What is the cause of facial dandruff. How can facial dandruff be treated at home and by a dermatologist.

Understanding Facial Dandruff (Seborrheic Dermatitis)

Seborrheic dermatitis, also known as dandruff, is a common flaky, itchy skin condition that affects people of all ages. It’s most often found on the scalp, but it can also develop on other areas of the body, including the ears and face. Despite the prevalence of dandruff, this skin condition can be uncomfortable.

Causes of Facial Dandruff

Dandruff itself is caused by a naturally occurring skin fungus called Malassezia globosa. These microbes play a role in breaking down sebaceous gland oils (sebum) on the surface of the skin. The microbes then leave behind a substance called oleic acid. M. globosa doesn’t always cause dandruff, though. Everyone has these microbes on their skin, but not everyone will develop dandruff.

Facial dandruff can develop due to several reasons:

• Oily skin: Larger pores on the face could lead to larger amounts of sebum and subsequent risk for seborrheic dermatitis. Oily facial dandruff often coincides with scalp seborrheic dermatitis.
• Dry skin: It’s also possible for dandruff to develop in dry skin. When the skin is extremely dry, the sebaceous glands automatically go into overdrive to help make up for lost oil. The resulting excess sebum combined with dry skin flakes can lead to dandruff.
• Sensitivity to oleic acid: Some people are sensitive to the substance left behind by M. globosa microbes. Flakiness and irritation may occur as a result.
• Increased skin cell turnover: If the skin cells regenerate faster than normal (more than once a month), there could be more dead skin cells on the face. When combined with sebum, these dead skin cells can create dandruff.

Home Remedies for Facial Dandruff

Certain home remedies may reduce microbes on the face while also naturally exfoliating dead skin cells:

• Apple cider vinegar: Dilute with water first using a 1:2 ratio (1 tablespoon apple cider vinegar mixed with 2 tablespoons water).
• Tea tree oil: Dilute with a carrier oil.
• Aloe vera gel
• Coconut oil: May be especially helpful for drier skin types.

It’s important to conduct a patch test at least 48 hours beforehand and try out the remedy in a less visible area, such as the inside of the elbow.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Treatments for Facial Dandruff

You may consider trying the following over-the-counter (OTC) products:

• Salicylic acid: Can be used as a toner to remove excess oil and dead skin cells.
• Hydrocortisone cream: Can only be used for a few days at a time.
• Anti-dandruff shampoo: Can be used as a face wash in the shower.
• Sulfur-based ointments and creams

Medical Treatments for Stubborn Facial Dandruff

For more stubborn facial dandruff, a healthcare provider may prescribe a stronger medicated cream to help tame M. globosa and manage excess oils. Options may include:

• Prescription-strength antifungal cream
• Oral antifungal medication
• Temporary use of prescription hydrocortisone cream
• Corticosteroid (temporary use only)

Preventing Facial Dandruff

While some people may be more prone to seborrheic dermatitis, certain skin care habits can go a long way in preventing facial dandruff. Dandruff itself isn’t caused by poor hygiene, but a skin care regimen that focuses on removing dirt and debris while also balancing out oil may be helpful. Some key skin care habits include:

• Washing your face twice a day: Don’t skip washes just because your skin is dry. Find a cleanser tailored to your skin type.
• Following up with a moisturizer after cleansing: Use a thicker, emollient cream if you have dry skin, or a light gel-based formula for oily skin.
• Exfoliating once or twice a week: This can involve a chemical exfoliating product or a physical tool, such as a washcloth. Exfoliating helps remove excess dead skin cells before they start to build up.

Key Takeaways

Facial dandruff, or seborrheic dermatitis, is a common and treatable skin condition. Understanding the causes, such as oily skin, dry skin, sensitivity to oleic acid, and increased skin cell turnover, can help you find the right treatment approach. Home remedies, over-the-counter products, and prescription medications from a dermatologist can all be effective in managing facial dandruff. Maintaining a consistent skin care routine focused on cleansing, moisturizing, and exfoliating can also help prevent the condition from recurring.