Maintaining a Healthy Weight With Crohn’s Disease

Maintaining a healthy body weight can be a challenge when you have Crohn’s disease.

Although food doesn’t cause the inflammation and tissue damage at the root of Crohn’s disease, people associate eating with flare-ups and often avoid food to prevent further discomfort.

Skipping meals may provide some relief, but the need for nourishment, especially adequate calories, can’t be ignored. Malnutrition and unexplained weight loss are very common in many people with Crohn’s.

For these and other reasons, you should always try to work with a dietitian to create a diet plan that works for you.

Treatment should also include regular monitoring of body weight and other tests, as needed, to determine if you’re experiencing any nutritional deficiencies.

Every person’s needs are different, which is why it’s important to work closely with your healthcare team to create an individualized dietary plan.

When you’re living with Crohn’s, weight loss is common. There are many factors that can cause weight loss. Finding out why is key to finding a solution.

Once you determine why you’re losing weight, chances are good that your healthcare provider or dietitian will be able to assist you in making changes to help keep your weight at a healthy level.

Read on to see if any of these factors may be contributing to your weight loss.

Malabsorption

You may also lose weight because your body doesn’t properly absorb nutrients like proteins, fats, sugars, vitamins, and minerals. This is called malabsorption.

In a person with Crohn’s, malabsorption is usually caused by inflammation in the small intestine, according to the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation.

The degree of malabsorption depends on how many sections of your small intestine are inflamed or have been surgically removed and how large those sections are.

Lower food intake

Lower food intake is a leading cause of weight loss in people with Crohn’s. Loss of appetite, which can stem from Crohn’s symptoms such as stomach aches, bloating, and nausea, is often the reason for eating less.

These symptoms can make it difficult to eat enough food to get sufficient calories and nutrition, especially when you’re tempted to eat less, or not eat at all, to avoid discomfort and flare-ups.

Increased use of energy stores

Even with sufficient caloric intake, weight loss can happen because of the inflammatory process in Crohn’s disease.

Inflammation can lead to increased consumption of the body’s stored energy and a breakdown of body tissues, both of which can lead to weight loss.

Nutrient loss

Some Crohn’s symptoms, such as diarrhea, vomiting, and intestinal bleeding, can divert nutrients from the body.

If these nutrients are not replenished by sufficient food intake, nutrient loss can be a cause of weight loss over time.

Medications

Side effects of some medications prescribed to treat Crohn’s include diarrhea and vomiting. If these side effects become frequent, they can lead to weight loss over time.

This is especially possible with medications in the aminosalicylates and immunomodulators categories.

Diet

You may require extra calories in your diet to counteract the body’s malabsorption or loss of nutrients.

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases advises that changing your diet can help reduce Crohn’s symptoms.

You may need to lessen or even eliminate specific components from your diet that may trigger flare-ups. These might include:

• gluten
• lactose
• fructose
• excess fiber

Be sure to consider any changes or restrictions you make in your diet with your dietitian to make sure you get sufficient nutrition.

Sometimes, people with Crohn’s try to eat too restrictive a diet, which can lead to weight loss and malnutrition.

Poor appetite has long been associated with Crohn’s disease. But once you and your healthcare team discover what’s causing your diminished appetite, much can be done to jump-start it again.

Read on to see what may be causing your low appetite.

Flare-up symptoms

People with Crohn’s disease sometimes experience decreased appetite when flare-ups produce symptoms of nausea, bloating, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Symptoms like these can make you feel less like eating.

Overly restrictive diet

Also, some people with Crohn’s wind up with too limited a diet by attempting to avoid foods that trigger symptoms.

Restricting a diet too much can lead to making eating itself seem like a chore, and appetite dwindles.

Hormone imbalance

Appetite loss may also stem from a hormone imbalance in people with Crohn’s, according to a clinical trial published in the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

This imbalance is thought to involve the enteroendocrine (EEC) cells in the bowel, which act as sensors to relay nutrient information to the brain, which then determines appetite.

People with active Crohn’s disease have an increased number of EEC cells, and more cells means more hormones are released.

Though more information is needed to understand exactly how the process works, research shows that this may increase the gut signals to the brain to decrease appetite.

Mental health conditions

Some mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress can also decrease appetite. These conditions are more common among those with Crohn’s and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) than in the general population.

Be sure to contact your healthcare provider if you think your loss of appetite may be related to an emotional or mental health condition.

Choosing the right foods to maintain a healthy weight can seem like walking a tightrope. Having Crohn’s often means you don’t want to eat foods that trigger symptoms, but on the other hand, you don’t want to risk malnutrition.

Together with your healthcare team, you can develop a plan for you to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. Strategies vary, and there are many tools you can use.

Keep a food journal

Probably the first suggestion will be for you to keep a food journal. Here’s where you record what you eat and any symptoms you experience. It lets you and your dietitian see over time what works and what doesn’t.

Your dietitian can help you use your journal to develop an optimal diet that may alleviate symptoms, help you maintain a healthy body weight, and help prolong disease remission.

Consider the variables

There is no one-size-fits-all diet for Crohn’s. You should consider many variables when developing a diet plan.

For example, you’ll want to take into consideration your current symptoms and whether you’re in the midst of a flare or a remission.

The location of your Crohn’s, whether or not you have strictures, and any prior surgeries are all important, too.

Also, you may want to be tested for nutritional deficiencies and take steps to remedy these, if any, in your diet plan.

Develop your optimal diet plan

Talk to your doctor if you’re concerned about your weight or if you feel like your diet is too limited. They can recommend a nutritionist who will help you create a personalized diet plan.

Here are some general guidelines for an optimal diet plan:

• Drink plenty of water throughout the day (in relatively small portions).
• Eat small portions regularly throughout the day.
• Minimize or eliminate foods that are high in fiber, including beans, nuts, seeds, raw vegetables, and popcorn.
• Avoid fatty foods, including fried foods, and heavy cream or butter-laden sauces.
• People who are lactose intolerant should avoid dairy or choose products that have relatively little lactose, such as hard cheeses.
• Take supplements your healthcare provider recommends to store up key nutrients, such as calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folic acid.
• If you know from experience that certain foods are likely to cause gas, put them on your “foods to avoid” list. Likely culprits include spicy foods, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, beans, and fruit juices. Citrus fruits may be especially problematic.

Consider enteral nutrition therapy

One approach your healthcare provider may recommend for treating Crohn’s disease, which may help restore your weight as well, is enteral nutrition.

This involves introducing a liquid nutrient formula directly into the stomach or intestines using a tube that’s threaded through a nostril.

There are other routes of ingestion including a surgically placed gastrostomy tube that enters directly into the stomach or a jejunostomy tube that enters directly into the stomach and then into the intestines.

Medications may help

Doctors have numerous weapons in their arsenal to fight Crohn’s disease that may help you achieve and remain at a healthy weight.

Powerful drugs to decrease inflammation may allow some people to go into remission. Examples include aminosalicylates and corticosteroids.

Others may benefit from drugs such as immunomodulators, antibiotics, or the newest class of drugs called biologic therapies.

Weight loss is common among people with Crohn’s from the time of diagnosis through the course of the disease.

According to a study in the journal Gastroenterology Study and Practice, 57 percent of people with Crohn’s report significant weight loss at diagnosis. This is especially true of younger adults and children.

Weight loss often continues with active Crohn’s. You might find yourself facing the challenge of maintaining a healthy weight in the midst of symptoms like:

• poor appetite
• food intolerances
• malabsorption
• nutrient loss through diarrhea or bleeding
• nausea and abdominal pain

One recent review of research shows that between 75 and 85 percent of people with Crohn’s experience significant weight loss, especially during the condition’s active phases.

Weight loss in Crohn’s is often accompanied by malnutrition, especially in children, according to guidelines from the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. This has been known to delay growth and the onset of puberty.

Can you be overweight with Crohn’s?

Low body weight is a common feature of Crohn’s disease, and people with the condition often struggle to maintain a healthy body weight.

However, research shows that there are also many people with Crohn’s disease who are overweight or have obesity.

People with Crohn’s are not necessarily excluded from the increase in the number of people who have obesity in the United States.

One research review found that about 72 percent of people with IBD were overweight and approximately 32 percent had obesity. Crohn’s figures were slightly less, with 63 percent being overweight, and 27 percent having obesity.

The study points out that previously held beliefs about people with IBD being underweight may no longer be accurate.

People with Crohn’s may now be overweight, underweight, or at their healthy weight, which makes diagnosis and treatment more complex.

Even if you’re overweight or have obesity, you can still experience malnutrition associated with significant weight loss. This is why healthcare providers generally advise seeing your medical team about any significant or continual weight loss.

When you’re dealing with an unpredictable and fluctuating condition like Crohn’s, your healthcare team can serve as a stable anchor.

You’ll want to stay in close touch with them and never hesitate to reach out if symptoms are worrisome or you need advice.

Read on to find out when during the course of your Crohn’s you’ll want to contact a healthcare provider.

Diagnosis

If you think you have symptoms of Crohn’s disease, it’s important that you see a doctor as soon as possible for a diagnosis and treatment plan.

There’s no single test for Crohn’s. Your healthcare provider will probably diagnose Crohn’s only after ruling out other possible causes for your symptoms.

Your diagnosis of Crohn’s will probably involve a general physical, plus some of the following tests:

• blood tests
• imaging scans, such as MRIs and CT scans
• scoping procedures, such as endoscopy and colonoscopy
• biopsy

Sudden or severe symptoms

During the course of your Crohn’s diagnosis, sudden or severe symptoms may arise that you don’t think are emergencies, but you’re concerned. A phone call or email to your healthcare team will probably be sufficient.

These types of symptoms, especially if sudden or severe, might include:

• nausea
• headache
• body rash
• reaction to medication

Medical emergencies

Then there are medical emergencies when you should contact your doctor immediately or go to an emergency treatment center. Symptoms might include:

• high temperature
• severe pain in your abdomen (lasting more than 1 hour)
• rectal bleeding, either significant or new
• persistent vomiting (especially with stoppage of bowel movements)
• significant changes in bowel movements (especially without any passing of gas)

Maintaining a healthy weight with Crohn’s can be challenging. Whether you’re underweight, at your healthy weight, or overweight, any sudden, significant, or sustained unexplained weight loss is a signal to contact your healthcare provider.

Medical professionals and dietitians are your allies in developing treatment and dietary plans to help you achieve and maintain a healthy weight. There are a wide variety of treatments and eating plans to try.

You can also eat different foods at different times.

During a flare-up, you might not be able to eat everything you know you should. But there may be good substitute foods to eat at the time, like a nutritional drink. Check with your healthcare provider about your options.

It’s important to keep the big picture in view when living with Crohn’s. You know the flare-up you’re experiencing will subside, and you’ll be able to eat regularly again. You know there are many options to try to treat your symptoms.

Worried About Weight Loss With Crohn’s Disease?

If you have Crohn’s disease, you might also be dealing with unwanted weight loss. It’s a common symptom that can lead to other health complications, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

For some people with Crohn’s disease, the side effects of medication or symptoms of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as nausea and abdominal pain, can trigger a loss of appetite; others can lose weight if they avoid certain foods that can cause gastrointestinal distress.

People with Crohn’s disease can also have trouble digesting food and absorbing its nutrients, especially if they are experiencing inflammation in the small intestine, according to the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. Inflammation in the large intestine can trigger problems absorbing water and electrolytes.

This can lead to malabsorption, another possible culprit of weight loss, says Shawn Khodadadian, MD, a gastroenterologist at Manhattan Gastroenterology in New York and a board-certified physician nutrition specialist.

No matter the cause, it’s always important to tell the doctor about unintentional weight loss, so they can identify the culprit and address it.

Why Weight Loss With Crohn’s Disease Is a Concern

If you have Crohn’s disease and are losing weight rapidly, your body is at risk of not getting the nutrition it needs to function properly, Dr. Khodadadian says. Malnutrition affects 20 to 85 percent of people with IBD, according to a study published in 2020 in the journal Nutrients. It’s important to eat enough calories and nutrients, such as protein, to maintain a healthy weight and heal during times of stress, according to the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. If you’ve lost weight, the organization suggests adding 250 to 500 calories a day to your diet and talking to your doctor.

The amount of weight lost, the time frame involved, and the reason behind the loss will determine the level of concern, says Khodadadian. Some complications of malnutrition, he says, include decreased bone health (and increased risk of fractures), a weakened immune system, poor wound healing, and higher rates of infection. When severe, weight loss can cause hospitalization or even death.

Get Back to a Healthy Weight With Crohn’s Disease

To return to a healthy body weight, it’s important to work closely with your doctor, who should routinely monitor your Crohn’s disease and prescribe a different medication if your current one isn’t working. Importantly, reducing disease activity and calming inflammation through treatment can help your body recover and put you on a path to regaining weight, Khodadadian says.

Here are some strategies for maintaining a healthy weight with Crohn’s disease.

Track your meals and snacks. Keeping a daily food diary, with calorie counts and weight monitoring, can help determine if your weight loss is linked to changes in your diet. It’s especially important during a flare, so you can make sure you’re eating enough. “People with Crohn’s disease may have flares with periods of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bleeding, and it’s important to remember that adequate calories and nutritional intake are even more essential when the inflammation is worse,” Khodadadian says. Try to eat small, frequent meals and increase your fluid intake.

Identify problem foods. You may find that certain foods add to your discomfort. If a particular food causes digestive problems, you can try to avoid it or minimize it in your diet. But this should always be done with the help of your doctor and a dietitian, to ensure you aren’t missing out on any important nutrients, according to the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation.

Don’t expect immediate results. You should take it slow as you attempt to return to a healthy body weight, says Karen Langston, a nutritionist who specializes in digestive health, because Crohn’s disease already puts a lot of stress on your body. “Although you’re taking in nutrients, the weight may not come back on right away, because there’s repair work happening,” she says. “At first, the body is going to build itself back up — its muscles, hormones, and cells. Then the weight will start to return gradually.”

Choose the right foods. The Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation tells people with IBD symptoms to eat smaller, more frequent meals and cut back on greasy or fried foods. Easier-to-digest vegetables and fruits to try include well-cooked asparagus, potatoes, applesauce, and melons. The organization recommends sticking to soft, fleshy fruits and avoiding the skins and seeds.

You may also need to up your intake of protein during a flare or when recovering from a bout of inflammation, according to the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. They suggest eating animal proteins, such as beef, pork, eggs, and fish, such as tuna, which is a good source of healthy omega-3 fatty acids.

Managing the Emotional Toll of Crohn’s Disease Weight Loss

Although its primary effects are physical, Crohn’s can carry emotional baggage, too. Many people don’t understand the disease and make comments that are hurtful or frustrating, says Frank J. Sileo, PhD, a psychologist in Ridgewood, New Jersey. Dr. Sileo, who has Crohn’s disease himself, has heard statements ranging from “You’re so thin. You need to put a little meat on your bones” to “I wish I had Crohn’s disease, so I could lose weight.”

“My approach to these kinds of comments is to educate and use humor,” Sileo says. “I might say, ‘This darn Crohn’s disease keeps getting in the way’ or ‘You can have the diarrhea, joint pain, nausea, fever, and chills with that weight loss, too.’” And if anyone tries to attribute your weight loss to an eating disorder, he suggests explaining that Crohn’s disease isn’t an eating disorder or due to stress, but rather a form of IBD that requires medical attention.

It also might help to talk about your feelings. Sileo recommends contacting the Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation to find a support group in your area. A mental health professional who specializes in coping with chronic illness can also be helpful as you navigate the emotions often associated with Crohn’s disease, he says.

Crohn’s disease in adults and children

Crohn’s disease is classified into five types depending on the location and degree of inflammation: ileocolitis, ileitis, gastroduodenal Crohn’s disease, ileoileitis and Crohn’s colitis. Each type presents with different symptoms and requires different treatment approaches.

Causes and risk factors

The exact cause of Crohn’s disease remains unclear, but is thought to result from an abnormal reaction of the immune system. Genetics, environmental influences, and certain lifestyle habits, such as smoking, have been associated with an increased risk of developing the disease.

Symptoms

Crohn’s disease can present with a variety of symptoms that can range from mild to severe and are often intermittent. These may include:

• Abdominal pain: This is often one of the first signs, and the pain is usually felt in the right lower abdomen.
• Diarrhea: Many people with Crohn’s disease experience frequent bouts of diarrhea that may be watery or semi-formed.
• Fever: Fever may indicate an active inflammatory process or a complication such as an abscess.
• Weight loss: This may be due to decreased appetite or malabsorption of nutrients from an inflamed intestine.
• Bloating: This may be the result of inflammation and intestinal obstruction.
• Pain in the anus during bowel movements: This is often associated with anal fissures or abscesses.
• Perianal skin lesions: These may be skin marks, hemorrhoids or fistulas.
• Rectal abscesses: These pus-filled cavities near the anus can be a painful complication of Crohn’s disease.
• Anal fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus can cause pain and bleeding.
• Joint pain: This is a common extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn’s disease.

Complications of Crohn’s disease

Left untreated, Crohn’s disease can lead to serious complications such as intestinal obstruction, abscesses, anal fissures, ulcers, fistulas and malnutrition due to impaired digestion and absorption of food.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically includes a comprehensive symptom analysis, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging, and endoscopic procedures. As specialists in coloproctology, we use the most advanced diagnostic tools, including colonoscopy and computed tomography, to make an accurate diagnosis and develop a treatment plan for each patient.

Treatment options

Initial treatment for Crohn’s disease is usually conservative (non-surgical) to reduce inflammation, maintain nutritional balance, and relieve symptoms. It is important to note that there is no universal treatment – therapy is selected depending on the severity of the disease, its localization and the general health of the patient.

Medications are often the first line of treatment. Anti-inflammatory drugs and corticosteroids such as prednisolone and methylprednisolone are commonly used to control inflammation and relieve symptoms. Immunosuppressive drugs such as 6-mercaptopurine and azathioprine are often used to control an overactive immune response.

For patients with perianal manifestations, metronidazole, an antibiotic that acts on the immune system, often provides significant relief. These drugs are aimed at stopping the progression of the disease, preventing complications and improving the quality of life.

More advanced and complex cases may require surgery. Emergency surgery may be required to treat severe complications such as acute ileus, bowel perforation, or significant bleeding. In less urgent cases, surgery may be indicated for treatment-resistant disease or complications such as abscess formation, intestinal fistulas (abnormal connections between different parts of the gastrointestinal tract), or severe lesions of the perianal region.

However, it is important to remember that not all patients with complicated Crohn’s disease will need surgery. The decision to proceed with surgery should be made in consultation with a gastroenterologist and colorectal surgeon, who can carefully assess the situation and advise on the best course of action.

KKMC has a team of experienced proctologists and colorectal surgeons who work closely together to develop the most effective and patient-centered treatment plans. We strive to treat Crohn’s disease in such a way that our patients can lead normal and fulfilling lives.

Living with Crohn’s disease

Although life with Crohn’s disease can be difficult, proper care and support can enable people to lead fulfilling lives. Our team is available to provide guidance and assistance, including dietary advice, exercise advice, stress management techniques, and medication compliance.

Book an appointment

If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms suggestive of Crohn’s disease, we encourage you to contact us. Schedule a consultation with our Coloproctology Specialists for a comprehensive assessment and effective treatment plan. It is extremely important not to ignore the symptoms, as early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve quality of life and reduce complications.

Remember that Crohn’s disease is a chronic disease, but it is not a death sentence and is treatable with proper care and lifestyle changes. Feel free to contact us, we are ready to help you every step of the way. Your well-being is our business.

Symptoms and Treatment in Adults – How to Detect and Manage This Disease

Content

• 1 Crohn’s Disease: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment in Adults
  • 1. 1 Crohn’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatment in Adults
    • 1.1.1 Symptoms of Crohn’s disease
    • 1.1.2 Treatment of Crohn’s disease
  • 1.2 What is Crohn’s disease?
  • 1.3 Causes of Crohn’s disease
  • 1.4 Symptoms of Crohn’s disease
  • 1.5 Diagnosis of Crohn’s disease
    • 1.5.1 History and physical examination
    • 1.5.2 Laboratory tests

    900 21 1.5.3 Instrumental tests

    • 1.5.4 Additional tests
  • 1.6 Prevention of Crohn’s disease
  • 1.7 Treatment of Crohn’s disease
    • 1.7.1 Drug therapy
    • 1.7.2 Surgery
    • 1.7.3 Diet
    • 1.7.4 Alternative treatments

    90 024

  • 1.8 Medicines for Crohn’s disease
    • 1.8.1 Aminosalicylates
    • 1.8.2 Glucocorticosteroids
    • 1.8.3 Immunomodulators
  • 1.9 Crohn’s disease diet
    • 1.9.1 Diet basics

    90 021 1.9.2 Recommended products

    • 1.9.3 Prohibited foods
  • 1. 10 Surgery for Crohn’s disease
  • 1.11 Complications of Crohn’s disease
  • 1.12 How to manage Crohn’s disease
  • 1.1 3 Related videos:
  • 1.14 Q&A:
    • • 1.14. 0.1 What is Crohn’s disease?
      • 1.14.0.2 What are the causes of Crohn’s disease?
      • 1.14.0.3 What are the main symptoms of Crohn’s disease?
      • 1.14.0.4 What is the diagnosis of suspected Crohn’s disease?
      • 1.14.0.5 What are the treatments for Crohn’s disease?
      • 1.14.0.6 Can Crohn’s disease lead to complications?

Learn about the symptoms and treatment of Crohn’s disease in adults: how to recognize and treat this chronic bowel disease that adversely affects the health and quality of life of patients.

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive system from mouth to anus. It is often diagnosed in young adults, causes characteristic symptoms and requires long-term and high-quality treatment.

The main symptom of Crohn’s disease is abdominal pain, which can worsen over time and be accompanied by diarrhea, bloody discharge and the need to go to the toilet. Patients may also experience problems with digestion, appetite, and may experience fatigue, weight loss, and other symptoms.

Although Crohn’s disease is a chronic disease that cannot be completely cured, there are effective treatments that can help improve a patient’s quality of life and manage symptoms. Treatment usually consists of medications to control inflammation, fight infections, and improve digestive health. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

If you have symptoms of Crohn’s disease, don’t put off seeing your doctor. Correct diagnosis and timely treatment will help to avoid possible complications and reduce the risk of developing chronic forms of the disease.

Crohn’s Disease: Symptoms and Treatment in Adults

Symptoms of Crohn’s Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the bowel. It is characterized by severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody stools, as well as fatigue and weight loss.

Other symptoms may include bloating, nausea, vomiting, frequent urination problems, and poor appetite. In addition, some patients develop general health problems such as rashes and itching on the skin, fatigue and fever.

Treatment for Crohn’s disease

There is currently no cure for Crohn’s disease, but there are many drugs that can help control the symptoms of the disease.

In addition, dietary management is a key element in the management of Crohn’s disease. Patients with this disease are advised to choose foods rich in protein and low in fat, and avoid those foods that can lead to an exacerbation of the disease. You can also include green vegetables, fruits, chicken, turkey, and fish in your diet.

All approaches to the treatment of Crohn’s disease must be determined on an individual basis. It is important to discuss with your doctor all the problems with the disease and choose the most effective treatment.

What is Crohn’s disease?

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the digestive system, from the mouth to the intestinal tract. Crohn’s disease can present with a variety of symptoms, depending on the area of ​​the intestine that is affected. Also, Crohn’s disease is recurrent, that is, periodically recurring.

Crohn’s disease is believed to be caused by a disorder in the immune system, in which it directs its forces to destroy beneficial bacteria in the gut instead of attacking infections. If beneficial bacteria are destroyed, the intestines begin to perceive food as a hostile object, which leads to inflammation and destruction of the intestinal walls.

• Symptoms of Crohn’s disease

The symptoms of Crohn’s disease can vary and depend on the part of the intestine that is affected. However, the most common symptoms are:

1. Abdominal pain. There may be both simple pains and spasms. They usually occur after eating and may get worse over time.
2. Diarrhea. It can be both copious and small and may be accompanied by discharge of blood, mucus and pus.
3. Weight loss. It can be both very noticeable and insignificant, but in any case it requires attention.
4. Fatigue and weakness. It can arise from constant pain, or just like that.

Causes of Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the bowel. The causes of this disease are not fully understood, but there are several factors that can contribute to its occurrence.

• Heredity. If close relatives have had cases of Crohn’s disease, the likelihood of its occurrence in a person increases by several percent.
• Immune system disorder. In Crohn’s disease, the immune system begins to attack the intestines, mistaking it for an enemy object.
• Smoking. Smoking is one of the main causes of Crohn’s disease. Those who smoke are more likely to develop ulcers and other complications.
• The need to restore the intestinal microflora. The onset of Crohn’s disease may be due to an imbalance between good and bad bacteria in the gut.

Crohn’s disease can appear at any age, but is most often diagnosed in young people aged 15 to 35 years. Monitoring your health, regular examinations and doctor’s treatment – this is what will help to avoid the development and progression of this unpleasant disease.

Symptoms of Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the rectum. In adult patients, the following symptoms of Crohn’s disease are not uncommon:

• abdominal pain: it may occur in the middle of the abdomen or just above the navel, often after eating;
• diarrhea: often bloody, slimy and contains undigested pieces of food;
• heartburn and belching: these symptoms are due to retention of the food coma in the stomach and esophagus;
• fatigue and weakness: often associated with significant blood loss through the affected area of ​​the digestive tract or concomitant diseases;
• weight loss: due to indigestion and loss of appetite;
• hair loss: may be one of the accompanying symptoms of Crohn’s disease, when it has led to a decrease in the nutritional value of the overall body weight.

The disease can be manifested by many years of remission and relapses, which occur under a variety of internal or external factors. It is important to note that the symptoms of Crohn’s disease for each patient are individual and appear in varying degrees of severity. Therefore, at the first suspicion of the presence of this disease, it is advisable to consult a gastroenterologist and undergo an appropriate examination.

Diagnosis of Crohn’s disease

History and physical examination

Diagnosis of Crohn’s disease begins with symptoms, which are often subtle and may be specific or nonspecific. These symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, stool leakage, blood in stool, weight loss, and rectal problems. A physical examination may reveal obvious symptoms such as abdominal tenderness and lymphatic nodes.

Laboratory tests

Blood may be tested for anemia, detection of elevated levels of C-reactive protein and red blood cells in the stool. A high level of these indicators indicates an inflammatory process in the intestine and confirms the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease.

Instrumental examinations

For more accurate diagnosis, treatment, planning and prognosis of the disease, additional instrumental examinations such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy, transabdominal ultrasonography or computed tomography may be extended. In addition, a small sample of tissue may be taken for a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease and rule out other diseases.

Additional tests

Additional tests include functional exploratory endoscopy, which evaluates bowel function, and light therapy sensitivity tests, which can help identify tissue sensitivity to various treatments.

Prevention of Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic disease that causes inflammation of the intestines and can lead to serious consequences, including the development of colon cancer. Unfortunately, the exact causes of this disease are unknown, so prevention is not possible. However, there are factors that can affect its risk and even help prevent it.

• Healthy lifestyle . Maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes proper nutrition, regular physical activity and stress management. This will help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases.
• Avoid smoking . Smoking increases your risk of developing Crohn’s disease, so one of the most important steps you can take to prevent it is to stop smoking.
• Control your medication . Certain medications, such as antibiotics, can lead to Crohn’s disease. Therefore, if you already have a predisposition to this disease, it is important to discuss all planned drugs with your doctor in a timely manner.
• Screen . If you have a genetic predisposition to Crohn’s disease or are at risk for other factors, including age, patients with similar diseases in the family, and others, then screening studies will detect early signs of the disease and start treatment on time.

Treatment of Crohn’s disease

Drug therapy

Treatment of Crohn’s disease involves the use of various drugs, one of which is anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs help to reduce the inflammatory process in the intestines and reduce the symptoms of the disease. In addition, immunosuppressants, glucocorticosteroids, and antibiotics may be used.

Surgery

If Crohn’s disease is severe and medical treatment fails, surgery may be required. The operation consists in removing the affected area of ​​the intestine or creating an artificial anus. Surgical treatment can eliminate the cause of the disease and significantly improve the patient’s quality of life.

Diet

Diet plays an important role in the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Patients are advised to follow a diet that avoids aggravating foods. The diet should consist of easily digestible foods rich in proteins and vitamins. In addition, it is important to drink enough fluids.

Alternative treatments

A number of patients seek alternative treatments for Crohn’s disease. Some of them can help reduce symptoms and improve the general condition of the patient. This may include using herbal teas, taking nutritional supplements, and acupuncture. However, before using any of these methods, you should consult your doctor.

Drugs for the treatment of Crohn’s disease

Aminosalicylates

One of the treatments for Crohn’s disease is the use of aminosalicylates. This is a group of drugs that include 5-ACA (mesalazine, balsalazide, etc.). These medicines can eliminate inflammation in the intestines, reduce the symptoms of the disease and improve the quality of life of the patient.

• Mesalazine is a medicine used to treat Crohn’s disease. This drug acts directly on the intestinal mucosa, providing an anti-inflammatory effect.
• Balsalazid is a drug that contains 5-ASA. It is effective in treating inflammatory bowel disease and may reduce the number of exacerbations of Crohn’s disease.

Glucocorticosteroids

Another treatment for Crohn’s disease is the use of glucocorticosteroids. These are medicines that act on inflammation and can reduce symptoms of the disease, such as abdominal pain and diarrhea.

• Prednisolone is a glucocorticosteroid used to treat intestinal inflammation in Crohn’s disease. Prednisone may be an effective drug for temporarily improving the patient’s condition.
• Betamethasone is another glucocorticosteroid that may be used to treat Crohn’s disease. It can quickly reduce inflammation in the intestines and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Immunomodulators

Immunomodulators are drugs that can affect the body’s immune system. They can be used to reduce inflammation in the intestines, reduce the frequency of flare-ups, and improve the effectiveness of other medications.

• Azathioprine is a medicine that can be used to treat Crohn’s disease. It can reduce inflammation in the gut, reduce overall disease activity, and reduce the frequency of flare-ups.
• Infliximab is an immunomodulator that can be used to treat Crohn’s disease. It can reduce inflammation in the intestines and improve the patient’s quality of life.

Crohn’s disease diet

Diet basics

It is very important for people with Crohn’s disease to watch their diet. Each body reacts differently to different foods, so there is no one-size-fits-all diet for Crohn’s disease. However, there are basic rules that will help you cope with this disease:

• Avoid spicy, fried and fatty foods – these foods irritate the intestinal mucosa and can exacerbate the disease.
• Reduce milk and dairy products, as many people with Crohn’s disease are lactose intolerant.
• Eat meals in portions and in small portions for less stress on the body and stomach.
• Crush food into small pieces, because such products are better processed.
• Drink more fluids, because frequent exacerbations of Crohn’s disease are accompanied by dehydration.

Recommended Foods

Although each person is different, there are several foods that anyone with Crohn’s disease can benefit from:

• Lean meats and fish.
• Water porridge (buckwheat, oatmeal).
• Cooked fruits and vegetables (stewed or boiled).
• Natural yoghurts and kefirs rich in live bacteria.
• Nuts and dried fruits.

Prohibited foods

There are also foods that should be excluded from the diet in Crohn’s disease:

1. Spicy, fatty or fried foods.
2. Canned and semi-finished products containing artificial additives.
3. Sausages and smoked products.
4. Dairy products with high fat content.
5. Sweets and pastries.

Surgery for Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can present with a variety of symptoms. Surgical treatment of this disease may be necessary in cases where conservative therapy does not give the desired effect, or in case of complications.

Surgery for Crohn’s disease is not a treatment that can be applied to every patient. The operation is prescribed only after a thorough examination and evaluation of indications and contraindications. In most patients, after the operation, the state of health improves, but it is necessary to undergo regular examinations and monitor their health.

Comprehensive treatment of Crohn’s disease, including both drug therapy and surgery, gives the best results. Therefore, if you are faced with a similar problem, seek qualified help from doctors.

Complications of Crohn’s disease

Bowel strictures

One of the most common complications of Crohn’s disease is strictures, when the bowel becomes narrow and restricted. This can lead to a number of problems, including frequent constipation and painful gas. Surgical methods, such as bowel resection or anastomoses, may be used to treat strictures.

Fistulas

Another complication of Crohn’s disease is fistulas, which are small holes in the intestines that can lead to a distortion of the overall metabolic process. Fistulas can lead to excessive gas production and frequent blockages in the intestines, which may require surgical treatment in the acute stage.

Intestinal bleeding

Intestinal bleeding is a serious and common complication of Crohn’s disease. This is caused by impaired blood supply and inflammation of the outer wall of the intestine. Symptoms of bleeding typically include blood in the stool and episodes of abdominal pain. Various methods can be used to treat bleeding, including medication and surgical correction.

Anal fissures

Anal fissures may be a complication of Crohn’s disease in patients with rectal involvement. They can cause painful unctus, hemorrhoids, and even infection. Treatment for fissures may include medical treatment, such as medicated suppositories, as well as a surgical approach, including strong corticosteroids to reduce inflammation.

Generalized sepsis

Although generalized sepsis is a rare complication of Crohn’s disease, it can occur in some cases. This happens when the infection spreads to other parts of the body, such as the lungs or blood. Symptoms may include fever, heartburn, nausea, and abdominal pain. Treatment for generalized sepsis includes hospitalization and urgent intensive care, including the use of antibiotics to fight the infection.

Conclusion

Complications of Crohn’s disease can be serious and often require surgical treatment. You should visit your doctor regularly and monitor your symptoms to avoid complications and improve your quality of life.

How to manage Crohn’s disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any part of the bowel. Symptoms can be very unpleasant, such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and others. Living with such a disease is quite difficult, but there are some tips that will help alleviate its manifestations.

• Proper nutrition. It is very important for people with Crohn’s disease to watch their diet. Some foods can worsen the condition, so it is recommended to exclude them from the diet. It is important to consume plenty of water and nutrients to keep your body in good shape.
• Follow the treatment. Crohn’s disease requires a serious approach to treatment. In most cases, patients are prescribed medications that help reduce inflammation. You can not stop taking medication yourself, if you do this, then the risk of relapse is very high.
• Monitor your mental state. Crohn’s disease can have a great impact on the psychological state of the patient. It is important to learn to control your emotions and get rid of stressful situations, as they can lead to an exacerbation of the disease.
• Maintain an active lifestyle. Exercise can help you cope with stress, improve your mood and keep your body in good shape. In addition, exercise helps to improve intestinal motility, which can reduce the symptoms of the disease.

Crohn’s disease is a serious disease, but if you follow all the doctor’s recommendations and take care of your health, you can cope with it and live a full life.

Related videos:

Q&A:

What is Crohn’s disease?

Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterized by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, fatigue, and weight loss.

What are the causes of Crohn’s disease?

The exact causes of Crohn’s disease are unknown, but research suggests that genetics, the environment and the immune system may play a role in its development.

What are the main symptoms of Crohn’s disease?

The main symptoms of Crohn’s disease are abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool, weight loss, fatigue, anemia and loss of appetite.

What is the diagnosis for suspected Crohn’s disease?

Colonoscopy or endoscopy is used to diagnose Crohn’s disease, in which the doctor may take tissue samples for further analysis. Blood tests and x-rays may also be ordered.

What are the treatments for Crohn’s disease?

Treatment for Crohn’s disease may include medication, dietary changes, surgery, and lifestyle changes. Medications such as antibiotics, crotonol, or immune suppression can help control symptoms and prevent flare-ups. Surgery may be necessary in severe cases where other methods have proven ineffective.

Can Crohn’s disease lead to complications?

Yes, Crohn’s disease can lead to complications such as periodontitis nodosum, extraintestinal disease, and even bowel cancer.