What is a cystoscopy. How is it performed. What are the potential risks and complications. When should you call the doctor after a cystoscopy. How to prepare for this urinary tract examination.

What is a Cystoscopy and Why is it Performed?

A cystoscopy is a medical procedure that allows healthcare providers to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. This diagnostic tool is crucial for identifying and treating various urinary tract issues.

The procedure involves using a cystoscope, which is a thin, tube-like instrument equipped with a light and camera or viewing lens. It’s approximately the size of a pencil and is inserted through the urethra to reach the bladder.

Urologists, specialists in urinary tract health, typically perform cystoscopies for several reasons:

• To diagnose urinary tract problems
• To investigate symptoms such as blood in urine, frequent urinary tract infections, or pelvic pain
• To treat certain urinary tract conditions
• To perform biopsies of suspicious tissues

Common Reasons for Recommending a Cystoscopy

Healthcare providers may suggest a cystoscopy if a patient experiences:

• Frequent urinary tract infections
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Incontinence or overactive bladder
• Painful urination
• Unusual cells found in a urine sample
• Pelvic pain

Diagnostic Capabilities of Cystoscopy

A cystoscopy can help diagnose various conditions, including:

• Bladder cancer
• Bladder stones
• Bladder inflammation (cystitis)
• Enlarged prostate
• Urethral strictures
• Structural abnormalities in the urinary tract

Types of Cystoscopes and Their Uses

There are two main types of cystoscopes used in medical procedures:

1. Rigid Cystoscopes: These do not bend and are typically used when the doctor needs to pass instruments through the tube for procedures like biopsies or tumor removal.
2. Flexible Cystoscopes: These can bend and are often used for diagnostic examinations of the bladder and urethra.

The choice between rigid and flexible cystoscopes depends on the specific procedure and the patient’s needs. Flexible cystoscopes are generally more comfortable for the patient and allow for easier navigation of the urinary tract.

Preparing for a Cystoscopy: What Patients Need to Know

Proper preparation is key to ensuring a smooth and effective cystoscopy procedure. Here are some important steps patients should take:

• Provide a urine sample on the day of the procedure to check for urinary tract infections
• Empty the bladder immediately before the procedure
• Bring an updated list of all medications and supplements
• Consult with the doctor about stopping blood-thinning medications
• Inform the healthcare provider about any possibility of pregnancy
• Follow specific instructions regarding food and drink intake, especially if sedation or general anesthesia will be used

Is fasting required before a cystoscopy? It depends on the type of anesthesia used. For procedures using local anesthesia or numbing gel, fasting is typically not necessary. However, if sedation or general anesthesia is planned, patients may need to avoid eating or drinking for several hours before the procedure.

The Cystoscopy Procedure: Step-by-Step Breakdown

Understanding what happens during a cystoscopy can help alleviate anxiety and prepare patients for the experience. Here’s a detailed look at the procedure:

1. The patient is positioned on an exam table, often with their feet in stirrups.
2. The genital area is cleaned and draped to maintain sterility.
3. A numbing gel is applied to the urethra to minimize discomfort.
4. The lubricated cystoscope is carefully inserted through the urethra and into the bladder.
5. Sterile water or saline is injected through the cystoscope to expand the bladder, allowing for better visibility.
6. The doctor examines the lining of the urethra and bladder using the cystoscope’s camera or lens.
7. If necessary, small instruments may be passed through the cystoscope to take tissue samples or perform treatments.
8. Once the examination or procedure is complete, the fluid is drained from the bladder.
9. The cystoscope is gently removed.

How long does a cystoscopy typically take? A diagnostic cystoscopy usually lasts about 5-10 minutes. However, if biopsies or treatments are performed, the procedure may take longer, potentially up to 30 minutes or more.

Managing Discomfort During and After the Procedure

While a cystoscopy can cause some discomfort, several measures are taken to minimize pain and ensure patient comfort:

• Use of numbing gel or local anesthesia for the urethra
• Option for sedation or general anesthesia for more complex procedures
• Careful insertion and manipulation of the cystoscope
• Clear communication between the patient and medical team throughout the procedure

After the cystoscopy, patients may experience:

• Mild burning sensation during urination
• Frequent urge to urinate
• Small amount of blood in the urine
• Mild abdominal pain or discomfort

These symptoms typically subside within 24-48 hours. To manage post-procedure discomfort, patients can:

• Drink plenty of water to flush the bladder
• Use over-the-counter pain relievers as recommended by their doctor
• Apply a warm compress to the lower abdomen
• Rest and avoid strenuous activities for a day or two

Potential Risks and Complications of Cystoscopy

While cystoscopy is generally considered a safe procedure, it’s important for patients to be aware of potential risks and complications:

• Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• Bleeding from the urethra or bladder
• Bladder perforation (rare)
• Urethral stricture or narrowing
• Bladder spasms
• Temporary difficulty urinating

How common are complications from cystoscopy? Serious complications are rare, occurring in less than 2% of cases. However, minor issues like temporary discomfort or mild bleeding are more common and typically resolve on their own.

Recognizing Signs of Complications

Patients should be aware of signs that may indicate a complication and require medical attention:

• Severe pain or burning during urination that persists beyond 48 hours
• High fever (over 101.5°F or 38.6°C)
• Inability to urinate or difficulty emptying the bladder
• Heavy bleeding or large blood clots in the urine
• Foul-smelling or cloudy urine
• Severe abdominal or pelvic pain

Recovery and Follow-up After a Cystoscopy

The recovery process after a cystoscopy is typically quick, with most patients able to resume normal activities within a day or two. Here are some key points about recovery and follow-up:

• Patients can usually go home the same day as the procedure
• It’s important to drink plenty of fluids to help flush the bladder
• Mild discomfort and blood-tinged urine may persist for 1-2 days
• Sexual activity should be avoided for a few days or as advised by the doctor
• Follow-up appointments may be scheduled to discuss results or plan further treatment

When can patients expect to receive their test results? If a biopsy was performed during the cystoscopy, results typically take about 1-2 weeks. For routine diagnostic cystoscopies without biopsies, the doctor may discuss findings immediately after the procedure.

Long-term Considerations

For some patients, a cystoscopy may be part of ongoing urological care. This could include:

• Regular follow-up cystoscopies for bladder cancer surveillance
• Additional tests or imaging studies based on cystoscopy findings
• Lifestyle modifications or medications to manage chronic urinary conditions
• Referrals to other specialists if necessary

Advances in Cystoscopy Technology and Future Directions

The field of urology continues to evolve, with new technologies enhancing the capabilities and patient experience of cystoscopy:

• Blue light cystoscopy for improved detection of bladder cancer
• Narrow band imaging for better visualization of blood vessels and suspicious tissues
• Photodynamic diagnosis using fluorescent markers
• Development of even smaller and more flexible cystoscopes
• Integration of artificial intelligence for image analysis and diagnosis

How might these advancements impact patient care? These technologies aim to improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce the need for repeated procedures, and potentially allow for earlier detection and treatment of urological conditions.

Emerging Non-invasive Alternatives

While cystoscopy remains the gold standard for many urological examinations, research is ongoing into less invasive alternatives:

• Advanced urine tests for detecting bladder cancer markers
• Improved imaging techniques like specialized MRI protocols
• Virtual cystoscopy using CT or MRI technology

These developing methods may complement traditional cystoscopy, potentially reducing the frequency of invasive procedures for some patients.

In conclusion, cystoscopy is a valuable tool in urological diagnosis and treatment. By understanding the procedure, its purposes, and what to expect, patients can approach this examination with confidence. As medical technology advances, we can anticipate even more precise and patient-friendly approaches to urinary tract care in the future.

Test, Procedure, What to expect

Overview

What is a cystoscopy?

Your healthcare provider may use a cystoscopy to view the inside of the bladder and urethra. The bladder stores urine until it flows out of the body through a tube called the urethra.

A urologist, or urinary tract specialist, performs a cystoscopy. For the procedure, your doctor uses a cystoscope, a pencil-sized lighted tube with a camera or viewing lens. A cystoscopy helps specialists diagnose, and sometimes treat, urinary tract problems.

Who might need a cystoscopy?

Your healthcare provider may recommend a cystoscopy if you experience:

Why do healthcare providers perform cystoscopies?

Urologists use cystoscopies to diagnose and treat urinary tract problems. A cystoscopy can diagnose:

Treatments using cystoscopy

Your doctor may also use a cystoscope to:

• Get urine samples from ureters (the ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder).
• Inject dye for an X-ray procedure that tracks urine flow.
• Inject medication to stop urine leakage.
• Remove a ureteral stent (a tiny tube that holds open a ureter) placed during an earlier procedure.
• Remove bladder stones, abnormal tissue, polyps or tumors.
• Take small pieces of bladder or urethral tissue to biopsy (examine in a lab).
• Treat urethral strictures (narrowing) or fistulas (holes that form between two areas).

What are the types of cystoscopies?

There are two types of cystoscopes. Your healthcare provider will use the one that works best for your specific procedure.

• Rigid: These cystoscopes don’t bend. Your doctor may pass instruments through the tube to perform biopsies or remove tumors.
• Flexible: Your doctor may use a bendable scope to examine the inside of the bladder and urethra and make a diagnosis.

Test Details

How should I prepare for a cystoscopy?

Depending on the reason for the cystoscopy, you may have an outpatient procedure (go home the same day) or stay overnight in the hospital.

For most diagnostic procedures, your doctor uses a numbing gel so you don’t feel pain in your urethra. For a more invasive treatment cystoscopy, you may need sedation or general anesthesia. If you get sedation or general anesthesia, someone should drive you home after the procedure.

Follow your healthcare provider’s instructions on what to do before the procedure. You may need to not eat or drink for several hours before getting anesthesia. Your preparation will depend on the anesthesia type and why you’re having the cystoscopy. Generally, you will:

• Give a urine sample the day of the procedure to check for a UTI. If you have an infection, you’ll need treatment before you can get a cystoscopy.
• Urinate immediately before the procedure.
• Bring an updated list of medications and supplements.
• Stop taking blood-thinning medications, such as aspirin and warfarin (Coumadin®), but check with your provider before doing so.
• Tell your doctor if you might be pregnant. Regional and general anesthesia can harm an unborn baby.

How is a cystoscopy performed?

A cystoscopy may feel uncomfortable, but anesthesia keeps you from feeling pain. A diagnostic cystoscopy usually only takes about five minutes, but may take a little longer. If you’re having a biopsy or treatment, the procedure may take longer.

During a cystoscopy, your doctor:

• Slides a lubricated cystoscope through the urethra to the bladder.
• Injects sterile salt water through the cystoscope into the bladder. A stretched, full bladder makes it easier to see the bladder lining. You may feel like you need to pee.
• Looks at the inside of the bladder and urethra.
• Inserts small instruments through the cystoscope. Your provider uses these tools to remove tissue samples or tumors, if needed.
• Drains the injected liquid from the bladder or asks you to empty your bladder in the restroom.

What should I expect after a cystoscopy?

You may have belly pain, blood-tinged urine or pain when peeing for the first day or two after the procedure. You may also feel like you need to pee often and urgently. These problems should fade within 48 hours.

Your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic to prevent infection. To ease side effects, you can:

What are the potential risks or complications of a cystoscopy?

A cystoscopy is a relatively low-risk procedure. Potential complications include:

• Bladder infection, perforation or spasms (painful cramps and urine leakage).
• Urethral scarring, narrowing or trauma.
• UTI.

Results and Follow-Up

When should I get my test results?

If you had a biopsy, it may take up to two weeks for your doctor to get the results.

When should I call the doctor?

Most post-procedure problems like painful urination and blood-tinged urine clear up within 48 hours. You should call your healthcare provider if problems last longer or you experience:

• Severely painful urination.
• Significant amount of blood or blood clots in urine.
• Painfully full bladder and inability to urinate.
• Signs of infection (fever, pelvic pain, strong-smelling or cloudy urine).

A note from Cleveland Clinic

A cystoscopy can help you find out what’s causing certain urinary tract problems. Your doctor may also perform a cystoscopy to treat some urinary tract conditions. A cystoscopy can be uncomfortable, but shouldn’t be painful. If needed, you and your healthcare provider can discuss treatment options based on findings from the procedure.

Cystoscopy – Urology – VHC Physician Group

Cystoscopy is a office procedure that is used in men and women to visually inspect the bladder and the urethra using a small flexible telescope. Cystoscopy is typically done as part of the evaluation for blood in the urine or if there are other voiding complaints. This procedure is done with minimal discomfort. You will lie flat on a table with legs placed up into leg rests, and the genital area will be cleaned. The topical anesthetic jelly is used as a lubricant to create a “numbing” effect within the urethra. The flexible cystoscope is then passed into the urethra and bladder and visual inspection of your bladder and urethra is performed. During the procedure your bladder will be filled with sterile fluid to expand it, making it possible for the walls of the bladder to be inspected. The procedure generally takes less than 5 minutes once initiated.

A cystoscope is a small tube that has a fiber optic camera inside. There are flexible cystoscopes and rigid cystoscopes and both allow the urologist to look inside the urethra and bladder. Flexible cystoscopy can be performed in the office using a local anesthetic of lidocaine jelly. Rigid cystoscopy is usually done under general anesthesia in the operating room. For a cystoscopy, the scope is inserted through the urethra and into the bladder. An office cystoscopy usually takes less than 2 minutes to perform.

Indications

There are many reasons that urologists may recommend a cystoscopic exam including the evaluation of blood in the urine, recurrent urinary tract infection, bladder or urethral pain, urinary difficulties, prostate enlargement, bladder tumors and bladder stones.

Expectations

Patients that undergo flexible cystoscopy usually have very minimal after effects and can return to work and normal activity immediately the same day.

Preparation for Your Procedure

There are “NO” dietary, fluid or medication restrictions required for this procedure. Please eat your meals and take “ALL” medication according to your normal schedule. Please let us know if you have a medical history that may require antibiotics before having invasive procedures such as routine teeth cleaning. If so, you may need to take an antibiotic medication before your procedure. You will be required to give us a urine specimen in the office when you check in for your appointment. Please note that the procedure may not be done if a urine specimen is not given or if there is a suggestion of a urinary tract infection.

What You Can Expect After Your Procedure

After your procedure you may feel a little discomfort with voiding and experience some frequency and urgency to urinate. These symptoms generally resolve within 24-48hrs. You may also notice a small amount of blood in your urine for a day or two following the procedure. Do not be alarmed. This is a normal result of the instrument being passed into your bladder. However, if you have any questions or concerns, please call our office.

Possible Risks of Cystoscopy

After a cystoscopy, there is a small risk of developing a urinary tract infection. If you experience fever, chills, painful urination or are pass large amounts of blood in your urine, please contact us during regular business hours at 703.717.4200. If these problems occur after regular business hours or on the weekends, one of our doctors can be contacted through the hospital or you can go to the Emergency Room.

Follow up instructions will be discussed with you by the Urologist after the procedure.

Learn About Other Office Procedures

Cystoscopy | UVA Health

A cystoscopy is a procedure that examines the bladder with a lighted scope. The scope allows your doctor to look through the urethra and into the bladder. The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Cystoscopy Procedure

Local anesthesia helps to prevent pain during the procedure. Your doctor inserts a cystoscope through your urinary opening into the urethra and the bladder. Your doctor drains your bladder and takes a sample for testing. Next, your doctor fills your bladder with sterile water or saline solution to allow a better view of the bladder walls. 

The procedure takes about 15 minutes. You may feel some discomfort or the urge to urinate when your doctor fills your bladder.

Post-procedure Care

After the procedure, you may experience a burning sensation or see small amounts of blood when you urinate. To help with your recovery at home:

• Drink plenty of fluids for the first few hours after the procedure.
• Take any prescriptions your doctor provides.

Cystoscopy may be done to investigate the following symptoms:

• Repeated urinary tract infections
• Blood in the urine
• Urinary incontinence
• Frequent urination
• Dribbling after urination
• Painful urination
• Difficulty urinating

Conditions We’re Looking For

Some abnormalities can be diagnosed through cystoscopy, including:

• Tumors
• Bladder stones
• Inflammation
• Cysts
• Pouches on the bladder wall
• Ulcers on the bladder wall
• Polyps
• Narrowing of the urethra
• Enlargement of the prostate gland in men

Possible Complications

Your doctor will review potential problems, which may include:

• Infection
• Bleeding
• Rarely, accidental damage of the bladder wall with the cystoscope

Factors that may increase the risk of complications include:

• Smoking
• Active infection
• Diabetes
• Bleeding disorder

Content was created using EBSCO’s Health Library. Edits to original content made by Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice.

Cystoscopy with Hydrodistention – Interstitial Cystitis Association

Although interstitial cystitis (IC) is generally diagnosed by the exclusion of other conditions, along with the hallmark symptom, pain, there are cases where an additional test is needed. Cystoscopy with hydrodistention under anesthesia may be necessary when an IC diagnosis is in doubt and the symptoms are complicated. “Complicated” symptoms include incontinence or overactive bladder, gastrointestinal problems, blood or protein in the urine, and gynecologic problems.

Cystoscopy with hydrodistention is no longer considered the “gold standard” in the diagnosis of IC because:

• Glomerulations can also be seen upon hydrodistention in those without IC symptoms.
• The degree of severity of the glomerulations does not correlate with the severity of IC symptoms.
• Some people with symptoms of IC have no glomerulations.

Under general or regional anesthesia, this procedure uses a cystoscope to look inside your bladder after slowly stretching it with fluid (hydrodistention). This allows your physician to see changes inside of your bladder that are typical of IC, including the presence of pin-point sized red marks on the bladder wall, also called glomerulations or petechial hemorrhages. This procedure also allows doctors to see Hunner’s ulcers (patches), which are present in a small number of people with IC.

About the Procedure

Your doctor will not perform your cystoscopy with hydrodistention in his or her office. The bladder needs to be filled to a high pressure in order to see the typical abnormalities of IC, a pressure that can cause significant pain if you are not anesthetized. In addition, in-office cystoscopy may not reveal the glomerulations on your bladder and the diagnosis of IC can be missed.

Cystoscopy with hydrodistention is an outpatient surgical procedure. You will be admitted to the hospital, but in most cases, you will be discharged the same day as the procedure. Prior to this procedure, you may have basic blood work done, just as you would before any surgery. During the procedure you will receive general anesthesia, or your pelvic region will be numbed by spinal nerve-blocking agents. You will not feel any pain during the procedure.

Your physician will insert a cystoscope through your urethra and into your bladder. This “scope,” which is fitted with a miniature camera, enables your physician to see the interior surface of your bladder to look for Hunner’s ulcers and other abnormalities. Your doctor will first examine your bladder by viewing it through the cystoscope. After the initial cystoscopic examination, your physician will “hydrodistend” your bladder by filling it with fluid at a low pressure (60 to 80 centimeters) and keeping it full for one to five minutes before letting the fluid out. This process causes the bladder wall to stretch out (distend), allowing your physician to re-inspect your bladder with the cystoscope.

If you have IC, your physician typically sees irritated areas (glomerulations) on the bladder wall. Also, the hydrodistention allows your doctor to check your bladder capacity under anesthesia. This can be an indicator of the need for more aggressive therapies.

The cystoscope may be fitted with instruments for obtaining biopsies of your bladder wall. While biopsy is not necessary for the diagnosis of IC, it is useful in ruling out bladder cancer. A bladder biopsy can also be helpful in determining if there are increased numbers of mast cells in the bladder wall, which may support the diagnosis of IC and indicate treatment options. Your doctor should not perform any additional treatment measures, such as bladder instillations, during this procedure, since your bladder will be very vulnerable from the procedure.

After the Procedure

After the procedure, you will be in a recovery room. As the anesthesia begins to wear off, you may experience pelvic pressure or pain. Once you are able to urinate, your physician will discharge you from the hospital.

If you experience discomfort following the procedure, ask your physician for pain-relieving medications upon discharge from the hospital. Some people experience discomfort for several weeks following the procedure.

A catheter is not commonly left in place after this procedure, as IC patients tend to experience pain with prolonged catheterization. Typically, your first attempts of urinating after this procedure will be painful and may contain blood.

If you have IC, the doctor usually schedules a follow-up appointment with you to discuss various IC treatment options. If you and your physician are considering bladder instillations as a possible treatment, your bladder first needs time to recover from the cystoscopy with hydrodistention. Your doctor may have you wait three to four weeks after the procedure.

Therapeutic Benefits

The American Urological Association’s guidelines for IC consider cystoscopy with hydrodistention under anesthesia to be a third-line treatment for IC. This means that less invasive therapies should be attempted prior to this procedure. It may reduce pain and discomfort in some IC patients, which can last 3 to 6 months. However, not everyone benefits from this procedure, and it may take up to several weeks to notice any symptom improvement. If you do have improvement, your physician may repeat the procedure for continued therapeutic benefits. Exactly why this procedure has therapeutic benefits for some is not known.

Potential Side Effects

Due to the potential side effects of the procedure, a thorough discussion with your healthcare provider is important to ensure the risks outweigh the benefits for you. The possible risks include:

• Worsening of symptoms, including pelvic pain and/or urethral burning, that may last 1 to 3 weeks
• Blood in urine
• Bladder infection
• Puncture of the bladder wall
• Temporary urinary retention

The latter two side effects may require catheter drainage for several days.

Revised Wednesday, May 20th, 2015

Dr. David B. Samadi health blog: What to expect from a cystoscopy | Dr. David B. Samadi

Any major changes in bladder habits that are not going away or improving require a visit to your doctor for further investigation. These changes could include noticing blood in your urine, incontinence, overactive bladder, or painful urination. In order to determine the cause and how to treat it, your doctor may need to do a procedure called a cystoscopy. Being told you need a cystoscopy may cause apprehension but understanding the procedure is the first step in alleviating those fears.

A cystoscopy or cystourethroscopy, is a procedure that allows a doctor to examine the lining of your bladder and urethra in detail.

Why would a person need a cystoscopy?

Understanding the procedure is the first step to alleviating fears

The purpose of a cystoscopy is to diagnose, monitor and treat conditions affecting the bladder and urethra. Some of the common reasons for a person needing a cystoscopy include urinary problems such as needing to urinate frequently, painful urination, blood in the urine, frequent urinary tract infections, an overactive bladder, or pelvic pain.

This procedure is useful to the doctor as it can reveal several conditions that may be causing issues such as:

Bladder tumors

Bladder stones

Bladder cancer

Blockages

Enlarged prostate gland

Noncancerous growths

Problems with the ureters (tubes) connecting your kidneys to your bladder

A cystoscopy may also be performed to:

Treat underlying bladder conditions such as removing small bladder tumors or stones, or to take a sample of bladder tissue

Take a urine sample to check for tumors or infection

Insert a small tube to assist with urine flow

Inject dye to identify kidney problems on an x-ray

How is a cystoscopy performed?

This procedure can be done on an outpatient basis. Before it is performed, you will need to empty your bladder after which you will be placed on an exam table. To reduce pain, a liquid or gel local anesthetic may be used on your urethra.

Once preparations are done for the procedure, a thin, lighted tube called a cystoscope is inserted through the urethra into the bladder. The doctor lubricates the scope with gel and carefully inserts it into the urethra. There may be a feeling of burning or a feeling of urinating when this happens.

The doctor will look at the bladder through the lens of the scope. In order to have a clear view of the bladder it will be filled with water or saline infused through the cystoscope stretching the bladder wall. On average, it takes about five to 10 minutes to perform a cystoscopy.

If everything is normal, the bladder wall should appear smooth with no blockages and the bladder should be of normal size, shape, and position. If any tissue appears abnormal, the cystoscope can be used to remove a small sample. Results could be available immediately or it could take a few days. If a biopsy is taken, it will be sent to a lab for review which could take a few days to several weeks.

Recovery after the procedure

Once the cystoscope is removed, the urethra may be sore and patients may experience a burning sensation when urinating or more frequent urination that may last up to 48 hours. There may also be some blood in the urine at first, but this should go away within 12 to 24 hours. Emptying the bladder completely is important and drinking plenty of water is encouraged to ease any burning and bleeding that may occurr.

Take time to rest and if a biopsy is done, it will take time to heal. During this time, avoid heavy lifting and sexual intercourse until the doctor gives permission to do so.

Midwood Brooklyn, NY & Upper East Side New York, NY: Dr. Gregory Shifrin, OB/GYN PC

A cystoscopy is an endoscopic procedure that allows your doctor to view the urethra and bladder through a cystoscope, which is an instrument similar to a small telescope. During this noninvasive procedure, the scope is inserted through your urethra and into your bladder. Your physician will display images from the camera on a screen where he or she can immediately view and analyze them.

Why is Cystoscopy Performed?

Your physician may order cystoscopy testing if you have bladder problems, such as a constant need to urinate or if urination is painful. Your physician may recommend a cystoscopy if he or she suspects a disorder of the urinary tract. Urinary tract disorders may include structural problems that can lead to blockage of urine flow or a backflow of urine. If left untreated, structural problems in the urinary tract may lead to potentially serious complications.

Cystoscopy can also assist in identifying problems, such as early signs of cancer, infections, strictures (narrowing) and bleeding. Your doctor can use cystoscopy procedures to diagnose, monitor, and treat conditions that affect the bladder and urethra. He or she may order a cystoscopy for the following reasons:

• Investigation: This procedure may help your doctor learn the causes of signs and symptoms such as blood in the urine, frequent urinary tract infections, incontinence, overactive bladder and painful urination.
• Diagnosis: A cystoscopy may be used in diagnosing bladder cancer, bladder stones and bladder inflammation.
• Treatment: Your physician can use special tools that he or she can pass through the cystoscope to treat a bladder disease or condition.

Cystoscopy Procedure

The procedure itself can take as little as five minutes, and there is usually minimal discomfort. Patients may receive sedation before a cystoscopy, although the procedure is usually performed under local or general anesthesia. The doctor will also numb the urethra with an anesthetic spray or gel.

Once the anesthetic takes effect, your doctor will insert a long, flexible tube called a cystoscope into the urethra—the tube that allows urine to pass outside the body. The doctor guides the cystoscope through the urethra and into the bladder. In addition to giving your doctor the best possible view of the internal urethra and bladder, this procedure enables him or her to irrigate, suction and access these structures using surgical instruments.

If the procedure is investigatory, your doctor will use a larger cystoscope. Biopsies or other surgical procedures require a slightly thicker scope so surgical instruments can pass through it. With a local anesthetic, your cystoscopy may take less than five minutes. If you are sedated or given general anesthesia, the entire procedure may take 10 to 30 minutes.

After Cystoscopy

After your cystoscopy, you may be allowed to go back to normal activities immediately. However, if you’ve been given sedation or general anesthesia, you may be asked to remain in a recovery area to let the effects of the medication wear off. Cystoscopy is usually performed on an outpatient basis.

You may notice a mild burning feeling upon urination, and you may see small amounts of blood in the urine. These symptoms should not last more than 24 hours. To prevent infection, your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic. It’s important to drink lots of water and urinate when you need to following a cystoscopy. Holding urine could potentially cause blood in the bladder to clot and create a blockage. Drinking lots of water helps to ease any burning or bleeding.

Your doctor may have your results immediately, or it could take a few days. If you have had a biopsy, you’ll have to wait for lab results.

Request more information about cystoscopy today: Call (718) 743-0505 or contact us online.

What Does a Cystoscopy Feel Like?: Gulf Coast Urology: Urologists

Frequent urinary tract infections are problematic. There’s the discomfort, the disruption to your life, and the worry that there could be a serious underlying problem. 

In such cases the doctors at Gulf Coast Urology, Dr. John Bertini and Dr. James Harris, often recommend a diagnostic test called a cystoscopy. If you have frequent issues with urination, and over-the-counter medications don’t work well for you, a cystoscopy may be the best way to get answers. 

Cystoscopy: What is it, anyway? 

When you have a cystoscopy, your urologist uses a thin tube with a light and a camera on it to examine the inside of your urinary tract. This device is called a cystoscope — giving the procedure its name. Your doctor can see the inside of your urethra and your bladder clearly during a cystoscopy. 

Who should have a cystoscopy? 

There are lots of different conditions that can affect your bladder. If you need to urinate often, urination is painful, have frequent bladder infections, have blood in your urine, or you have unexplained pelvic pain, a cystoscopy could help your doctor pinpoint the cause of your problem. 

A cystoscopy can help the doctor accurately diagnose whatever is affecting your ability to urinate normally.

What should I do before a cystoscopy

One of the most important things you need to know about preparing for a cystoscopy is that you need to drink plenty of water. You need to provide a urine sample before the procedure, so be ready for that. If you’re taking medication for an infection be sure you continue taking it as directed before your appointment. 

Cystoscopy is an outpatient procedure, so you won’t be admitted to the hospital. If you’re a woman, you’ll lie on your back on a table with your feet in stirrups during the procedure. Your doctor may provide a sedative or anesthesia in order for you to remain comfortable during the procedure, which usually lasts anywhere from 5-30 minutes. 

Once the procedure is complete, you should plan to rest for the remainder of the day. Don’t exercise, lift anything heavy, or have sex until your tissues have fully healed. Our staff provides thorough instructions. Following them will help you have a fast, smooth recovery. 

Schedule your appointment today

If you’re ready to find out why you have consistent issues urinating, book your appointment at Gulf Coast Urology today. A cystoscopy, which is a quick, outpatient procedure could offer a solution that makes your life far more comfortable. 

90,000 Pain or burning sensation when urinating (dysuria) – causes, examination and treatment | Symptoms

Cystitis (bladder infection)
Signs: Usually in women and girls. Frequent and acute urge to urinate. Getting up at night to urinate. Sometimes blood in the urine or foul-smelling urine.

Orchoepididymitis (infection of the epididymis and testis)
Signs: Soreness and swelling of the testicle. Frequent urination or discharge from the urethra is possible. Sometimes fever or nausea.

Prostatitis (prostate infection)
Signs: Soreness of the prostate gland found during a digital rectal examination. Often fever, difficulty urinating, frequent urination, urge to urinate at night, burning or pain while urinating. Sometimes there is blood in the urine. Other symptoms of a long-standing blockage in the urinary tract (including poor urine flow, difficulty urinating, or leakage at the end of urination).

Urethritis (infection of the urethra), usually due to STDs
Signs: Usually visible urethral discharge in men. Sometimes vaginal discharge in women. In individuals who have recently had unprotected intercourse.

Vulvovaginitis (inflammation of the female external genital organs and vagina)
Signs: Vaginal discharge. Often redness in the genital area.

Cervicitis (cervical infections)
Signs: Frequent discharge from the cervix.History of unprotected intercourse.

Connective tissue diseases (reactive arthritis or Behcet’s syndrome)
Signs: General symptoms or body-wide symptoms (including body and joint pain) that develop before painful urination occurs. Sometimes ulcers in the skin, eyes, mouth, or genital area, including inside the vagina.

Contact with a substance that irritates the area or causes an allergic reaction (spermicide, lubricant or latex condom)
Signs: Sometimes redness in the genital area.In people exposed to a substance that may cause irritation or an allergic reaction.

Interstitial cystitis (inflammation of the bladder without infection)
Signs: More common among women. Frequent and acute urge to urinate. Long-term symptoms.

Atrophic vaginitis or urethritis (thinning of the tissues of the vagina or urethra)
Signs: In postmenopausal women. Vaginal dryness. Pain during intercourse is common.Vaginal discharge. Changes in the internal tissues of the vagina (becomes smooth and pale).

Tumors (usually cancer of the bladder, prostate or urethra)
Signs: Long-term symptoms (poor urine flow or difficulty starting urination). Sometimes blood in the urine.

Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is a modern type of diagnosis aimed at examining the state of the bladder.The procedure is carried out using a cystoscope – a catheter with lighting devices, which is inserted into the urethra to determine pathologies, focal infections and inflammatory processes.

Stages of the procedure.

Cystoscopy is performed with the patient supine with the legs slightly raised and apart. Before the introduction of the catheter, the organs are treated with an antiseptic. This is done in order to avoid getting the infection on the mucous membrane.
It should be noted right away that the procedure as a whole is quite painful, therefore it is carried out mainly with the use of anesthesia.

Occasionally, the doctor may use general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.

Before inserting the cystoscope, it is lubricated with special vaseline oil, which, among other things, has antiseptic properties. Gradually, simultaneously with the movement of the device, saline solution is supplied, which allows the doctor to carefully examine the area of ​​study.

Unlike men, women tolerate the procedure more easily. This difference is due to the size of the urinary canal.

Cystoscopy of the bladder in women is necessary to make and confirm such a little pleasant diagnosis as cystitis (inflammation of the bladder).
Men are recommended to undergo this procedure if it is necessary to diagnose inflammatory processes associated with diseases of the prostate gland.

Often the duration of this type of diagnosis is about 45 minutes, while the procedure itself takes only 10-15 minutes, the rest of the time is devoted to preparing for it.

Preparation for cystoscopy .

The procedure does not require any special preparation. It is quite enough to carefully listen to the instructions of the doctor before starting the diagnosis, who will tell you about the stages of the procedure, how long it will take, and what symptoms may appear after the study.
The only thing that should be taken into account and observed is not to eat on the day for which the procedure is scheduled.

It is worth noting the fact that it is better to leave your car at home and get to the clinic by taxi, i.because the diagnostic process involves the use of anesthesia, after which it is categorically impossible to get behind the wheel!

Attention! Cystoscopy is performed only after consultation with a specialist from our medical center.

Cost of cystoscopy: 1,500 rubles.

90,000 Chronic cystitis: description of the disease, causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

If the inflammatory process in the bladder lasts for a long time and leads to structural and functional changes in its wall, the patient is diagnosed with chronic cystitis.There may be a latent course of pathology, in which remissions and exacerbations alternate, and symptoms may be constantly present.

Diagnostic measures are carried out on the basis of the results of some studies (urinalysis, ultrasound examination, analysis for sexually transmitted diseases, cystography, cystoscopy, endovesical biopsy). The patient is prescribed antibacterial and local therapy, hormonal and immune status is corrected. If necessary, surgery is performed.

Why does chronic cystitis develop

• The presence in the patient’s body of a source with a chronic infection. This includes both an infection of the genitourinary system (vaginitis, metritis, prostatitis, urethritis), and one that is not associated with the pelvic organs. This refers to the presence of tonsillitis, caries.

• Stagnant process in the urinary tract (neoplasm, stone).

• A congestion that is not associated with diseases of the urinary system (stroke, spinal cord injury).

• Local immunity is impaired, that is, the resistance of the mucous membranes of the bladder is reduced (with menopause), there is a viral or fungal infection, polyps.

• Sexually transmitted infection.

• Anatomical feature of the urethra in women. They have it wider and shorter, which allows the infection to enter the bladder without any obstruction.

Risk factors

There are factors that increase the likelihood of developing cystitis. This happens when:

• sedentary lifestyle.

• regular hypothermia of the body.

• Constant use of tight underwear.

• Frequent change of sexual partner when contraceptives are not used.

• Failure to comply with hygiene rules.

• Chronic disease of an internal organ.

• Overwork, hypovitaminosis.

• Impaired emptying of the bladder.

• Reduced protective functions of the body.

• The presence of a foreign body that is located in the bladder.

How is chronic cystitis classified

• Latent form. In turn, it is subdivided into subspecies. The first subspecies is characterized by the absence of symptoms. It can only be detected by endoscopic examination. This type of chronic cystitis has a stable latent course.The second subspecies is a chronic form of cystitis with the appearance of rare exacerbations. The inflammatory process is activated no more than once every 12 months. The third subspecies is the presence of frequent exacerbations (about three to four times during the year).

• Persistent form. It is characterized by positive laboratory and endoscopic data, persistent symptoms. In addition, the reservoir function of the bladder is not impaired.

• Interstitial form.It is characterized by persistent painful sensations, pronounced symptoms, the reservoir function of the bladder is disrupted.

Given the nature and depth of changes that have occurred in chronic cystitis, it can be catarrhal, ulcerative, polyposis, cystic, encrusted, necrotic.

What to do when treating a disease

During the treatment of chronic cystitis, the patient is advised to follow some rules.

• Bed rest. With an exacerbation of the disease, you should spend as much time in bed as possible. At elevated body temperature, the patient is prescribed an antipyretic agent. It is necessary to drink a sufficient amount of fluids per day so that the infection is washed out as soon as possible. In addition, the patient is prescribed a special diet, that is, it is forbidden to eat sour and spicy foods.

• Taking medications.The doctor will prescribe antibacterial agents to the patient. It should be remembered that the choice of such a medicine is carried out exclusively by a qualified specialist after the pathogen has been identified and its sensitivity to a particular drug has been clarified. In most cases, a man is prescribed to take nitrofurans, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins. It is necessary to use a drug that is included in one of these groups only after a medical recommendation. The average duration of one course does not exceed a week.

• The use of herbal medicine. This is an indispensable item in the complex treatment of cystitis. Herbal tea is often prescribed, which has a diuretic and anti-inflammatory property. This tea consists of plant components (lingonberry, bearberry, horsetail). In the absence of an allergic reaction, a herbal medicine may be prescribed. Removing the intensity of the inflammatory process and reducing unpleasant symptoms is possible with the help of cystone, phytolysin, kanefron.To make it easier for the body to fight the infection, they may prescribe the intake of cranberry juice or juice, which you can prepare yourself. Herbal medicine does not have an immediate effect, it is used for a long time. It must be remembered that herbal preparations can only be an adjunct to medications prescribed by a doctor.

• Pain medications. To stop the painful sensations that are a faithful companion of cystitis, an antispasmodic is used.The patient is allowed to take no-shpa or papaverine. Also, it is possible to take a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac, nimesil).

• PCR. If an infection has been detected in the body that was transmitted through sexual contact, the treatment regimen is selected based on the type of pathogen. To identify a microorganism or virus, a PCR technique is used.

The chronic form of cystitis is a sufficiently serious medical problem, since this form of the disease is widespread among patients and is resistant to etiotropic therapy.If we talk about statistics, then in about a third of all cases, acute cystitis becomes chronic.

The inflammatory process in chronic cystitis lasts a long time. During this period, both the mucous membrane of the bladder and its deep walls are affected. As a result of a prolonged inflammatory process in the walls of the bladder, the connective tissue elements of the muscle layer are sclerotic, and the bladder shrinks.

In most cases, cystitis is triggered by an infection (gram-negative enterobacteriaceae). Often, the cause of the disease is a sexually transmitted infection, as a result of which a bacterial infection is added.

A woman’s bladder has significant resistance due to some antibacterial mechanisms, which is constantly and effectively acting in a healthy woman. Bacterial penetration into the bladder is not the main condition for the development of inflammation.This is clinically and experimentally confirmed.

With normal urine flow and timely emptying of the bladder, the risk of urinary tract infection decreases. In addition, if infected urine is released in a timely manner, it will significantly reduce the likelihood of bacterial cells adhesion to mucous membranes.

Diagnostics and treatment

If an exacerbation of the chronic form of cystitis has begun, and characteristic symptoms have appeared, the patient needs to visit a medical center as soon as possible, where he will be provided with highly qualified medical care.The choice of diagnostic methods and treatment regimen can only be determined by an experienced and professional doctor. To make the maximum accurate diagnosis and identify the root cause of chronic cystitis, the patient is assigned to undergo a thorough examination.

The following diagnostic measures are included in the comprehensive examination scheme:

• Bacterial inoculation. Such an analysis helps to identify the pathogen. In addition, its sensitivity to a particular drug is determined.

• Urogenital smear. Detects a hidden infection that can be transmitted sexually.

• General urine analysis. In the inflammatory process, leukocytes and erythrocytes increase. The normal occurrence is the absence of mucus in the urine. With an acidic reaction of urine, it can be suspected that a tuberculosis infection is present.

• Cystoscopy. Such a diagnostic method is carried out only if there is no acute phase of cystitis.Cystoscopy reveals the presence of neoplasms, stones and other foreign bodies. Also, during this technique, a biopsy is performed.

In the presence of a severe painful syndrome, acute urinary retention, and the absence of the desired effect from painkillers, the patient needs hospitalization. In our medical center, complex diagnostics are carried out using modern equipment, as a result of which, without difficulty, the causative agent of cystitis or concomitant pathology is identified.

Description of the clinical picture

With an exacerbation of chronic cystitis, similar symptoms appear, which are characteristic of the acute form of the disease. Also, the main pathology that caused the chronicity of the disease (a stone in the bladder, atony, etc.) is taken into account.

If cystitis has passed into an exacerbation stage, the patient will complain that urination has become much more frequent, while painful sensations have appeared. Given the degree of bladder involvement, pain is constant in chronic cystitis.Its localization is the pubis or the depth of the small pelvis. The urge to urinate is also accompanied by pain.

The patient observes the appearance of painful sensations before the start of the process (the reason is the bladder stretches), during or after urination. It must be remembered that painful sensations can be the result of an inflammatory disease of the female reproductive system.

What complications can arise

Cystitis is not a harmless disease, therefore, self-medication and uncontrolled use of drugs is strictly prohibited.

In the absence of timely treatment, the following consequences will occur:

• Kidneys are affected. Medical statistics suggests that in almost all cases, with untreated cystitis, pyelonephritis and nephritis develop. A more severe consequence is renal failure. Its formation is associated with excessive poisoning of the kidney tissue with the waste products of the infection.

• There is a return of urine from the bladder in the opposite direction, that is, to the kidneys.This happens on rare occasions. The appearance of a similar syndrome is more common in children.

• Organic changes in the bladder. Due to epithelial degeneration, the bladder becomes less elastic. In addition, its size decreases, and the ability to regenerate is lost. As a result of this effect, the bladder can rupture.

• In the absence of timely specific treatment, the likelihood that the disease will acquire a chronic form increases.With chronic cystitis, constant inflammatory processes appear. According to medical records, cystitis is not an isolated pathology. In most cases, nearby organs are affected. If a woman has chronic cystitis, she can become infertile, and relapses of the disease develop, colpitis worsens, adhesions form in the structure of the uterus. Reproductive function is not only reduced, but can also completely disappear.

• An immediate complication of cystitis is the appearance of stress and depression.An incurable pathology develops into a chronic form. Cystitis often recurs, up to several times a month. During the illness, the patient succumbs to the strongest psychological pressure. That is, a healthy member of society becomes a hostage to the toilet.

• The sphincter of the bladder becomes weak. As a result, urinary incontinence develops. This is mainly observed in elderly patients.

How to prevent the development of cystitis

There are a number of recommendations that, if followed, reduce the likelihood of developing the disease.

• It is necessary to wash every day, once a day. For these purposes, use soap, preferably baby. It is free of flavors and dyes.

• Closely monitor that the sexual partner follows basic rules of personal hygiene. He has to wash the external genitals every day.

• Before and after sexual intercourse, wash thoroughly.Use soap. This rule must be followed by both sexual partners.

• In case of stomatitis, sore throat, oral candidiasis and other infections, it is not recommended to engage in oral sex. This rule is easy to explain – with saliva, the infection is transmitted to the external genital organs, and then to the urethra.

• Always dress for the weather. Many women prefer to wear mini skirts even during the cold season.This can cause chronic recurrent cystitis. It should be noted that cystitis is not the worst pathology that hypothermia can cause. In addition to cystitis, an inflammatory process develops in nearby organs, which is the reason for infertility and many years of visits to doctors.

• Keep track of the state of your own immunity. If a person often has a cold, it can be judged that the immune system is reduced.To restore it, you need to contact a qualified specialist.

• Try as much as possible not to restrain urination. With prolonged urinary retention, an infection develops in the bladder.

• Drink plenty of fluids.

• If possible, a woman should use pads, not tampons. Tampons contribute to mechanical compression of the urethra, and also, this is a source of infection, which is located close enough to the external opening of the urethra.

• A man must change his underwear every day. Thanks to this rule, the risk of developing the disease is minimized.

• After a bowel movement, wipe from front to back. Not the other way around. This tactic is easy to explain – if you wipe from back to front, you can transfer intestinal bacteria to the external genitalia. After that, pathogenic microorganisms will reach the urethra.

• In case of an exacerbation of the disease, the patient should take about 2.5 liters of liquid per day. It can be either water or fresh natural juices, cranberry juice. Soda and artificial drinks should be eliminated from the diet.

• Do not wear tight synthetic underwear.

• Avoid frequent constipation.

Treatment of cystoscopy in Kaliningrad – “ALZORIA”

Cystoscopy is a highly informative diagnostic procedure, thanks to which it is possible to identify possible pathologies of the bladder.Along with the diagnosis, the doctor may perform some procedures, for example, conduct a biopsy or remove small neoplasms. Cystoscopy can be performed at the Alzoria Medical Clinic.

Readings

Let’s consider in what cases a urologist can prescribe a cystoscopy:

• Constantly recurrent cystitis.
• The presence of blood in the urine.
• Violation of urination.
• Urinary retention.
• Suspicion of a neoplasm in the bladder.

Simultaneously with the cystoscopy, a biopsy can be performed (taking biological material for subsequent histological examination). This is true if a neoplasm of unknown origin is found in the bladder.

Conduct

This diagnostic method can be carried out both in outpatient and inpatient settings. The duration of cystoscopy is individual, first of all, it depends on the purpose of the diagnosis.To prevent the patient from feeling unpleasant and painful sensations, during the introduction of the cystoscope into the urethra, local anesthesia or general anesthesia is preliminarily carried out at the patient’s request.

Before starting the diagnosis, specialists thoroughly process the external genitalia with an antiseptic solution. Next, the cystoscope tube is inserted into the patient’s urethra, after which the bladder is emptied. For more informative and high-quality diagnostics, the bladder is filled with a special antiseptic solution.At the end of this manipulation, the cystoscope is removed.

If local anesthesia was used, the patient can go home at the end of the procedure. When it comes to general anesthesia, it is necessary to remain under the supervision of a medical staff for several hours.

General rules

If cystoscopy is performed under general anesthesia, it is necessary to appear for the procedure on an empty stomach. At least 7-8 hours in advance, you must give up food, 3-4 hours – from water. Take your outpatient card and referral from your urologist with you.

Before carrying out the procedure, it is necessary to exclude some contraindications. These include:

• Injury to the urethra.
• Diseases of the urinary system in the acute stage.
• The presence of profuse bleeding of unknown origin.

Please note that after cystoscopy there may be blood in the urine, as well as cramps during urination. These symptoms do not require treatment and go away on their own within a few days.

We strongly recommend that you contact your urologist at the first warning signs. Be healthy!

Make a cystoscopy of the urinary bladder in Krasnoyarsk | “Medyunion”, online registration

Cystoscopy – examination of the bladder using a special cystoscope device. During the procedure, a visual examination of the walls of the urethra, bladder and ureteral exits using optics is carried out in order to identify pathology.

When is the procedure performed?

It can be prescribed at any age and is the main diagnostic method for some diseases of the genitourinary system, when safer methods of research (ultrasound, radiation, magnetic resonance) do not provide the necessary information.

The procedure can be carried out during pregnancy, but it is better to refrain from this until the baby is born. The uterus is in close proximity to the bladder, and even with the most delicate introduction of the cystoscope, there is a great danger of provoking premature birth.

Indications for cystoscopy of the bladder may be as follows:

• Chronic cystitis and urethritis – pain, burning and cramps during urination, pain in the lumbosacral spine, frequent urge to use the toilet with small portions of urine excreted.

• Bladder tumors – atypical cells are found on examination.

• Prostatitis, adenoma – frequent urge to urinate, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder, urinary incontinence / retention.

• Male infertility – used to assess the condition of the seminal tubercle.

• Suspicion of urolithiasis – pain and cramps in the lower abdomen, difficult painful urination.

• Enuresis is bedwetting.

• Anomalies in the development of the genitourinary system or suspicion of them.

How is the research done?

It can be performed with or without anesthesia. In the first case, it is necessary to refuse food intake 10-12 hours in advance. After the procedure, it will take time to recover, so it is not recommended to use personal transport.

Cystoscopy without anesthesia does not require any special preparation: it is enough to arrive on an empty stomach, having made a toilet of the genitals before leaving the house. Empty the bladder before the procedure.

The external genitals are treated with antiseptic solutions, the endoscope is lubricated with glycerin to improve gliding.

Where to get cystoscopy of the bladder in Krasnoyarsk?

In the medical center “Medyunion” you will carry out the necessary research quickly and efficiently.We strive to provide our patients with maximum comfort: we do not have queues and long waiting times for results, you come at the appointed time and immediately undergo diagnostics.

All information about the study is stored in our database – even if you lose the results of your diagnostics, you can always restore them upon request.

To sign up for a video cystoscopy, call +7 391 202-95-54 or fill out the online form.Indicate the procedure you need and leave your details – our specialist will call you back and discuss a convenient time for the procedure.

Symptoms of bladder diseases | Clinic “Alone”

“Probably, this is a banal cystitis” – so many think when they feel discomfort or pain during urination. But the fact is that diseases of the bladder are much more diverse and not as harmless as they seem at first glance – even the same cystitis can lead to chronic disorders that will affect the work of not only the urinary system, but also the reproductive system.There are a number of symptoms that should alert any person and force them to see a doctor immediately. Yegor Kolyshnitsyn, urologist of the clinic “Alone”, spoke about them.

Signs of illness

Symptoms of abnormalities in the work of the bladder can be associated with both pain and changes in the composition of urine.

The most basic of these are:

• Frequent, difficult, or painful urination;
• cutting persistent pain in the lower abdomen and in the pelvic region;
• urinary incontinence;
• discoloration of urine, turbidity, the appearance of a sharp, unusual odor;
• blood in urine.

Any of these symptoms should never be ignored, as they may indicate urethritis (inflammation of the urethra), cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, the presence of stones in the bladder and even bladder neoplasms, up to oncopathology.

How do you know what’s wrong?

Your first action when these symptoms appear should be to see a doctor. The urologist will prescribe all the necessary tests and studies that are required for the diagnosis.

Cystoscopy is one of the most informative methods for diagnosing and assessing the work of the bladder. This is an endoscopic procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder. A specialist with a special optical system – a cystoscope – enters the bladder cavity through the urethra and, with its help, examines the mucous membranes of the urethra, the inner lining of the bladder. Cystoscopy is more informative than X-ray or ultrasound.It allows you to effectively identify various pathologies at the early stages of their development; to evaluate the nature of the neoplasm detected during, for example, ultrasound examination.

Where to get tested?

You can get a specialist consultation, undergo diagnostics of any diseases of the genitourinary sphere, at the urology center “Clinic Alone”.

Here, 7 days a week, 4 urologists are seen, you can pass all the necessary tests and undergo an examination of the bladder.

Cystoscopy is performed by qualified and experienced urologists with anesthesia, so pain during the procedure is minimized.

After the examination, the specialist will establish an accurate diagnosis and select the treatment tactics.

Don’t let the disease become chronic and poison your life! Stop her in time!

Sign up for a consultation by phone in Kirov: (8332) 32-7777
or through the form on the website

Veterinary clinic Pes and Cat in St. Petersburg

Cystoscopy is an endoscopic manipulation of the bladder for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Cystoscopy involves the introduction of an endoscopic camera into the bladder cavity through the urethra in females. In males and cats, percutaneous cystoscopy is more often performed (a cystoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall). This division is associated with the diameter and anatomical features of the structure of the urethra in animals.

In the course of endoscopic examination it is possible:

• to detect anatomical pathologies of the urinary bladder
• see and remove foreign objects
• diagnose neoplasms
• remove small calculi (stones)
• assess the condition of the mucous membrane
• take material for bacteriological culture and morphological studies of the bladder wall.

The main advantage of cystoscopy is minimally invasiveness! When accessed through the urethra, the animal returns to its normal life after the end of the procedure and exiting anesthesia.

In cases where percutaneous cystoscopy is required, the pet goes home with a small intradermal suture, which delivers a minimum of discomfort and requires little or no special care.

Cystoscopy may be recommended by your healthcare professional for the following conditions:

• urinary tract infections
• blood in urine (hematuria) 90 110

• violation of urination (incontinence, difficulty urinating) 90 110

• painful urination 90 110

• calculi or neoplasms of the bladder and urethra.

Interesting facts
In turtles, cystoscopy is of added value because it allows visualization of the internal organs of the animal through the thin wall of the bladder. And in young individuals, this method allows non-invasive visualization of the gonads, and therefore, sex determination.