What causes a fishy smell in the vagina. How can you tell if vaginal odor is normal or a sign of infection. When should you see a doctor for vaginal odor. What are effective home remedies for fishy vaginal smell. Is chlamydia associated with fishy odor.

Understanding Vaginal Odor: What’s Normal and What’s Not

A healthy vagina naturally has a mild, musky scent that can vary throughout the menstrual cycle. However, a strong fishy odor is often a sign that something is amiss. While concerning, in many cases a fishy smell can be addressed with simple home remedies or lifestyle changes. Let’s explore the potential causes and solutions for fishy vaginal odor.

Is a fishy smell always cause for concern?

Not necessarily. A subtle fishy scent that dissipates after bathing may be normal, especially after sexual activity or during menstruation. However, a persistent or strong fishy odor, particularly when accompanied by other symptoms like itching or unusual discharge, warrants medical attention.

Common Causes of Fishy Vaginal Odor

Several factors can contribute to a fishy smell emanating from the vaginal area. Understanding these causes is crucial for proper treatment and prevention.

Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common causes of fishy vaginal odor. It occurs when there’s an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina, disrupting the natural balance of microorganisms.

• Symptoms: Strong fishy odor, especially after sex; thin, grayish-white discharge
• Treatment: Usually requires prescription antibiotics
• Prevention: Avoid douching, use condoms, limit sexual partners

Trichomoniasis

This sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a parasite can lead to a fishy odor, along with other symptoms.

• Symptoms: Fishy odor, greenish-yellow discharge, itching, painful urination
• Treatment: Prescription antiparasitic medication
• Prevention: Practice safe sex, get regular STI screenings

Hygiene and Lifestyle Factors Affecting Vaginal Odor

Sometimes, simple lifestyle changes can help eliminate fishy vaginal odor. Proper hygiene practices play a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health and preventing unpleasant odors.

How can I improve my vaginal hygiene?

Follow these tips to maintain good vaginal hygiene:

1. Wipe from front to back after using the toilet
2. Urinate after sexual intercourse
3. Change underwear daily, or more often if you sweat excessively
4. Use unscented laundry detergent for underwear
5. Cleanse the vulva gently with mild, unscented soap and water

Avoid using harsh soaps, douches, or scented products in the vaginal area, as these can disrupt the natural pH balance and worsen odor issues.

The Impact of Menstrual Products on Vaginal Odor

Menstrual products can sometimes contribute to fishy vaginal odor, especially if not used properly or changed frequently enough.

Can tampons cause a fishy smell?

Yes, a forgotten or old tampon can lead to a foul, fishy odor. To prevent this:

• Change tampons regularly according to your flow
• Choose the right absorbency for your needs
• Never leave a tampon in for more than 8 hours

If you suspect you’ve left a tampon in for too long, remove it carefully as soon as possible. Seek medical attention if you can’t remove it or experience symptoms like high fever, vomiting, or rash, as these could indicate toxic shock syndrome.

Hormonal Changes and Vaginal Odor

Hormonal fluctuations throughout a woman’s life can impact vaginal odor, including during the menstrual cycle and menopause.

Why does vaginal odor change during my menstrual cycle?

You might notice a fishy smell just before or after your period due to changes in vaginal pH and bacteria levels. During menstruation, the mixture of blood (which has a higher pH) and uterine lining with vaginal flora can alter the scent. This is generally normal and should resolve on its own.

During menopause, hormonal shifts can also influence vaginal odor and lead to dryness, potentially causing a fishy smell. If this becomes persistent or bothersome, consult with your healthcare provider about potential treatments.

When to Seek Medical Attention for Vaginal Odor

While many cases of fishy vaginal odor can be addressed at home, certain situations require professional medical evaluation.

When should I see a doctor about vaginal odor?

Consult a healthcare provider if:

• The fishy odor persists despite home remedies
• You experience itching, burning, or bleeding along with the odor
• You have concerns about sexually transmitted infections
• You’re pregnant and notice a strong fishy smell

A healthcare professional can perform necessary tests to diagnose the underlying cause and recommend appropriate treatment.

Debunking Myths: Chlamydia and Vaginal Odor

There are many misconceptions about sexually transmitted infections and their symptoms. Let’s address a common question regarding chlamydia and vaginal odor.

Does chlamydia cause a fishy smell?

Contrary to popular belief, chlamydia typically does not cause a fishy vaginal odor. Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that often goes undetected because it frequently presents no symptoms. While it can lead to vaginitis in some cases, chlamydia generally remains odorless.

If you suspect you might have chlamydia or any other STI, it’s crucial to get tested. Symptoms of chlamydia, when present, may include:

• Abnormal vaginal discharge
• Burning sensation during urination
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Lower abdominal pain

Remember, the absence of symptoms doesn’t mean you’re not infected. Regular STI screenings are essential for sexually active individuals.

Home Remedies and Prevention Strategies for Fishy Vaginal Odor

While medical treatment may be necessary in some cases, there are several home remedies and preventive measures you can try to address and prevent fishy vaginal odor.

What are effective home remedies for fishy vaginal odor?

Try these strategies to combat fishy vaginal odor:

1. Switch to gentle, fragrance-free cleansers for your intimate area
2. Avoid scented soaps, bubble baths, and vaginal deodorants
3. Wear breathable, cotton underwear
4. Practice good hygiene, especially during menstruation
5. Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet
6. Consider taking probiotics to support vaginal health

It’s important to note that while these remedies can be helpful, they may not address underlying medical conditions. If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare provider.

Is douching recommended for fishy vaginal odor?

No, douching is not recommended for addressing fishy vaginal odor. In fact, douching can often exacerbate the problem by disrupting the vagina’s natural pH balance and beneficial bacteria. Only use douches if specifically prescribed by a healthcare provider for medical reasons.

Special Considerations: Pregnancy and Postpartum Vaginal Odor

Pregnancy and the postpartum period can bring about changes in vaginal health, including odor. It’s important to be aware of potential issues during these times.

Should I be concerned about fishy vaginal odor during pregnancy?

A fishy odor in urine or vaginal discharge during pregnancy could indicate a urinary tract infection or bacterial vaginosis. These conditions, if left untreated, may increase the risk of complications such as preterm birth or low birth weight. Always consult your healthcare provider if you notice unusual odors during pregnancy.

In the postpartum period, the development of a fishy vaginal odor could be a sign of a postpartum infection. It’s crucial to follow up with your healthcare provider to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Understanding the Link Between Sexual Activity and Vaginal Odor

Sexual activity can sometimes lead to changes in vaginal odor, but it’s important to distinguish between normal and concerning changes.

Is it normal to have a fishy smell after sex?

A subtle fishy odor after unprotected sexual intercourse is not unusual and typically resolves after bathing. This temporary change in scent can occur due to the mixture of vaginal fluids and semen, which can alter the vaginal pH.

However, be vigilant for other symptoms such as itching or burning, which could indicate an infection. If the fishy odor persists, becomes stronger, or is accompanied by other symptoms, it may be a sign of bacterial vaginosis or a sexually transmitted infection. In such cases, it’s advisable to seek medical evaluation.

The Importance of Regular Gynecological Check-ups

Regular gynecological check-ups play a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health and catching potential issues early.

How often should I have gynecological exams?

The frequency of gynecological exams can vary based on age, sexual activity, and individual health factors. Generally:

• Women aged 21-29 should have a Pap smear every 3 years
• Women aged 30-65 should have a Pap smear and HPV test every 5 years, or a Pap smear alone every 3 years
• Sexually active individuals should consider annual STI screenings

During these check-ups, don’t hesitate to discuss any concerns about vaginal odor or other symptoms with your healthcare provider. They can provide personalized advice and necessary treatments to maintain optimal vaginal health.

The Role of Diet and Nutrition in Vaginal Health

While often overlooked, diet and nutrition can play a significant role in maintaining vaginal health and potentially influencing odor.

Can certain foods affect vaginal odor?

Yes, some foods and drinks may influence vaginal odor. While scientific evidence is limited, anecdotal reports suggest that certain items might contribute to stronger or unusual vaginal scents:

• Garlic and onions
• Asparagus
• Caffeine
• Alcohol
• Highly processed foods

On the other hand, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and probiotics may support overall vaginal health. Staying hydrated by drinking plenty of water can also help maintain natural vaginal moisture and potentially reduce odor.

Psychological Impact of Vaginal Odor Concerns

Concerns about vaginal odor can have significant psychological effects on women, impacting self-esteem, relationships, and overall well-being.

How can I cope with anxiety about vaginal odor?

If you’re experiencing anxiety or stress related to vaginal odor:

1. Remember that some odor is normal and natural
2. Educate yourself about vaginal health from reliable sources
3. Practice good hygiene without over-cleansing
4. Communicate openly with your partner if it’s affecting your relationship
5. Consult a healthcare provider to address persistent concerns
6. Consider speaking with a mental health professional if anxiety persists

It’s important to maintain a balanced perspective and seek support when needed. Many women experience similar concerns, and there are resources available to help you maintain both physical and emotional well-being.

Navigating Vaginal Health Products: What to Use and What to Avoid

The market is flooded with products claiming to improve vaginal health and odor, but not all of these are beneficial or necessary.

Which vaginal health products are safe to use?

When choosing products for vaginal health:

• Opt for unscented, gentle cleansers for external use only
• Choose breathable, cotton underwear
• Use unscented, hypoallergenic laundry detergents
• Consider probiotic supplements designed for vaginal health

Avoid products like scented tampons, vaginal deodorants, and harsh soaps, as these can disrupt the natural balance of the vagina. Always consult with a healthcare provider before using any new products, especially if you have sensitive skin or a history of vaginal infections.

The Future of Vaginal Health: Emerging Research and Treatments

As our understanding of vaginal health continues to evolve, new research and treatments are emerging to address issues like persistent odor and recurrent infections.

What new treatments are being developed for vaginal health issues?

Exciting developments in vaginal health research include:

• Personalized probiotics tailored to individual microbiomes
• Advanced diagnostic tools for quicker, more accurate detection of infections
• Novel therapies for recurrent bacterial vaginosis
• Exploration of the vaginal microbiome’s role in overall health

While many of these advancements are still in the research phase, they hold promise for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vaginal health issues in the future. Stay informed by discussing the latest developments with your healthcare provider during regular check-ups.

8 Causes of Fishy Vaginal Odor and What to Do About It

If you notice a fishy vaginal odor with no discharge and/or itching, you may be able to solve the problem by practicing good hygiene. This includes:

• Wiping from front to back after peeing and pooping
• Urinating after intercourse
• Changing your underwear once a day (or more if you sweat a lot)
• Using unscented laundry detergent to wash your underwear
• Bathing/showering your entire body with a gentle cleanser

After discovering a fishy vaginal odor, it may be tempting to vigorously clean the inside of your vagina or try to mask the smell. But the truth is, these chemicals will alter your vaginal pH, which could make the situation worse and lead to an infection. 

7. An old tampon

A foul, fishy vaginal odor could arise if you’ve left a tampon in for too long. Change your tampons and pads regularly, according to your menstrual flow. Choose a period product with the right amount of absorbancy for your flow that day. Tampons with a higher-than-necessary absorption can often lead to dryness.

Leaving a tampon in for too long can result in a slight chance of developing toxic shock syndrome. If you’ve left a tampon in for too long, try to carefully remove it as soon as possible. Seek medical attention if you can’t remove it or if you suddenly experience a high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, or sunburn-like rashes.

8. Menstrual cycle

Sometimes, a fishy vaginal odor crops up just before the start of your period, due to changing bacteria and acidity levels. During menstruation, the blood (which has an elevated pH) and uterine lining mix with vaginal microflora, subtly altering the smell. Because of this, you might also notice a fishy vaginal odor after your period. It’s nothing to worry about as long as it isn’t due to a forgotten tampon.

Lastly, hormonal shifts during menopause can also influence your scent and lead to dryness, potentially causing a fishy vaginal odor.

As long as a fishy vaginal odor is not accompanied by discharge, it’s possible to address the issue with a few at-home remedies:

Switch to gentle, fragrance-free cleansers

Avoid scented soaps, bubble baths, and vaginal deodorants, which further destroy the delicate balance of your vaginal flora. Gently cleanse your vulva with unscented products and/or plain water. Never use harsh soaps or try to clean the inside of your vagina. Additionally, consider researching hygienic tips to improve your vaginal odor.

Avoid douching

You should only use douches if your health care provider  specifically prescribes them and only when medically necessary. They tend to aggravate fishy vaginal odors and compromise your vagina’s natural self-cleaning ability.

If you have a fishy vaginal odor that won’t go away even after trying the techniques above, it’s time to see a health care professional. This is also true if the fishy vaginal odor comes with any itching, burning, or bleeding.

Still have questions about fishy vaginal odors? Never fear, because Flo is here to answer them all.

Does chlamydia create a fishy vaginal odor?

No, not usually. Chlamydia is a very common STI that sometimes goes undetected. Though it can result in a case of vaginitis, it generally remains ​odorless.

What does a fishy vaginal odor after sex mean?

A fishy vaginal odor after unprotected sex isn’t unusual as long as the smell is subtle and goes away after bathing. 

Just be on the lookout for other symptoms like itching or burning brought on by the mixture of vaginal discharge and sperm. Furthermore, if the smell lingers or becomes stronger, it may point to BV or an STI.

Should I be concerned about a fishy vaginal odor during pregnancy?

While pregnant, a fishy odor either in your urine or vaginal discharge is a potential sign of a urinary tract infection or BV. Left untreated, the condition could lead to preterm birth or low birth weight.

Following childbirth, the development of a fishy vaginal odor may be from a postpartum infection. Please make an appointment to see your health care provider to follow up.

Takeaway

Every healthy vagina possesses a unique and subtle smell, which ordinarily goes unnoticed by everyone but you. 

However, if a fishy vaginal odor is accompanied by itching, burning, pain, or bleeding, seek medical assistance right away. Your health care provider will perform the necessary lab screenings to diagnose and treat a fishy vaginal odor. 

How can I tell if I have chlamydia?

Chlamydia is a common infection caused by the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis. It is spread by having unprotected sex (sex without a condom) or contact with infected genital fluid such as semen. Chlamydia can also be passed from one woman to another via contact of genital fluid. The bacteria is carried via the genital fluids and once passed from one person to the next, the bacteria infects and lives in human cells leading to genital infections, pneumonia, and eye infections.

However, chlamydia cannot be transmitted by kissing, swimming pools, sharing towels, or toilet seats. It may be passed from an infected pregnant woman to her baby because the bacteria can pass through the placenta from the mother to the baby. In the UK it is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, particularly among sexually active young people. ¹

What are the symptoms of chlamydia?

It may be difficult to actually know if you have contracted chlamydia because most people do not have any symptoms at all. The suspicion may only be raised if there has been a known contact with chlamydia or from testing after unprotected sex. It is important that you get tested if you suspect you have chlamydia because there are treatments available and if left untreated it can have serious short term and long term effects.

In the short term after infection, some women may experience unusual vaginal or rectal discharge,² which is described as yellow or milky white. This is because the chlamydia bacteria infects the cells in the vagina and rectum stimulating mucous secretion, and these secretions (produced by the mucous glands) combine with dead infected cells to produce discharge.

A white discharge may also be caused by vaginal thrush, however, but this is usually curd-like, often odourless, or smells like bread or yeast. It is also often associated with vaginal itching or redness.

A green, rather than yellow discharge, along with a foul smelling odour, may be due to other sexually transmitted diseases such as trichomoniasis.³ A grey-white watery vaginal discharge that has a strong fishy smell may be due to bacterial vaginosis, which is caused by a disruption of the balance of normal vaginal bacteria.⁴ So, the difference in colour and smell of the vaginal discharge may differentiate between whether it is likely to be caused by chlamydia or not.

A burning sensation or pain on peeing as well as urgency to pass urine may also occur with chlamydia infection. This is because the chlamydia infects the urethra (tube from bladder to vaginal opening) causing urinary tract infection.⁵ However, chlamydia is only one cause of a urinary tract infection and there are other bacteria such as E.coli can also cause urinary infections.

There is no way to tell if chlamydia is the cause of your UTI unless there is a urine sample test or other accompanying symptoms such as abnormal genital discharge. If you are getting treated for a UTI and you believe you may have been exposed to chlamydia, it is important to go and get tested for chlamydia, too. This is because the antibiotics prescribed to treat your UTI may not be the correct ones to treat chlamydia.

Chlamydia may also cause pain during sexual intercourse because the chlamydia infects the cervix which, when stimulated by sex, causes pain. Similarly, there may be bleeding between periods or after intercourse,⁶ because the inflammation of the infected cervix makes the blood vessels on the cervix more likely to bleed. There are other causes of painful intercourse or bleeding between periods or after intercourse such as endometriosis and fibroids. However, these conditions, in general, are not associated with abnormal vaginal discharge.

What happens if chlamydia is untreated?

In the long term, if chlamydia is untreated, the infection may spread across the reproductive system and other organs. Inflammation of the cervix causes odorous vaginal discharge, abnormal bleeding, and pain during intercourse. With more widespread infection involving the Fallopian tubes (the tubes leading from the ovaries to the womb) and uterus, a condition called pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can develop.⁷

The chlamydia bacteria infects the Fallopian tubes causing swelling and scarring of the tissues. This leads to blockage, and prevents the movement of eggs into the uterus. For this reason, fertilisation becomes a problem, and chlamydia can be responsible for causing infertility.⁸ Other sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhoea, may also cause PID in the same way.

Scarring of the Fallopian tubes can increase the chance of ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilised egg implants somewhere other than the uterus, for example in the Fallopian tubes. When this occurs, the embryo begins to grow and the tubes can rupture, leading to sudden onset of severe pain and bleeding. This can be life threatening if the embryo is not surgically removed. Therefore, it is important to seek immediate medical attention if you have sudden severe tummy pain with a positive pregnancy test.

Chlamydia can be passed from pregnant women to their unborn child. As such, it is associated with pre-term births, infant eye infections (conjunctivitis), and lung infections (pneumonia). For this reason, it is important to receive treatment for chlamydia early.

Treatment for chlamydia

Chlamydia is treatable with antibiotics (such as azithromycin or doxycycline) if given early. Because the most common symptom is no symptoms at all, it is important to seek medical advice from your GP or sexual health clinic and be tested if you sleep with a new partner without using condoms. Testing can be very easily done by taking a urine sample or genital swab. If you are infected with chlamydia it is recommended that sexual partners should also be tested.
 
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Last updated June 2019
Next update due 2022

Trichomonas infection – Illnesses & conditions

Trichomonas is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a small parasite.

It infects the genitals, and may also lead to infection in the vagina, urethra (the passage carrying urine from the bladder) and prostate gland.

How do I get trichomonas?

The main way to get trichomonas infection is by:

• having unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex (sex without a condom)
• sharing sex toys that aren’t washed or covered with a new condom each time they’re used.

Symptoms of trichomonas

Almost half of all people with trichomonas infection will have no symptoms.

If you do develop symptoms you may experience:

• a yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis, which can sometimes have an unpleasant, ‘fishy’ smell
• genital itching and soreness which can lead to infections of the urethra (the passage that carries pee from the bladder) and infection of the prostate gland
• pain or a burning sensation when peeing
• itching and soreness in the genital area

Some women may also experience pain or discomfort during sex.

Testing for trichomonas

If you think you have trichomonas infection, make an appointment with your GP or local sexual health services.

Testing is quick and straightforward. There are two main ways the sample can be collected:

• using a swab – a small cotton bud is gently wiped over the area that might be infected, such as inside the vagina or penis
• peeing into a container – this should ideally be done at least one or two hours after you last peed

Most sexual health clinics can look at the sample straightaway under the microscope and see the parasite. In some clinics and at your GP, the swab needs to be sent away to a lab to make the diagnosis.

The test is more accurate from vagina samples and less accurate from penile and urine samples.

Treating trichomonas 

Antibiotics will get rid of the infection. You should avoid having sex until one week after you and your partner(s) have been treated.

If your infection is untreated you may pass it onto other sexual partners.

Trichomonas can occasionally lead to other more serious problems such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), when the infection gets into the womb and fallopian tubes. This could lead to problems such as infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

The infection can sometimes spread to the testicles causing pain, swelling and inflammation. It can also affect the bladder and urethra causing pain when peeing.

Avoiding passing on trichomonas to a partner

It’s advised that both you and your partner(s) are treated if you have the infection.

You should avoid having sex until one week after you and your partner(s) treatment has finished.

Reducing the risk of trichomonas

The best way to prevent all sexually transmitted infections is to practice safe sex. This means using a condom for vaginal, oral or anal sex.

Other STI’s

If you have been diagnosed with trichomonas, it’s recommended you’re tested for all STI’s including:

Find your local sexual health clinic

Search for your nearest sexual health clinic through Scotland’s Service Directory.

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Can semen cause a smelly vagina after sex? | Vaginal odour

How should a vagina smell?

To help answer ashley73242’s question, it is firstly important to understand what is a ‘normal’ smell for a vagina. A healthy vagina is never odour-free. It is completely normal for your vagina to have a natural scent that is individual to you.

Your vagina is a carefully balanced ecosystem and will normally be host to a community of ‘good’ bacteria. One of the main bacteria is called Lactobacillus, similar to the type found in ‘live’ yoghurts. In return for its home, Lactobacillus generates lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. This keeps vaginal pH at an optimal range of 3.5-4.5. These acidic conditions act as a disinfectant and discourage less welcome bacteria from causing infections. It is these natural bacteria that can contribute to a vagina’s natural scent.

Vaginal odour and sex

Like the armpits, the groin has a high concentration of sweat glands. During exercise and sexual activity, it is normal for the genitals to get sweaty and this may contribute to a more prominent vaginal odour.

If you have noticed a strong vaginal odour after sex that is more than can be attributed to sweaty genitals, it’s possible you could have an infection called bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV occurs when the balance in that all-important vaginal ecosystem is disturbed, allowing a bacterium called Gardnerella vaginosis to thrive. The infection causes a thin, grey discharge with a fishy odour that is more pungent when in contact with semen. Your GP can help diagnose this and administer treatment.

Is it definitely me?

Semen or ‘cum’ is normally a white or grey coloured fluid that carries the sperm. It has a mild chlorine-like smell due to alkaline substances. With sexually transmitted infections, it is possible for the semen to change colour to yellow or green and it can smell offensive. This means semen could be a potential cause of a bad vaginal odour after sex.

After a male has ejaculated into the vagina, most semen will either seep out or dry up. It certainly won’t ‘rot’ inside you. The vagina is self-cleaning organ, and any remaining semen will exit the body via a women’s discharge. Sperm can survive for a maximum of five days inside the vagina.

Other odour culprits

Other factors may affect a vagina’s smell, without meaning that there is something wrong with your hygiene or vaginal health. This might include:

Hormonal changes

Vaginal odour may vary in response to your menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause.

Medication

Hormonal treatment such as the contraceptive pill and antihistamines can dry the vagina out and change its odour.

Diet

Mainly anecdotal evidence has suggested that vaginal odour may change with certain foods, such as garlic, onions and strong spices.

Other causes of an abnormal vaginal odour, particularly if accompanied by symptoms such as an itchy or irritated vagina or a change in discharge, may require investigating with you GP. Potential causes include:

The dangers of over-cleaning

Ashley73242 was right when she mentioned that ‘douching” isn’t good for your vagina.

We are often bombarded with adverts for feminine hygiene products encouraging you to keep your vagina clean and smelling like flowers. This can send damaging messages to women that the vagina is unhygienic and needs regular cleaning. Both are nonsense.

Your vagina is self-cleaning, and using feminine hygiene products can affect your natural microbiome, leaving you more susceptible to vaginal infections (and accompanying bad odours). A recent study demonstrated that women using feminine hygiene products or douches were more likely to have BV, yeast infections, sexually transmitted infections and UTIs.

Avoid all the expensive (and sometimes harmful) products and simply adhere to the following advice to keep your vaginal healthy:

• Wipe front to back when going to the loo.
• Wash your external vaginal area with water or a mild soap when in the shower.
• Avoid harsh or irritant soaps.
• Don’t douche.
• Wear loose-fitting, breathable cotton underwear.
• When menstruating, change tampons and sanitary pads every few hours.

Vaginitis (Vaginal Infections): Symptoms, Types, Causes, Treatment

What Is Vaginitis?

Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina. It’s due to an imbalance of yeast and bacteria that normally live in the vagina.

Along with discomfort, you may notice a smell that’s different than usual. You could have an infection caused by bacteria, yeast, or viruses. Chemicals in soaps, sprays, or even clothing that come in contact with this area could be irritating the delicate skin and tissues.

It’s not always easy to figure out what’s going on, though. You’ll probably need your doctor’s help to sort it out and choose the right treatment.

Types and Causes of Vaginitis

Doctors refer to the various conditions that cause an infection or inflammation of the vagina as “vaginitis. ” The most common kinds are:

• Bacterial vaginosis, inflammation of the vagina due to an overgrowth of bacteria. It typically causes a strong fishy odor.
• Candida or “yeast” infection, an overgrowth of the fungus candida, which is normally found in small amounts in the vagina.
• Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in women, usually in those ages 18 to 35 who have multiple sex partners.
• Gonorrhea is another common infection spread through sex. It often comes along with chlamydia.
• Trichomoniasis is an infection spread by sex that’s caused by a parasite. It raises your risk for other STIs.
• Viral vaginitis is inflammation caused by a virus, like the herpes simplex virus (HSV) or human papillomavirus (HPV), which spread through sex. Sores or warts on the genitals can be painful.

Symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) aren’t obvious. If you’re sexually active (especially if you have multiple partners), you should talk to your doctor about getting tested for them at your annual checkup.

If left untreated, some of these can permanently damage your reproductive organs or cause other health problems. You could also pass them to a partner.

Sometimes, itching, burning, and even discharge happen without an infection (noninfectious vaginitis). Most often, it’s an allergic reaction to or irritation from products such as:

• Detergents
• Douches
• Fabric softeners
• Perfumed soaps
• Spermicides
• Vaginal sprays

It could also be from a lower level of hormones because of menopause or from having your ovaries removed. This can make your vagina dry, a condition called atrophic vaginitis. Sexual intercourse could be painful, and you may notice vaginal itching and burning.

Although they may have different symptoms, a diagnosis can be tricky even for an experienced doctor. Part of the problem is that you could have more than one at the same time.

You could also have an infection without any symptoms.

Yeast infection vs. bacterial vaginosis

Two of the most common causes of vaginitis are related to organisms that live in your vagina. They can have very similar symptoms. Yeast infections are an overgrowth of the yeast that you normally have in your body. Bacterial vaginosis happens when the balance of bacteria is thrown off. With both conditions, you may notice a white or grayish discharge.

How can you tell them apart? If there’s a fishy smell, bacterial vaginosis is a better guess. If your discharge looks like cottage cheese, a yeast infection may be to blame. That’s also more likely to cause itching and burning, though bacterial vaginosis might make you itchy, too.

It’s possible to have both at the same time.

Vaginitis Symptoms

A woman’s vagina makes a discharge that’s usually clear or slightly cloudy. In part, it’s how the vagina cleans itself.

It doesn’t really have a smell or make you itch. How much of it and exactly what it looks and feels like can vary during your menstrual cycle. At one point, you may have only a small amount of a very thin or watery discharge, and at another time of the month, it’s thicker and there’s more of it. That’s all normal.

When your discharge has a very noticeable odor, or burns or itches, that’s likely a problem. You might feel an irritation any time of the day, but it’s most often bothersome at night. Having sex can make some symptoms worse.

You should call your doctor when:

• Your vaginal discharge changes color, is heavier, or smells different.
• You notice itching, burning, swelling, or soreness around or outside of your vagina.
• It burns when you pee.
• Sex is uncomfortable.

Vaginitis Treatment

The key to treating vaginal infections is getting the right diagnosis.

Pay close attention to exactly which symptoms you have and when. Be ready to describe the color, texture, smell, and amount of discharge. Don’t douche before your office or clinic visit; it will make accurate testing hard or impossible. Some doctors will ask you to not have sex during the 24 to 48 hours before your appointment.

It’s better to see your doctor before you try over-the-counter medications, even if you’re pretty sure you know what you have.

You treat noninfectious vaginitis by dealing with the probable cause. Consider what products you’re using that could be irritating your sensitive skin. For hormonal changes, your doctor may prescribe estrogen to ease symptoms.

Vaginitis Prevention

Keep yourself clean and dry. But doctors don’t recommend vaginal sprays or heavily perfumed soaps for this area. Douching may cause irritation, too, and, more importantly, could hide or spread an infection. It also removes the healthy bacteria that do the housekeeping in your vagina. Douching is never recommended.

Avoid clothes that hold in heat and moisture. Nylon underwear, tight jeans, gym shorts and leggings that don’t breathe, and pantyhose without a cotton panel can lead to yeast infections.

Eating yogurt with active cultures (check the label) might help you get fewer infections.

Condoms are the best way to prevent passing infections between sexual partners.

Get a complete gynecologic exam every year, including a Pap smear if your doctor recommends it.

Every question you’ve ever wanted to ask a gynaecologist answered

Fanny FAQs

Here at Marie Claire, we are all on board for talking about our vaginas more. The past year has seen a step in the right direction – Bodyform launched a campaign to encourage more vajayjay chat, and beauty destination Cult Beauty created a section on their website dedicated to vaginal health.

But there is still much mileage to take on this path. Not everyone is game for fanny chat and would rather keep schtum. Which is why put some frequently asked questions to a gynaecologist. Because if you can’t ask your friends, at least you can find out more from us.

We chatted to consultant gynaecologist Sara Mathews, about everything from how to look after you vagina, to the smell and taste.

The first thing she wanted to get across was getting our anatomy right: ‘The vagina only refers to the inside bit that is covered with a special and very soft type of skin. However, when girls talk about their vaginas, they usually don’t mean the anatomical inside vagina thing-a-me-bob, they are usually referring to the outside bits – the labial folds and the skin around the clitoris and anus. This is called the vulva.’

Is your vagina self cleaning? Or should you wash it with something specific?

SM: ‘So to be clear the vagina is the inside part and the vulva is the outer. The vagina cleans itself. It’s all about keeping the pH in balance. The pH of the vaginal fluid is around 4.5, which makes it acidic. It is maintained that way by the vaginal microbiome. The good bacteria in the microbiome (officially called lactobacillus) produces lactic acid that reduces the pH and prevents infections. Infections are caused when these good bacteria are killed and other ‘bad’ bacteria take over. This can happen if someone is on antibiotics, which can cause thrush, or after sex, because sperm is alkaline. If a fishy odour occurs, it can indicate an overgrowth of the bad bacteria called bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis is an imbalance of those good and bad bacteria. It is usually treated using vaginal antibiotic cream or gel, or a short course of oral antibiotics. A pH balancing vaginal gel once or twice a week and an oral probiotic can help prevent recurrence.

In the 60s there was a trend for something called vaginal douches, which involved squirting water, often mixed with vinegar, into your vagina. This removed all of the good lactobacilli, leaving everything too clean, and a prime environment for bad bacteria to invade.

However, you should wash your vulva on a daily basis. As you know the vulva is naturally covered in hair, which serves to cushion the labia and trap particles, sweat and dead skin cells. Secretions collect in the folds of the labia, so if it isn’t washed on a regular basis, then you will start to smell and could develop all sorts of infections.

I actually don’t have a problem with people using the same soap/shower gel in the shower that you use for everywhere else, as long as you rinse it all off. You can just use water if you like, but I do think soap/gel does a better job. Intimate washes such as Femfresh, and various organic paraben-free are good because they’re pH balanced, free of irritants and contain soothing ingredients. They can be particularly beneficial after the menopause when the pH of the vagina rises and skin can get a bit sensitive.’

What are the signs of an unhealthy vagina?

SM: ‘Signs of an unhealthy vagina/vulva include itching, burning, unusual odour and a coloured discharge (green or yellow), which is wetter than normal on your pants.’

Is there a difference between pain that needs investigating vs period pain?

SM: ‘Most ladies get period pains of some sort, but if your period pains are getting worse each month to the extent that they mean time off work or cancelling your social life, then you should see your doctor. Pain in the week before your period starts can be a sign of endometriosis, which is a progressive disease that causes internal scarring and infertility. It can also cause deep internal pain during sex, so if you are have any of these symptoms you should seek help.

Pain around the vulval skin associated with blisters can mean genital herpes, which can be treated with antiviral drugs. Don’t be worried or embarrassed if you think you might have herpes. Go and have a test and ask for advice. I see many women who think they have herpes when it isn’t that at all. However, if it is then your doctor or STI clinic will be able to provide sensible advice, medicine and will check you for other possible infections.’

Does what you eat affect the health of your vagina?

SM: ‘Your body has an internal regulating system that should keep the vagina and vulval skin healthy, but that can be upset if you are very underweight or very overweight, because of the resulting hormone imbalance. A sugary diet makes thrush more likely, and persistent thrush can actually be an early sign of diabetes.

If you have nut allergies then your boyfriend needs to watch what he eats, as vaginal discomfort and swelling can happen after sex if he has eaten nuts beforehand. Traces of the allergens can find their way into seminal fluid. Wearing a condom should prevent the issue completely.

I am a huge fan of probiotics. These can help to keep the good and bad bacteria balanced in the vagina to prevent infections (a healthy happy harmonious microbiome!). Plus they’re good for your gut.’

Can eating different foods change the way you taste?

SM: ‘I am assuming you mean during oral sex?! The taste and smell of the vaginal fluids and their pheromones are affected by your hormones, not your diet.

However, this is different for boys though. A Friday night chicken tikka masala will result in slightly curry flavoured sperm, so take note.’

What should your vagina smell like? Why is there a common comparison to fish?

SM: ‘A clean healthy vulva and vagina should have very little smell. In fact, fresh raw potatoes come to mind.

A fishy smell can occur after sex, or at the start and end of a period. This is usually a sign of infection due to bacterial vaginosis or trichomonas. Trichomonas is a sexually transmitted infection that also results in a lot of yellow, green discharge and will only clear up with the right antibiotic.’

What do different discharges mean?

SM: ‘It is normal to have some discharge throughout the month. A healthy discharge should be colourless at ovulation and be thicker and whiter just before a period. After sex, it is completely normal to have more discharge the next day. It’s also fine to have more clear discharge midcycle if you aren’t taking the pill. One of the signs of ovulation is having more clear sticky discharge around that time. It is a bit like uncooked egg white, but it doesn’t smell or irritate.

Green or yellow discharge on the other hand, as I said above, is a sign of infection, as well as an indicator of irregular bleeding, especially after sex.

A copious amount of thick white discharge, often paired with an itchiness is usually a sign of thrush.

Pre-adolescent girls usually have some white odourless discharge, which increases with hormone surges around eight years of age and the start of their periods. Ladies who are post-menopausal have no vaginal discharge unless they take HRT.’

Is it best to remove your hair down there?

SM: ‘No. It is normal in some hot countries and cultures for women to keep the vulva completely hair free, and it does make cleaning the area easier. But the hair is there for a reason. It traps pheromones (which some partners prefer) and cushions the labial skin. Of course, the hair is also a cunning way to disguise protruding inner labia, which becomes an issue for the majority of women as they get older, when the fat in the outer labia reduces making them less plump.’

What should you do if you get an ingrown hair on your vagina?

SM: ‘Well the vagina is hairless, but ingrown hairs on the vulval skin can occur after waxing or shaving the area. An exfoliant can be used over the ingrown hair, but if there is pus in the follicle, squeeze it out and try to grasp the hair with tweezers to remove it. Apply a little tea tree oil or tea tree oil moisturiser to the area and keep clean. The ingrown hair will eventually resolve.’

Is Gwyneth Paltrow damaging our vaginas by telling us to steam it?

SM: ‘V or yoni steaming is of no use whatsoever. Sorry Gwynnie!’

We hope this has inspired you to think more about your vaginal health.

And we hope this encourages more discussion about our wonderful foofs.

Vaginal odor – Drugs.com

1. Mayo Clinic Symptom Guide
2. Vaginal odor

Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on March 20, 2020.

Definition

Vaginal odor is any odor that originates from the vagina. It’s normal for your vagina to have a slight odor. But, a strong vaginal odor — for instance, a “fishy” smell — might be abnormal and could indicate a problem.

Abnormal vaginal odor that happens because of infection or another problem is usually associated with other vaginal signs and symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation or discharge.

Causes

Vaginal odor may vary throughout your menstrual cycle and may be especially noticeable right after having sex. Normal sweating also can cause a vaginal odor. Though it may be tempting to douche or use a vaginal deodorant to decrease vaginal odor, these products may actually increase irritation and other vaginal symptoms.

Bacterial vaginosis — an overgrowth of normally occurring vaginal bacteria — is the most common vaginal infection that causes a vaginal odor. Trichomoniasis — a sexually transmitted infection — also can lead to vaginal odor. Chlamydia and gonorrhea infections usually don’t cause vaginal odors. Neither do yeast infections.

Generally, if you have vaginal odor without other vaginal symptoms, it’s unlikely that your vaginal odor is abnormal.

Common causes of abnormal vaginal odor include:

• Vaginitis
• Poor hygiene
• A retained or forgotten tampon left in place for several days
• Trichomoniasis

Less commonly, abnormal vaginal odor may result from:

• Rectovaginal fistula (an abnormal opening between the rectum and vagina that allows feces to leak into the vagina)
• Cervical cancer
• Vaginal cancer

When to see a doctor

If you’re concerned about an abnormal or persistent vaginal odor, see your doctor for a vaginal exam — especially if you have other signs and symptoms such as itching, burning, irritation or discharge.

In the meantime, to minimize vaginal odor:

• Wash your external genital area. During regular baths or showers, use a very small amount of mild, unscented soap and lots of water.
• Avoid douching. All healthy vaginas contain bacteria and yeast. The normal acidity of your vagina keeps bacteria and yeast in check. But douching can actually upset this delicate balance.

© 1998-2019 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved.
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90,000 Vaginal discharge

Vaginal discharge can be normal or abnormal. Discharges belonging to the first group are observed in all healthy women without exception and are mucus, desquamated epithelial cells, waste products of microorganisms. During the menstrual cycle, the nature of the discharge can change, increasing in the time close to ovulation, and decreasing immediately after the end of menstruation. Visually, such discharge is usually light or whitish, not abundant, and does not have an unpleasant odor.Their accurate assessment is possible only by microscopy of a smear from the vagina.

Pathological discharge is a rather alarming sign that occurs in many diseases of the pelvic organs. First of all, pathological vaginal discharge should be said in the context of infectious and inflammatory processes caused by sexually transmitted infections. All of them are characterized by a relatively stormy start, and after a dubious unprotected intercourse several days pass.The exception is gonorrheal infection, which in women can be almost hidden, without obvious clinical symptoms. But with trichomoniasis, vaginal discharge is very specific: they are abundant and frothy, and have an unpleasant odor. An unpleasant smell of secretions, similar to the smell of rotting fish, is also observed with gardnerellosis. In the case of urogenital candidiasis (thrush), vaginal discharge has a cheesy appearance and at the same time the patients complain of severe itching and burning of the genitals.In cases of intracellular infections (chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis), vaginal discharge is scanty and serous.

Abundant vaginal discharge can also be with nonspecific inflammatory processes – colpitis and vulvovaginitis. In this case, the etiological cause can be various microbes (Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, pyogenic cocci, enterobacteria).

If there is a lot of vaginal discharge, they do not have time to be removed by standard personal hygiene and do not have time to evaporate, then their adverse effect on the skin of the perineum and vulva is observed.At the same time, this part of the woman’s body is constantly wet, there are macerations and erosion, as well as crusts. Women begin to be bothered by severe itching and discomfort in the external genital area.

Inflammatory vaginal discharge can visually have a gray, yellowish or greenish tint. They may contain streaks of blood, the smell in most cases is extremely unpleasant.

Scanty inflammatory discharge can be in pathologies of the cervix (cervical erosion, ectopia, dysplasia).

Pathological vaginal discharge of a non-inflammatory nature can be with volumetric processes of the pelvic organs (disintegrating tumors), prolapse of the uterus and injuries of the pelvic organs.

In all cases of the appearance of pathological vaginal discharge, a doctor’s examination and examination are indicated. You can get a quick and true picture of the nature of the discharge within a few minutes after the doctor’s examination, by conducting microscopy of a smear from the vagina and cervical canal.

Upon receipt of data that these secretions contain a large number of leukocytes, it is recommended to immediately take the material for bacteriological culture and PCR diagnostics.

Thus, vaginal discharge is a sign of many diseases, however, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, both specific and non-specific etiology, become predominant.

Smell after intercourse

Smell after intercourse is a very unpleasant problem for both men and women.As a rule, an unpleasant odor originates from the genitals; normally it should not be present. In this material you will learn about the causes of this symptom and methods of overcoming it.

An unpleasant odor after intercourse may resemble:

• Rotten fish odor: Common symptom of gardnerella disease;
• sour smell: may indicate candidiasis (thrush) of the genitals;
• a smell that resembles the smell of pus often accompanies gonorrhea, or inflammatory diseases of the genital organs;
• A rotten smell indicates an inflammation process caused by STD pathogens: Trichomonas, chlamydia, ureaplasma, etc.

The reasons for unpleasant odor after intercourse are as follows:

• genital infections,
• non-observance of intimate hygiene,
• Frequent douching of the vagina in women, leading to a violation of microflora,
• hormonal disorders,
• endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus),
• inaccuracies in the diet: an excess of spices, seasonings, garlic.

Yet the most common cause of bad breath after intercourse is sexually transmitted infections.

Gardnerellosis. Gardnerella vaginalis is a conditionally pathogenic agent that causes a smell that often resembles the smell of rotten fish. Gardnerellosis (bacterial vaginosis) is more common in women; it actively develops when the vaginal microflora is disturbed due to frequent douching, wearing tight synthetic underwear, and irregular hygiene. Among its manifestations are discomfort during sexual intercourse, mucous discharge from the genital tract.

Candidiasis. Candida albicans is the causative agent of candidiasis, which is a fungal disease.Candidiasis is characterized by the appearance of a sour odor after intercourse, cheesy discharge, itching of the genitals.

Trichomoniasis. The causative agent of the infection is Trichomonas vaginalis, or Trichomonas vaginalis. It also spreads sexually through unprotected contact. Discharge in trichomoniasis has a yellowish-white tint, more often abundant, has an unpleasant odor, which is acutely felt after intercourse. In men, Trichomonas urethritis develops with all the accompanying symptoms (burning sensation when urinating, frequent urge to urinate), women first develop vaginitis (inflammation of the vaginal mucosa), and then colpitis (inflammation of the cervical mucosa).

Gonorrhea. Neisser’s gonococcus is a bacterium that infects the mucous membranes of the urogenital tract, as well as often the conjunctiva, oropharynx, rectum. Gonorrhea has pronounced symptoms: both men and women have abundant yellow discharge, an unpleasant odor, and pain in the lower abdomen.

Any infectious disease is dangerous by the development of complications (chronic inflammation, infertility), therefore, if a symptom such as an unpleasant odor appears after intercourse, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible to identify the causes of the alarming symptom and combat them.

If an unpleasant smell disturbs after intercourse, it is extremely important to exclude STDs; for this there is laboratory diagnostics: urogenital smears with examination by microscopy, bacterial culture, PCR.

Treatment will depend on the causative factor: antifungal or antibacterial drugs, local anti-inflammatory treatment, etc.

To avoid the appearance of an unpleasant odor after intercourse, it is recommended to carefully monitor intimate hygiene, wear underwear made from natural fabrics, avoid STDs (use contraceptive methods), and treat inflammatory diseases of the urogenital area in time.

Doctors of all specialties work in our clinic, there is a modern laboratory, a wide range of analyzes, ultrasound diagnostics are available. The diagnosis can be established on the day of treatment, which is achieved thanks to express diagnostics and ultrasound immediately, immediately after consulting a doctor.

Doctor of the clinic “Private practice” dermatovenerologist, urologist Volokhov Ye.A. talks about the unpleasant smell after sex.

The content of the article was checked and confirmed for compliance with medical standards by the chief physician of the clinic “Chastnaya Praktika”

Volokhov Evgeny Alexandrovich

dermatovenerologist, urologist-andrologist with the highest medical category

Vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis

Vulvovaginitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the mucous membrane of the vulva and the walls of the vagina.

Vulvovaginitis is one of the most common gynecological diseases.

There are non-infectious and infectious vulvovaginitis.

• Non-infectious vulvovaginitis can develop as a result of local injury from foreign bodies (eg, tampons, vaginal pessaries, diaphragms), chemical irritants (eg, perfumed toilet paper, deodorants) or atrophic changes, radiation therapy and gynecological surgery.
• Infectious vulvovaginitis .

Nonspecific vulvovaginitis is often caused by bacteria such as staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus and some other bacteria.

Fungal (candidal) vulvovaginitis – the second most common vulvovaginitis. As a rule, it develops against the background of an imbalance of the vaginal microflora. The peak of the incidence usually occurs in the first months of a girl’s life and the beginning of puberty (puberty).

Specific vulvovaginitis associated with STDs (sexually transmitted diseases): urogenital mycoplasmosis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, trichomoniasis. They are inherent mainly in women of childbearing age, but sometimes they are diagnosed even in infants. Infection of children with these infections most often occurs from the mother perinatally or during childbirth.

Frequent symptoms of vulvovaginitis: white discharge, itching, burning, discomfort in the intimate area, frequent urge to urinate, etc.Sometimes there may be a tendency to constipation, as well as pain in the lower abdomen, which can “give” to the sacral region. During pregnancy, vulvovaginitis may not be accompanied by obvious physical discomfort, which is important to consider when conducting a survey and examination with a gynecologist at any stage of pregnancy. Other symptoms of vulvovaginitis are also possible, which often depend on the type of disease.

Risk factors for the development of vulvovaginitis:

• changes in hormonal levels, which is especially characteristic of the first weeks of life after birth, puberty (puberty), pregnancy and menopause;
• local hypothermia;
• overheating of the crotch area, for example, with a rare change of diapers, excessive wrapping of the child;
• Irrational hygiene of newborn girls (too frequent washing, rubbing the crotch with a towel, the use of aggressive hygiene products, etc.)n.)
• insufficient rinsing of the underwear after washing;
• stressful situations, neurotic reactions;
• irrational and long-term use of antibiotics;
• diabetes mellitus;
• weakened immunity;
• the presence of allergic dermatoses and atopy, and others.

In the absence of the necessary treatment, vulvovaginitis can lead to the development of urethritis, cystitis and pyelonephritis. Damage to the cervix with endometrial infection is also possible.During reproductive years, it can also affect fertility.

Therefore, it is so important to consult a doctor in a timely manner and undergo the necessary treatment.

For the treatment of specific (in complex therapy) and nonspecific (any etiology) vulvovaginitis, you can use the drug Tantum® Rose (in the form of a ready-made solution in a convenient bottle or powder for preparing a solution or baths), which acts in a complex way: relieves such unpleasant symptoms as itching , pain and burning, already 20 minutes after application ¹ , restores the microflora, suppressing the growth of only pathogenic flora ⁶ , has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect ^2-4 , allowed during pregnancy and lactation ⁵ .

to come back to the beginning

Bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (vaginal dysbiosis) is an infectious disease that proceeds without inflammation.

This is a fairly common disease in women, especially at the age of 23-30. According to statistics, 25–35% of women suffer from bacterial vaginosis. But only half can know about the disease, since only half can have a characteristic sign of the disease (the smell of fish in the discharge).

Bacterial vaginosis can lead to such consequences as postoperative complications after gynecological operations, early termination of pregnancy or premature birth, postpartum endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, chorioamnionitis, increased risk of HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections.

Vaginal microflora is a mobile ecosystem. Normally, the basis of the vaginal microflora is lactobacilli (Lactobacillus spp.), which perform a protective function. Lactobacilli convert glycogen (the epithelial cells of the vagina of women of reproductive age contain a large amount of glycogen) into lactic acid, which reduces the acidity of the vagina. Lactobacilli also form hydrogen peroxide. The acidic environment of the vagina and hydrogen peroxide inhibit the growth of opportunistic microbes (staphylococci, streptococci, E. coli, anaerobic bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp.), Which are present in small quantities in the vagina of most women.

If the proportion of lactobacilli decreases, their place in the ecosystem is occupied by opportunistic microbes (primarily Gardnerella vaginalis), which secrete special compounds (volatile amines), the smell of which resembles the smell of rotten fish.

The cause of bacterial vaginosis – change in the ratio of the proportion of lactobacilli and opportunistic microbes that cause bacterial vaginosis. If the proportion of the latter increases, then bacterial vaginosis develops. Therefore, bacterial vaginosis is called vaginal dysbiosis.

Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis:

• weakened immunity;

90,029 antibiotic use;

• improper nutrition;
• deterioration of bowel function;
• wearing inappropriate underwear;
• previously transferred diseases of the genital organs of an inflammatory nature;
• the presence of various disorders of the menstrual cycle;
• use of oral contraceptives;
• change of sexual partner and others.

Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis:
– itching, burning, discomfort in the intimate area;
– A grayish-white vaginal discharge with an unpleasant fishy odor.

In case of symptoms of the disease, consult a doctor immediately. For the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, you can use the drug Tantum® Rose (in the form of a ready-made solution in a convenient bottle or powder for preparing a solution), which acts in a complex: relieves such unpleasant symptoms as itching, pain and burning, already 20 minutes after application ^{1 90 160 , restores microflora, suppressing the growth of pathogenic flora only 6 , has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect 2-4 , allowed during pregnancy and lactation 5 .}

Find out more at www.tantum-rosa.net

References

1. Czajka, R. et al. Assessment of the efficacy of benzydamine (Tantum Rosa) in form of vaginal lavage in the treatment of perineal complaints in the early puerperium. Pol J Gyn Invest 2001; 4 (2): 99-105
2. Volterrani F., Tana S., Trenti N., Topical benzydamine in the treatment of vaginal radiomucositis, Int. J. Tiss. Reac., 1987, IX (2) 169-71
3. P.A.Quane, G.G. Graham, J.B. Ziegler, Pharmacology of Benzidamine, School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Scool of Paediatrics, University of NSW, 2052 Sydney, Australia, 19 98.
4. Müller-Peddinghaus R., New pharmacologic and biochemical findings on the mechanism of action of the non-steroidal antiphlogistic, benzydamine. A synopsis Arzneimittelforschung. 1987 May; 37 (5A): 635-45.
5. According to instructions for use
6. MaglianoE. At al. The role of benzydamine in the topical treatment of the so called non specific vaginitis.Int J Tiss React 1987; X1 (2): 151-156

The material for the article was prepared with the help of these sources:
http://www.knigamedika.ru/moche/vospalit/vulvovaginit.html
http://www.polismed.com/articles-vulvovaghinitpricinisimptomipriznaki.html#subanchor_1_7
http://ginekolog-i-ya.ru/vulvovaginit.html
http://www.krasotaimedicina.ru/diseases/zabolevanija_gynaecology/vulvovaginitis#h3_0
http://www.venerologia.ru/venerologia/bakvaginoz.htm
http: // www.ayzdorov.ru/lechenie_vaginoz_chto.php

to come back to the beginning

News “Mother and Child – IDK”: What is it? Normal and pathological discharge during pregnancy

11.10.2016

Today we will talk with Elena Yuryevna Romanova, an obstetrician-gynecologist of the Expert Center for Pregnancy Management at the Mother and Child – IDK clinic, about which discharge during pregnancy should be feared and which discharge from the genital tract is regarded as normal.

Increased vaginal discharge during pregnancy is natural

Normal pregnancy discharge is milky white or clear mucus without a pungent odor (although the odor may change from pre-pregnancy), this discharge does not irritate the skin or cause discomfort to the pregnant woman.The discharge can have a different color – from completely colorless (most often) to whitish and yellowish. The consistency of the discharge at the beginning of pregnancy resembles raw chicken yolk – they are thick, jelly-like, often excreted in the form of clots.

With normal discharge, it is enough to use panty liners or change your underwear twice a day.

Due to the activity of progesterone in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the discharge will be scanty and viscous.

Due to the increase in estrogen activity from 13 weeks, the discharge becomes less viscous and more abundant.

By the end of pregnancy, vaginal discharge becomes more abundant. Each time you need to assess the nature of the discharge, change the gasket. If the fluid continues to ooze, then this may mean leakage of amniotic fluid and the need to consult an obstetrician-gynecologist in the admission department of a hospital that has a maternity ward.There are auxiliary tests, thanks to which, as well as obstetric ultrasound, water leakage can be excluded.

Not all discharge in pregnant women is the norm.

For example, a white, thick, tiny, odorless discharge that itches and burns the skin and causes discomfort during intercourse is likely a sign of a yeast infection (candidiasis).

White or grayish discharge, the smell of which after sex begins to resemble the smell of fish, is the main symptom of bacterial vaginosis, vaginal dysbiosis.

Yellowish or greenish discharge that has a strong foul odor usually occurs with nonspecific vaginitis, and foamy discharge is a sign of trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease.

In all these cases, see your doctor immediately. Should not be treated with over-the-counter drugs and folk remedies. Even a doctor cannot be diagnosed by some external signs, in addition, infections in pregnant women need to be treated especially carefully and only by a professional.After proper treatment, the discharge returns to normal. You do not need to get rid of the discharge usual for pregnant women. After giving birth, they will stop naturally, and before that they are a sign of the normal course of pregnancy.

Discharge can change its nature and quantity when exposed to irritants or intolerance to a particular substance, for example, when using panty liners. Such discharge is transparent and abundant, they stop when the irritant is eliminated.

“Thrush” is a disease caused by fungi of the genus Candida, which are present in small numbers in all women. During pregnancy, immunity decreases and fungi begin to multiply actively, causing inflammation of abundant white flocculent discharge with a sour smell, burning and itching in the external genital area. The disease can manifest itself throughout pregnancy.

Bloody discharge in the first half of pregnancy usually indicates a lack of the hormone progesterone, which can lead to spontaneous miscarriage.Discharge may be accompanied by pain in the lower abdomen and lower back. When treating the threat of termination of pregnancy, the appointment of progesterone drugs, such phenomena disappear.

If bleeding from the vagina appeared during pregnancy during the second or third trimester, then this is a sign of a formidable complication, namely, placenta previa or its premature detachment. With improper attachment of the placenta in the uterine cavity and the overlap of the placenta tissue, the area of ​​the internal pharynx speaks of placenta previa.In this case, spotting occurs in a third of pregnant women. Most often this occurs in the period of 28-30 weeks, when the lower segment of the uterus is subject to the greatest stretching and thinning. The discharge is repeated, the woman does not experience any pain at the same time, therefore, it may be late to consult a doctor for examination. This threatens the child with a lack of nutrients and oxygen, because it is through the placenta that the fetus is nourished. For a pregnant woman, this is fraught with acute placental abruption and severe bleeding, which is always problematic to stop, especially at home.

Bloody discharge during pregnancy should force a woman to immediately consult an obstetrician-gynecologist attending physician.

Brown discharge during pregnancy also indicates the threat of termination of pregnancy, or bleeding “erosion” (decidual polyp) of the cervix. Therefore, you should not understand these issues on your own; if brown discharge appears, it is better to consult your doctor.

Brown discharge when menstruation is delayed as a sign of an ectopic pregnancy is very dangerous.This condition requires immediate surgical attention, since a growing embryo can break the wall of the fallopian tube at any time and cause internal bleeding. Therefore, for pain in the lower abdomen, which are accompanied by brown discharge from the genital tract and delayed menstruation, you should immediately call an ambulance.

With inflammation of the vagina, mucous discharge acquires a mucopurulent character, a greenish-yellow color, an unpleasant odor, burning and itching appear in the genital area.This is how chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis are manifested. Is it necessary to treat the infection during pregnancy, or is it better to do it after childbirth?

All genital infections in pregnant women require treatment, as they can pass to the fetus and cause intrauterine infection (IUI). IUI is very dangerous for a child – it leads to his death or serious illness. Infection of a child during childbirth can lead to such serious complications as pneumonia, severe damage to the brain, kidneys, liver, blood poisoning (sepsis).

Today, obstetricians-gynecologists have learned to treat any infections in pregnant women in accordance with special guidelines for the timing of pregnancy, so that it is effective and safe for mother and fetus. You need to be afraid not of treatment, but of the infection itself and its consequences.

Medicines that are used to treat pregnant women have passed the necessary clinical trials, during which it was proved that they do not have a negative effect on the pregnant woman and the fetus, including do not have a teratogenic effect (do not cause deformities in the fetus).

Sometimes mucous discharge occurs on contact with an irritant or allergen. It can be synthetic tight underwear, fabric allergies, toiletries, personal hygiene products. If irritation and allergens are not eliminated in time, then an infection that lives on the mucous membranes of the genitals will surely join.

Hygiene measures are compulsory for pregnant women. Twice a day it is necessary to take a warm shower, using special gels for pregnant women to wash the genitals.It is imperative to monitor the cleanliness of the whole body and underwear – it needs to be changed daily. If you have a discharge, you can use pads (but not tampons!). Oral cavity can be a source of infection, so you need to watch your teeth, brush them twice a day, and get a dental check-up. Adequate nutrition strengthens the immune system of a pregnant woman. The diet should contain fresh vegetables and fruits, lean meats and fish, daily dairy products, vegetable oil, and a variety of cereals.

An active lifestyle, therapeutic exercises and maximum stay in the fresh air are very important.Hiking is beneficial even at the very end of pregnancy – it will help not only maintain immunity, but also strengthen the muscles that are required during childbirth. Be healthy!

90,000 why genitals, urine, sperm stink

With the course of certain diseases or the presence of external factors, it is noted that a man smells like fish. This symptom makes you take a closer look at your own health. To exclude pathologies, it is necessary to diagnose the genital area.

What is considered the norm

The skin glands in the groin area are constantly functioning.The products of their production have a mild odor, which is normally not felt even by the person himself. A man begins to smell like fish with profuse sweating, using clothes made of poorly breathable materials, and irregular personal hygiene.

Smells that remain on underwear and trousers for a long time and noticeable to others are not considered normal. With proper personal care, it is practically absent. If the groin area and sweat of a man smells like fish, then the cause is the presence of diseases or the influence of some external factors.

Causes

There are several reasons for a man to smell fish. In some cases, they can be installed independently, for the rest, a diagnosis of the genital area is required.

Irregular personal hygiene

A man needs to wash his external genitals with soap and water every day. This will help prevent infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genital area, which can result from insufficient hygiene. After showering, wear clean underwear.

A man begins to smell stronger in hot weather, when wearing tight clothes. Obese people are more susceptible to the strong smell of groin fish and sweat. In the presence of these factors, personal hygiene should be carried out several times a day.

If a man from the intimate zone smells of fish immediately after taking a shower or bath, then this indicates a pathological cause of the condition that is not related to the purity of the penis.

Chlamydia

Disease transmitted during unprotected sexual intercourse.It is accompanied by itching of the external genital organs, cramps during urination, swelling of the scrotum. In the acute form of the disease in men, the body temperature rises. The penis begins to smell like fish due to the appearance of pathological discharge from the urethra.

Trichomoniasis

Consequence of Trichomonas infection. The disease is transmitted through intimacy. The main symptom is that the man smells like fish there. The appearance of mild pain during urination and in the area of ​​the bladder, discharge from the glans penis is possible.

Diagnosis of the disease is difficult due to the similarity of symptoms with chronic prostatitis. Lack of treatment provokes the appearance of trichomoniasis, and then – Trichomonas inflammation of the prostate.

Therapy for infections that smell like fish should be carried out by a man at the same time as his partner. For the period of treatment, it is recommended to refrain from intimacy.

Gardnerellosis

Occurs with insufficient personal hygiene. Mixing dirt, smegma and sweat, their long presence on the penis provokes the appearance of gardenella.The man begins to smell like fish, feels itching and burning of the head of the penis.

Balanoposthitis and balanitis

Balanoposthitis is an inflammation of the foreskin, and balanitis is the head of the penis. Often present at the same time. They are manifested by swelling of the penis, an unpleasant smell of fish, reddening of the inflamed area, the appearance of cracks and adhesions on its mucous membranes and skin. The intensity of the symptoms of the disease increases with an erection.

Hormonal imbalance

When hormone levels fail, the work of many organs is disrupted.This changes the functionality of the reproductive system and provokes the appearance of the smell of fish from the body in a man and its strengthening in the groin. This is especially likely in diseases such as adrenal failure, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus.

A man stops smelling like fish after the elimination of the underlying disease. With endocrine disorders, the manifestation of a symptom can be reduced by more frequent intimate hygiene.

Thrush

More often occurs in women, but it is diagnosed in men.Symptoms – itching and burning of the penis, the appearance of whitish discharge, cramps when urinating, sour smell. As the disease worsens, the man may begin to smell like fish.

Increased sweating

Excessive secretion of the sebaceous glands can be a consequence of disease, obesity, hot weather and other factors. This intensifies the smell of sweat and genitals in a man. If you sweat heavily, it is recommended to do your personal hygiene more often. This will help you stop smelling like fish, but will not correct the cause of the symptom.

Smegma

Smegma is produced by the glands located on the penis. Its increased secretion occurs immediately before and during intercourse. Its accumulation can provoke the smell of fish. To prevent this condition, a man needs to practice personal hygiene on a daily basis.

Physiology and external factors

Some changes in the body can be manifested by the fact that a man smells of rotten fish in his groin.These include:

• heavy physical activity – accompanied by increased sweating, which is manifested by an increase in the smell of sweat and the groin area;
• intimacy – immediately after sex the smell of the penis changes slightly – this is caused by mixing the lubricant of both partners;
• first sexual intercourse – at the very beginning of sexual activity, a man may start to smell differently, but over time everything returns to normal.

The smell of fish, which does not disappear after intimate life, can be a sign of infection.Other symptoms include redness of the glans penis, discharge, itching, and burning.

Do you need a doctor’s intervention

The therapy is prescribed if the man continues to smell of fish and sweat even after taking a shower. Refusal of treatment may aggravate the course of the disease. In infectious diseases, this is fraught with the extensive spread of pathogenic microorganisms, in inflammation – damage to organ tissues, etc. Prolonged absence of medical intervention can lead to dysfunction of the genital organs.

Treatment methods

The type of treatment is determined by the reason why the man and his sweat smell like fish. In most cases, medication is sufficient. Surgery is rarely required.

Preparations

Preparations are necessary in the presence of infection or inflammation with the smell of fish in men. Types of prescribed drugs:

• antibiotics – destroy pathogenic microorganisms;
• antifungal – used for thrush;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory – relieve pain, reduce the focus of inflammation;
• antibacterial ointments – relieve itching and burning;
• antiseptics – disinfect the skin of the genitals;
• probiotics – used after antibiotics to normalize microflora;
• Creams and ointments that accelerate regeneration – are prescribed in the presence of microcracks on the penis.

The complex of drugs works most effectively. All medications for a man are allowed for use only after passing tests and consulting a specialist.

Operation

Surgery if a man smells like fish is rarely used. It is necessary only for phimosis, which is a consequence of the lack of treatment for balanoposthitis.

Another possible option requiring surgery is anomalies in the structure of the genitals, which make it difficult to carry out personal hygiene and cause the accumulation of dirt in the folds of the skin.This condition is detected and corrected even in childhood.

Folk remedies

Alternative medicine recipes can be used if a man and his sweat smell like fish. As an independent method of treatment, they are effective in the following cases:

• excessive sweating;
• hygiene after intimacy for the prevention of STI infection;
• endocrine diseases.

In the presence of other conditions and pathologies in which a man smells like fish, folk remedies are used as an auxiliary therapeutic method.They can be used in conjunction with drugs. The most effective recipes:

1. Sitting baths. The basis is a decoction of oak bark, chamomile, soda solution. Spend 15-20 minutes once a day for 10 days.
2. Washing. Decoctions of calendula, yarrow, plantain, soda solution. Rinse the penis and scrotum 3-5 times a day after washing with baby soap or a special product for intimate hygiene.
3. Compresses. Soak a gauze swab with aloe juice, plantain or a decoction of the plant with antibacterial action.Apply to the affected area for 15-20 minutes.

Often the use of these remedies for the smell of fish and sweat in men is prohibited due to the high risk of overdrying the mucous membranes. This will provoke a burning sensation of the head of the penis or intensify its manifestation.

Preparation before intercourse

If a man is afraid that he will smell of fish before intimacy, then he should carry out hygienic procedures in advance. The genitals should be washed no earlier than an hour before sex.To enhance the effect, you can take a sitz bath with an antibacterial composition. After carrying out all the manipulations, put on clean underwear. In the absence of the possibility of full personal hygiene, it is recommended to use wet wipes.

To reduce the smell of fish in men, hair removal in the groin will help. They can be shortened or shaved off completely with scissors or a trimmer.

Eliminate the non-pathological cause of odor and prevent its appearance

The easiest way to fix the problem is in the absence of disease.Methods to get rid of the fact that a man smells unpleasantly of sweat and fish:

1. Regular intimate hygiene. The external genitals should be washed with soap at least 1 time per day; it is considered optimal to carry out hygiene in the morning and in the evening. You need to take a full shower every 1-2 days. This will prevent unpleasant odors from developing.
2. Personal hygiene after urination. To prevent the accumulation of dirt on the glans penis, it is recommended to blot the remaining urine with toilet paper.
3. Trays with soda, chamomile or calendula. Especially effective for excessive sweating, from which a man smells like fish. It is better to use the bath in a ten-day course. Such prophylaxis can be carried out once a month.
4. Washing with soda solution or herbal decoction. Can be used as a substitute for trays. This method is suitable for daily use. The prepared liquid for washing should not be strong, otherwise dryness of the head of the penis may occur.
5. Depilation or haircut. The less hair in the groin area, the less fish smells from the guy. Regular hair removal will eliminate or reduce the intensity of the smell.
6. Use of talcum powder. Effective in hot weather or excessive sweating. Talc should be applied to the groin area after hygiene procedures.
7. Selection of linen. The latter should be made of natural materials, moderately free and not squeeze the body.

If it smells like fish after all procedures, it is recommended to undergo an examination.These methods are applicable to all men and can be used to prevent fishy odor.

Why urine smells unpleasant

The unpleasant smell of urine is determined by the anatomical structure of the external genitalia and urinary system. Various pathogenic microorganisms that provoke inflammation can enter the urethra from the external environment. This changes the functionality of the organs and can be manifested by the fact that the man’s urine smells like fish.

Non-pathological reasons for a change in odor

A man’s lifestyle and the influence of external factors can affect the functioning of his body, including changing the smell of urine.The reasons for this condition:

• dehydration – a consequence of prolonged exposure to the sun in hot weather, non-compliance with the drinking regime, diarrhea, vomiting;
• taking medication – a man’s urine may smell like rotten fish after a course of antibiotics;
• Unhealthy diet – the use of strong-smelling foods or a lot of spices can change the odor that appears during urination.

Urine in men, after a severe course of a disease that weakens the immune system, can for a short time begin to smell differently, including fish.This condition can last no more than 1-2 weeks. When other symptoms appear – discharge from the glans penis, itching, cuts, etc. you need to see a doctor.

Varieties of odors

By the way a man’s urine smells, you can determine the approximate cause of the condition. Odor types and possible diseases:

It is impossible to accurately determine the type of disease just by how a man’s urine smells. To do this, you need to go through a series of examinations and differential diagnostics.

Diseases in which urine can smell strongly

These pathologies include inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genitourinary system. Causes of the fish odor:

1. Urethritis. Inflammation of the urethral canal. The consequence of the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms.It is manifested by the appearance of discharge from the glans penis, itching and cramps during urination. A man may start to smell like fish, and his urine becomes more pungent. The more intense the symptoms, the more extensively infectious and inflammatory processes have spread.
2. Pyelonephritis. Kidney disease characterized by inflammation of the kidneys. Urine becomes cloudy, in the presence of infections, it begins to smell sharply and unpleasant.
3. Cyst. Cystitis. May be the result of an acute course of urethritis or extensive infection of the genitourinary system.The urine becomes cloudy, smells like acetone, possibly the presence of blood droplets in it. The man experiences pain and discomfort in the bladder area, a constant desire to empty.
4. Prostatitis. Damage to the prostate. A change in the smell of urine occurs as a result of difficulty urinating, the presence of infections, dysfunctions of the genital organs.
5. Balanoposthitis. Inflammation of the foreskin of the penis. It is diagnosed simultaneously with infection with infections or fungi.

If the course of these pathologies is suspected, it is required to pass a smear from the urethral canal, general urine analysis, conduct an ultrasound of the pelvis and undergo an examination by a urologist.

The man’s urine stops smelling like fish after he recovers. The further presence or periodic occurrence of stench may indicate the further course of the disease, but already in a chronic form.

Other pathological causes

Other diseases accompanied by the smell of fish are not manifested by discomfort in the groin and other similar unpleasant symptoms. These include gastritis, diabetes mellitus, and liver failure. Urine can start to smell differently even if the hormonal background fails – with an increased level of testosterone, the smell becomes sharper, with a lack of it, it loses its intensity.

When a doctor’s help is needed

If a man’s urine begins to smell like fish, a specialist consultation is recommended even if there are no other symptoms. This will help to identify infectious and inflammatory diseases in the early stages or pathologies that are not associated with the genitourinary sphere. Symptoms requiring medical attention:

• itching and burning in the groin;
• discharge from the head of the penis;
• discomfort in the lower abdomen;
• loss of appetite;
• the smell of fish from the penis;
• swelling of the face and limbs;
• turbidity of urine;
• increase in body temperature;
• Erectile dysfunction;
• the appearance of cracks and ulcers on the glans penis.

After the urine begins to smell strongly of fish, you need to see a urologist. He will carry out a complete diagnosis of the genitourinary sphere, and in the absence of pathologies, he will refer you to other specialists.

Norm and pathology of sperm odor

Male sperm has a special smell due to the influence of sex hormones and pheromones. It smells quite harsh, which is the norm. By changing its smell, one can judge the occurrence of changes in the state of health.

Normal limits

Normal semen smells like bleach, may be similar to the aroma of mushrooms, chestnut.The ejaculate of a healthy man has a white, viscous consistency. It liquefies a few minutes after discharge. Lack of odor or its low intensity cannot be a sign of disease.

What determines the smell

How semen smells is determined by the individual characteristics of the body, the food eaten and the presence of bad habits. Its smell can change with stress, fatigue, after illnesses, depending on the age of the man. The older the man, the stronger the ejaculate smells like bleach.Eating healthy food, a large amount of vegetables and fruits, juices, and adherence to the drinking regime reduces the intensity of odor.

Sperm smells like fish

The smell of fish in a man’s semen is a sign of an infectious lesion of the genital tract. The appearance of such a symptom requires a diagnosis. Most often it smells like fish during the course of trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, the presence of staphylococci, chlamydia or E. coli. If the semen began to smell like rotten fish, then this is a sign of acute inflammation of a purulent nature.

Garlic treatment

Garlic normalizes the work of the male genital area. It helps to eliminate diseases in which a man’s sperm smells like fish, restores testosterone production, strengthens the walls of blood vessels, thins the blood and has an antibacterial effect. Its use increases libido and prevents problems with potency. Methods for treating the smell of fish and other pathologies with garlic:

• use fresh and ready-made – no more than three heads a day;
• sitz baths – 150 grams of raw materials for 3 liters of water;
• tinctures for ingestion – 400 grams of garlic, mix 700 ml of vodka and leave for two days, drink a teaspoon 2-3 times a day.

It is not recommended to carry out therapy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. If discomfort occurs in the area of ​​the digestive system, treatment should be discontinued.

A man can smell like fish for various reasons. Initially, you should be more careful about personal hygiene. With the further presence of odor, a consultation with a urologist is necessary. For the prevention of genital diseases, it is recommended to visit a doctor 1-2 times a year.

Vaginal dysbiosis (dysbiosis) | Symptoms, causes, treatment

Vaginal dysbiosis: causes and features

Too wet or too dry? Both are equally deviations from the norm.Both that, and another – can talk about vaginal dysbiosis.

Vaginal dysbiosis (dysbiosis) is a violation of the microbial balance. It is expressed in a change in the quantitative ratio of microflora components.

Composition of the normal flora of the vagina in women:

• more than 85% of lactobacilli (Doderlein acidophilus sticks),
• 10% bifidumbacteria,
• peptostreptococci and other anaerobic bacteria,
• other cocci and mushrooms (including candida).

Normal microflora protects the mucous membrane from the effects of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms. Lacidobacteria and bifidumbacteria maintain acidity at ph 3.5 – 4.5. An acidic environment is unfavorable for the reproduction of conditional pathogens and other pathogens. Reduction of lacidobacteria leads to alkalization of the vaginal environment. In such an environment, cocci multiply rapidly. When the level of acidophilic bacteria drops even lower, fungi join them.

Symptoms of vaginal dysbiosis

• Change in volume or nature of discharge

Normally, the emission is transparent, similar in consistency to egg white, odorless. If the microbial balance is disturbed, they change the smell (smell of fish, sour smell), color (become yellowish or greenish, gray, brown) and consistency (thick and more viscous or cheesy type).

• itching, burning sensation in the vagina,
• discomfort (dryness) and / or pain during intercourse,
• pulling pains in the lower abdomen.

Why does dysbiosis occur?

Typical causes are:

• Hypothermia (single strong or regular).
• Changes in hormonal levels

Puberty, pregnancy, abortion, irregular sex life, menopause, cycle disturbance.

• Frequent change of sexual partners (subject to unprotected intercourse)
• Infections of the pelvic organs
• Sexual infections (trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, chlamydia)
• Taking antibiotics, antifungal drugs, cytostatics

They suppress pathogenic flora throughout the body, including the vagina.

• Problems with the intestines (dysbiosis, constipation)
• Climate change
• Stress
• Improper use of tampons (they should be changed every 2-3 hours)
• Endocrine diseases (diabetes, hypothyroidism).

Which doctor should I contact for vaginal dysbiosis?

Dysbacteriosis can be either an independent disease or accompany disorders in different systems – urinary, endocrine, and gastrointestinal tract.

If you experience one or more of the listed symptoms, be sure to get examined by a gynecologist!

Study of a smear for flora, bacterial inoculation will help determine the ratio of all components of the flora and make a diagnosis.Depending on this picture, the gynecologist can refer the patient for a consultation with a venereologist, gastroenterologist, gynecologist-endocrinologist.

You can visit all these doctors in our center. The survey is strictly confidential!

What is bacterial vaginosis and how it is treated

What is bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis ^{is an infectious disease in which the composition of the normal microflora in the vagina changes and the number of bacteria Gardnerella vaginalis (gardnerella) increases.They live in the vagina constantly, but under certain conditions they begin to multiply intensively.}

Bacterial vaginosis usually ^{occurs in women aged 15–44.}

Why does bacterial vaginosis appear

Normally, there is an acidic environment in the vagina, which is created by lactobacilli. Pathogenic microorganisms cannot multiply in it. But if beneficial bacteria die or become less, the acidity of the mucus also decreases. Gardnerella begins to divide very quickly, causing bacterial vaginosis.

^:

• Sex can lead to imbalance. Although bacterial vaginosis is not sexually transmitted ^{, the disease hardly occurs in those who have not had sexual intercourse. The risk of the disease is higher than if a woman has several partners or she changes them frequently.}
• Douching. In this case, the beneficial microflora is flushed out of the vagina.
• Antibiotics.
• Intrauterine device.
• Lack of estrogen.If a woman’s hormone production decreases, lactobacilli also become few.

Bacterial vaginosis cannot be contracted through the toilet rim, bedding, or while swimming in the pool ^.

What complications does bacterial vaginosis lead to?

With active reproduction of gardnerella in a woman, the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections increases ^{. Sometimes, due to bacterial vaginosis, inflammation of the uterus or fallopian tubes develops, and the likelihood of infectious complications in any gynecological operation also increases.}

In addition, vaginosis in pregnant women can lead to premature birth or low birth weight.

What are the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis

You can suspect the disease if you are concerned about ^:

• Vaginal discharge. They become profuse, runny, gray, greenish or white.
• The smell of rotten fish from the vagina. It gets worse during sex or menstruation.
• Itching of the vulva. But there is no inflammation or redness.
• Pain ^{during sex. Although this rarely happens.}
• Violation of urination. It can be pain, burning, or frequent urge to use the toilet.

What to do if there are signs of bacterial vaginosis

With the listed symptoms, you need to consult a gynecologist. Already during the examination in the chair, the doctor may notice the first signs of bacterial vaginosis and conduct a simple test to confirm the diagnosis. With the help of a test strip, the specialist will measure the pH ^{of the vagina: an acidity of 4.5 or higher indicates an infection.Sometimes they also take a smear. This helps to find that there are few lactobacilli, and the gardnerella, on the contrary, is actively multiplying.}

After the diagnosis, the gynecologist will prescribe antibiotics. These are usually tablets, but sometimes a vaginal cream or gel is used. Since bacterial vaginosis is not sexually transmitted, the partner usually does not need ^treatment.

Often the disease returns ^{within the next 12 months. In this case, it is worth visiting the doctor again. He will prescribe a special anti-relapse treatment that will prevent an exacerbation of the infection.}

How not to get sick with bacterial vaginosis

To reduce the risk, doctors recommend ^:

• Protect the vaginal mucosa. Use unscented tampons and pads, hypoallergenic soap.
• Do not douche.
• Limit the number of sexual partners.