietze syndrome pain can:

• come on suddenly or gradually
• be sharp, stabbing, blunt or painful
• vary from weak to strong
• extend to arm, neck and shoulders
• aggravated by exertion, coughing or sneezing.

Causes of Tietze’s syndrome

The exact cause of Tietze’s syndrome is unknown. However, researchers believe that it may be the result of a minor injury to the ribs. Injuries caused:

• severe cough
• violent vomiting
• upper respiratory infections, including sinusitis or laryngitis
• strenuous or repetitive physical activity
• injuries or wounds.

Risk factors

The biggest risk factors for Tietze syndrome are age and possibly season. Tietze’s syndrome mainly affects children and patients under the age of 40. The number of cases is higher in winter and spring. The syndrome develops most often in women, but can also affect men.

How Tietze’s syndrome differs from costochondritis

Tietze’s syndrome and costochondritis cause chest pain around the ribs, but there are important differences:

Diagnosis of costochondrial syndrome

Tietze’s syndrome is difficult to diagnose, especially when it is necessary to distinguish it from the more common costochondritis. During your initial appointment, your doctor will perform an orthopedic examination and ask you about your symptoms. He will prescribe certain tests to rule out other causes and make the correct diagnosis. These include:

• blood test to check for signs of a heart attack or other disease
• Ultrasound to examine ribs for cartilage inflammation
• X-ray of the ribs to detect diseases associated with organs, bones and tissues
• Chest MRI to look more closely at cartilage thickening or inflammation
• CT ribs
• electrocardiogram.

Treatment

General treatment regimen for Tietze’s syndrome:

• rest
• avoidance of strenuous activity
• applying heat to the affected area.

In some cases, the pain resolves on its own without treatment. For relief, the doctor will recommend painkillers. Other possible treatments for ongoing pain and inflammation include steroid injections to reduce swelling, or injections of lidocaine into the affected area to relieve pain. Tietze’s syndrome pain usually improves within a few months. Sometimes the condition improves and then resume. In extreme cases where conservative treatments fail to reduce pain and swelling, surgery is required to remove excess cartilage from the affected ribs.

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Specialization: Therapist, Rheumatologist

Medical experience: since 1989

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Marshal Zakharov

Kozlov Igor Andreevich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2020

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on Marshal Zakharov, SM-Clinic on Vyborgsky

Belousov Evgeny Ivanovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 1990

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Udarnikov

Giniyatov Anvar Rinatovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2017

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Danube

Grebenyuk Mikhail Viktorovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist, Surgeon

Medical experience: since 2006

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Vyborgsky

Danilkin Alexey Valerievich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2006

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Udarnikov, Children’s Clinic No. 17

Panfilov Artem Igorevich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2012

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Marshal Zakharov

Uchurov Igor Fedorovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2009

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Vyborgsky

Angelcheva Tatyana Avramovna

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2015

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Udarnikov

Ilya Antonov

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2015

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Marshal Zakharov

Akhmedov Kazali Muradovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2018

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on Malaya Balkanskaya, SM-Clinic on Danube, CMRT Petrogradsky

Borisova Olga Mikhailovna

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist, Surgeon

Medical experience: since 2007

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Danube

Garifulin Marat Sagitovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2004

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on Danube, SM-Clinic on Malaya Balkanskaya

Dergulev Igor Olegovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2012

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Danube

Zimin Denis Vitalievich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2017

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on Vyborgsky, Clinic TT Life

Islamov Magomedgadzhi Magomedhabibovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2016

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Danube

Kazak Roman Alekseevich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2017

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Malaya Balkanskaya, Trauma Center on Kolomyazhsky

Karapetyan Sergey Vazgenovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2007

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on the Danube, SM-Clinic on Malaya Balkanskaya, Children’s Clinic No. 5, Children’s Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Center. G.A.Albrecht on the Bolshoi Sampsonevsky

Karpushin Andrey Alexandrovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: from 1967 years old

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Danube

Kikaev Adlan Olkhozurovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2016

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Marshal Zakharov, SM-Clinic on Udarnikov

Kolyadin Maxim Alexandrovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2008

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on Danube, SM-Clinic on Malaya Balkanskaya

Kustikov Anton Aleksandrovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist, Surgeon

Medical experience: since 2012

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Marshal Zakharov

Lortkipanidze Ruslan Badrievich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2016

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on the Danube, Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 5 named after. Filatov

Mitin Andrey Viktorovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist, Surgeon, Urologist

Medical experience: since 1999

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on Udarnikov, SM-Clinic on Danube, SM-Clinic on Vyborgsky

Nikitin Alexander Vladimirovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2008

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on the Danube, MC “Dynasty” on Lenin, Reaclinic on Lenin, City Hospital No. 40 of the Kurortny District

Petrov Artem Viktorovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2007

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on the Danube, Research Institute of Emergency Medicine. Janelidze

Popov Evgeny Sergeevich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2001

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Vyborgsky

Urbanovich Sergey Ivanovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2011

Where does the appointment: SM-Clinic on Marshal Zakharov, SM-Clinic on Vyborgsky

Fil Stepan Yurievich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2018

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Vyborgsky

Shikhzagirov Arsen Zagidinovich

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist

Medical experience: since 2003

Where does the reception: SM-Clinic on Malaya Balkanskaya

Author: Viktor Evgenievich Tolnikov

Specialization: Orthopedist, Traumatologist, Sports doctor Harmful

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Literature

1. Gamaley I. A. On the regulatory role of reactive oxygen species in the cell. // Int. conference “Free radical processes: ecological, pharmacological and clinical aspects”, abstracts of reports. St. Petersburg, 1999. – S.767.
2. Atakhanov P.K. Surgical correction of congenital pectus excavatum using multidisciplinary bone xenofixators: Diss. . cand. honey. Sciences. Frunze, 1989. -150 p.
3. Dolnitsky O.V., Dirdovskaya L.N. Congenital deformities of the chest in children. – K .: Health, 1978. – 117p.
4. Zahariu, Z. Keeled deformity of the chest: review and results of orthopedic compression therapy / Z. Zahariu // Medical Bulletin of the North Caucasus. – 2016. Vol. 11. No. 2. – 2016.
5. Kadurina, T.I. Connective tissue dysplasia: hands. for doctors. / T.I.Kadurina, V.N.Gorbunova. – St. Petersburg: ELBI-SPb, 2009. – 702 p.

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