The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern

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Controlling type 2 diabetes: With and without medication

Many people may wonder how to control type 2 diabetes without medications. A healthy diet and lifestyle could help people manage type 2 diabetes and other aspects of their health.

To help people keep blood sugar — blood glucose — within a healthy range, the American Heart Association (AHA) recommends:

• engaging in weight management
• eating a nutritious diet
• getting regular exercise
• stopping smoking
• reducing stress

If making dietary and lifestyle changes do not help maintain a healthy blood sugar level, doctors may advise a person to take medications. However, if someone receives a diabetes diagnosis as an older adult and their blood sugar is only mildly elevated, medications may not be necessary.

In this article, we examine how to control type 2 diabetes without medication. We also look at the causes of type 2 diabetes and when people may need medication to manage their condition.

A 2020 study reports that healthy lifestyle practices could benefit people with type 2 diabetes or risk factors for the condition. Such measures may delay or prevent its development, as well as treat or potentially put it into remission. This method of controlling blood sugar can be so effective that the study’s authors call it lifestyle medicine.

The following healthy lifestyle practices may help reduce blood sugar levels:

1. Pursue weight management

In people with overweight or obesity, significant weight loss may reduce blood sugar from the diabetic to the nondiabetic range.

Two ways to manage weight are eating a healthy, balanced diet and engaging in regular exercise. The key to weight loss involves consuming fewer calories than the body uses for activities and physiological processes.

2. Eat a healthy diet

A healthy diet consists of eating nutritious foods in appropriate portion sizes while avoiding or limiting non-nutritious foods.

Foods for people to eat may include:

• whole grains, such as oatmeal, brown rice, and whole grain bread
• fruits and vegetables
• non-fried fish that is high in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and lake trout
• lean meat, such as sirloin and white meat from chicken or turkey
• nontropical vegetable oils, such as olive oil
• unsalted nuts and seeds
• legumes, such as beans and peas
• low fat dairy products

Foods and ingredients for people to limit may include:

• sugary foods and beverages, such as candy, cakes, jelly, honey, sodas, sweet tea, fruit drinks, and concentrated fruit juices
• sweet food additives, such as high fructose corn syrup, dextrose, maltose, fructose, and sucrose
• processed and fatty meats, such as bacon, hot dogs, and fatty cuts of beef and pork
• salty foods
• partially hydrogenated and trans fat foods, such as shortening, hard margarine, microwave popcorn, frozen pizzas, desserts, and coffee creamer
• saturated fat, such as foods containing palm oil or coconut oil

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends a diet similar to the Mediterranean diet, which focuses on:

• fruits
• vegetables
• whole grains
• nuts
• olive oil
• fatty fish

A 2020 review notes that following this eating plan improves blood sugar control.

3. Get regular exercise

Exercise promotes blood sugar management and burns calories, which contributes to weight loss. Physical activity also increases insulin sensitivity, which helps blood sugar to enter the cells from the bloodstream.

People should aim to get 30 minutes of moderate physical activity per day on most days, totaling at least 150 minutes each week. Experts classify a brisk walk as moderate exercise. Alternatively, 75 minutes per week of vigorous aerobic activity is equally beneficial.

4. Stop smoking

Doctors advise people to stop smoking to help blood sugar control for several reasons. Smokers have a 30–40% higher risk of developing diabetes than nonsmokers. Smoking also makes exercise more challenging.

Smoking also raises blood sugar temporarily, which poses an additional challenge in maintaining nondiabetic blood sugar levels. This increases the likelihood of a person developing complications of diabetes, such as kidney disease and nerve damage.

5. Manage stress

Research in 2019 suggests that although stress does not cause type 2 diabetes, it can worsen it. Stress stimulates the release of hormones that interfere with the body’s blood sugar regulation. It also makes a person more likely to engage in practices that make it harder to manage blood sugar, such as overeating and smoking.

One way to reduce stress involves taking a break from electronics and spending time in nature.

According to 2020 research, a person only needs medication if lifestyle practices do not put blood sugar levels in the nondiabetic range.

A doctor’s recommendation for medication for someone with type 2 diabetes may depend partly on their age when they receive a diagnosis. While many older adults with the condition have slightly higher blood sugar levels, this rarely causes problems.

On the other hand, doctors may prescribe medications to people who receive a diagnosis by the age 40 or 50. Even slightly elevated blood sugar levels can eventually lead to health problems, such as damage to nerves or blood vessels. Such damage may result in complications, such as kidney disease. The purpose of medications is to delay or prevent the harmful effects of diabetes.

According to the ADA, type 2 diabetes is progressive, making it more difficult to manage over time. Improvements in medical care enable people with the condition to live longer. However, despite the advancements, type 2 diabetes may reduce life expectancy by up to 10 years.

The effects of lifestyle practices alone on type 2 diabetes have not undergone extensive research, limiting statistics on the results of such interventions. However, a 2018 clinical trial examined the outcomes of a weight management program on 306 individuals with type 2 diabetes. After 12 months, the authors found about half the individuals who participated in the program went into remission.

Researchers cannot quantify the exact improvement that each healthy lifestyle practice may bring at this point in research. However, the outlook for people with type 2 diabetes who have a healthy lifestyle is better than those who do not.

Type 2 diabetes is a condition that involves high blood glucose or blood sugar.

The pancreas makes insulin, a hormone that enables cells to take glucose from the bloodstream for energy. In type 2 diabetes, the cells do not respond normally to insulin, called insulin resistance. As a result, the pancreas makes more insulin in an attempt to get glucose inside the cells.

After some time, the pancreas cannot keep up, and blood sugar increases, which leads to prediabetes and diabetes.

Symptoms frequently develop over several years, including:

• tiredness
• increased thirst and urination
• blurry vision
• increased hunger
• slow healing of sores
• numbness or tingling in hands or feet
• weight loss without trying
• dry skin
• more infections than usual

Experts advise people interested in learning how to control type 2 diabetes without medications to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

Significant weight loss can help control blood sugar levels in some people. Two ways to pursue weight management involve people eating a healthy, balanced diet and getting regular exercise.

Good nutrition is vital for a person with type 2 diabetes. Some evidence suggests that a nutritious eating plan, such as the Mediterranean diet, may help control blood sugar in ways other than weight loss.

Type 2 Diabetes Diet: Do’s and Don’ts

November 14 is World Diabetes Day. One of the important points in the treatment of diabetes is diet. We tell you which foods are allowed for type 2 diabetes, and which ones are better to forget about.

A person diagnosed with type 2 diabetes manages to maintain normal blood glucose levels only with the help of a special diet. But in order to achieve excellent results in compensating for the disease, it is important to know what should not be eaten with diabetes, which foods should be limited as much as possible, and which can be consumed without restrictions. It is helpful for people with diabetes to keep a food diary to help control their diet.

What you can eat:

• Animal and vegetable proteins (meat, poultry, fish, eggs, cheese, cottage cheese, legumes).
• Fats of animal and vegetable origin (butter, sour cream and cottage cheese with a high fat content, vegetable oils, nuts).
• Only slow carbohydrates (cereals, vegetables, greens).
• Spices, spices, herbs.

What not to eat:

Products that aggravate carbohydrate metabolism disorders. These include:

• Foods with a high glycemic index (flour, sugar, chocolate, white rice, potatoes, cooked beets, carrots, etc.). Carbohydrates in them are quickly broken down and cause sharp jumps in blood glucose.

• Products containing lactose. It is recommended to limit the consumption of milk and liquid dairy products to 100 ml per day.

• Fructose reduces the sensitivity of cells to insulin, which is already reduced in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, fruits, dried fruits, honey should be limited in the diet (15 g of fructose per day). For example, very sweet fruits (bananas, pears, grapes) should be excluded. It is better to give preference to berries. And use this group of products as a dessert, do not use it as an independent dish. Many snack on fruit – this is wrong.

Type 2 Diabetes Food Chart

Weekly menu for type 2 diabetes mellitus

This is what an approximate diet for a type 2 diabetic looks like. Doctors recommend not to make a menu on your own, but to seek advice from nutritionists.

Monday

Breakfast: buckwheat porridge

Lunch: beef stew with vegetables

Snack: baked apple with cottage cheese

Dinner: pink salmon on vegetable pillow

Tuesday

Breakfast: barley porridge

Lunch: onion soup or beef with vegetables

Snack: cabbage salad with apple

Dinner: lean fish

Wednesday

Breakfast: millet porridge with pumpkin

Lunch: chicken fillets and cereals to choose from allowed

Snack: cottage cheese with berries

Dinner: lean fish or turkey with stewed vegetables

Thursday

Breakfast: scrambled eggs (no more than two eggs per serving)

Lunch: chicken with grits

Afternoon snack: cheesecakes

Dinner: lean beef and vegetables

Friday

Breakfast: cheesecakes

Lunch: white fish fillets in oven with ovo shami

Snack: cabbage salad

Dinner: turkey

Saturday

Breakfast: any porridge from the list of allowed

Lunch: mashed vegetable soup in a slow cooker

Snack: kiwi smoothie

Dinner: chicken or turkey with vegetables 9 0003

Sunday

Breakfast: oatmeal

Lunch: chicken soup

Afternoon snack: salad with celery and walnuts

Dinner: lean fish fillet with vegetables

Results of diet 9 0003

Proper nutrition for type 2 diabetes helps to lose weight, and thus thereby reduce the insulin resistance of cells, in other words, susceptibility to insulin.

Dieting for Type 2 Diabetes may seem tedious at first, but it will eventually become a way of life.

Diabetes is incurable, but it can be controlled and lead a full life. In patients who follow the rules and recommendations, blood sugar normalizes, the general condition of the body improves and immunity increases. A person can also get rid of extra pounds and all sorts of problems associated with diabetes.

You need to remember the main rule – food should be varied. It is important that with food a person receives vitamins and other useful substances necessary for the life of the body.

Natalya Belyaeva, dietitian:

“Type 2 diabetes belongs to the NCD group of diseases – non-communicable diseases characterized by a long duration and slow progression. By the way, in addition to type 2 diabetes, this group also includes cardiovascular diseases, oncological diseases and chronic respiratory diseases.

Nutrition as a component of a proper lifestyle in type 2 diabetes mellitus, of course, must be organized in accordance with the existing metabolic disorders – be complete, contain all macro- and micronutrients. It is important with nutrition not only to correct the disturbed carbohydrate metabolism in such patients, but also to prevent the formation of other problems “ . Diet for Diabetes | Sanatorium Gorny

Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with a lack of insulin production by the pancreas or a violation of its recognition by receptors. Depending on the cause of the disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) is divided into type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.

In addition to drug therapy for diabetes of any type, it is necessary to follow a diet.

General rules. duration of the diet.

Nutrition for diabetes is an essential component of treatment. In mild forms of diabetes, sometimes one diet is enough to reach the target blood glucose level. In more severe cases, drug therapy (oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin) comes to the rescue.

General rules of the diet for diabetes:

• Meals should be frequent and fractional (5-6 times a day), in small portions. This will help avoid large jumps in glycemic levels.

• Meals should be taken at the same hours. The same applies to taking hypoglycemic agents and insulin injections.

• Strict diets and hunger strikes are prohibited

• Cooking methods such as stewing, boiling, steaming and baking are preferred.

• Easily digestible carbohydrates should be excluded from food (sugar, honey, confectionery, jam, bakery products, from white flour).

• The food should contain a large amount of fiber, since such carbohydrates are absorbed more slowly and do not raise blood sugar as sharply.

• Limit the consumption of animal fats (butter, lard, fatty meats).

• It is desirable that the calorie content of food and the amount of carbohydrates be approximately the same on different days, this is especially important when choosing the dose of insulin.

Nutrition for type 1 diabetes:

For type 1 diabetics, it is strictly forbidden to eat simple carbohydrates. These are sugar, honey, flour, chocolate. When you eat these foods, a person’s blood sugar level rises sharply. When compiling the menu, you need to take into account the calorie content of foods and give preference to low-calorie ones. Food should be eaten often, but in small portions, 5-6 meals a day. The basis of the diet should be protein foods, fruits and vegetables.

Nutrition for Type 2 Diabetes:

In type 2 diabetes, it is recommended to normalize weight and control blood sugar levels.

With this diet for diabetes, it is necessary to completely abandon simple carbohydrates (sweets, pastries), sweet fruits (apricots, banana, grapes, cherries, pineapple, watermelon, melon).

You can only eat foods that have a low glycemic index.

Types of diets for different types of diabetes:

For diabetes, diet number 9 is recommended.

What can be done with diabetes? List of allowed products.

In diabetes diet, it is necessary to choose foods with a low glycemic index.

VEGETABLES: Tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, zucchini, green beans.
FRUITS AND BERRIES: Cherry, cranberry, lingonberry, pear, apple.
porridge: Barley, rice, oat, buckwheat.
MEAT: Rabbit, turkey, veal.
FISH: Low-fat river fish.

What not to do with diabetes? List of fully or partially restricted products.

DAIRY PRODUCTS: Kefir, milk.
VEGETABLES: Beets, carrots, potatoes.
GREAT: Wheat, semolina.
FRUITS AND BERRIES: Watermelon, grapes, bananas, raspberries, raisins, melon, kiwi.
MEAT PRODUCTS: Sausages, frankfurters, pork, fatty meats, first meat broths.
SUGAR FOODS: Candy, chocolate, sweet pastries, sugar.

Meal menu for diabetes (Meal plan)

Diet is very important in the treatment of diabetes. If you follow the diet, you can avoid unpleasant relapses. Food should be fractional, 5-6 times a day. If you are overweight, you need to reduce the total daily calorie content of meals.

Recipes for dietary meals for diabetes.

Sample menu for a day with diabetes:

Breakfast: Buckwheat porridge on the water. Baked apple. Unsweetened tea.

Second breakfast: Low-fat cottage cheese pancakes. Rosehip decoction.

Lunch: Fish soup. Steam cutlet with vegetables. Kissel.

Snack: Fruit salad.

Dinner: Lazy cabbage rolls. Unsweetened tea.

Nutritionists’ comments. Pros and cons of the diet.

Compliance with the diet and diet in diabetes mellitus helps to avoid an unwanted rise in blood sugar levels.

“The right choice of a sanatorium is a significant step towards the preservation and enhancement of health. “Gorny” is a resort complex that combines the experience and knowledge of Russian and Soviet balneology. The availability of modern medical equipment and innovative installations, the professionalism of the staff and love for their work will serve as a guarantee for extending longevity,” – the head doctor of the sanatorium Karaulov Alexander Olegovich.