What causes urinary tract infections. How are UTIs diagnosed. What are the common symptoms of a UTI. Who is at higher risk for developing UTIs. How are urinary tract infections treated. Can UTIs be prevented. What complications can arise from untreated UTIs.

Understanding Urinary Tract Infections: An Overview

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections that affect millions of people each year. These infections occur when bacteria, typically from the digestive tract, enter the urinary system and begin to multiply. While UTIs can affect anyone, they are particularly prevalent among women, with one in five developing a UTI during their lifetime.

The urinary system is designed to help prevent infections, with structures like the ureters and bladder working to prevent urine from backing up towards the kidneys. Additionally, the flow of urine helps flush bacteria out of the body. Despite these natural defenses, UTIs can still occur and may lead to various complications if left untreated.

The Causes and Risk Factors of Urinary Tract Infections

UTIs are primarily caused by bacteria, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most common culprit. These bacteria, which normally reside in the colon, can enter the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply. Several factors can increase the risk of developing a UTI:

• Anatomical differences: Women have a shorter urethra, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder.
• Sexual activity: For many women, sexual intercourse can trigger a UTI.
• Birth control methods: Use of diaphragms or condoms with spermicidal foam may increase the risk of UTIs.
• Urinary tract abnormalities: Any obstruction in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones, can increase the risk of infection.
• Enlarged prostate: In men, an enlarged prostate can slow urine flow, increasing the risk of infection.

Recognizing the Symptoms of a Urinary Tract Infection

UTIs can manifest with various symptoms, although some individuals may be asymptomatic. Common signs and symptoms include:

• Frequent and urgent need to urinate
• Burning sensation during urination
• Cloudy or bloody urine
• Pelvic pain in women or rectal fullness in men
• Fatigue and general discomfort
• Fever (if the infection has reached the kidneys)

Do these symptoms always indicate a UTI? While these signs are characteristic of urinary tract infections, they can also be present in other conditions. Therefore, it’s crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosing Urinary Tract Infections: The Process Explained

Proper diagnosis of a UTI is essential for effective treatment. Healthcare providers typically use the following methods:

1. Urine sample analysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected and tested for the presence of bacteria and white blood cells.
2. Urine culture: This test identifies the specific bacteria causing the infection and helps determine the most effective antibiotic treatment.
3. Imaging tests: In some cases, especially for recurrent UTIs, doctors may recommend ultrasounds or CT scans to check for any abnormalities in the urinary tract.

How long does it take to diagnose a UTI? While initial urine tests can provide results within minutes, a urine culture typically takes 24 to 48 hours to yield definitive results.

Treatment Options for Urinary Tract Infections

The primary treatment for UTIs is antibiotics. The choice of antibiotic and duration of treatment depend on several factors:

• The type of bacteria causing the infection
• The severity of the infection
• Whether it’s a first-time or recurrent infection
• The patient’s overall health and medical history

Commonly prescribed antibiotics for UTIs include:

• Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)
• Fosfomycin (Monurol)
• Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid, Macrodantin)
• Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

How quickly do UTI symptoms improve with antibiotics? Many people experience relief from symptoms within a few days of starting antibiotic treatment. However, it’s crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics as prescribed, even if symptoms subside, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.

UTIs During Pregnancy: Special Considerations

While pregnant women are not necessarily more prone to UTIs, the consequences of an untreated infection can be more severe during pregnancy. Hormonal changes and physical shifts in the urinary tract can make it easier for bacteria to travel to the kidneys, potentially leading to complications.

Are there safe antibiotics for treating UTIs during pregnancy? Yes, certain antibiotics are considered safe for use during pregnancy. However, the choice of medication should always be made in consultation with a healthcare provider who can weigh the benefits and risks based on the individual’s specific situation.

Monitoring UTIs During Pregnancy

Due to the potential risks, many healthcare providers recommend periodic urine testing for pregnant women, even in the absence of symptoms. This proactive approach allows for early detection and treatment of UTIs, reducing the risk of complications for both mother and baby.

Preventing Urinary Tract Infections: Practical Strategies

While not all UTIs can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes and habits can help reduce the risk of infection:

• Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps flush bacteria from the urinary tract.
• Practice good hygiene: Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from the anal area from entering the urethra.
• Urinate after sexual intercourse: This can help flush out any bacteria that may have entered the urethra during sex.
• Avoid irritating feminine products: Douches and powders can irritate the urethra and increase the risk of infection.
• Consider alternative birth control methods: If you’re prone to UTIs and use diaphragms or spermicide-coated condoms, discuss other options with your healthcare provider.

Can cranberry juice prevent UTIs? While some studies suggest that cranberry products may help prevent UTIs, the evidence is mixed. If you choose to use cranberry products, it’s best to do so in addition to, not instead of, other preventive measures.

Complications of Untreated Urinary Tract Infections

Left untreated, UTIs can lead to serious complications:

• Kidney infections (pyelonephritis): Bacteria can travel from the bladder to the kidneys, causing a more severe infection.
• Sepsis: In rare cases, the infection can enter the bloodstream, leading to a life-threatening condition called sepsis.
• Recurrent infections: Some people may experience frequent UTIs, which can impact quality of life and potentially lead to antibiotic resistance.
• Pregnancy complications: Untreated UTIs during pregnancy can increase the risk of preterm labor and low birth weight.

How quickly can a UTI progress to a kidney infection? While it varies, a bladder infection can sometimes spread to the kidneys within a few days if left untreated. This underscores the importance of seeking prompt medical attention for suspected UTIs.

Long-Term Effects of Chronic UTIs

For individuals who experience recurrent UTIs, there may be long-term consequences to consider:

• Kidney damage: Repeated kidney infections can lead to scarring and potentially impair kidney function over time.
• Antibiotic resistance: Frequent use of antibiotics to treat UTIs can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
• Psychological impact: Chronic UTIs can affect mental health, leading to anxiety or depression related to the recurring nature of the infections.

How can the long-term effects of chronic UTIs be mitigated? Management strategies may include low-dose prophylactic antibiotics, lifestyle modifications, and regular check-ups with a urologist or urogynecologist to monitor and address any developing complications.

Emerging Research and Future Directions in UTI Management

The field of UTI research is continually evolving, with scientists exploring new approaches to prevention and treatment:

• Vaccine development: Researchers are working on vaccines that could prevent E. coli from attaching to the urinary tract.
• Probiotics: Studies are investigating the potential of beneficial bacteria to prevent UTIs by outcompeting harmful bacteria.
• Novel antibiotic alternatives: Scientists are exploring non-antibiotic treatments to combat antibiotic-resistant UTIs.
• Personalized medicine: Advances in genetic testing may lead to more tailored treatment approaches based on individual risk factors and bacterial profiles.

What promising new treatments for UTIs are on the horizon? While research is ongoing, some exciting possibilities include bacteriophage therapy, which uses viruses that specifically target harmful bacteria, and immunomodulatory drugs that enhance the body’s natural defense against UTIs.

The Role of Microbiome Research in UTI Prevention

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the urinary microbiome—the community of microorganisms that naturally inhabit the urinary tract. Understanding the delicate balance of this ecosystem could lead to new strategies for preventing and treating UTIs:

• Microbiome restoration: Researchers are exploring ways to restore a healthy urinary microbiome after antibiotic treatment.
• Biomarker identification: Studies aim to identify microbial signatures that could predict UTI risk or indicate the presence of an infection before symptoms appear.
• Prebiotics for urinary health: Investigation into substances that could promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the urinary tract is underway.

How might understanding the urinary microbiome change UTI treatment in the future? As research progresses, we may see a shift towards more targeted therapies that aim to restore balance to the urinary microbiome rather than broadly eliminating bacteria. This approach could potentially reduce the reliance on antibiotics and decrease the risk of recurrent infections.

Special Populations and UTI Risk: Children, Elderly, and Immunocompromised Individuals

While UTIs can affect anyone, certain populations face unique challenges and may require special considerations:

UTIs in Children

UTIs in children, especially young children, can be challenging to diagnose as symptoms may be nonspecific. Some key points to consider:

• Symptoms in infants may include fever, irritability, and poor feeding.
• Recurrent UTIs in children may indicate an underlying anatomical abnormality.
• Proper hygiene practices and regular bathroom breaks are crucial for prevention.

Elderly and UTIs

Older adults are more susceptible to UTIs due to various factors:

• Weakened immune systems
• Decreased mobility, which can lead to incomplete bladder emptying
• Enlarged prostate in men
• Post-menopausal changes in women

In the elderly, UTIs may present with atypical symptoms such as confusion, agitation, or changes in behavior, making diagnosis challenging.

Immunocompromised Individuals

People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, undergoing chemotherapy, or taking immunosuppressive medications, are at higher risk for UTIs and may experience more severe infections. Special considerations for this group include:

• More frequent monitoring for UTIs
• Potential need for longer or more aggressive antibiotic treatment
• Increased focus on preventive measures

How do treatment approaches differ for these special populations? Healthcare providers may opt for different antibiotic regimens, longer treatment durations, or more intensive follow-up care based on the specific needs and risk factors of these groups.

The Economic and Social Impact of Urinary Tract Infections

UTIs not only affect individual health but also have broader societal and economic implications:

• Healthcare costs: UTIs account for millions of doctor visits and hospitalizations annually, resulting in significant healthcare expenditures.
• Lost productivity: Time off work or school due to UTI symptoms and treatment can impact economic productivity.
• Quality of life: Chronic or recurrent UTIs can significantly affect an individual’s social life, relationships, and overall well-being.
• Antibiotic resistance: The frequent use of antibiotics for UTI treatment contributes to the growing global concern of antibiotic resistance.

What strategies can be implemented to reduce the societal burden of UTIs? Public health initiatives focusing on education, prevention, and appropriate antibiotic use could help mitigate the impact of UTIs on a broader scale. Additionally, investing in research for new treatments and preventive measures could lead to long-term reductions in the economic and social costs associated with these common infections.

The Role of Telemedicine in UTI Management

The rise of telemedicine has introduced new opportunities for managing UTIs:

• Remote consultations: Patients can discuss symptoms with healthcare providers without an in-person visit.
• At-home testing kits: Some services offer UTI testing kits that can be used at home and reviewed by a healthcare professional remotely.
• Digital follow-ups: Telemedicine platforms allow for easy follow-up care and monitoring of treatment progress.

How effective is telemedicine for managing UTIs? While telemedicine can be convenient and effective for many cases, it’s important to note that some situations may still require in-person evaluation, especially for complex or recurrent infections.

Facts about URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

What are the causes of urinary tract infections?

Normal urine is sterile. It
contains fluids, salts and waste products, but it is free of bacteria, viruses
and fungi. An infection occurs when microorganisms, usually bacteria from the
digestive tract, cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply.
Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli),
which normally lives in the colon.

In most cases, bacteria first
begin growing in the urethra. An infection limited to the urethra is called
urethritis. From there bacteria often move on to the bladder, causing a bladder
infection (cystitis). If the infection is not treated promptly, bacteria may
then go up the ureters to infect the kidneys (pyelonephritis).

The urinary system is structured
in a way that helps ward off infection. The ureters and bladder normally
prevent urine from backing up toward the kidneys, and the flow of urine from
the bladder helps wash bacteria out of the body. In men, the prostate gland
produces secretions that slow bacterial growth. In both sexes, immune defenses
also prevent infection. Despite these safeguards, infections still occur.

Are women at a higher risk
for UTIs?

Some people are more prone to
getting a UTI than others. Any abnormality of the urinary tract that obstructs
the flow of urine (a kidney stone, for example) sets the stage for an
infection. An enlarged prostate gland also can slow the flow of urine, thus
raising the risk of infection. Scientists are not sure why women have more
urinary infections than men. One factor may be that a woman’s urethra is
short, allowing bacteria quick access to the bladder. Also, a woman’s
urethral opening is near sources of bacteria from the anus and vagina. For many
women, sexual intercourse seems to trigger an infection, although the reasons
for this linkage are unclear. One woman in five develops a UTI during her
lifetime.

According to several studies,
women who use a diaphragm are more likely to develop a UTI than women who use
other forms of birth control. Recently, researchers found that women whose
partners use a condom with spermicidal foam also tend to have growth of E. coli
bacteria in the vagina, which may increase the risk of a UTI.

Infections in Pregnancy


Pregnant women seem no more prone to UTIs than other women. However, when a UTI
does occur, it is more likely to travel to the kidneys. According to some
reports, about 2 to 4 percent of pregnant women develop a urinary infection.
Scientists think that hormonal changes and shifts in the position of the
urinary tract during pregnancy make it easier for bacteria to travel up the
ureters to the kidneys. For this reason, many doctors recommend periodic
testing of urine.

What are the Symptoms of UTI?

Not everyone with a UTI has
symptoms, but most people have at least one. Symptons may include a frequent
urge to urinate and a painful, burning feeling in the area of the bladder or
urethra during urination. It is not unusual to feel bad all over—tired,
shaky, washed out—and to feel pain even when not urinating. Often, women
feel an uncomfortable pressure above the pubic bone, and some men experience a
fullness in the rectum. It is common for a person with a urinary infection to
complain that, despite the urge to urinate, only a small amount of urine is
passed. The urine itself may look milky or cloudy, even reddish if blood is
present. A fever may mean that the infection has reached the kidneys. Other
symptoms of a kidney infection include pain in the back or side below the ribs,
nausea or vomiting.

How is UTI Diagnosed?

To find out whether you have a
UTI, your doctor will test a sample of urine for pus and bacteria. You will be
asked to give a “clean catch” urine sample by washing the genital
area and collecting a “midstream” sample of urine in a sterile
container. This method of collecting urine helps prevent bacteria around the
genital area from getting into the sample and confusing the test results.

How is UTI Treated?

UTIs are treated with
antibacterial drugs. The choice of drug and length of treatment depends on the
patient’s history and the urine tests that identify the offending
bacteria. The sensitivity test is especially useful in helping the doctor
select the most effective drug. Often a UTI can be cured with one or two days
of treatment if the infection is not complicated by an obstruction or nervous
system disorder. Still, many doctors ask their patients to take antibiotics for
a week or two to ensure that the infection has been cured.

More information about urinary
tract infections can be obtained by contacting:

National Institutes of Health, National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse

800-891-5390
http://kidney. niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/utiadult/index.htm

The Difference Between Overactive Bladder and UTI

Two-thirds of women experience urinary tract discomfort. If you’re one of them, you might be wondering if a urinary tract infection or an overactive bladder is the cause. Both urinary tract infection UTI and overactive bladder are characterized by a … Read More

By CMG-Atlanta — October 19, 2020

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Two-thirds of women experience urinary tract discomfort. If you’re one of them, you might be wondering if a urinary tract infection or an overactive bladder is the cause.

Both urinary tract infection UTI and overactive bladder are characterized by a strong, frequent urge to urinate. That can make it difficult to know if your symptoms are the result of an overactive bladder or UTI. In fact, research finds that many women with overactive bladder are often misdiagnosed with UTI, resulting in improper treatment and overuse of unnecessary antibiotics.

Despite their overlapping symptoms, UTI and overactive bladder are completely different conditions. Overactive bladder, as its name hints, happens when the bladder muscles contract excessively. A UTI, by comparison, is most often a bacterial infection of the bladder, although it can occasionally infect the kidneys.

How can you tell the difference between overactive bladder and UTI? Here are the symptoms, causes and treatments to know about.

UTI Vs. Overactive Bladder Signs and Symptoms

Roughly half of all women will develop a UTI at some point in their lives. Yet only 16 percent of women suffer from overactive bladder. If you suspect you have an overactive bladder or UTI it can be helpful to know the most common symptoms of each.

UTI Symptoms

With a bladder infection you may experience any, or all, of the following:

• A frequent, urgent need to urinate
• Pain or burning while voiding
• Passing scant amounts of urine, despite a strong impulse to empty your bladder
• Bloody or cloudy urine
• Abdominal pressure or cramps

If the kidneys are infected you may experience:

• Fever
• Chills
• Nausea and vomiting
• Pain in the lower back or the side of the back

Overactive Bladder Symptoms

• A frequent, urgent need to urinate
• Urinating eight or more times in 24 hours
• Leaking urine after a strong urge to urinate
• Waking up during the night to use the bathroom

Three Key Differences Between Overactive Bladder or UTI Symptoms

1. Timing: UTI usually starts suddenly, while overactive bladder is a chronic, ongoing condition.
2. Pain: While overactive bladder is uncomfortable, it doesn’t cause painful urination.
3. Blood in the urine: Overactive bladder doesn’t cause bloody or cloudy urine that may be present with UTI.

Causes and Risk Factors of Overactive Bladder or UTI

Even though UTI and overactive bladder affect the same part of the body, their causes and risk factors are very different. While anyone can get a UTI, women’s bodies are especially susceptible because of the length and location of the female urethra the tube that attaches to the bladder to remove urine from the body. Since a woman’s urethra is short, bacteria doesn’t have to travel very far to cause infection. In addition, the female urethra is located close to the rectum, making it easy for bacteria from the skin and rectum to easily enter the urinary tract.

Overactive bladder is caused by a completely different mechanism than UTI. Normally, when the bladder fills with urine, nerve impulses send signals to the brain that the bladder is full. As your brain receives these signals, the bladder wall muscles begin to contract to force out urine. With overactive bladder the bladder wall becomes hyperactive, contracting too frequently and forcefully. This can even happen when the bladder isn’t full.

UTI Causes and Risk Factors

• Previous UTIs
• Sexual activity
• A new sexual partner
• Use of spermicide-containing contraceptives
• Pregnancy
• Menopause
• Diabetes
• Increasing age
• Kidney stones
• Ignoring the urge to void
• Improper hygiene

Overactive Bladder Causes and Risk Factors

• Changes in hormones during menopause
• Diabetes
• Stroke
• Multiple sclerosis
• Bladder tumors or stones
• Certain medications
• Consuming large amounts of caffeine or alcohol
• Age-related changes in cognitive function

Diagnosis and Treatment

Just like overactive bladder and UTI have distinct causes, they are also diagnosed and treated differently. UTI is diagnosed by a simple lab test that looks for bacteria in the urine. Diagnosing overactive bladder involves multiple steps. In addition to performing a physical exam, your doctor may order several tests including x-rays, ultrasound and tests that assess urine leakage from the bladder.

Are you likely to experience overactive bladder after UTI or can an overactive bladder cause UTI? One study reports that 11 percent of women are prone to both, however it’s unclear if an overactive bladder can cause UTI or visa-versa.

Treatment

UTI Treatment

Treatment for UTI is short and targeted. If lab tests indicate that you have a urinary tract infection, your doctor will prescribe a course of antibiotics and may recommend certain over-the-counter pain relievers.

Overactive Bladder Treatment

Because overactive bladder is a chronic condition, treatment consists of a multi-pronged approach including:

• Diet and exercise
• Weight loss, if indicated
• Reducing or eliminating caffeine and alcohol
• Stopping smoking, if you’re a smoker
• Kegel exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles
• Avoiding bubble baths and harsh soaps
• Managing chronic illnesses that may be linked to symptoms, such as diabetes.
• Scheduling bathroom times to retrain the bladder
• Medication to reduce bladder contractions

Whether it’s an overactive bladder or UTI, urinary tract discomfort can impact the quality of your life. It can be helpful to know that both of these conditions are treatable. If you are experiencing urinary pain, burning or frequency call us at 678-201-1283 or schedule an appointment online at www.advancedgynecology.com.

Frequent urination in women, men: causes, treatment in Kyiv

Some general information about frequent urination

It is believed that a person has 4-7 urination per day. This is the norm.

Urinary frequency is three to five times more common in women than in men.

Women who have multiple sexual partners visit the toilet more often.

According to statistics (D. Mert, 1998), 30% of women have at least once in their lives had a urinary tract infection .

Frequent urination often occurs in women along with vaginitis .

Men with prostatitis visit the toilet more often . With urethritis, especially acute, pain is felt at the beginning of urination. And with cystitis – at the end.

The question “Why do I pee so often?” or “Why do I go to the toilet in a small way so often?” asks itself about 2% of the population.

In this article:

Most likely causes of frequent urination

Excess water intake

The fluid you receive is not only water. A person gets 20-30% of water from food and drinks. Excess water will make you urinate more often.

Frequent urination can reduce the amount of salt in the blood and be harmful to health.

Therefore, drink should be dosed so that the urine remains clear or light yellow. But don’t drink too much. It is estimated that in total a person should receive about 2 liters of fluid per day.

Urinary tract infection

Infection is the most common cause of frequent urination. As a rule, bacteria enter from the outside through the urethra (through the urethra). This can happen during sexual intercourse, when swimming in pools and ponds, if hygiene is not observed. For example, when touching the genitals with unwashed hands, during unprotected or oral sex . According to statistics, frequent and painful urination is most often observed in women at the most sexually active age of 15-44 years.

Pathogenic bacteria enter through the urethra and travel up into the bladder. Thus, cystitis occurs. They can reach the kidneys and cause pyelonephritis.

The bladder becomes inflamed and cannot hold much urine. The urge to urinate occurs with even a slight filling of the bladder. In this case, the urine may become cloudy and have an unusual smell. If a person begins to go to the toilet more often and at the same time begins to experience fever, chills, nausea, and pain in the side or lower abdomen, an urgent examination is needed.

Although, there are infections that do not cause inflammation and can occur without frequent urination. In this case, cause, for example, Reiter’s syndrome .

Diagnosing the causes of frequent urination is not very difficult if the doctor’s qualifications are sufficient. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs , Ultrasound examination of the bladder and gynecological ultrasound in women and Ultrasound of the prostate gland in men . As well as a clear methodological approach to taking samples and conducting laboratory tests.

If you suddenly experience frequent urination, frequent urination at night, a desire to go to the toilet often, then the most likely cause is an infection. The answer to the question “why do I run to the toilet every 15 minutes?” rests only on qualitative diagnostics.

О examination , diagnosis and treatment of with frequent urination will be carried out at the Center “Meddiagnostika”, left bank, 250 meters from the Darnitsa metro station, along the Stroiteley lane, 4

Inflammation of the bladder, which causes frequent trips to the toilet – this is usually not “bladder cold from hypothermia”.

Hypothermia causes an exacerbation of bladder cystitis. Cystitis, which is more often caused by an infection.

Do not follow TV commercials. Consult a doctor for examination and qualified treatment.

Also causes of frequent urination can be:

Diabetes mellitus

There are two types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. Diabetes is accompanied by an increase in blood sugar levels. The kidneys try to filter out the sugar. Therefore, a healthy person should not have sugar in the urine.

Increased sugar concentration increases blood osmolarity and requires more water. This is accompanied by more abundant and frequent urination. The body tries to get rid of excess water in the bloodstream. This causes the person to urinate more. Frequent desire to go to the toilet is one of the first and most characteristic signs of diabetes. Talk to your doctor if you suddenly start to urinate more than usual.

Diabetes insipidus

This condition is different from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes insipidus occurs when there is insufficient production of vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone. This hormone is secreted in the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland. Vasopressin instructs the kidneys to retain fluid in the body. If this hormone is not enough, the kidneys secrete more fluid. Urination becomes more frequent. The amount of urine can reach an impressive volume – up to 15 liters per day. This is five times more than usual. Your doctor can help you manage this condition with medication. But, first of all, you need to examine hypothalamus and pituitary . These are the areas where antidiuretic hormone is synthesized. A decrease in its secretion can lead to frequent urination.

The state of the pituitary gland and the brain, taking into account the structure of the hypothalamus, as well as the state of blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid flow, can be diagnosed using MRI and ultrasound at the Meddiagnostika Center.

Take d Iuretic ov

Diuretics are medications that increase the flow of fluid from the body.

These drugs are used, for example, for high blood pressure, liver and kidney problems. Diuretics cause the kidneys to produce more urine, which increases the frequency of urination. It should be remembered that frequent urination with large amounts of urine leads to the loss of electrolytes – sodium and potassium. This can adversely affect health. Dizziness, headache and nausea may occur. Talk to your doctor about the specifics of taking a diuretic.

Irritable bladder syndrome

You may feel an urge to urinate. At the same time, little urine is excreted. More often, this condition is accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen, which increases when you urinate or have sex.

This happens when the bladder tissue is inflamed. An inflamed bladder is very sensitive. Even minimal filling of the bladder with urine causes the urge to urinate. While the bubble is almost empty.

More often, an irritated bladder occurs when foreign flora enters ( infections and and urinary tract ).

An irritable bladder condition may occur with a tumor in the bladder or prostate. It can occur with urinary diathesis (increased excretion of salts by the kidneys), etc. To establish the cause, a clinical analysis of the patient’s condition and examination are needed.

It is irrational and even dangerous to treat such conditions on your own without diagnostics. So, for the treatment of infectious interstitial cystitis or, for example, urinary diathesis, diet and exercise are not enough. Moreover, it is not safe to thoughtlessly use the first medicines for cystitis that come across. Treatment should be verified and safe for health.

An irritated bladder is usually accompanied not only by frequent urination, but also by more l in the lower abdomen .

Kidney stones

Salts, if taken in excess, can irritate the bladder. There is usually a more pronounced (strong) urge to urinate. In this case, less urine is excreted.

If stones larger than sand pass through the ureters, nausea, fever, chills and intense pain in the side, back pain may occur. This pain may radiate to the front of the abdomen and down to the groin.

Overweight, dehydration, high-protein diets, as well as a detailed urinalysis and ultrasound of the kidneys with ureters allow us to understand the cause of this condition.

Salts lead to the formation of kidney stones. Therefore, an irritated bladder caused by the release of salts may be the first call to the prospect of stone formation.

Stones may pass on their own. If this does not happen with large stones, surgery or lithotripsy (ultrasonic crushing of stones) may be necessary.

Pregnancy

As the baby grows in the mother’s belly, it takes up more space and puts pressure on the bladder. This makes the woman go to the toilet more often.

But in order for the embryo implanted in the uterus to live, the body must produce a special pregnancy hormone: human chorionic gonadotropin . This hormone not only promotes pregnancy, but also makes a woman urinate more often.

Consult your gynecologist. Talk to your doctor if it hurts to urinate or you see a change in the color or smell of your urine. Gynecologist in Kyiv

Stroke and other neurological diseases

A stroke can affect the nerves that control bladder function. In this case, there may be frequent urge to urinate with a small amount of urine. Neurological diseases such as Parkinson’s disease or parkinsonism, multiple sclerosis, diseases of the spinal cord, etc. may be accompanied by urination disorders.

The treatment of such neurological problems requires the involvement of a neurologist doctor.

B aginitis

Vaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina in women. Vaginitis is often accompanied by urethritis and cystitis, in which you often want to go to the toilet in a small way. The cause of such inflammation is infection with infection: bacteria, viruses, fungi. Vaginitis can occur with dysbacteriosis after inappropriate use of antimicrobials, as well as with hormonal disorders.

Also, inflammation of the vaginal mucosa can occur due to chemical additives in creams, sprays, when touching clothing.

Vaginitis with urethritis and cystitis usually go together and are more often bacterial. They are accompanied by itching and burning during urination, pain during sex.

Foreign discharge and odor may appear. And, of course, the feeling that you constantly want to go to the toilet in a small way.

Statistics show that about 30% of women have a urinary tract infection at least once in their lives. As a rule, this more often affects women who are sexually active about .

Excess alcohol and caffeine

Alcohol and caffeine act as a diuretic. Their use removes a lot of fluid from the body. The reason for this effect is the effect of alcohol on the hypothalamus, where the production of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone) is regulated. Alcohol reduces the production of this hormone. Therefore, fluid is excreted from the body in large quantities. The body tries to quickly get rid of a not very useful product.

Weak pelvic muscles. Or weak Pelvis

Pelvic floor muscles are involved in the retention of urine and the act of urination. If for some reason the muscles are weakened, stretched (as is more often the case with age), there is a prolapse of the pelvic organs and even their prolapse . All this is accompanied by increased urination. Sometimes – urinary incontinence.

If a woman often goes to the toilet in a small way, or there are signs of urinary incontinence, not only a consultation with a gynecologist is required. There are cases when a neurologist is involved to exclude the neurological nature of urination disorders.

Menopause

Around age 50, a woman’s body produces less female sex hormones. Menopause is coming. This can cause a woman to go to the toilet more often, among other things. In this case, you should contact your gynecologist for hormone replacement therapy, diet changes and other methods of treating the manifestations of menop and ties.

Tumor

Both malignant (cancer) and benign tumors of the bladder and genitourinary area can make you urinate more. If it is a tumor of the bladder, it irritates its wall and urination may become more frequent. With large tumors of the pelvic area, there is mechanical pressure on the bladder, which also increases urination. Blood in the urine is the most important sign of cancer. Talk to your doctor if you start frequenting the bathroom, if you have pain or burning when you urinate, if you see blood in your urine, if you have pain in your lower abdomen, or if it hurts to urinate.

The most important and first procedure after the initial examination and questioning of the patient is an ultrasound of the pelvic organs and a referral for a laboratory examination.

If you need clarification at the Center, you can undergo MRI of the pelvic organs , a diagnostic procedure that will help establish the correct diagnosis.

Prostate (prostate)

The prostate is the size of a walnut. An important organ that secretes a secret for sperm and at the same time is a valve for closing the entrance to the bladder at the time of erection.

The prostate gland is part of the genitourinary system and therefore any flora can settle not only in the urethra and bladder, but also in the prostate.

Inflammation of the prostate – prostatitis . Because the prostate is in direct contact with the bladder, prostatitis causes frequent urination.

Moreover, untreated or improperly treated prostatitis eventually leads to the development of prostate adenoma.

One of the signs of adenoma is frequent urination in men.

If a man often starts to go to the toilet in a small way, the first thing to examine is the prostate gland. To do this, ultrasound examination of the prostate gland , urine tests are carried out.

Prostate adenoma can turn into cancer.

Timely diagnosis allows effective treatment of early prostate cancer without surgery.

Prostate MRI if necessary

The photo below shows early detection of prostate cancer using MRI.

You can get MRI examination of the pelvic organs with contrast at the Meddiagnostika Center, left bank, 250 meters from the Darnitsa metro station, along Stroiteley lane, 4.

Your doctor can help identify the causes of frequent urination and cure it your enlarged prostate.

Constipation

If you haven’t had a bowel movement (constipation) for a while, your bowels may overflow and put pressure on your bladder. This may be the reason for frequent urination.

Constipation can weaken the pelvic floor muscles. These muscles help control bowel and bladder function. Discuss with your doctor how to make your stool regular.

Sleep apnea

Deep sleep is accompanied by the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This hormone causes you to retain fluid at night. One must sleep at night. At the moment of waking up, the nervous mechanism of triggering urination is triggered: there comes a feeling of a full bladder and the need to urinate.

If ADH is secreted incorrectly, the bladder may fill faster than expected. This may cause the person to go to the toilet at night.

In the horizontal position, the cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure change markedly. Especially in the area of ​​the hypothalamus and pituitary gland – those parts of the brain that control the release of ADH. Temporary interruption of breathing during sleep apnea increases intracranial pressure, which can affect the work of the hypothalamus and the release of ADH.

D Diagnosis and treatment of frequent urination is carried out at the Meddiagnostika Center, left bank, 250 meters from the Darnitsa metro station, along the Stroiteley lane, 4

How to recognize be an unscrupulous employer – Work.

ua

Advice for job seekers

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• Tips for Job Seekers

  Career

Any employer may not be what they seem. It is very important during the job search period not to waste your strength, nerves and, most importantly, time on unscrupulous employers.

Every applicant through negligence or ignorance can get to an unscrupulous employer or even to scammers. During the job search period, we are most vulnerable and gullible, because of which we can waste precious time. Work.ua has compiled a list of signs by which you can identify unwanted employers and scammers so as not to fall for their bait.

Job advertisement

• Job advertisements are posted on poles, fences, bus stops.
• The ad contains a vague job description: office work, often offered a job in a new office in the city center, with papers, with people.
• The announcement refers to a limited number of vacancies.
• Promises of unbelievably high salary.
• Low and vague requirements for applicants are indicated: purposefulness, decency, no work experience.
• There is no complete contact information in the ad.
• Contact phone numbers have the code 070 or 090. These are fraudulent phone numbers.

A good job posting should include the full company name, industry, job title, clear job requirements, job responsibilities, working conditions, adequate salary, and full contact information.

Meeting, telephone or e-mail conversation with a company representative

• The representative of the company does not voice its name, limiting itself only to template expressions such as “large”, “dynamic”, “rapidly developing”. Or a fictitious name is given.
• The field of activity of the company is not specified.
• The company’s field of activity is strange or unusual. For example, dissemination of information about services, production and marketing of cosmetics or consumer goods, networking, etc.
• A company representative vaguely indicates your future position.
• The representative is ready to talk about job responsibilities only at the interview, and not over the phone.
• There is an evasion of the question of the amount of wages or there is pressure with the words “who discusses this at the first communication.”
• At the stage of consideration of your candidacy, you are asked to provide a copy of your passport by mail.
• Under various pretexts, they are asked to send an SMS message.

Remember, you can safely ask for the name of the organization, your position and duties. And we must get direct and understandable answers to these questions. If you have any suspicions, then check the Internet for information about the company whose name was given to you, and the contact phone number.

External signs

• The interview site is untidy or basement, and the name of the company is written on a shabby sign or printed on an A4 sheet.
• The place is a semi-empty unstructured space for jobs, the number of people in which exceeds the jobs. There is no sign or plate with the name of the company.

If you notice austerity or splurge, you probably won’t see a job.

Interview

• Very mass interview with a large number of candidates.
• The interview begins with a conversation about success and dreams.
• At the interview, they are forced to fill out a large number of questionnaires, other papers and applications that are not necessary.
• They ask to pay a certain amount, claiming that it is necessary for paperwork, purchase of educational literature, etc.
• The interviewer promises to supervise you personally and teach you how to make money quickly.
• Inconsistency of information at the interview with previously received information.

Please note that you can get up and leave at any time, no one can oblige you to anything.

And more

There are a number of other signs by which you can identify an unscrupulous employer:

• The employer is postponing the signing of an employment contract.
• Lack of any job descriptions and an explicit list of your responsibilities.
• You are immediately entrusted with a complex and responsible task that your predecessor did not complete.
• Fines are imposed on you for ridiculous or far-fetched infractions.

Work.ua encourages you to be vigilant, not to rush to grab every opportunity and do everything deliberately. There is no easy money, just like there is no free cheese.

Related article: Signs of a troubled employer

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