What does an electrical cardiologist treat. How long is the training for an electrical cardiologist. What are the main differences between a cardiologist and an electrical cardiologist. What are the common causes of irregular heartbeats. How are heart arrhythmias diagnosed.

Understanding the Role of an Electrical Cardiologist

An electrical cardiologist, also known as a cardiac electrophysiologist, is a specialized medical professional who focuses on the heart’s electrical system. These experts play a crucial role in diagnosing and treating heart arrhythmias and cardiac rhythm disorders. But what exactly sets them apart from general cardiologists?

Electrical cardiologists undergo extensive training beyond that of a general cardiologist. They complete an additional two years of specialized education to become board-certified in clinical cardiac electrophysiology. This advanced training equips them with the expertise to handle complex cases involving the heart’s electrical activity.

Key Responsibilities of an Electrical Cardiologist

• Diagnosing various types of heart arrhythmias
• Developing treatment plans for cardiac rhythm disorders
• Performing specialized procedures to correct electrical issues in the heart
• Monitoring patients with chronic arrhythmias
• Collaborating with other healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive cardiac care

Common Causes of Irregular Heartbeats

Irregular heartbeats, or arrhythmias, can stem from various factors. Understanding these causes is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment. What are the primary culprits behind heart rhythm disorders?

Atrial Fibrillation (AFib)

Atrial fibrillation is a prevalent cause of irregular heartbeats. In this condition, the upper chambers of the heart beat out of sync with the lower chambers. AFib can lead to serious complications if left untreated, including blood clots and stroke.

Bradycardia and Tachycardia

Bradycardia occurs when the heart beats too slowly, typically fewer than 60 beats per minute. On the other hand, tachycardia is characterized by an abnormally fast heart rate, exceeding 100 beats per minute at rest. Both conditions can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, and shortness of breath.

Sudden Cardiac Arrest

This life-threatening condition happens when the heart unexpectedly stops beating due to a sudden change in heart rhythm. It can occur in individuals with or without pre-existing heart disease, making it a particularly concerning arrhythmia.

Long QT Syndrome and Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome

These less common conditions involve abnormalities in the heart’s electrical system. Long QT syndrome can lead to fast, chaotic heart rates, while Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is characterized by extra electrical pathways in the heart that trigger abnormal rhythms.

Diagnosing Heart Arrhythmias: Tools and Techniques

Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment of heart rhythm disorders. How do electrical cardiologists identify these conditions?

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

An ECG is a fundamental tool in arrhythmia diagnosis. This non-invasive test records the electrical activity of the heart at rest, providing valuable insights into its rhythm and function.

Echocardiogram

Using sound waves, an echocardiogram creates detailed images of the heart. This test assesses the heart’s shape, size, function, and structure, offering a comprehensive view of cardiac health.

Holter Monitor

For a more extended evaluation of heart rhythm, patients may wear a portable ECG device called a Holter monitor. This allows for continuous monitoring over a period of days, capturing intermittent arrhythmias that might not be detected during a standard ECG.

Treatment Approaches for Cardiac Rhythm Disorders

Once a diagnosis is established, electrical cardiologists employ various treatment strategies to manage heart arrhythmias. What are the primary approaches used to restore normal heart rhythm?

Medication Therapy

Antiarrhythmic drugs can help control abnormal heart rhythms by altering the electrical signals in the heart. These medications may be prescribed to prevent arrhythmias or to slow the heart rate during episodes.

Catheter Ablation

This minimally invasive procedure involves using heat or cold energy to destroy small areas of heart tissue that are causing rhythm problems. Catheter ablation can be particularly effective for certain types of arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation.

Implantable Devices

In some cases, electrical cardiologists may recommend implantable devices like pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs). These devices monitor heart rhythm and can deliver electrical pulses to correct abnormalities when detected.

The Importance of Specialized Care in Cardiac Electrophysiology

Why is it crucial to seek care from an electrical cardiologist for heart rhythm disorders? The complexity of the heart’s electrical system requires specialized expertise for optimal management.

Electrical cardiologists possess in-depth knowledge of the intricate pathways and mechanisms that control cardiac rhythm. This expertise allows them to accurately diagnose even rare or complex arrhythmias and develop tailored treatment plans.

Moreover, these specialists are at the forefront of innovative treatments and technologies in the field of cardiac electrophysiology. They can offer patients access to cutting-edge therapies and clinical trials that may not be available through general cardiology practices.

Risk Factors and Prevention of Heart Arrhythmias

Understanding the risk factors associated with heart rhythm disorders is essential for prevention and early intervention. What conditions or lifestyle factors can increase the likelihood of developing an arrhythmia?

• High blood pressure
• Diabetes
• Sleep apnea
• Existing heart disease
• Thyroid disorders
• Excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Stress

Preventing heart arrhythmias often involves managing these risk factors through lifestyle modifications and appropriate medical care. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider can help identify potential issues before they become serious.

Advancements in Cardiac Electrophysiology

The field of cardiac electrophysiology is rapidly evolving, with new technologies and techniques emerging to improve diagnosis and treatment of heart rhythm disorders. What are some of the latest advancements in this specialized area of cardiology?

3D Mapping Systems

Advanced 3D mapping technologies allow electrical cardiologists to create detailed, real-time images of the heart’s electrical activity. These systems enhance the precision of catheter ablation procedures and improve outcomes for patients with complex arrhythmias.

Leadless Pacemakers

Traditional pacemakers require leads (wires) to be threaded through blood vessels to the heart. Leadless pacemakers are a revolutionary alternative that can be implanted directly into the heart chamber, reducing complications associated with traditional devices.

Wearable Monitoring Devices

The advent of smart wearable technology has opened new avenues for continuous heart rhythm monitoring. Devices like smartwatches with ECG capabilities allow patients to track their heart rhythm and share data with their electrical cardiologist, enabling earlier detection of arrhythmias.

These advancements highlight the dynamic nature of cardiac electrophysiology and the ongoing efforts to improve patient care and outcomes in the management of heart rhythm disorders.

When to Seek Care from an Electrical Cardiologist

Recognizing when to consult an electrical cardiologist is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment of heart rhythm disorders. While some arrhythmias may not cause noticeable symptoms, others can present with clear signs that warrant medical attention.

When should you consider seeing an electrical cardiologist? If you experience any of the following symptoms, especially if they occur frequently or severely, it’s important to seek medical evaluation:

• Persistent heart palpitations or a feeling of your heart racing
• Unexplained dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fainting spells (syncope)
• Shortness of breath that’s not related to physical exertion
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Excessive fatigue or weakness

Additionally, individuals with a family history of heart rhythm disorders or those who have been diagnosed with structural heart problems should consider regular check-ups with an electrical cardiologist, even in the absence of symptoms.

It’s important to note that some heart arrhythmias can be asymptomatic but still pose health risks. Regular cardiac screenings, especially for those with risk factors, can help detect these silent arrhythmias before they lead to complications.

The Role of Primary Care Physicians

Often, the path to an electrical cardiologist begins with a primary care physician. During routine check-ups, your primary care doctor may detect an irregular heartbeat and refer you to a specialist for further evaluation. This underscores the importance of regular health check-ups, even for individuals who feel healthy.

In some cases, patients may be referred to a general cardiologist first, who then determines if the expertise of an electrical cardiologist is needed for more specialized care.

Living with a Heart Rhythm Disorder

For many patients, a diagnosis of a heart rhythm disorder means learning to manage a chronic condition. How can individuals with arrhythmias maintain a good quality of life while managing their condition?

Medication Management

Adhering to prescribed medication regimens is crucial for controlling arrhythmias. Patients should work closely with their electrical cardiologist to understand their medications, potential side effects, and the importance of consistent use.

Lifestyle Modifications

Many heart rhythm disorders can be positively influenced by lifestyle changes. These may include:

• Maintaining a heart-healthy diet
• Engaging in regular, appropriate exercise as recommended by your doctor
• Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling
• Avoiding triggers such as excessive caffeine or alcohol
• Quitting smoking

Regular Monitoring

Patients with known arrhythmias often benefit from regular monitoring, whether through periodic check-ups or the use of home monitoring devices. This allows for early detection of any changes in the condition and timely adjustments to treatment plans.

Support and Education

Living with a heart rhythm disorder can be challenging, both physically and emotionally. Support groups and patient education programs can provide valuable resources and a sense of community for individuals managing these conditions.

Electrical cardiologists play a crucial role not just in treating the medical aspects of arrhythmias, but also in guiding patients through the lifestyle adjustments and long-term management of their condition. They work to ensure that patients can lead full, active lives while effectively managing their heart health.

The Future of Cardiac Electrophysiology

As medical science continues to advance, what does the future hold for the field of cardiac electrophysiology? Emerging technologies and research are paving the way for even more precise diagnostics and personalized treatments for heart rhythm disorders.

Artificial Intelligence in Arrhythmia Detection

AI algorithms are being developed to analyze ECG data with unprecedented accuracy, potentially allowing for earlier detection of subtle rhythm abnormalities and predicting future arrhythmic events.

Gene Therapy for Inherited Arrhythmias

Research into the genetic basis of certain arrhythmias is opening doors for targeted gene therapies. These could potentially correct the underlying genetic defects causing rhythm disorders, offering a cure rather than just symptom management.

Non-Invasive Ablation Techniques

While current ablation procedures are minimally invasive, future technologies may allow for completely non-invasive ablation of arrhythmogenic tissue using focused energy sources, further reducing risks and recovery time for patients.

Personalized Medicine Approaches

Advancements in genetic testing and biomarker analysis are enabling more personalized treatment strategies. This could lead to more effective, tailored therapies with fewer side effects for individual patients.

As these and other innovations continue to develop, the role of the electrical cardiologist will evolve, requiring ongoing education and adaptation to new technologies and treatment modalities. This dynamic field promises to offer increasingly sophisticated and effective care for patients with heart rhythm disorders in the years to come.

What They Treat, Training, and More

An electrocardiologist, also known as a cardiac electrophysiologist, is a cardiologist who specializes in the electrical system of the heart.

These doctors receive the same education and training as a cardiologist, as well as additional training to diagnose and treat heart arrhythmias and cardiac rhythm disorders.

An abnormal heart rhythm, also known as an arrhythmia, occurs when there’s a problem with the electrical impulses that coordinate heartbeats.

Some heart arrhythmias don’t cause symptoms, so it’s possible to have one and not realize it until a routine physical examination. An electrocardiologist can determine what type of arrhythmia you have, and then recommend a treatment based on the diagnosis.

Common causes of an irregular heartbeat include:

1. Atrial fibrillation

Also known as AFib, this is when the upper chambers in the heart beat out of coordination with the lower chambers. This is a common cause of an irregular heartbeat, according to the American Heart Association. AFib can cause:

• heart palpitations
• fatigue
• dizziness
• shortness of breath
• chest pain

If left untreated, there’s the risk of blood clots and stroke. This condition can also weaken the heart and lead to heart failure.

2. Bradycardia

This is when the heart beats too slowly, fewer than 60 beats per minutes (bpm). Symptoms can include:

• fainting
• dizziness
• fatigue
• shortness of breath
• chest pain

3. Tachycardia

This is when the heart beats too fast, at a resting heart rate of more than 100 bpm. Supraventricular tachycardia originates in the top chambers of the heart, whereas ventricular tachycardia originates in the lower chambers of the heart.

Ventricular fibrillation is another type of tachycardia, which is rapid fluttering of the heart muscles. This prevents blood from properly pumping to the body. If left untreated, an extremely fast heart rate could cause heart failure, stroke, or cardiac arrest.

4. Sudden cardiac arrest

This is when the heart unexpectedly stops beating due to a change in heart rhythm. This can occur in people with or without heart disease.

5. Long QT syndrome

This refers to a fast, chaotic heart rate that can cause fainting, seizures, and sudden death. With this condition, an abnormality in the electrical system of your heart means it takes longer for your heart muscles to recharge between beats.

6. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a rare congenital heart disorder where extra electrical pathways in your heart trigger an abnormal heartbeat. Symptoms include heart palpitations, breathing difficulty, lightheadedness, and chest pain.

Some heart arrhythmias and heart rhythm disorders aren’t caused by an underlying medical problem. Irregular heartbeats can also occur during pregnancy, or as a side effect of a medication, which your electrocardiologist can determine.

Since an electrocardiologist is also a cardiologist, these doctors have the same education requirements — about 10 years of training after completion of an undergraduate degree.

This includes four years of medical school, three years of general internal medicine education, also called a residency, and three years of specialized training in cardiovascular diseases.

A cardiologist can continue their education to become an electrocardiologist. If so, they’ll complete an extra two years of training to become board-certified in clinical cardiac electrophysiology.

The main difference between an electrocardiologist and a cardiologist is the level of training each doctor receives, and their main areas of expertise.

Electrocardiologists sub-specialize in electrophysiology. This medical specialty delves into the study and treatment of heart rhythm disorders. This is their primary area of expertise.

Cardiologists also receive some education and training in electrophysiology, but only about a year.

Your primary care doctor may detect an irregular heartbeat on a physical exam. You’ll likely receive a referral to an electrocardiologist for testing.

Some heart arrhythmias don’t cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they include:

• dizziness
• fluttering in the heart
• chest pain
• lightheadedness
• sweating
• fainting
• fatigue

See a doctor if you experience any of these symptoms, especially if you have risk factors for arrhythmia, such as:

• high blood pressure
• diabetes
• sleep apnea
• heart disease
• thyroid disease

Understanding the underlying cause of a heart arrhythmia involves undergoing one or more tests. Your electrocardiologist will ask about your medical history, family history, and symptoms. Tests to diagnose the cause of an abnormal heart rhythm include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This test records the electrical activity of your heart at rest.
• Echocardiogram. This test uses sound waves to create images of the heart. It can assess your heart’s:
  • shape
  • size
  • function
  • structure
• Holt monitor. You’ll wear a portable ECG for a couple of days. It records your heart rhythm as you complete everyday tasks.
• Event monitor. Some people have arrhythmias that come and go. With this test, you’ll have a portable device attached to your body for about a month. You’ll activate this device whenever you experience symptoms of an irregular heartbeat.
• Stress test. You’ll ride a stationary bike or run on a treadmill while your doctor monitors the electrical activity of your heart. This can help determine whether exercise induces arrhythmias.
• Tilt table test. You’ll lie on a table that moves at different angles. This test helps diagnose the underlying cause of fainting spells. Your doctor monitors your heart rate and blood pressure as the table tilts in various directions.

Heart arrhythmias can be dangerous and life-threatening if left untreated. An electrocardiologist, however, has the training and expertise to diagnose an irregular heart rhythm and recommend treatment.

See a doctor if you experience any symptoms of a heart arrhythmia. These symptoms include chest pain, lightheadedness, or heart palpitations. Electrocardiologists specialize in diagnosing these conditions.

You may receive a referral to an electrocardiologist from your healthcare provider or you can use an online search tool to find an electrocardiologist in your area.

Read this article in Spanish.

What They Treat, Training, and More

An electrocardiologist, also known as a cardiac electrophysiologist, is a cardiologist who specializes in the electrical system of the heart.

These doctors receive the same education and training as a cardiologist, as well as additional training to diagnose and treat heart arrhythmias and cardiac rhythm disorders.

An abnormal heart rhythm, also known as an arrhythmia, occurs when there’s a problem with the electrical impulses that coordinate heartbeats.

Some heart arrhythmias don’t cause symptoms, so it’s possible to have one and not realize it until a routine physical examination. An electrocardiologist can determine what type of arrhythmia you have, and then recommend a treatment based on the diagnosis.

Common causes of an irregular heartbeat include:

1. Atrial fibrillation

Also known as AFib, this is when the upper chambers in the heart beat out of coordination with the lower chambers. This is a common cause of an irregular heartbeat, according to the American Heart Association. AFib can cause:

• heart palpitations
• fatigue
• dizziness
• shortness of breath
• chest pain

If left untreated, there’s the risk of blood clots and stroke. This condition can also weaken the heart and lead to heart failure.

2. Bradycardia

This is when the heart beats too slowly, fewer than 60 beats per minutes (bpm). Symptoms can include:

• fainting
• dizziness
• fatigue
• shortness of breath
• chest pain

3. Tachycardia

This is when the heart beats too fast, at a resting heart rate of more than 100 bpm. Supraventricular tachycardia originates in the top chambers of the heart, whereas ventricular tachycardia originates in the lower chambers of the heart.

Ventricular fibrillation is another type of tachycardia, which is rapid fluttering of the heart muscles. This prevents blood from properly pumping to the body. If left untreated, an extremely fast heart rate could cause heart failure, stroke, or cardiac arrest.

4. Sudden cardiac arrest

This is when the heart unexpectedly stops beating due to a change in heart rhythm. This can occur in people with or without heart disease.

5. Long QT syndrome

This refers to a fast, chaotic heart rate that can cause fainting, seizures, and sudden death. With this condition, an abnormality in the electrical system of your heart means it takes longer for your heart muscles to recharge between beats.

6. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a rare congenital heart disorder where extra electrical pathways in your heart trigger an abnormal heartbeat. Symptoms include heart palpitations, breathing difficulty, lightheadedness, and chest pain.

Some heart arrhythmias and heart rhythm disorders aren’t caused by an underlying medical problem. Irregular heartbeats can also occur during pregnancy, or as a side effect of a medication, which your electrocardiologist can determine.

Since an electrocardiologist is also a cardiologist, these doctors have the same education requirements — about 10 years of training after completion of an undergraduate degree.

This includes four years of medical school, three years of general internal medicine education, also called a residency, and three years of specialized training in cardiovascular diseases.

A cardiologist can continue their education to become an electrocardiologist. If so, they’ll complete an extra two years of training to become board-certified in clinical cardiac electrophysiology.

The main difference between an electrocardiologist and a cardiologist is the level of training each doctor receives, and their main areas of expertise.

Electrocardiologists sub-specialize in electrophysiology. This medical specialty delves into the study and treatment of heart rhythm disorders. This is their primary area of expertise.

Cardiologists also receive some education and training in electrophysiology, but only about a year.

Your primary care doctor may detect an irregular heartbeat on a physical exam. You’ll likely receive a referral to an electrocardiologist for testing.

Some heart arrhythmias don’t cause symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they include:

• dizziness
• fluttering in the heart
• chest pain
• lightheadedness
• sweating
• fainting
• fatigue

See a doctor if you experience any of these symptoms, especially if you have risk factors for arrhythmia, such as:

• high blood pressure
• diabetes
• sleep apnea
• heart disease
• thyroid disease

Understanding the underlying cause of a heart arrhythmia involves undergoing one or more tests. Your electrocardiologist will ask about your medical history, family history, and symptoms. Tests to diagnose the cause of an abnormal heart rhythm include:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG). This test records the electrical activity of your heart at rest.
• Echocardiogram. This test uses sound waves to create images of the heart. It can assess your heart’s:
  • shape
  • size
  • function
  • structure
• Holt monitor. You’ll wear a portable ECG for a couple of days. It records your heart rhythm as you complete everyday tasks.
• Event monitor. Some people have arrhythmias that come and go. With this test, you’ll have a portable device attached to your body for about a month. You’ll activate this device whenever you experience symptoms of an irregular heartbeat.
• Stress test. You’ll ride a stationary bike or run on a treadmill while your doctor monitors the electrical activity of your heart. This can help determine whether exercise induces arrhythmias.
• Tilt table test. You’ll lie on a table that moves at different angles. This test helps diagnose the underlying cause of fainting spells. Your doctor monitors your heart rate and blood pressure as the table tilts in various directions.

Heart arrhythmias can be dangerous and life-threatening if left untreated. An electrocardiologist, however, has the training and expertise to diagnose an irregular heart rhythm and recommend treatment.

See a doctor if you experience any symptoms of a heart arrhythmia. These symptoms include chest pain, lightheadedness, or heart palpitations. Electrocardiologists specialize in diagnosing these conditions.

You may receive a referral to an electrocardiologist from your healthcare provider or you can use an online search tool to find an electrocardiologist in your area.

Read this article in Spanish.

Electrocardiography – Vascular Innovation Center

Electrocardiography is a quick, simple, painless procedure in which the electrical impulses of the heart are amplified and recorded. This recording, an electrocardiogram (also known as an EKG), provides information about the part of the heart that fires each beat of the heart (the pacemaker, called the sinoatrial or sinus node), the nerve conduction pathways of the heart, the rate, and the rhythm of the heart.

Sometimes, an ECG may show that the heart is enlarged (usually due to high blood pressure) or that the heart is not getting enough oxygen due to a blockage in the blood vessels that supply the heart (coronary arteries). As a rule, an ECG is obtained if a heart defect is suspected.

Sometimes also obtained as part of a routine physical examination for middle-aged and elderly people, even if they do not have evidence of a heart disorder. It can be used as a basis for comparison with subsequent ECGs if a heart defect develops.

Heart rhythm disturbances and insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle can only occur briefly and unpredictably. To detect such problems, doctors may use continuous ambulatory electrocardiography, in which an ECG is recorded continuously for 24 hours while the person goes about their normal daily activities. How an EKG is Done To obtain an EKG, the examiner places electrodes (small round sensors that stick to the skin) and on the person’s arms, legs, and chest. These electrodes do not contain needles and are painless. If the hair is thick, then the area to which the electrodes are applied first can be shaved.

These electrodes measure the magnitude and direction of electrical currents in the heart during each heartbeat. The electrodes are connected by wires to a machine that produces a record (tracing paper) for each electrode. Each trace shows the electrical activity of the heart from different angles. The curves represent the ECG. The ECG takes about 3 minutes and has no risks. Electrocardiogram Electrocardiogram ECG: Wave Meaning An electrocardiogram (ECG) is an electrical current moving through the heart during a heartbeat. The current movement is divided into parts, and each part is assigned a letter designation on the ECG. Each heartbeat begins with an impulse from the pacemaker of the heart (sinus or sinoatrial node).

This impulse activates the upper chambers of the heart (atria). P waves represent atrial activations. Further, the electric current flows into the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles). The qrs complex reflects ventricular activation. The electrical current travels to the ventricles in the opposite direction. This exercise is called the recovery wave, which is represented by T-waves. Many types of anomalies can often be seen on an ECG. These include a previous heart attack (myocardial infarction), abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), inadequate supply of blood and oxygen to the heart (ischemia), and excessive thickening (hypertrophy) of the muscular walls of the heart. Some abnormalities seen on an ECG may also suggest bulges (aneurysms) that form at weak points in the walls of the heart. Aneurysms can result from a heart attack. If the rhythm is abnormal (too fast, too slow, or irregular), the ECG may also indicate where in the heart the erratic rhythm begins. This information helps doctors determine the cause and the most appropriate treatment.

Cardiology – SALUS

Who is a cardiologist?

A cardiologist deals with the problems of the functioning of the cardiovascular system.

WHAT DISEASES DOES A CARDIOLOGIST TREAT

Cardiology is an extensive branch of medicine that studies the human cardiovascular system, the structure and development of the heart and blood vessels, their functions, and diseases:

• Arrhythmia
• Atherosclerosis 900 28
• Aneurysms
• Congenital or acquired heart disease
• Hypertension
• Ischemic heart disease
• Heart attack
• Cardiomyopathy
• Pericarditis
• Low blood pressure
• Pre-infarction condition
• Heart failure
• Vascular insufficiency
• Thrombosis and thrombophlebitis
• Angina pectoris
• Endocarditis

WHAT SYMPTOMS SHOULD YOU CONSULT A CARDIOLOGIST

Cardiovascular disease is a major factor in premature death. It is strongly recommended to visit a specialist if the following symptoms are detected:

• Pain or discomfort behind the sternum
• Pain or discomfort in the arms, left shoulder, elbows, jaw, back
• Heart rhythm disturbance
• Shortness of breath
• General physical weakness
• Severe dizziness or headaches
• Temporary impairment of vision, speech
• High blood pressure

CARDIOLOGIST’S CONSULTATION

In Salus Medical Center you can consult a cardiologist. A timely visit to the doctor will help to identify problems in the cardiovascular system and receive high-quality treatment.

DIAGNOSIS OF DISEASES

To detect cardiovascular diseases, a cardiologist can use the following diagnostic methods:

Electrocardiography (ECG)

Electrocardiography is a technique for recording the electrical fields produced by the heart. This technique allows you to determine the source of heart rate, regularity and heart rate.

Indications for ECG:

1. If coronary pathology is suspected
2. High blood cholesterol
3. Past infections
4. Pain in the heart, arrhythmia, shortness of breath
5. If complications are suspected
6. Preventive examinations

Holter blood pressure monitoring

Holter monitoring is a functional study of the cardiovascular system. This research method allows continuous recording of the dynamics of blood pressure (blood pressure) using a portable device (holter).

Indications for monitoring:

1. Suspicion of cardiac arrhythmia
2. Evaluation of the severity of arrhythmic conditions
3. Evaluation of the pacemaker
4. Evaluation of changes in heart rate
5. Detection of circulatory disorders of the heart
6. Tracking the dynamics of cardiac activity

Echocardiography (ECHO-KG)

Echocardiography is an ultrasound method aimed at studying morphological and functional changes in the heart and its valvular apparatus.