Folliculitis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

Folliculitis is a relatively common skin disorder caused by inflammation and infection in the hair follicles. Types of folliculitis include razor bumps, hot tub rash, and barber’s itch.

A follicle is a small skin cavity from which hair grows. Every single hair on the human body grows from its own follicle.

While folliculitis may appear on any area of the body (except the lips, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet), it most commonly affects the arms, legs, buttocks, genitals, chest, back, head, and face. The condition presents as small red bumps which may have a white, pus-filled tip.

Although uncomfortable, folliculitis is a relatively harmless condition that can affect people of all ages.

Folliculitis is generally caused by a bacterial infection, commonly Staphylococcus aureus, or staph. However, fungal infections, viruses, and physical trauma to the follicle can all contribute to folliculitis.

Folliculitis is linked to:

• shaving
• tight hair braids
• tight clothing
• ingrown hairs
• clothing that rubs the skin
• sweat or personal products that irritate the follicle
• skin-clogging substances, such as tar and motor oil
• covering the skin with non-breathable items, such as tape or plastic
• skin conditions, such as acne or dermatitis
• injuries to the skin, including cuts or insect bites
• using an unclean hot tub or swimming pool
• an infected cut or wound (which allows bacteria to spread to nearby hair follicles)
• weakened immune system caused by conditions, such as HIV or cancer
• being overweight or obese
• long-term use of some medications, including antibiotics or steroid creams

Share on PinterestSymptoms of folliculitis may include red skin, tenderness and pus-filled sores.
Image credit: Da pacem Domine, 2017

In the initial stages, folliculitis may look like a rash, a patch of small red bumps, or yellow- or white-tipped pimples. Over time, this can spread to nearby hair follicles and progress to crusty sores.

The condition can affect one or many follicles and may last a short time (acute case) or persist long-term (chronic case).

Signs and symptoms include:

• small red bumps
• white-headed pimples
• pus-filled sores
• crusty sores
• red skin
• inflamed skin
• itching
• burning
• tenderness
• pain
• swelling
• mild fever

Complications

Although folliculitis is not life-threatening, some complications may arise. These include:

• furunculosis – boils under the skin
• scars or dark patches
• permanent hair loss due to follicle damage
• recurrent follicle infections
• infections that spread to other areas
• cellulitis – infection of the skin

There are several forms of folliculitis, which can be either superficial or deep. Deep folliculitis affects more of the hair follicle and has more severe symptoms.

Superficial folliculitis

Superficial forms include:

• Bacterial folliculitis. A common type of folliculitis characterized by pus-filled pimples that itch. This type is usually caused by a staph infection, which normally lives on the skin but enters deeper tissues through a wound or other damage to the skin.
• Pseudofolliculitis barbae. Also known as barber’s itch, this type of folliculitis is caused by ingrown hairs. It affects up to 60 percent of black men and others with curly hair. It may also affect people in the genital area.
• Pseudomonas folliculitis. More commonly known as hot tub folliculitis, this is caused by a type of bacteria (pseudomonas) that is found in pools and hot tubs where the chlorine levels and pH balance are not adequately monitored. Symptoms usually appear within 72 hours of exposure and are most prevalent on the areas of the body covered by a swimsuit or on the back of the legs. Minor symptoms can resolve without treatment within 5 days.
• Pityrosporum folliculitis. A yeast infection of the skin which leads to chronic lesions that are red and itchy. It most commonly affects the face and upper body and is particularly prevalent in young adults and adult men.

Deep folliculitis

Forms of deep folliculitis include:

• Sycosis barbae. A deeper form of barber’s itch that can cause scarring and permanent hair loss.
• Boils. Staph bacteria which deeply infect the follicle and lead to boils (furuncles) that are swollen and filled with pus. They continue to grow larger and become very painful until they rupture and drain. Clusters of boils (known as carbuncles) cause more severe symptoms than single boils. Scarring may result from large boils or carbuncles.
• Gram-negative folliculitis. People with acne who are on long-term antibiotic therapy may experience this deep form of folliculitis, as antibiotics affect the bacterial balance in the skin. The condition usually clears up once a person has finished their antibiotic treatment.
• Eosinophilic folliculitis. People with poorly controlled HIV, late stage AIDS, or cancer are most likely to experience this form of folliculitis. Symptoms are intense and recurrent and can cause hyperpigmentation (dark patches of skin). The cause is unknown, but some researchers suggest that a hair follicule mite may be the root cause of eosinophilic folliculitis.

Doctors tend to diagnose folliculitis based on a physical examination. The doctor may examine the skin, take note of symptoms, and review the person’s medical and family history.

They may take a swab of the infected skin to test for which bacteria or fungus has caused the folliculitis.

In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be required to exclude the possibility of other causes.

The treatment for folliculitis varies based on the type and severity of the condition.

Mild cases often only require home remedies. However, severe or recurrent cases may need medication or other therapies.

Available treatments include:

Medication

Share on PinterestAn unclean hot tub can lead to folliculitis. Mild cases may be treated with home remedies and severe cases may be treated with medication.
Image credit: James Heilman, MD, 2013

A variety of medications are available for folliculitis. They can be prescribed to treat either bacterial or fungal infections, depending on the cause of the condition. Anti-inflammatory drugs may also be recommended.

Forms of medication include:

• topical antibiotic creams
• oral antibiotics
• topical antifungal creams
• antifungal shampoos
• oral antifungals
• steroid creams
• oral corticosteroids

Light therapy

According to some research, light therapy, or photodynamic therapy, can help improve symptoms of deep folliculitis.

Light therapy is sometimes used to treat acne, and uses both light and a chemical substance to kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Lancing

Sometimes a doctor will drain a boil or carbuncle by making a small incision in the lesion to drain the pus. The aim is to reduce pain and encourage a faster recovery time.

Laser hair removal

Laser therapy may help reduce folliculitis and cure the infection. It destroys the hair follicles so they cannot get inflamed or infected.

Several treatments are usually necessary to see results.

Home remedies

A number of home remedies are very effective at treating folliculitis and its symptoms. They include:

• Warm compresses. Placing a warm compress on the affected area can reduce itching and draw out pus. To make a compress, simply soak a cloth in warm water and wring out the excess. Apply to the skin for up to 20 minutes. Repeat as needed.
• Over-the-counter products. Several topical creams, gels, and washes are available for folliculitis without a prescription.
• Good hygiene. Gently washing the affected area twice daily with a mild soap will help reduce the infection. Always use clean hands. A washcloth is not recommended as it can cause further irritation to the skin. Use a clean towel for drying. Wash all towels after use to reduce the risk of transmitting the infection.
• Soothing bath. Soaking in a tub of warm water may help reduce the itching and pain associated with folliculitis. Adding oatmeal or an oatmeal-based product can be helpful, as research suggests it has anti-inflammatory properties. Alternatively, one cup of baking soda added to a bath may also ease symptoms. Thoroughly dry the skin after bathing.
• Protect the skin. Avoid wearing tight or irritating clothing, reduce the risk of exposing the skin to harsh chemicals and skincare products, and try to limit shaving and trim instead when possible. When shaving, use a lubricant, and keep the blade clean and sharp.

To prevent folliculitis, avoid or reduce exposure to the causes of the condition. These include:

• tight clothing
• irritating clothing
• harsh chemicals or irritating personal care products
• improper shaving techniques
• blunt or unclean shaving tools
• improperly treated hot tubs and pools
• spending too long in sweaty clothing

A person should also treat underlying medical conditions and speak with a doctor if taking medications that increase the risk of folliculitis.

Folliculitis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

Folliculitis is a relatively common skin disorder caused by inflammation and infection in the hair follicles. Types of folliculitis include razor bumps, hot tub rash, and barber’s itch.

A follicle is a small skin cavity from which hair grows. Every single hair on the human body grows from its own follicle.

While folliculitis may appear on any area of the body (except the lips, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet), it most commonly affects the arms, legs, buttocks, genitals, chest, back, head, and face. The condition presents as small red bumps which may have a white, pus-filled tip.

Although uncomfortable, folliculitis is a relatively harmless condition that can affect people of all ages.

Folliculitis is generally caused by a bacterial infection, commonly Staphylococcus aureus, or staph. However, fungal infections, viruses, and physical trauma to the follicle can all contribute to folliculitis.

Folliculitis is linked to:

• shaving
• tight hair braids
• tight clothing
• ingrown hairs
• clothing that rubs the skin
• sweat or personal products that irritate the follicle
• skin-clogging substances, such as tar and motor oil
• covering the skin with non-breathable items, such as tape or plastic
• skin conditions, such as acne or dermatitis
• injuries to the skin, including cuts or insect bites
• using an unclean hot tub or swimming pool
• an infected cut or wound (which allows bacteria to spread to nearby hair follicles)
• weakened immune system caused by conditions, such as HIV or cancer
• being overweight or obese
• long-term use of some medications, including antibiotics or steroid creams

Share on PinterestSymptoms of folliculitis may include red skin, tenderness and pus-filled sores.
Image credit: Da pacem Domine, 2017

In the initial stages, folliculitis may look like a rash, a patch of small red bumps, or yellow- or white-tipped pimples. Over time, this can spread to nearby hair follicles and progress to crusty sores.

The condition can affect one or many follicles and may last a short time (acute case) or persist long-term (chronic case).

Signs and symptoms include:

• small red bumps
• white-headed pimples
• pus-filled sores
• crusty sores
• red skin
• inflamed skin
• itching
• burning
• tenderness
• pain
• swelling
• mild fever

Complications

Although folliculitis is not life-threatening, some complications may arise. These include:

• furunculosis – boils under the skin
• scars or dark patches
• permanent hair loss due to follicle damage
• recurrent follicle infections
• infections that spread to other areas
• cellulitis – infection of the skin

There are several forms of folliculitis, which can be either superficial or deep. Deep folliculitis affects more of the hair follicle and has more severe symptoms.

Superficial folliculitis

Superficial forms include:

• Bacterial folliculitis. A common type of folliculitis characterized by pus-filled pimples that itch. This type is usually caused by a staph infection, which normally lives on the skin but enters deeper tissues through a wound or other damage to the skin.
• Pseudofolliculitis barbae. Also known as barber’s itch, this type of folliculitis is caused by ingrown hairs. It affects up to 60 percent of black men and others with curly hair. It may also affect people in the genital area.
• Pseudomonas folliculitis. More commonly known as hot tub folliculitis, this is caused by a type of bacteria (pseudomonas) that is found in pools and hot tubs where the chlorine levels and pH balance are not adequately monitored. Symptoms usually appear within 72 hours of exposure and are most prevalent on the areas of the body covered by a swimsuit or on the back of the legs. Minor symptoms can resolve without treatment within 5 days.
• Pityrosporum folliculitis. A yeast infection of the skin which leads to chronic lesions that are red and itchy. It most commonly affects the face and upper body and is particularly prevalent in young adults and adult men.

Deep folliculitis

Forms of deep folliculitis include:

• Sycosis barbae. A deeper form of barber’s itch that can cause scarring and permanent hair loss.
• Boils. Staph bacteria which deeply infect the follicle and lead to boils (furuncles) that are swollen and filled with pus. They continue to grow larger and become very painful until they rupture and drain. Clusters of boils (known as carbuncles) cause more severe symptoms than single boils. Scarring may result from large boils or carbuncles.
• Gram-negative folliculitis. People with acne who are on long-term antibiotic therapy may experience this deep form of folliculitis, as antibiotics affect the bacterial balance in the skin. The condition usually clears up once a person has finished their antibiotic treatment.
• Eosinophilic folliculitis. People with poorly controlled HIV, late stage AIDS, or cancer are most likely to experience this form of folliculitis. Symptoms are intense and recurrent and can cause hyperpigmentation (dark patches of skin). The cause is unknown, but some researchers suggest that a hair follicule mite may be the root cause of eosinophilic folliculitis.

Doctors tend to diagnose folliculitis based on a physical examination. The doctor may examine the skin, take note of symptoms, and review the person’s medical and family history.

They may take a swab of the infected skin to test for which bacteria or fungus has caused the folliculitis.

In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be required to exclude the possibility of other causes.

The treatment for folliculitis varies based on the type and severity of the condition.

Mild cases often only require home remedies. However, severe or recurrent cases may need medication or other therapies.

Available treatments include:

Medication

Share on PinterestAn unclean hot tub can lead to folliculitis. Mild cases may be treated with home remedies and severe cases may be treated with medication.
Image credit: James Heilman, MD, 2013

A variety of medications are available for folliculitis. They can be prescribed to treat either bacterial or fungal infections, depending on the cause of the condition. Anti-inflammatory drugs may also be recommended.

Forms of medication include:

• topical antibiotic creams
• oral antibiotics
• topical antifungal creams
• antifungal shampoos
• oral antifungals
• steroid creams
• oral corticosteroids

Light therapy

According to some research, light therapy, or photodynamic therapy, can help improve symptoms of deep folliculitis.

Light therapy is sometimes used to treat acne, and uses both light and a chemical substance to kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Lancing

Sometimes a doctor will drain a boil or carbuncle by making a small incision in the lesion to drain the pus. The aim is to reduce pain and encourage a faster recovery time.

Laser hair removal

Laser therapy may help reduce folliculitis and cure the infection. It destroys the hair follicles so they cannot get inflamed or infected.

Several treatments are usually necessary to see results.

Home remedies

A number of home remedies are very effective at treating folliculitis and its symptoms. They include:

• Warm compresses. Placing a warm compress on the affected area can reduce itching and draw out pus. To make a compress, simply soak a cloth in warm water and wring out the excess. Apply to the skin for up to 20 minutes. Repeat as needed.
• Over-the-counter products. Several topical creams, gels, and washes are available for folliculitis without a prescription.
• Good hygiene. Gently washing the affected area twice daily with a mild soap will help reduce the infection. Always use clean hands. A washcloth is not recommended as it can cause further irritation to the skin. Use a clean towel for drying. Wash all towels after use to reduce the risk of transmitting the infection.
• Soothing bath. Soaking in a tub of warm water may help reduce the itching and pain associated with folliculitis. Adding oatmeal or an oatmeal-based product can be helpful, as research suggests it has anti-inflammatory properties. Alternatively, one cup of baking soda added to a bath may also ease symptoms. Thoroughly dry the skin after bathing.
• Protect the skin. Avoid wearing tight or irritating clothing, reduce the risk of exposing the skin to harsh chemicals and skincare products, and try to limit shaving and trim instead when possible. When shaving, use a lubricant, and keep the blade clean and sharp.

To prevent folliculitis, avoid or reduce exposure to the causes of the condition. These include:

• tight clothing
• irritating clothing
• harsh chemicals or irritating personal care products
• improper shaving techniques
• blunt or unclean shaving tools
• improperly treated hot tubs and pools
• spending too long in sweaty clothing

A person should also treat underlying medical conditions and speak with a doctor if taking medications that increase the risk of folliculitis.

Folliculitis: Causes, symptoms, and treatment

Folliculitis is a relatively common skin disorder caused by inflammation and infection in the hair follicles. Types of folliculitis include razor bumps, hot tub rash, and barber’s itch.

A follicle is a small skin cavity from which hair grows. Every single hair on the human body grows from its own follicle.

While folliculitis may appear on any area of the body (except the lips, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet), it most commonly affects the arms, legs, buttocks, genitals, chest, back, head, and face. The condition presents as small red bumps which may have a white, pus-filled tip.

Although uncomfortable, folliculitis is a relatively harmless condition that can affect people of all ages.

Folliculitis is generally caused by a bacterial infection, commonly Staphylococcus aureus, or staph. However, fungal infections, viruses, and physical trauma to the follicle can all contribute to folliculitis.

Folliculitis is linked to:

• shaving
• tight hair braids
• tight clothing
• ingrown hairs
• clothing that rubs the skin
• sweat or personal products that irritate the follicle
• skin-clogging substances, such as tar and motor oil
• covering the skin with non-breathable items, such as tape or plastic
• skin conditions, such as acne or dermatitis
• injuries to the skin, including cuts or insect bites
• using an unclean hot tub or swimming pool
• an infected cut or wound (which allows bacteria to spread to nearby hair follicles)
• weakened immune system caused by conditions, such as HIV or cancer
• being overweight or obese
• long-term use of some medications, including antibiotics or steroid creams

Share on PinterestSymptoms of folliculitis may include red skin, tenderness and pus-filled sores.
Image credit: Da pacem Domine, 2017

In the initial stages, folliculitis may look like a rash, a patch of small red bumps, or yellow- or white-tipped pimples. Over time, this can spread to nearby hair follicles and progress to crusty sores.

The condition can affect one or many follicles and may last a short time (acute case) or persist long-term (chronic case).

Signs and symptoms include:

• small red bumps
• white-headed pimples
• pus-filled sores
• crusty sores
• red skin
• inflamed skin
• itching
• burning
• tenderness
• pain
• swelling
• mild fever

Complications

Although folliculitis is not life-threatening, some complications may arise. These include:

• furunculosis – boils under the skin
• scars or dark patches
• permanent hair loss due to follicle damage
• recurrent follicle infections
• infections that spread to other areas
• cellulitis – infection of the skin

There are several forms of folliculitis, which can be either superficial or deep. Deep folliculitis affects more of the hair follicle and has more severe symptoms.

Superficial folliculitis

Superficial forms include:

• Bacterial folliculitis. A common type of folliculitis characterized by pus-filled pimples that itch. This type is usually caused by a staph infection, which normally lives on the skin but enters deeper tissues through a wound or other damage to the skin.
• Pseudofolliculitis barbae. Also known as barber’s itch, this type of folliculitis is caused by ingrown hairs. It affects up to 60 percent of black men and others with curly hair. It may also affect people in the genital area.
• Pseudomonas folliculitis. More commonly known as hot tub folliculitis, this is caused by a type of bacteria (pseudomonas) that is found in pools and hot tubs where the chlorine levels and pH balance are not adequately monitored. Symptoms usually appear within 72 hours of exposure and are most prevalent on the areas of the body covered by a swimsuit or on the back of the legs. Minor symptoms can resolve without treatment within 5 days.
• Pityrosporum folliculitis. A yeast infection of the skin which leads to chronic lesions that are red and itchy. It most commonly affects the face and upper body and is particularly prevalent in young adults and adult men.

Deep folliculitis

Forms of deep folliculitis include:

• Sycosis barbae. A deeper form of barber’s itch that can cause scarring and permanent hair loss.
• Boils. Staph bacteria which deeply infect the follicle and lead to boils (furuncles) that are swollen and filled with pus. They continue to grow larger and become very painful until they rupture and drain. Clusters of boils (known as carbuncles) cause more severe symptoms than single boils. Scarring may result from large boils or carbuncles.
• Gram-negative folliculitis. People with acne who are on long-term antibiotic therapy may experience this deep form of folliculitis, as antibiotics affect the bacterial balance in the skin. The condition usually clears up once a person has finished their antibiotic treatment.
• Eosinophilic folliculitis. People with poorly controlled HIV, late stage AIDS, or cancer are most likely to experience this form of folliculitis. Symptoms are intense and recurrent and can cause hyperpigmentation (dark patches of skin). The cause is unknown, but some researchers suggest that a hair follicule mite may be the root cause of eosinophilic folliculitis.

Doctors tend to diagnose folliculitis based on a physical examination. The doctor may examine the skin, take note of symptoms, and review the person’s medical and family history.

They may take a swab of the infected skin to test for which bacteria or fungus has caused the folliculitis.

In rare cases, a skin biopsy may be required to exclude the possibility of other causes.

The treatment for folliculitis varies based on the type and severity of the condition.

Mild cases often only require home remedies. However, severe or recurrent cases may need medication or other therapies.

Available treatments include:

Medication

Share on PinterestAn unclean hot tub can lead to folliculitis. Mild cases may be treated with home remedies and severe cases may be treated with medication.
Image credit: James Heilman, MD, 2013

A variety of medications are available for folliculitis. They can be prescribed to treat either bacterial or fungal infections, depending on the cause of the condition. Anti-inflammatory drugs may also be recommended.

Forms of medication include:

• topical antibiotic creams
• oral antibiotics
• topical antifungal creams
• antifungal shampoos
• oral antifungals
• steroid creams
• oral corticosteroids

Light therapy

According to some research, light therapy, or photodynamic therapy, can help improve symptoms of deep folliculitis.

Light therapy is sometimes used to treat acne, and uses both light and a chemical substance to kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

Lancing

Sometimes a doctor will drain a boil or carbuncle by making a small incision in the lesion to drain the pus. The aim is to reduce pain and encourage a faster recovery time.

Laser hair removal

Laser therapy may help reduce folliculitis and cure the infection. It destroys the hair follicles so they cannot get inflamed or infected.

Several treatments are usually necessary to see results.

Home remedies

A number of home remedies are very effective at treating folliculitis and its symptoms. They include:

• Warm compresses. Placing a warm compress on the affected area can reduce itching and draw out pus. To make a compress, simply soak a cloth in warm water and wring out the excess. Apply to the skin for up to 20 minutes. Repeat as needed.
• Over-the-counter products. Several topical creams, gels, and washes are available for folliculitis without a prescription.
• Good hygiene. Gently washing the affected area twice daily with a mild soap will help reduce the infection. Always use clean hands. A washcloth is not recommended as it can cause further irritation to the skin. Use a clean towel for drying. Wash all towels after use to reduce the risk of transmitting the infection.
• Soothing bath. Soaking in a tub of warm water may help reduce the itching and pain associated with folliculitis. Adding oatmeal or an oatmeal-based product can be helpful, as research suggests it has anti-inflammatory properties. Alternatively, one cup of baking soda added to a bath may also ease symptoms. Thoroughly dry the skin after bathing.
• Protect the skin. Avoid wearing tight or irritating clothing, reduce the risk of exposing the skin to harsh chemicals and skincare products, and try to limit shaving and trim instead when possible. When shaving, use a lubricant, and keep the blade clean and sharp.

To prevent folliculitis, avoid or reduce exposure to the causes of the condition. These include:

• tight clothing
• irritating clothing
• harsh chemicals or irritating personal care products
• improper shaving techniques
• blunt or unclean shaving tools
• improperly treated hot tubs and pools
• spending too long in sweaty clothing

A person should also treat underlying medical conditions and speak with a doctor if taking medications that increase the risk of folliculitis.

Folliculitis in Adults: Condition, Treatments, and Pictures – Overview

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Information for
AdultsChildInfantTeen

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Images of Folliculitis

Overview

Folliculitis is a skin condition caused by an inflammation of one or more hair follicles in a limited area. It typically occurs in areas of irritation, such as sites of shaving, skin friction, or rubbing from clothes. In most cases of folliculitis, the inflamed follicles are infected with bacteria, especially with Staphylococcus organisms, that normally live on the skin.

The most common factors that contribute to the development of folliculitis include:

• Irritation from shaving
• Friction from tight clothing
• A pre-existing skin condition, such as eczema, acne, or another dermatitis (inflammation of the skin)
• Injuries to the skin, such as abrasions
• Extended contact from plastic bandages or adhesive tape

Who’s at risk?

Folliculitis occurs in people of all ethnicities, all ages, and both sexes.

Other risk factors for folliculitis include:

• Diabetes
• Suppressed immune system due to HIV, organ transplantation, or cancer
• An underlying skin condition, such as eczema, acne, or another dermatitis
• Obesity
• Frequent shaving
• Pressure (prolonged sitting on the buttocks)

Signs and Symptoms

The most common locations for folliculitis include:

• Scalp
• Beard area in men
• Underarms, groin, or legs in women
• Buttocks
• Thighs

Individual lesions of folliculitis include pus-filled bumps (pustules) centered on hair follicles. These pus-filled bumps may be pierced by an ingrown hair, can vary in size from 2–5 mm, and are often surrounded by a rim of pink to red, inflamed skin. Occasionally, a folliculitis lesion can erupt to form a scab on the surface of the skin.

Mild and moderate cases of folliculitis are often tender or itchy. More severe cases of folliculitis, which may be deeper and may affect the entire hair follicle, may be painful.

Mild and moderate cases of folliculitis usually clear quickly with treatment and leave no scars. However, more severe cases of folliculitis may lead to complications, such as cellulitis (an infection of the deeper skin tissue), scarring, or permanent hair loss.

Self-Care Guidelines

In order to prevent folliculitis, try the following:

• Shave in the same direction of hair growth.
• Avoid shaving irritated skin.
• Use an electric razor or a new disposable razor each time you shave.
• Consider other methods of hair removal, such as depilatories.
• Avoid tight, constrictive clothing, especially during exercise.
• Wash athletic wear after each use.

The following measures may help to clear up folliculitis if it is mild:

• Use an antibacterial soap.
• Apply hot, moist compresses to the involved area.
• Launder towels, washcloths, and bed linens frequently, and do not share such items with others.
• Wear loose-fitting clothing.

When to Seek Medical Care

Make an appointment to be evaluated by a dermatologist or by another physician if the above self-care measures do not resolve the condition within 2–3 days, if symptoms recur frequently, or if the infection spreads.

Be sure to tell your doctor about any recent exposure to hot tubs, spas, or swimming pools, as a less common form of folliculitis may be caused by contamination from these water sources.

If you are currently being treated for a skin infection that has not improved after 2–3 days of antibiotics, return to your doctor.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is a strain of “staph” bacteria resistant to antibiotics in the penicillin family, which have been the cornerstone of antibiotic therapy for staph and skin infections for decades. CA-MRSA previously infected only small segments of the population, such as health care workers and persons using injection drugs. However, CA-MRSA is now becoming a more common cause of skin infections in the general population. While CA-MRSA bacteria are resistant to penicillin and penicillin-related antibiotics, most staph infections with CA-MRSA can be easily treated by health care practitioners using local skin care and commonly available non-penicillin-family antibiotics. Rarely, CA-MRSA can cause serious skin and soft tissue (deeper) infections. Staph infections typically start as small red bumps or pus-filled bumps, which can rapidly turn into deep, painful sores. If you see a red bump or pus-filled bump on the skin that is worsening or showing any signs of infection (ie, the area becomes increasingly painful, red, or swollen), see your doctor right away. Many people believe incorrectly that these bumps are the result of a spider bite when they arrive at the doctor’s office. Your doctor may need to test (culture) infected skin for MRSA before starting antibiotics. If you have a skin problem that resembles a CA-MRSA infection or a culture that is positive for MRSA, your doctor may need to provide local skin care and prescribe oral antibiotics. To prevent spread of infection to others, infected wounds, hands, and other exposed body areas should be kept clean and wounds should be covered during therapy.

Treatments Your Physician May Prescribe

Folliculitis is fairly easy to diagnose in most cases. Your physician may wish to perform a bacterial culture in order to determine the cause of the folliculitis. The procedure involves:

1. Penetrating the pus-filled lesion with a needle, scalpel, or lancet.
2. Rubbing a sterile cotton-tipped applicator across the skin to collect the pus.
3. Sending the specimen away to a laboratory.

Typically, the laboratory will have preliminary results within 48–72 hours if there are many bacteria present. However, the culture may take a full week or more to produce final results. In addition to identifying the strain of bacteria that is causing the folliculitis, the laboratory usually performs antibiotic sensitivity testing in order to determine the medications that will be most effective in killing off the bacteria.

Depending on bacterial culture results, your physician may recommend the following treatments:

• Prescription-strength antibacterial wash, such as chlorhexidine gluconate
• Topical antibiotic lotion or gel, such as erythromycin or clindamycin
• Oral antibiotic pills, such as cephalexin, erythromycin, or doxycycline

Occasionally, the bacteria causing the infection are resistant to treatment with the usual antibiotics (particularly, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA). This can sometimes cause a more severe form of folliculitis. Depending on the circumstances, your doctor may consider more aggressive treatment that includes prescribing:

• A combination of two different oral antibiotics, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, amoxicillin, linezolid, or a tetracycline
• A topical medication, mupirocin ointment, to apply to the nostrils
• If your doctor prescribes antibiotics, be sure to take the full course of treatment to avoid allowing the bacteria to develop resistance to the antibiotic prescribed.

Trusted Links

MedlinePlus: Hair Diseases and Hair Loss
Clinical Information and Differential Diagnosis of Folliculitis

References

L., ed. Dermatology, pp.211, 241, 553-566. New York: Mosby, 2003.

Freedberg, Irwin M., ed. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology in General Medicine. 6^th ed, pp.1845, 1250, 1860, 1901. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

Disorders of the Vulva: Common Causes of Vulvar Pain, Burning, and Itching

Abscess: A collection of pus found in tissue or an organ.

Bartholin Glands: Two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that make a fluid during sexual activity.

Biopsy: A minor surgical procedure to remove a small piece of tissue. This tissue is examined under a microscope in a laboratory.

Chemotherapy: Treatment of cancer with drugs.

Clitoris: A female sex organ found near the opening of the vagina.

Cyst: A sac or pouch filled with fluid.

Estrogen: A female hormone produced in the ovaries.

Genital Herpes: A sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a virus. Herpes causes painful, highly infectious sores on or around the vulva and penis.

Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM): A collection of signs and symptoms caused by a decrease in estrogen and other sex hormones. Signs and symptoms can include vaginal dryness, pain with sex, bladder symptoms, frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs), burning, itching, and irritation.

Inflammation: Pain, swelling, redness, and irritation of tissues in the body.

Labia Majora: The outer folds of tissue of the external female genital area.

Labia Minora: The inner folds of tissue of the external female genital area.

Menopause: The time when a woman’s menstrual periods stop permanently. Menopause is confirmed after 1 year of no periods.

Perimenopause: The time period leading up to menopause.

Radiation Therapy: Treatment with radiation.

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Drugs that stimulate certain tissues that respond to estrogen while not stimulating other tissues that respond to estrogen.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections that are spread by sexual contact. Infections include chlamydia, gonorrhea, human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes, syphilis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]).

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI): An infection in any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.

Vagina: A tube-like structure surrounded by muscles. The vagina leads from the uterus to the outside of the body.

Vestibule: The tissue surrounding the opening of the vagina.

Vulva: The external female genital area.

Vulvodynia: Pain in the vulva that does not go away or keeps coming back and does not have a specific cause.

Folliculitis — STD Triage App

Contents
What is Folliculitis?
How Dangerous is Folliculitis?
How do I get Folliculitis?
Signs of Folliculitis
How is Folliculitis diagnosed?
How is Folliculitis Treated?
How can you prevent Folliculitis?
Ask a dermatologist

What is Folliculitis?

Folliculitis is a curable infection of the hair follicles caused by bacteria or a fungus. Each hair on your body grows from an opening in your skin called a follicle. Sometimes, bacteria can get into these follicles and cause infection. Folliculitis can also be called “hot tub rash” or “barber’s itch.”

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How Dangerous is Folliculitis?

Folliculitis is usually not dangerous. Most cases of folliculitis go away on their own in about a week. However, more severe infections may cause permanent hair loss or scarring, and medication may be needed to kill the bacteria.

How do I get Folliculitis?

Anyone can get folliculitis, but certain things may make you more susceptible to infection. For example:

• – Preexisting skin damage, such as from acne or dermatitis
• – Use of topical (applied) corticosteroid creams
• – Obesity
• – Trauma from injury or surgery
• – Patients with suppressed or weak immune systems, like people with diabetes, HIV/AIDS, chronic leukemia, or patients who have had an organ transplant
• – Wearing tight clothes that trap heat for extended periods of time
• – Exposure to hot water for long periods of time, like a hot tub or Jacuzzi. Folliculitis usually appears within 72 hours after the hot tub, and usually appear on the stomach, arms, and legs

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Signs of Folliculitis:

The most common areas of folliculitis are places on the body that get rubbed by clothing, like the legs or groin. The face and scalp are also common areas, because of irritation caused by shaving, sweating, oils, or makeup.

Folliculitis looks like small red or white pimples. However, the difference between folliculitis and regular pimples is that there is a hair in the middle of each “pimple.” The small bumps may itch, burn, or ooze pus. When they burst, pus or blood can come out.

Severe folliculitis can cause deep, painful boils or scarring. Permanent hair loss can result if the infection destroys the hair follicle.

How is Folliculitis diagnosed?

Folliculitis is diagnosed by looking at the skin. Usually, no tests are needed. If treatment does not work, then your doctor may take a sample of fluid from some of the bumps and send it to a laboratory to find out exactly what kind of bacteria or fungus is causing the infection, to give more specific treatments.

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How is Folliculitis Treated?

Most mild cases of folliculitis usually go away on their own within 2 weeks. There are some things you can do at home to help the healing process and to prevent the infection from spreading, such as:

• – Keep the infected areas clean by gently washing twice a day with antibacterial soap or with over the counter antibiotic ointment. Make sure to dry thoroughly
• – Avoid irritating the skin further – avoid shaving, picking, or scratching the skin
• – To relieve any pain, apply a warm, moist compress to the area. Warm compresses with white vinegar can also help
• – To prevent the infection from spreading to other areas of your body, and to prevent infecting others, don’t share anything that has touched the infected area, such as clothes, towels, or washcloths. Wash the clothes that cover the infected area after each wearing. Use hot, soapy water

More severe or lasting cases may need to be treated with antibiotic or anti-fungal creams prescribed by your doctor. Call your doctor if the infection doesn’t go away on its own after 2 weeks, comes back, becomes worse, or if you have a fever over 101 degrees Fahrenheit / 38.3 degrees Celsius. It may be a more severe case of folliculitis, or it may be something else altogether, such as a heat rash.

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How can you prevent Folliculitis?

There is no vaccine for folliculitis. The best way to prevent folliculitis is to avoid irritating the skin and to keep your skin clean:

• – Bathe or shower daily and after sweating
• – Don’t wear clothes that are too tight
• – Avoid sharing personal items like towels, and make sure to wash your clothes and towels thoroughly
• – Don’t scratch or shave the bumps
• – If you must shave, try using a hair removal cream instead, or be sure to change the razor each time
• – After using hot tubs or spas, make sure to shower right away. If you own a hot tub, make sure to properly maintain it and keep it clean

Women can sometimes get a so-called bartholinitis on their inner labia. In this case there is no hair follicle inflammation, but a blocked pubic gland which leads to the development of a cyst.

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Folliculitis is common in the public area, on the vagina or penis, in the groin area, and on the labia. Folliculitis is an infected hair and can even be pubic hair with folliculitis. Below are pictures of folliculitis.

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Skin Conditions: A – I

Boils

Also known as skin abscesses, boils form as a result of a cut or break in the skin, which leads to a bacterial infection. They are characterized as a red, tender area with a painful, pus-filled center that can open spontaneously or by surgical incision. Some boils are caused by an ingrown hair. Others are caused by plugged-up sweat glands, such as some types of cystic acne. Anyone can get a boil. They grow quickly and are usually painful until they drain. However, left alone a boil will naturally come to a head and burst open, allowing the pus to drain and the skin to heal. People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to boils than the general population.

Boils tend to occur on parts of the body that have hair or sweat glands and are exposed to friction, typically on the face, neck, armpits, or buttocks. There are a variety of different types of boils:

Furuncle or Carbuncle: These abscesses are caused by the Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. A furuncle is an individual boil; carbuncles are deep clusters of boils that most often form on the back of the neck, shoulders, or thighs.

Pilonidal Cyst:  An infected hair follicle around the buttocks area caused by long periods of sitting. Pilonidal cysts almost always require medical treatment.

Hidredenitis Suppurativa: These are multiple abscesses that form from blocked sweat glands in the armpits or groin areas.

Cystic Acne: These boils are situated more deeply into skin tissue than the more superficial forms of acne. It typically occurs among teenagers.

Boils respond well to home remedies. To promote healing, apply heat to the boil in the form of hot soaks or compresses. Keep the area clean, apply over-the-counter antibiotic ointment, and then cover with gauze. Do not puncture or squeeze the boil because it can lead to further infection. If the boil does not go away within two weeks, is accompanied by a fever, or is painful, contact your dermatologist. The doctor will clean, lance, and drain the boil and prescribe an antibiotic to alleviate the infection.

Candidiasis

Candidiasis is the medical term for yeast infections in the body. There are three forms of candidiasis that relate specifically to the skin:

Oral Candidiasis (Oral Thrush): This infection is characterized by lacy, white patches on top of reddened areas that occur on the tongue, throat, or elsewhere in the mouth. It is usually accompanied by a fever, colic, or diarrhea. Oral thrush can be painful and lead to an uncomfortable burning sensation in the mouth. People who are diabetic, have suppressed immune systems, patients undergoing antibiotic or chemotherapy treatment, and denture wearers are more susceptible to this infection. It is particularly important to catch it early in infants and children. Because of the discomfort caused by oral thrush, they may stop eating and/or drinking.

Diaper Rash: Candidiasis breeds in warm, moist environments and in the natural creases of the skin. Some diaper rashes are bacterial, but many are caused by yeast infections. To treat diaper rash, use over-the-counter powders and ointment, antifungal creams, and lotions. Plan on frequent diaper changes to give the skin a chance to be exposed to air regularly. If diaper rash doesn’t abate in seven to 10 days, contact your dermatologist.

Candidal Intertrigo: This yeast infection occurs in moist overlapping skin folds, such as areas in the inner thighs, armpits, under the breasts, below the belly, behind the ears, and in the webbed spaces between the fingers and toes. It is more common among people who are overweight. It is characterized by red, raw skin surrounded by scaling and, in some cases, lesions that itch, ooze, or hurt. Candidal intertrigo is treated with medicated topical creams.

Cellulitis

Cellulitis is a common bacterial skin infection that is caused by either Staphylococcus or Streptococcus bacteria. Both of these bacteria occur naturally on the skin. A break or cut in the skin causes the bacteria to enter the body, which leads to an active infection. Cellulitis most often occurs from:

• Cracking or peeling skin between the toes
• Insect bites or stings
• A skin cut, break or trauma

Cellulitis appears as a swollen red area of skin that is tender and hot to the touch. Symptoms include chills, fever, muscle ache, fatigue, pain, or tenderness in an area with a skin rash or sore. The redness increases in size as the infection spreads. It typically comes on suddenly and spreads quickly. Cellulitis can arise anywhere on the body, but usually appears on the face or legs. Be sure to contact your dermatologist as soon as you observe these symptoms to start an effective treatment.

To prevent cellulitis, be sure to clean any cut or break in the skin promptly with soap and water and cover the wound with a bandage until it scabs over. Watch for redness, tenderness, drainage, or pain as these are signs of infection.

Chicken Pox (Herpes Varicella Zoster)

Chicken pox is a common illness, particularly among children. It is characterized by itchy red spots or blisters all over the body. Chicken pox is caused by the Herpes Varicella Zoster virus. It is highly contagious, but most cases are not dangerous.

Chicken pox can be passed on from two to three days before the rash appears until the blisters are crusted over. It spreads from exposure to infected people who cough, sneeze, share food or drinks, or by touching the blisters. It is often accompanied by a headache, sore throat, and possibly a fever. The incubation period (from exposure to first appearance of symptoms) is 14 to 16 days. When the blisters crust over, they are no longer contagious and the child can return to normal activity. This normally takes about 10 days after the initial appearance of symptoms.

It is important not to scratch the blisters as it can slow down the healing process and result in scarring. Scratching may also lead to another infection. To help relieve the itching, soak in a cool bath. The child should get plenty of bed rest and can take over-the-counter analgesics to reduce any fever. More serious cases are usually seen in people with other long-term health problems.

Although about four million children get chicken pox each year, it may be preventable via a vaccine. Children should receive two doses of the vaccine — the first between 12 and 15 months and the second between ages four and six. Older children who have not been vaccinated can be effectively treated with two catch-up doses. Adults who have never had the illness should also be vaccinated.

Erysipelas

A particular type of skin infection (cellulitis) that is characterized by blisters; skin that is red, swollen, warm and/or painful to the touch; or by lesions with raised borders that most frequently appear on the face or legs. It also appears as sores on the cheeks and bridge of the nose. It is usually caused by the Streptococcus bacteria and occurs in both adults and children.

Erysipelas requires medical treatment, so you should contact your dermatologist as soon as you suspect you may have this infection. Antibiotics (usually penicillin) are generally prescribed. In severe cases, the patient may need to have antibiotics delivered intravenously.

Folliculitis

Folliculitis is an inflammation of one or more hair follicles. It appears as a rash or white-headed pimples or pustules near a hair follicle. It can occur anywhere on the body, but typically affects hairy areas, such as the neck or groin. Follicles can be damaged from repeated friction (such as rubbing of too tight clothes) or a blockage of the hair follicle (for instance, from shaving). In most cases, follicles become infected with the Staphylococcus bacteria.

There are two types of folliculitis:

Superficial Folliculitis: Affects the upper area of the hair follicle and may cause red, inflamed skin, small clusters of red bumps, blisters that break open and crust over, and/or itchiness and tenderness. When the infection occurs in men’s’ beards, it is called Barber’s Itch. When it is caused by a fungal infection, it is known as Tinea Barbae (ringworm).

Deep Folliculitis: Affects the entire follicle from its deepest parts under the skin to the surface of the skin. This less-common form of folliculitis is seen in people who are undergoing chronic acne antibiotic treatment, people with HIV, or people with boils and carbuncles.

Generally, folliculitis is treated with antifungal medications.

Granuloma

Granuloma is a generic term that refers to a small nodule. It can be any type of nodule, from benign to malignant. Granulomas occur throughout the body. Two types of granuloma apply expressly to the skin:

Pyogenic Granuloma: Small, reddish bumps on the skin that tend to bleed. It is caused by an injury to the skin. It is most frequently found on the hands, arms and face. In some cases, the nodules will spontaneously disappear. More often, the lesions need to be removed by surgery. There may be some scarring as a result of these treatments.

Granuloma Annulare: This type of nodule can occur in any person, but is more common in children and young adults. It is characterized by a ring-shaped lesion that is round and firm; red, white, or purple skin around a clear crater of normal skin. It can appear individually or in groups. Most often, it appears on tops of hands and feet, elbows, and knees. Most people have no other symptoms, but some may experience itchiness at the site of the lesion. Granuloma annulare can resolve itself and may or may not disappear over time without treatment. However, if the incidence is widespread or aesthetically undesirable, a dermatologist may prescribe a steroid cream or inject steroids just below the skin’s surface to speed healing. Another successful treatment is PUVA, in which a medication called psoralen is given and then the area is exposed to ultraviolet light.

Head Lice

Head lice are small parasitic insects that thrive in human hair by feeding on tiny amounts of blood from the scalp. An estimated six to 12 million infestations occur in the U.S. annually. It is particularly common among pre-school and elementary school children. Head lice do not transmit any diseases, but they are very contagious and can be very itchy. They are characterized by the combination of small red bumps and tiny white specks (also known as eggs or nits) on the bottom of hair closest to the skin (less than a quarter-inch from the scalp).

Head lice are visible to the naked eye. The eggs look like yellow, tan or brown dots on a hair. Live lice can also be seen crawling on the scalp. When eggs hatch, they become nymphs (baby lice). Nymphs grow to adult lice within one or two weeks of hatching. An adult louse is about the size of a sesame seed. Lice feed on blood from the scalp several times a day. They can also survive up to two days off of the scalp.

Head lice are spread through head-to-head contact; by sharing clothing, linens, combs, brushes, hats, and other personal products; or by lying on upholstered furniture or beds of an infested person. You can determine if your child has head lice by parting the child’s hair and looking for nits or lice, particularly around the ears and nape of the neck. If one member of your family is diagnosed with head lice, you’ll need to check every member of the same household.

Medicated lice treatments include shampoos, cream rinses, and lotions that kill the lice. Many of these are over-the-counter, but prescription drugs are available for more severe cases. It is important to use these medications exactly as instructed and for the full course of treatment to eliminate the lice. Do not use a cream rinse, conditioner, or combined shampoo and conditioner on your hair before a lice treatment. You also should not shampoo for one or two days following the application of a treatment. After applying the medicated treatment, use a special comb to comb out any nits on the scalp. Repeat the entire treatment seven to ten days after the initial treatment to take care of any newly hatched lice. Please note that you should not treat a person more than three times with any individual lice medication.

To get rid of the lice, you’ll also have to:

• Wash all bed linens and clothing worn by the infested person in very hot water.
• Dry clean clothing that is not machine washable.
• Vacuum upholstery in your home and car.
• Any items, such as stuffed toys, that can’t be machine-washed can be placed in an airtight bag and stored away for two weeks. Lice cannot survive this long without feeding.
• Soak combs, brushes, headbands, and other hair accessories in rubbing alcohol or medicated shampoo for at least one hour or throw them away.

If your child still has head lice after two weeks with over-the-counter medicated products, contact your dermatologist for more effective treatment.

Herpes Simplex Virus

Herpes Simplex is a group of viral infections that cause sores on the mouth (oral herpes) or genitals (genital herpes).  There are two types of Herpes Simplex Virus:

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 is the most common form of herpes that affects most people at least once during childhood. It is passed from person-to-person through contact with saliva. It is responsible for the formation of cold sores (fever blisters) and canker sores around the mouth and lips. It may also cause an enlargement of lymph nodes in the neck. Generally, this type of herpes does not need any treatment; however, oral medications to treat are available. It will disappear on its own in seven to ten days.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 is sexually transmitted either to the genital area or mouth. About one in five adults in the U.S. has this form of the herpes virus, although many people don’t know they have it. The infection is characterized by sores that look like small pimples or blisters, which break open quickly and ooze fluid. This is followed by a period of crusting over and scabbing until the lesions finally heal, which can take up to four weeks. The infection spreads to areas of skin that come into contact with secretions from the blisters. The lesions most frequently appear on the vagina, vulva, penis, scrotum testicles, thighs, or buttocks. They may be accompanied by a fever, swollen glands, headache, or painful urination. Many people with genital herpes experience sensations of itching, tingling, burning, or pain in areas where lesions will develop.

Genital herpes is diagnosed through a viral culture test of the blister fluid from a lesion and blood tests. There is no known cure. Treatment is designed to reduce pain and hasten healing and includes antiviral medications. For people with more severe, prolonged or frequent outbreaks, your dermatologist may prescribe a stronger antiviral drug.

On average, adults with genital herpes have about four or five outbreaks a year. The first outbreak is usually the most severe and more outbreaks occur the first year than any subsequent year. Generally, symptoms begin to appear about two weeks after transmission. The virus takes root in nerve cells, lying dormant until it re-emerges with another outbreak. Outbreaks are known to be triggered by stress, illness, or excessive sunlight. It is important for people with genital herpes to avoid sexual contact during an active outbreak to reduce the risk of passing the infection on to a sex partner. However, herpes simplex virus type 2 can be transmitted a few days before the appearance of any lesions. That is why people with this infection are encouraged to practice safe sex and use condoms at all times.

Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Considered a severe form of acne, hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic skin inflammation that usually occurs deep in the skin in areas of the body with sweat glands, such as the groin or armpits. It is characterized by a combination of blackheads and red lesions that break open and drain pus, which may cause itching or sweating. As the red bumps grow in size, they can become more painful.

Hidradenitis suppurativa occurs when oil glands and hair follicles become blocked with sweat gland fluid, dead skin cells, and other elements found in hair follicles. These substances become trapped and push out into the surrounding tissue. A break or cut of the skin then allows bacteria to enter the area and cause the inflammation.

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. For mild cases, home remedies work well, such as warm compresses and regular washing with antibacterial soap. In more difficult cases, a topical or oral antibiotic medication may be needed to treat the infection. Your dermatologist may also prescribe oral retinoids to stop oil glands from plugging up the hair follicle; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve pain and swelling; and corticosteroids.

Hives (Urticaria)

Hives are characterized as itchy, red, raised welts (also known as wheals) on the skin’s surface that can spread or join together and form larger areas of raised lesions. They are generally triggered by exposure to an allergen or chemical irritant. They tend to appear suddenly and often disappear equally as suddenly.

Hives are usually an allergic reaction to food, medicine, or animals. They can also be triggered by sun exposure, stress, excessive perspiration, or other, more serious diseases, such as lupus. Anyone can get hives. They are harmless and non-contagious. Hives may itch, burn, or sting. They rarely need medical attention as they tend to disappear on their own. However, in persistent cases, your dermatologist may prescribe antihistamines or oral corticosteroids. The best way to prevent hives is to discontinue exposure to the allergic irritant.

Hives lasting more than six weeks are known as chronic urticaria or, if there is swelling below the surface of the skin, angioedema. There are no known causes of angioedema, but it can affect internal organs and therefore requires medical attention.

Impetigo

Impetigo is a common skin infection usually found in children and infants. It is characterized as single or multiple blisters filled with pus, which pop easily and leave a reddish, raw-looking base, and/or honey-colored crust. In most children, impetigo first appears near the nose and then spreads through scratching to other parts of the face, arms, or legs. The blisters tend to be itchy.

There are three forms of impetigo:

Ordinary Impetigo: Caused by Streptococcal germs. It appears as red sores that rupture quickly, ooze a fluid, and then form a honey-colored crust. It primarily affects children from infancy to age two.

Bulbous Impetigo: Appears as fluid-filled blisters caused by Staphylococcus germs. This contagious infection is carried by the fluid that oozes from the blisters.

Ecthyma: A more serious form of impetigo that penetrates to the second layer of skin (dermis). It is characterized by sores that are painful and/or fluid or pus-filled. These lesions most commonly appear on the legs or feet. The sores break open and scab with a hard yellow-gray crust. It can also cause swollen lymph glands in the affected area.

Impetigo is generally treated with a seven-to-10-day course of prescription oral antibiotics and/or topical antibiotics. The sores tend to heal slowly, so it is important to complete the full course of medications. Please note that over-the-counter topical antibiotics (such as Neosporin) are not effective for treating impetigo.

Intertrigo

Intertrigo is a skin inflammation that occurs in warm, moist folds of the body where two skin surfaces chafe against each other. It most commonly appears on the inner thighs, armpits, groin, the crease on the back of the neck, the bottom of breasts in women, and below the belly in obese people. It can be caused by a bacterial, yeast, or fungal infection. Symptoms include a reddish-brown rash that looks raw and may ooze or itch. In severe cases, the skin may crack or bleed.

Treatment for intertrigo focuses on keeping the affected area dry and exposed to air. Your dermatologist may prescribe steroidal creams, oral antibiotics, or antifungal medications (depending on the cause of the infection) to relieve itching and promote healing. Applying warm, moist compresses to the area can also help relieve itching.

Folliculitis – causes, symptoms and treatment – Medcompass

Folliculitis is an infectious inflammatory process at the site of a hair follicle, which has a fungal, microbial, viral origin.

Symptoms of the disease

At the beginning of the development of the disease, redness and swelling appear in the area of ​​the follicle, in the central part of it there is a hair, around which a cone gradually forms, containing a purulent mass of yellow-green or white color. When this formation is opened and the pus is released, a crusty ulcer appears.The rash is accompanied by soreness and itching of the affected area and lasts about one week. In deep lesions, after the crust has fallen off, scars or increased pigmentation may appear. Folliculitis usually occurs on the face, scalp, groin and armpits, on the legs and thighs.

Causes of the disease

Causes of folliculitis:

• Bacterial infection. Usually it is staphylococcus, but it can also be pseudomonas or gonorrheal folliculitis
• Fungi of the genus Candida or dermatophytes
• Viruses of herpes zoster and molluscum contagiosum
• Scabies or demodectic mites
• Small lesions on the skin, scratches

dermatitis, itchy skin

• Periodontal disease, caries, gingivitis, chronic pharyngitis or tonsillitis can indirectly contribute to the onset of the disease.

The spread of the infectious process is facilitated by the state of immunodeficiency, the use of hormone-based ointments, exposure to irritants and household chemicals.

Diagnostics

The main diagnostic function is to differentiate folliculitis of an infectious nature from other inflammatory processes in the hair follicles (non-infectious). When making a diagnosis, the general clinical picture is taken into account, anamnesis is collected (information about the presence of predisposing factors, the onset of the disease), and laboratory tests are carried out, bacterial culture is prescribed, smears stained according to Gram are examined under a microscope, in some cases a skin biopsy is done.A blood test is mandatory in order to determine the level of glucose in the blood and exclude possible undetected diabetes mellitus. For diagnosis, the nature of the rash is important – the papules are located at the mouths of the hair follicles, and red rims are visible around them. As a rule, inflamed follicles are located irregularly, at a short distance from each other.

Complications

As a rule, folliculitis proceeds without complications, but in some cases certain problems may arise.If the rules of hygiene are not followed or the treatment is incorrect, boils, abscesses, carbuncles, dermatophytosis, and the formation of follicular scars may occur. Sometimes, against the background of folliculitis, nephritis, complex forms of pneumonia, meningitis can occur.

Treatment of the disease

Depending on the cause of the disease, drugs for external use are used that act on the pathogens of folliculitis. It is important to remember that it is impossible to remove pus with nails, as this will lead to an intensification of the process.To prevent the spread of infection, the unaffected skin around the lesion is treated with antiseptic solutions. With frequent recurrences of the disease, ultraviolet radiation therapy is used (usually 6 to 10 sessions are performed at intervals of every other day). If folliculitis is severe, antibacterial or antifungal drugs are prescribed for oral administration, and in parallel, local treatment of the skin is carried out.

Folliculitis

Folliculitis (folliculitis).Purulent inflammation of the hair follicle. In the area of ​​the external genitalia and anus, folliculitis can sometimes resemble erosive syphilitic papules. However, folliculitis has a conical shape, the size of a lentil, accompanied by acute inflammatory (hyperemia and edema in the circumference) phenomena and are associated with sebaceous hair follicles, there is no dense sharply delimited infiltrate at the base. In the center of folliculitis, an accumulation of pus occurs, which after a while is released and a crust forms.Folliculitis is usually accompanied by subjective sensations (burning, itching and soreness).

Hemorrhoids (varices haemorrhoidales). Varicose expansion of hemorrhoidal veins. Unlike vegetative syphilitic papules in the anus, nodes with hemorrhoids are painful, often bleed, do not have a dense infiltrate and opal color; a chronic course is characteristic. In doubtful cases, it is recommended to conduct a study for treponema pallidum and an analysis for serological reactions.

Genital warts (condilomata acuminata). They differ from wide warts in that they are located on a thin stalk and consist of separate small lobules, similar to a cockscomb, which are easily separated from each other when pushed apart with a probe. Their surface is covered with papillary growths and resembles cauliflower in appearance. The color of genital warts is pinkish-red, the skin in the circumference is not changed.

The causative agent of genital warts is a filterable virus.Local stimuli in the genital area and anus (gonorrheal and Trichomonas discharge from the vagina, urethra and rectum, maceration, accumulation of smegma in men, etc.) favor the emergence of these formations.

In men, condylomas are often localized in the coronal sulcus of the penis, at the external opening of the urethra, on the inner leaf of the preputial sac and in the anus, in women on the perineum, around the anus, on the inner surface of the labia majora, on the labia minora, in the area of ​​the clitoris, the entrance to the vagina.Often, genital warts are macerated, eroded (bright red) and painful. At the base of their dense inflammatory infiltrate is never observed, unlike wide warts.

90,000 Pustular skin diseases | # 04/03

Currently, pustular skin diseases are the most common dermatoses. Often the development of pyoderma (pyon-pus, derma-skin) is caused by staphylococci, streptococci, less often – Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mycoplasmas, Escherichia coli, etc.When examining the normal microflora of the skin, the greatest contamination with staphylococci is revealed. In this case, most of all, the skin of the folds, subungual spaces, mucous membranes of the nose and throat is seeded, which can serve as a source of endogenous infection.

Today staphylococci are well studied. They are cells of the correct spherical shape, 0.5-1.5 microns in diameter. Staphylococci are gram-positive, do not form spores. In the process of vital activity, staphylococci secrete exotoxin, which has the ability to lyse human erythrocytes.The pathogenicity of staphylococcal cultures is always associated with coagulase activity. Coagulase-exoenzyme is easily destroyed by proteolytic enzymes, inactivated by ascorbic acid. Coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative pathogens can be detected with pyoderma. Coagulase-negative pathogens, in addition, are currently considered among the most likely causative agents of gram-positive sepsis. It should be noted that the change in the etiology of sepsis is associated with the selection of resistant gram-positive pathogens as a result of the widespread use of antibiotic therapy.When transforming into L-forms, the function of their reproduction is inhibited while growth is preserved. Cells in the L-form state have reduced virulence and may not cause inflammation for a long time, which creates a deceptive impression of inflammation. Probably, the formation of bacilli carrier and chronically current forms of pyoderma, the appearance of atypical forms of bacteria, drug resistance are due to the transformation of staphylococci into L-forms.

When developing therapeutic and prophylactic measures, it is necessary to take into account that staphylococci have a high degree of survival in the external environment.They tolerate drying well, stay in dust, and spread with the air stream. The ways of transmission of staphylococci are very diverse: transmission by airborne droplets, transfer by contaminated hands, objects, etc. is possible.

Carriage of streptococci is much less common. Streptococci are spherical. Facultative anaerobes form endo- and exotoxins, enzymes. Exotoxins have cytotoxic, immunosuppressive and pyogenic effects, erythrogenic activity, and suppress the functions of the reticulohistiocytic system.Streptococci produce deoxyribonuclease, hyaluronidase, streptokinase and other enzymes that provide optimal conditions for the nutrition, growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

In the pathogenesis of pyoderma, a decisive role is played by a decrease in local and general antibacterial resistance of the body. The integrity of the stratum corneum, the presence of a positive electrical charge between bacterial cells and the skin provide a mechanical obstacle to the introduction of pyococci. The discharge of sweat and sebaceous glands with a high concentration of hydrogen ions (pH 3.5-6.7) has bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties.This “chemical mantle” is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and endocrine glands.

Among the most significant exogenous factors contributing to the development of pyoderma are skin pollution, dry skin, exposure to aggressive chemical agents, temperature irritants, etc.

Endogenous factors include overwork, unbalanced nutrition, in particular leading to hypovitaminosis, chronic intoxication, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, foci of chronic purulent infection, immune imbalance, endocrine diseases.In particular, it is known that the most severe and torpid pyoderma occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus.

There is no single generally accepted classification of pyoderma. In this work, we have used the most common working classification. It should be noted that the proposed division into superficial and deep pyoderma is conditional, since superficial foci can spread deeper. On the other hand, streptococcus can be seeded from the surface of a staphylococcal pustule, and, conversely, staphylococci are sometimes isolated from the surface of a streptococcal lesion.

The classic division into staphylococcal and streptococcal lesions is based on a number of typical features. So, a staphylococcal lesion is characterized by a connection with a hair follicle, sweat or sebaceous gland, spreading inward, predominantly conical, local, sometimes in combination with a general, temperature reaction, thick creamy yellow-green purulent contents. Streptococcal pustule is located on smooth skin, lies superficially, has a rounded or oval shape, transparent or translucent purulent contents.

The most superficial form of staphyloderma is ostiofolliculitis. At the mouth of the follicles, a pustule appears, ranging in size from a pinhead to a lenticular grain. It has a hemispherical shape, penetrated with hair. The pustule cover is dense, the contents are purulent. There is a small hyperemic corolla along the periphery. The bottom of the pustule is located in the upper sections of the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. Purulent exudate shrinks into a crust. After three to four days, the element is resolved without scarring.

Folliculitis – acute purulent inflammation of the hair follicle. Unlike ostiofolliculitis, it is accompanied by infiltration, severe pain. The pustule opens with the release of pus and the formation of erosion or shrinks into a crust. The element is resolved by resorption of the infiltrate or with the formation of a scar. The duration of the disease is five to seven days.

Deep folliculitis differs from the usual significant spread into the dermis, it is resolved only with the formation of a scar, the duration of the disease is seven to ten days.

Furuncle is an acute purulent-necrotic lesion of the follicle, sebaceous gland and surrounding subcutaneous fat. The development of a boil from ostiofolliculitis or folliculitis is often noted. The growth of pustules is accompanied by the spread of sharply painful infiltration. After opening the pustule and separating the pus, a necrotic core is clearly visible, separating gradually along with pus. An ulcer forms at the site of the detached necrotic rod.As the necrotic rod is opened and separated, the pain decreases, the phenomena of general inflammation subside, the infiltration resolves, the ulcer is granulated and healed.

The duration of the furuncle evolution depends on tissue reactivity, localization, state of the macroorganism, etc. When localized on the face, scalp, there is a risk of developing sepsis or thrombosis of superficial and deep veins that have direct anastomoses with the sinus of the brain.

Carbuncle is characterized by purulent-necrotic lesions of several hair follicles. The inflammatory infiltrate increases not only due to peripheral growth and the possible involvement of new follicles in the process, but also as a result of its spread into the depths of the underlying tissues. On palpation, there is a sharp soreness. Gradually, in several places around the hair follicles located in the central part of the lesion, deep skin necrosis occurs.The focus acquires a slate-blue or black color, “melts” in one or several places (the name “carbuncle” comes from carbo – coal). At the next stage, multiple holes appear, from which purulent-bloody fluid flows out. An ulcer with uneven edges is formed, shallow at first, greenish-yellow necrotic rods are visible at the bottom, which are rejected much more slowly than with single boils. After the rejection of necrotic masses, a deep, irregularly shaped ulcer is formed, with cyanotic, flaccid, undermined edges.The ulcer is gradually cleared of plaque, performed by granulation and healed within two to three weeks.

Furunculosis is a recurrent form of a boil. Conditionally distinguish between local furunculosis, when rashes are observed in limited areas, and disseminated, when elements appear on different areas of the skin. As a rule, the process develops against the background of a pronounced immune imbalance, for example, in HIV-infected people, patients with diabetes mellitus, etc.P.

Sycosis vulgaris is a chronic recurrent inflammation of the follicles in the growth zone of short thick hair. Most often, the disease occurs in men with signs of imbalance in sex hormones and is localized in the area of ​​beard and mustache growth. Infiltration of foci is pronounced, ostiofolliculitis and folliculitis appear. After the elements are resolved, scars are not formed, but when attempts to forcefully open the folliculitis, scarring is possible.

Hydradenitis – purulent inflammation of the apocrine sweat glands, observed at a young and mature age.In children before puberty and the elderly, the disease does not develop, since their apocrine sweat glands do not function. Most often, hydradenitis is localized in the axillary areas, sometimes on the chest around the nipples, navel, genitals, and anus. The disease develops slowly, accompanied by discomfort, pain in the lesion, in some cases itching, burning, tingling in the lesion. At the onset of the disease, the surface of the skin has a normal color. In the future, the area of ​​the lesion increases to 1-2 cm, the surface of the skin becomes bluish-red.Hidradenitis is characterized by the formation of conglomerates that protrude above the level of the surrounding healthy areas (popularly the disease is called “bough udder”). When opening, one or more fistulous passages are formed, necrotic rods are not formed. With regression, retracted scars remain. People with immune imbalance often have relapses of the disease.

Early childhood staphyloderma differ in a number of features. The elements do not possess the typical properties of a staphylococcal pustule (there is no connection with the hair follicle, sebaceous or sweat gland, the elements are located superficially, have a transparent or translucent content).In newborns, vesiculopustulosis is most common, which is a purulent inflammation of the mouths of the eccrine sweat glands. With adequate management of such patients, the process does not extend into the depths, is not accompanied by infiltration. The duration of the disease does not exceed seven to ten days. Epidemic pemphigus of newborns is more severe. Surface elements quickly spread throughout the entire skin, the resulting erosion is bordered by a fringe of exfoliating epidermis.In a malignant course, erosion merges with each other with peripheral growth of blisters and detachment of the epidermis. The severity of the condition is directly proportional to the affected area. The child’s condition is assessed as severe, staphylococcal pneumonia, otitis media, sepsis develop. The most dangerous form of epidemic pemphigus of newborns is exfoliative dermatitis. Bubbles with a flabby tire rapidly increase, open up, forming erosion, bordered by exfoliated epidermis. Skin rashes are accompanied by severe fever, weight loss, often diarrhea, pneumonia, otitis media, etc.P.

Staphylococcus aureus can also be detected in acne vulgaris, acting in association with Propionbacterium acne. Hyperandrogenemia predisposes to an increase in the secretory function of the sebaceous glands. On the skin of the face, scalp, chest and in the interscapular region, the skin becomes oily, shiny, uneven, rough with expanded orifices of hair follicles. The thick form of oily seborrhea, which is more often observed in men, is characterized by enlarged orifices of the sebaceous glands; when pressed, a small amount of sebaceous secretion comes out.The liquid form of oily seborrhea is more common in women, characterized by the fact that when pressing on the skin, a translucent liquid is released from the orifices of the sebaceous glands. Mixed seborrhea is more often observed in men, while the symptoms of oily seborrhea appear in the area of ​​the facial skin, and dry seborrhea on the scalp, where fine-lamellar peeling is expressed, the hair is thin, dry. Acne develops in people with oily or mixed seborrhea. Among the patients, adolescents (somewhat more often boys), women with violations of the ovarian cycle as a result of prolonged intake of glucocorticoid hormones, bromine, iodine preparations, and prolonged work with chlorine-containing substances predominate.

The most common form of the disease is acne vulgaris, localized on the skin of the face, chest, back. After the resolution of the pustules, shriveled yellowish crusts form. In the future, an increase in pigmentation is observed or a superficial scar is formed. In some cases, after the resolution of acne, keloid scars (acne-keloid) occur. If the process proceeds with the formation of a pronounced infiltrate, then deep scars (phlegmonous acne) remain at the place of resolution of acne.When the elements merge, acne confluens are formed. A more severe form of the disease manifests itself in the form of acne conglobata, accompanied by the formation of a dense infiltration of nodes in the upper part of the subcutaneous fat. Nodules can form into conglomerates with the subsequent formation of abscesses.

After the healing of ulcers, uneven scars remain, with bridges, fistulas. Lightning acne (acne fulminans) is accompanied by septicemia, arthralgia, gastrointestinal symptoms.

Streptoderma is characterized by lesions of smooth skin, superficial location, a tendency to peripheral growth. In clinical practice, the most common fliktena is a superficial streptococcal pustule.

Let’s look at a few examples.

Streptococcal impetigo is highly contagious, it is observed mainly in children, sometimes in women. Flicks appear on a hyperemic background, do not exceed 1 cm in diameter, have transparent contents and a thin flabby tire.Gradually, the exudate becomes cloudy, shrinks into a straw-yellow and loose crust. After the crust has fallen off and the epithelium is restored, slight hyperemia, peeling, or hemosiderin pigmentation are temporarily preserved. The number of conflicts is gradually increasing. Dissemination of the process is possible. Complications in the form of lymphangitis and lymphadenitis are not uncommon. In weakened persons, the process may spread to the mucous membranes of the nasal cavities, mouth, upper respiratory tract, etc.

Bullous streptococcal impetigo is localized on the hands, feet, legs.The size of the conflict is more than 1 cm in diameter. The cover of the elements is tense. Sometimes elements appear against a hyperemic background. The process is characterized by slow peripheral growth.

Zayed (slit impetigo, perlesch, angular stomatitis) is characterized by damage to the corners of the mouth. On the edematous hyperemic background, painful slit-like erosion appears. Along the periphery, you can find a whitish corolla of exfoliated epithelium, sometimes a hyperemic rim, and infiltration phenomena.Often, the process develops in persons suffering from caries, hypovitaminosis, atopic dermatitis, etc.

Lichen simplex occurs more often in preschool children in the spring.

On the skin of the face, the upper half of the body, spots of a rounded shape of pink appear, covered with whitish scales. With a large number of scales, the spot is perceived as white.

Superficial paronychia can be observed both in persons working in factories for the processing of fruits, vegetables, in pastry shops, etc.and in children who have a habit of biting their nails. The skin of the periungual roller turns red, swelling, soreness appears, then a bubble with transparent contents forms. Gradually, the contents of the bladder become cloudy, the bladder turns into a pustule with a tense lining. If the process becomes chronic, deformation of the nail plate is possible.

Intertriginous streptoderma (streptococcal diaper rash) occurs in large folds, axillary areas.Conflicts that appear in large numbers later merge. Upon opening, continuous eroded weeping surfaces of bright pink color are formed, with scalloped borders and a border of exfoliating epidermis along the periphery. Painful cracks can be found deep in the folds. Screenings often appear in the form of separately located pustular elements that are in different stages of development.

Syphilic papular impetigo occurs mainly in infants.Favorite localization – the skin of the buttocks, genitals, thighs. Characterized by the appearance of rapidly opening fliken with the formation of erosions and a small infiltrate at their base, which was the reason for choosing the name “syphilic”, because of the similarity with erosive papular syphilis. Unlike syphilis, in this case we are talking about an acute inflammatory reaction.

Chronic superficial diffuse streptoderma is characterized by diffuse lesions of significant areas of the skin, legs, and less often of the hands.The lesions have large-scalloped outlines due to growth along the periphery, hyperemic, sometimes with a slight bluish tinge, somewhat infiltrated and covered with large-lamellar crusts. There is a continuous weeping surface under the crusts. Sometimes the disease begins with an acute stage (acute diffuse streptoderma), when an acute diffuse skin lesion occurs around infected wounds, fistulas, burns, etc.

Ecthyma is a deep streptococcal pustule. Inflammatory element is deep, non-follicular.The disease begins with the formation of a small vesicle or peri-follicular pustule with serous or serous-purulent contents, which quickly dry up into a soft, golden-yellow convex crust. The latter consists of several layers, which served as the basis for the now textbook comparison with the Napoleon cake. After falling off or removing the crust, a round or oval ulcer with a bleeding bottom is found. There is a dirty gray coating on the surface of the ulcer. The ulcer heals slowly, within two to three weeks, with the formation of a scar, a zone of pigmentation along the periphery.With a severe course of vulgar ecthyma, a deep ulcer (ecthyma terebrans – penetrating ecthyma) can form, with symptoms of gangrene and a high likelihood of sepsis. Mixed pyoderma is characterized by the presence of both staphylococcal and streptococcal pustules (in fact, in addition to staphylococci and streptococci, other pathogens can also be detected).

Let’s look at a few examples.

Vulgar impetigo occurs most frequently.Mostly children and women are affected. Favorite localization – the skin on the face around the eyes, nose, mouth, sometimes the process extends to the upper half of the body, arms. On a hyperemic background, a bubble with serous contents appears. The bubble cap is thin, flaccid. The contents of the bladder become purulent within a few hours. The skin at the base of the pustule is infiltrated, the corolla of hyperemia increases. After a few hours, the lid is opened, forming erosion, the discharge of which shrinks into “honey crusts”.On the fifth or seventh day, the crusts are torn off, for some time a slightly peeling spot remains in their place, which later disappears without a trace

Chronic deep ulcerative vegetative pyoderma has a predominant localization on the scalp, shoulders, forearms, axillary areas, legs. On an infiltrated bluish-red background with clear boundaries, which sharply differs from the surrounding healthy skin, irregular ulceration appears in place of pustules.On the surface, papillomatous growths with verrucous cortical layers can be found. When squeezed from the holes of the fistulous passages, purulent or purulent-hemorrhagic contents are released. With regression, the vegetation gradually flattens, the separation of pus stops. Healing occurs with the formation of uneven scars.

Gangrenous pyoderma occurs more often in patients with chronic inflammatory infectious foci. Changes in the skin develop against the background of chronic inflammatory infectious foci, connective tissue diseases, and oncological processes.Blisters with transparent and hemorrhagic contents, deep folliculitis quickly disintegrate or open with the formation of ulcers that expand along the periphery. In the future, a focus is formed with an extensive ulcerative surface and uneven undermined edges. Along the periphery, these edges are raised in the form of a ridge surrounded by a zone of hyperemia. Bleeding granulations are found at the bottom of the ulcers. Ulcers gradually increase in size, are sharply painful. Scarring of different areas does not occur simultaneously, i.e.That is, with scarring of one area, further growth of another can be observed.

Pyoderma chancriform begins with the formation of a bubble, after opening which remains erosion or an ulcer of rounded or oval outlines, the base of which is always compacted. As the name implies, a pinkish-red ulcerative surface with clear boundaries is subsequently formed, resembling a hard chancre in appearance. Certain difficulties in differential diagnosis can also be caused by a similar localization characteristic of these diseases: genitals, red border of the lips.Unlike syphilis, a pronounced infiltrate is palpable at the base of the lesion, sometimes painful when pressed. Multiple negative studies for the presence of pale treponema, negative serological tests for syphilis confirm the diagnosis.

For the treatment of superficial pyoderma, alcohol solutions, aniline dyes are used. If necessary, the cover of flikten and pustules is aseptically opened, followed by washing with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide and lubrication with disinfectant solutions.On common multiple foci, ointments containing antibiotics are applied.

In the absence of the effect of external therapy, deep lesions on the face, neck (furuncle, carbuncle), pyoderma complicated by lymphangitis or lymphadenitis, parenteral or oral use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is indicated. In chronic and recurrent forms of pyoderma, specific immunotherapy is used (staphylococcal toxoid, native and adsorbed staphylococcal bacteriophage, staphylococcal antifagin, antistaphylococcal g-globulin, streptococcal vaccine, streptococcal bacteriophage, anti-staphylococcal plasma).

In severe cases, especially in debilitated patients, the use of immunomodulatory agents is indicated.

In the case of chronic ulcerative pyoderma, courses of antibiotics can be supplemented by the appointment of glucocorticoids in a dose equivalent to 20-50 mg of prednisolone per day for three to six weeks. In the most severe course, cytostatics are used.

Prevention of pustular skin diseases, including compliance with hygienic rules, timely treatment for intercurrent diseases, adherence to diet, etc.should also be carried out at the national level (raising the standard of living of the population, introducing methods of protection against microtraumatism and contact with chemicals in production, solving environmental problems, etc.).

I. V. Khamaganova , Doctor of Medical Sciences, Russian State Medical University, Moscow

90,000 Causes, symptoms and treatment of folliculitis. Various types of disease

Perhaps you could observe redness at the site of hair dew.

The reason for this is the process of inflammation of the hair follicles.

This disease is called folliculitis.

Folliculitis is an inflammation process in the hair follicles, it can be serous or purulent.

Distinguish between acute and chronic course of the process.

At the site of the lesion, you can notice the formation of nodules, which are small and reddish.

Touching the education causes the appearance of soreness.

A few days later, purulent contents appear inside the nodule, which has a yellowish tinge.

On the inside of the node, you can see a small black dot.

After the inflammation goes away, an area with a scaly surface forms in its place.

Sometimes ulcers form at the site of the rash, after healing, they become scars.

No more hair will grow in this area.

Folliculitis: causes

There are several reasons for the development.

These can be pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms.

The follicle can be affected by:

• Bending
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Parasites

They easily penetrate the follicle and cause inflammation.

Hoffmann’s folliculitis develops when infected with bacteria.

The main causative agent is staphylococcus aureus.

If a person has once suffered a staphylococcal infection, then the likelihood of a relapse of the disease increases.

A transition to the chronic stage is possible.

Staphylococci are permanent inhabitants of human skin.

May exist in soil, air.

Most staphylococci do not cause skin diseases, they are considered opportunistic.

But some strains of bacteria provoke the formation of pustules.

Decalvating folliculitis

A rare type of disease.

Leads to the formation of bald spots on the affected areas of the skin, atrophic changes in the skin.

Folliculitis associated with gram-negative flora.

Appears as a result of long-term use of antibacterial agents.

This often occurs with uncontrolled treatment of acne in the face and other parts of the body.

Infection can enter the body, causing abscesses.

In addition to bacterial causes, folliculitis can appear under the influence of other factors.

Fungal folliculitis appears when the fungus enters the skin.

Most often it is a flexible genus Candida or dermatophytosis.

Formations with candidal folliculitis can occur on the back, legs, neck and face.

Diseases develop due to violation of hygiene rules, disorders of the immune system or abuse of antibacterial agents.

The disease requires timely treatment.

Lack of treatment leads to the development of complications and the spread of the fungal process.

Pseudomonas – caused most often by staphylococcal or other bacterial flora.

Damage to the follicle occurs during contact with water or objects that contain pathogenic flora.

Most common in children.

Herpetic – more common among men.

Depilatory folliculitis affects the stronger sex after 30 years.

When the formation disappears, scars form in its place.

Syphilitic – A specific type of folliculitis that develops when infected with syphilis.

Is a characteristic symptom for the second stage of the disease.

The rash on the body has a pale red tint, in their place is non-scarring alopecia.

Disruptive – affects the hair on the head of men.

It spreads deeply and has a limited shape.

On the back of the head, a swelling in the form of an oval, soft to the touch, can be seen.

The skin in this place will have a bluish or yellowish color.

Eosinophilic occurs in humans with a sharp decrease in immune status, for example, with HIV infection.

It is detected quite rarely and mainly affects males.

Localized on the head, limbs or trunk.

On the meta of the lesion, red papules are formed – formations with a slight bulge.

Sometimes they can have a pustular form, so the formation can be confused with acne.

Parasitic – The cause of its appearance is a tick.

Areas of hyperemia, pustular or papular rashes are formed on the skin.

Peeling can be observed around the hair.

On the face, tick-borne folliculitis looks like a pinkish acne.

Can be located in intimate areas: groin, pubis, scrotum.

Reticulated erythematous folliculitis is a rare dermatological disease.

The cause of the onset of the disease can be not only microorganisms.

Other prerequisites often occur:

• Diseases with a chronic course, impaired metabolic processes
• Vascular diseases
• AIDS
• Long-term use of antibiotics
• Sudden temperature changes
• After depilation: sugaring, laser hair removal, shaving
• Decrease in the amount of vitamins in the body
• Disorders of the thyroid glands

In pregnant women, folliculitis most often manifests itself in the 2nd or 3rd trimester.

Is a form of superficial pyoderma.

There is often penile folliculitis in men of different etiology.

Many people are interested in the question: “Is folliculitis contagious?”

The answer to this question will be unequivocally, yes.

It is capable of being transmitted by using someone else’s towel or clothing.

Viruses, fungi and bacteria can also be transmitted through sexual contact.

Bacterial folliculitis in humans appears upon close contact with household items.

Folliculitis in children

This problem affects children over 10-12 years old.

During this period, puberty occurs, as a result of which the hormonal background changes.

A rash in a child may appear on any part of the body, mainly on the face.

Rashes can affect areas of the skin deep enough, as a result of which the process of skin inflammation occurs.

A contributing factor to the appearance of formations is a decrease in the amount of vitamins in the child’s body.

Rashes on the hairy part of the skin are formed with a deficiency of vitamin D, A and C.

Infection can spread through poor hygiene.

Chronic infectious foci also contribute to the development of the disease.

Differential diagnosis is important in children.

Only then can you start treatment.

Pay attention! The course of therapy is prescribed by a specialist.

Folliculitis and furuncle: difference

Both of these diseases are provoked by staphylococcal flora.

Folliculitis is characterized by inflammation of the hair follicle and looks like a red nodule.

Damaged hair becomes weak and can be easily removed.

If the disease sinks deeply, it can become chronic.

Furuncle – is a purulent formation around a hair on the skin.

Outwardly it looks like a knot and is accompanied by severe soreness.

It can be located:

• Neck or face
• Chest, back
• Buttocks
• On nose or ears
• Hands or Hips

All areas of the skin where hair is present are prone to the formation of boils.

Inside contains pus, which is located in the center.

When pressed, the contents are released outward, sometimes blood may appear.

The appearance of furunculosis is characteristic of adolescence.

Hypothermia, hormonal disruptions contribute to the disease.

Typical symptoms

The first characteristic sign is the appearance of a red and edematous area at the site of the hair follicle.

After that, a pustule appears, which contains a purulent fluid inside.

The opened follicle after removal of pus forms an ulcerative formation.

It dries up and becomes covered with a crust, it will be purulent.

After the crust comes off, scar tissue remains in its place and pigmentation may form.

When folliculitis is superficial, most often it proceeds without complications.

The process does not leave scars in its place.

The duration from the beginning to the end of the development of folliculitis can take about one week.

Important! Folliculitis is most often multiple, affecting a group of follicles that are located nearby.

May cover various areas of the body with hair.

Most often affected:

• Glute or abdomen
• Skin in the armpit
• Legs and arms
• Labia
• Pubic and groin

After the onset of the disease, itching sensations and pain appear in the meta of the formation.

Attention! Long-term absence of treatment leads to complications.

If the necessary therapeutic measures are not taken, an abscess, phlegmon or carbuncle may develop.

How does it proceed in men?

In men, follicles are affected at the site of the growth of the beard and mustache.

Pityriasis peeling is observed at the site of the rash.

These symptomatic signs bring a lot of discomfort to their owner.

In order to accurately diagnose, the doctor must conduct a skin examination.

Anamnestic data collection, examination of the affected area of ​​the body and mucous membranes is performed.

Palpation is performed on the affected area of ​​the body.

Features in women

Folliculitis in women often develops after shugaring or other types of depilation.

Abscess folliculitis develops after procedures in violation of the rules of asepsis.

A process can be formed after the massage, which was carried out in violation of hygienic requirements.

An allergic process can also provoke the appearance of folliculitis

What does chronic folliculitis look like in women?

Small red dots in the hair growth zone – this is what ordinary folliculitis looks like.

Usually it is located on the arms, legs, less often on the priest.

Diagnostics

If skin rashes appear, you should be examined by a specialist.

All diagnostic methods are usually aimed at:

• Search for factors contributing to rashes
• Pathogen identification
• Differential Diagnostics

The doctor examines the rashes, taking into account their nature, color and size.

In the process of visual examination, the specialist can preliminarily determine the degree of damage to the hair follicle.

During the consultation and examination, the doctor will take the material.

Dermatoscopy is performed.

The content is taken from the education, and then sent for research to the laboratory.

In laboratory conditions, the material can be studied by several methods:

• Bacteriological culture
• Microscopic examination
• Polymerase chain reaction
• RPR Test

Additionally, blood sugar tests can be prescribed.

Conduct standard biochemical studies, UAC.

If necessary, an immunogram is performed.

By sowing on nutrient media, determine the type of microorganisms that caused the appearance of the disease.

Determine the sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.

The results of the research, a specialist will help you decipher.

PCR diagnostics is used to identify a bacterial or viral infection.

When the result is obtained, the doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.

Our center has its own clinical laboratory.

This provides the shortest research time.

Once the diagnosis has been made, treatment can begin.

Treatment

The therapy is carried out in a complex manner.

The following activities are usually carried out:

• Elimination of the infectious agent
• Removal of pain symptoms
• Strengthening the immune system
• Taking eubiotics

Important! It is not recommended to self-medicate at home.

Self-administration of antibacterial drugs, without consulting a doctor, can cause complications.

A dermatologist prescribes a course of treatment.

To make an appointment with a doctor, you should contact the registry.

How long does folliculitis treatment take?

When answering this question, one should take into account the form of skin lesions.

The easy stage responds to therapy faster.

External therapy includes lubricating the skin with antiseptic solutions.

The following formulations are used:

• Levomycetin alcohol
• Boric acid
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Potassium permanganate solution

Folliculitis ointments, which have an antimicrobial effect, can be applied locally.

For treatment, you can use lincomycin, erythromycin ointment or Sinerit.

Medicines for administration, prescribed in the idea of ​​tablets or capsules.

Tablets Ciprolet is an antibacterial agent, the active ingredient is ciprofloxacin.

This is an antibiotic-cephalosporin, it has a wide spectrum of action against bacterial pathogens.

Adults and children over 15 years of age are allowed to use.

Recommended to be taken orally before meals, while drinking plenty of water.

The dose is set by the doctor, taking into account the individual characteristics of each patient.

The course of taking the drug can be from 5 days to a week.

Acnecutan capsules: Isotretinoin is the active ingredient of the drug.

It allows you to reduce the action of the sebaceous glands, reduces the size of the formations.

Has anti-inflammatory effect.

Recommended to be taken with food with water.

Capsules should be taken once or twice a day.

Selection of the dosage of the drug is carried out individually for each patient.

The dosage may be 0.4 – 0.8 mg / day.

If folliculitis is severe, appoint up to 2 mg per day.

In the event that folliculitis reappears, you should undergo a second course of therapy.

It is recommended to repeat the treatment no earlier than 8 weeks after the completion of the first course.

During pregnancy, treatment with this drug is strictly prohibited.

To eliminate folliculitis, it is recommended to use a medicated shampoo.

Treatment with folk remedies is possible after consulting a doctor.

What complications can there be?

With an adequate course of therapy, the outcome is favorable, the disease is easily treatable, leaves no traces.

Sometimes complications can be observed, one of them is scarring of tissues on the mete of formation.

Formation of pigmented spots is possible.

Rarely, complications such as:

• Abscess
• Lymphadenitis
• Furunculosis

In case of violation of the immune status, damage to internal organs is possible.

Correctly selected treatment allows you to get rid of the disease and prevent the development of complications.

Prevention of occurrence

To maintain your health, follow a number of preventive measures.

When they are performed, the manifestation of unpleasant symptoms can be prevented.

One of them is the careful selection of intimate hygiene products, which include skin care products.

Men should use special cosmetics when using a razor.

If you notice damage, abrasions or abrasions on the skin, it is recommended to immediately treat the area with an antiseptic solution.

When working with chemical preparations, the skin of the face and hands should be carefully protected.

Many people believe that antibacterial soaps are only beneficial.

But that’s not the case.

In addition to inhibiting bacteria, it can disrupt the protective functions of the skin.

It is better to wash your face under cool water, the procedure will reduce the amount of sebum secreted.

An important point is the timely treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases.

For 100% of the treatment result, it must be carried out under the supervision of a physician .

Where to treat?

Make an appointment with a dermatologist at our medical center.

Only qualified help and experienced doctors: you can read these reviews on our website.

If you have any suspicious symptoms, please contact our clinic!

Receptions are conducted by highly qualified doctors with over 20 years of experience.

90,000 Keloid scars – causes of appearance, in what diseases it occurs, diagnosis and treatment methods

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-medication.In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For a diagnosis and correct prescription of treatment, you should contact your doctor.

Keloid scar: causes of appearance, in what diseases it occurs, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Keloid scar is a bright red, burgundy or pink thickening rising above the skin surface, in some cases accompanied by pain, burning sensation and itching.

It occurs after mechanical damage to the skin, as well as as a result of burns, tattoos, piercings, animal bites. In rare cases, it can form for no apparent reason.

Most often, keloid scars are localized in the chest area, on the upper and lower extremities, on the face, but they are almost never on the palms, soles, skin of the eyelids and genitals.

Keloid scars differ from other skin scars by their tendency to grow rapidly with the capture of healthy surrounding tissue.This process can take several months or even years. As a result, the marginal zone of the scar begins to resemble “cancer claws”. If the keloid scar is located on the flexor and extensor surfaces, it can hinder movement.

Varieties of keloid scars

1. True (spontaneous) keloid. It occurs on visually altered skin and is a solitary formation of a dense consistency that rises above the level of the skin, has a pale pink color, a spherical shape and various sizes.
2. False keloid. It occurs on any part of the skin, developing after extensive burns, trauma, or at the site of postoperative scars. It looks like a reddish scar covered with a thin layer of skin.
3. Acne keloid (papillary dermatitis of the head, sclerosing folliculitis of the occiput) is a chronic inflammation of the skin of the occiput or the back of the neck, manifested by multiple scattered cone-shaped red-brown papules (dense, medium-sized elevations above the skin surface), which, merging, form a plaque.It occurs most often in men.

Depending on the age of , keloid scars are divided into young and old:

• young – exist from 4-5 months to 3 years and are characterized by active growth;
• old (mature) – have existed for more than 3 years, may end their growth or grow slowly.

Possible causes of keloid scars

There are several reasons that can lead to the formation of keloid scars:

1. Spontaneous occurrence, for no apparent reason.
2. Hereditary factors.
3. Consequence of mechanical or chemical exposure (household injuries, burns, surgery, acne, inflammation, animal bites).
4. Long-term use of certain drugs: hormonal drugs, cytostatics (drugs used to treat rheumatological and oncological diseases), anticoagulants (drugs that thin the blood), anti-inflammatory drugs.
5. Dark skin.It has been noticed that people with dark skin are more prone to keloid scars than the average in the population.

• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome – characterized by joint hypermobility, increased skin elasticity;
• Marfan’s syndrome is a hereditary disease of the connective tissue, which is manifested by pathological changes in the cardiovascular and osteoarticular systems, as well as diseases of the organs of vision;
• Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease belonging to the group of systemic connective tissue diseases.It is manifested by skin tightening, damage to internal organs, non-bacterial inflammation, increased collagen production and impaired microcirculation;
• syndactyly is a genetic disorder characterized by fusion of the fingers.

2. Endocrine and immune diseases:

   a) lesions of the adrenal glands;
   b) disruption of the thyroid gland;
   c) increased production of IgE immunoglobulin;
   d) being overweight or malnourished;
   e) diabetes mellitus.

3. Diseases of the blood (anemia).

Which doctors should I contact?

If a keloid scar appears after injury or surgery, you should contact
to the surgeon. In case of spontaneously occurring scars or their appearance at the site of altered skin (acne, boils, etc.), you can consult a dermatologist. If keloid scars form in people with diseases of the endocrine system (diabetes mellitus, obesity), you should contact
therapist,
endocrinologist, gynecologist-endocrinologist.If you suspect a systemic damage to the body, you may need to consult a rheumatologist or geneticist.

Diagnostics and examinations in the event of keloid scars

During the collection of anamnesis, the doctor pays attention to the peculiarities of the formation of scar tissue. Keloid scars are characterized by:

• the beginning of formation in a few weeks or months after the complete healing of the wound;
• fairly high growth rate;
• no decreasing tendency;
• spread beyond the original wound;
• inability to form a fold of skin at the site of the scar;
• the presence of soreness, itching, burning;
• Rough and dense scar texture.

In some cases, the attending physician may prescribe a genetic blood test:

1. for suspected Ellers-Danlos syndrome;

During the search for the causes of spontaneously arising keloid scars, it may be necessary to diagnose the functions of the endocrine and immune systems:

I. Assessment of the thyroid gland:

1. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland;

II. Assessment of the work of the adrenal glands:

1. ultrasound of the adrenal glands;

III.Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus includes a biochemical blood test to determine the level of blood glucose, urea, creatinine.

If the blood sugar level rises, the doctor may send for a glucose tolerance test, the essence of which is to measure blood sugar on an empty stomach and then 2 hours after taking water with 75 g of glucose, and also advise to donate blood to determine the level of glycated hemoglobin (absorption of glucose by red blood cells) …

IV. Calculation of body mass index (overweight or underweight).BMI is calculated using the formula: BMI = weight (kg) / height (m ² ).

In some cases, the doctor may decide to conduct tests for the presence of blood diseases, accompanied by a decrease in hemoglobin levels (anemia). For this, a clinical blood test is prescribed with the determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, MCV platelets (size of erythrocytes).

If these indicators deviate from the reference values, additional diagnostics are carried out in order to establish the type of anemia (in most cases, anemia can be associated either with impaired absorption of blood iron, or with impaired absorption of vitamin B ₁₂ ).To diagnose iron deficiency anemia, the following indicators are used: ferritin, TIBSS, transferrin, serum iron, which are responsible for the transfer and absorption of iron. If you suspect the development of B ₁₂ -deficient anemia, a study of the level of vitamin B ₁₂ in the blood is performed.

What to do in case of keloid scars

You don’t need to do anything on your own so as not to aggravate the situation (remember – keloid scars tend to grow, and even their minimal trauma can significantly speed up this process).In addition, it is advisable to refuse to visit baths, saunas, hot baths, since thermal exposure negatively affects cicatricial deformities of the skin.

Treatment of keloid scars

There are several methods for the correction of keloid scars, the application of which depends on the stage of scar formation.

At the stage of young scar , when it is actively growing, the task is to stop its growth and reduce pain. To do this, corticosteroid drugs are injected directly into the scar tissue.

Bucky therapy demonstrates good results – irradiation of the scar with gamma rays, which allows to reduce pain, a feeling of tightness of the skin, itching, slow down or completely stop growth with subsequent blanching of the scar.In parallel, external drugs can be prescribed that soften the scar tissue.

For young scars, the so-called pressure therapy is used (silicone plates, elastic roll and tubular bandages, etc.), achieving a double effect – softening the scar and its flattening.

Treatment of keloid scars is a lengthy process that requires careful adherence to all doctor’s recommendations.

At the stage of mature scar , the doctor first of all must make sure that its growth is complete and the scar tissue is behaving calmly. Then the task is to make it less noticeable (it is impossible to completely remove the keloid scar, since the correction of cicatricial deformity is carried out strictly within the boundaries of the scar, and a minimal effect on the healthy surrounding tissue can provoke the resumption of keloid growth).To do this, use laser resurfacing or excision of the scar with a scalpel.

Sources:

1. Federal clinical guidelines for the management of patients with keloid and hypertrophic scars. Clinical guidelines of the Russian Federation (Russia). Russian Society of Dermatovenereologists and Cosmetologists. Moscow, 2015.16 p.
2. Clinical protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cicatricial skin lesions. StAR sections “Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons and Dental Surgeons”.Moscow, 2014.40 p.

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-medication. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For a diagnosis and correct prescription of treatment, you should contact your doctor.

Information checked by expert

Lishova Ekaterina Alexandrovna

Higher medical education, work experience – 19 years

90,000 ITCHY PUBLIC HAIR: CAUSES AND TREATMENT – HEALTH

Overview Occasional itching anywhere on the body, even in the pubic area, is probably nothing to worry about.However, persistent itching in pubic hair can be caused by allergies, damage to hair follicles

Contents:

Overview

Accidental itching anywhere on the body, even in the pubic area, is probably nothing to worry about. However, persistent itching in pubic hair can be caused by allergies, damage to hair follicles, or infection. Find out what can cause pubic itching and how to treat it.

Causes of pubic hair itching

Razor burn

If you have recently shaved your pubis, your itching may be due to a razor burn.A razor burn looks like a red rash, often with tiny bumps that may feel painful or painful. You can get razor burn if:

• Don’t use enough lubricant, such as shaving cream or soap
• Shave too fast
• Shave too often
• Use an old or clogged razor

Pubic lice (crabs)

Pubic lice, also called crabs, are tiny insects that live in the genital area.Pubic lice are different from head and body lice and are most commonly sexually transmitted. You can also get crabs by sharing clothes, towels, or bedding with someone who is infected.

They cause severe itching and can spread to other parts of the body with coarse hair, such as legs and armpits.

Contact dermatitis

If you have recently used a new product that has come into contact with your genital area, your itching may be due to contact dermatitis.Soaps, lotions, and other hygiene and skin care products can cause contact dermatitis, which is skin irritation.

In addition to itching, contact dermatitis can cause:

• redness
• dry or flaky skin
• urticaria

Allergic dermatitis

Allergic dermatitis occurs when your skin has an allergic reaction to a foreign substance. You may have an allergic reaction to chemicals and perfumes in soaps and skin care products, latex and other substances such as poison ivy or poison oak.

Symptoms may include:

• itching
• redness
• burning
• blisters
• pain

Scabies

This highly contagious skin disease is caused by a microscopic mite that burrows into the skin and lays eggs. As soon as the eggs hatch, the mites crawl over the skin, forming new burrows, leaving subtle red marks of tiny red bumps.

They cause severe itching that usually worsens at night and most commonly affects the folds of the skin around the genitals, buttocks, breasts and knees.

Scabies is transmitted through prolonged close physical contact with a patient with scabies, including through sexual and non-sexual contact from skin to skin of any type. It can also be distributed in classrooms, kindergartens, and nursing homes.

Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-infectious, autoimmune skin disease that causes thick red patches of skin with silvery scales. Spots can form anywhere on the body, but they usually occur on the elbows and knees.The spots can be very itchy and painful, and can crack and bleed.

Although plaque psoriasis is the most common type, inverse psoriasis most commonly affects the genital area, including the pubis. This type is associated with red lesions that appear smooth and shiny in the folds around the genitals and groin.

Tinea cruris (athlete’s itch)

Jock itch is a fungal infection that affects the skin folds in the genital area. It is more common in men because moisture is easily trapped between the scrotum and thigh, creating an ideal environment for the fungus to grow.

Jock itch causes a very itchy rash with a scaly dark pink or reddish border. It can also be very painful.

You are more likely to get itching:

• in warmer weather
• if you wear tight or damp clothing
• if you don’t dry your genital area after bathing
• if you are obese
• if you have sports feet or onychomycosis, fungal infection of nails

Eczema

Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of eczema.It is characterized by scaly red rashes, which, when combed, can form irregularities and leak fluid. Eczema most commonly occurs in folds in the elbows or knees, but it can also affect the male and female genitals.

Eczema can be caused by a number of reasons, including:

• very hot or cold weather
• chemicals and fragrances in soaps and other skin products
• dry skin
• stress

Candidiasis (fungal infection)

Candidiasis, also called a yeast infection, is caused by an overgrowth of a yeast fungus called candida.Candida fungi thrive in warmth and moisture, so they usually attack the folds of the skin and the genital area. Wearing tight clothing, poor hygiene practices, and inadequate drying after bathing increase your risk.

Symptoms may include:

• red rash that may blister (fungal skin infection)
• painful urination (infection of the vagina or penis)
• severe itching
• abnormal discharge

Folliculitis

Folliculitis is a common infection of the hair follicle, which is the opening in which the hair root is located.It can affect one or more follicles and cause tiny, itchy, red bumps, sometimes with a white tip.

Folliculitis often occurs in the pubic area due to shaving, moisture and friction from tight clothing or sports equipment such as a sports belt. Poorly chlorinated hot tubs and hot tubs also increase the risk of developing folliculitis, known as “whirlpool folliculitis.”

Intertrigo

Intertrigo is a rash that usually affects folds of the skin where the skin rubs or traps moisture, such as under the belly fold or groin.It is caused by bacteria or fungi and is more common in overweight or diabetic people. The rash may be reddish brown in color and have a foul odor.

Extra Mammary Paget Disease

Extra Mammary Paget Disease (EMPD) is a disease associated with an underlying cancer. It is characterized by a chronic skin rash around the genitals. It can affect men and women, but is most common in women between the ages of 50 and 60, according to the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD).

Symptoms may include:

• mild or severe itching around genitals or anal area
• chronic thick red scaly rash
• draining
• pain or bleeding after scratching

Home Remedies for Itchy Pubic Hair

If itchy pubic hair is caused by mild irritation, it should go away within a few days after home treatment. Below are some home remedies that may help.

Wear clean underwear

Moisture and bacteria can cause irritation and infection. Wear clean underwear every day, changing them after periods of excessive sweating. Avoid underwear that is too tight and use soft, natural materials to reduce friction and perspiration, which can damage hair follicles.

Don’t scratch

Scratching increases the risk of cuts, bleeding and infection. If your itchy pubic area is caused by a fungal infection, you run the risk of spreading the infection to other parts of your body by touching it.

Avoid irritants

Stay away from products containing perfume, dyes, or other chemicals that may irritate your pubic area or cause an allergic reaction. Removing certain foods from your daily routine can help you narrow down the cause of the itch.

Practice shaving properly

If you are shaving your pubic hair, follow these tips to avoid itching and irritation:

• Use sharp scissors to trim long hair before shaving.
• Always use a new shaver.
• Moisten skin with warm water to soften hair.
• Apply copious amounts of unscented shaving cream, gel or soap.
• Shave in the direction of hair growth.
• Rinse the shaver frequently while shaving to prevent clogging.
• Pat dry – do not rub.

Keep the area dry

Bacteria and fungi thrive in humid conditions. Dry your skin well after bathing and apply deodorant or powder to your folds if you are overweight or tend to sweat.Avoid wet clothing, such as swimwear or sweaty workout clothes.

Hydrocortisone Cream

Over-the-counter hydrocortisone creams can be used to treat minor irritation and itching. Apply as directed. Do not use if you have open sores, bleeding, or signs of infection.

OTC lice treatments

OTC shampoos and lotions can be used to treat pubic lice.

Antihistamines

Taking antihistamines can help relieve itching, especially if it is caused by an allergic reaction.

Treating pubic itching

Your doctor may recommend treatment based on the cause of your itching.

Prescription lice treatments

Your doctor may prescribe lice treatments to treat pubic lice if over-the-counter lice treatments do not kill the lice. This may include topical treatments such as malathion (Ovid), or pills such as ivermectin (stromectol).Ivermectin is also used to treat scabies.

Antifungals

If your itchy pubic hair is caused by a fungal infection, such as itching, candidiasis, or diaper rash, you may be prescribed topical or oral antifungals to kill the fungus that is causing your symptoms.

Antibiotics

Severe cases of folliculitis and other skin infections may require antibiotic treatment.

When to see a doctor

See a doctor if pubic itching persists for more than a few days or if it is accompanied by symptoms of infection such as fever, aches and pains.If you suspect you have scabies or another medical condition that requires a prescription, make an appointment with your doctor right away.

If you don’t already have a dermatologist, you can find doctors in your area using the Healthline FindCare tool.

Settling

Itchy pubic hair can be caused by several reasons. A little patience and home remedies may be enough to relieve itching, as long as it is mild and not accompanied by other persistent or worrisome symptoms.

90,000 How to know if you really have folliculitis

Maybe they were staring at you from the mirror when you started your morning skincare, or maybe your hand brushed against them when you shower: fresh new pimples. While it is easy to dub any new blemish as a pimple, sometimes this is not entirely true.

Inflamed hair follicles can occur from a variety of daily activities and are difficult to distinguish from everyday acne.Fortunately, there are many ways to cure folliculitis and even a few tricks to avoid it altogether. Ahead, the doctors will tell us everything you need to know about folliculitis.

What is folliculitis

Simply put, folliculitis is an inflammation of the hair follicle. And since most of our body is covered with hair follicles, it can appear anywhere. “In addition to the palms, feet and lips, folliculitis can occur anywhere on your body where there is hair,” explains New York-based dermatologist Marie Hayag, a board-certified physician.”Most often it appears on the arms, legs, back, buttocks and groin area.”

Shaving with a dirty or old razor or being in a hot bath can make our hair follicles angry quite easily – folliculitis is very common. Sweat, bacteria, yeast, and even dry skin are all common factors. Unfortunately, even the simplest things, such as rubbing from sitting for too long or wearing tight clothing, can cause folliculitis. Dermatologists note that this is especially common in cyclists as a result of prolonged cycling.

Types of folliculitis

Confusion arises from the fact that folliculitis can be indistinguishable from a standard acne rash. There is more than one type of folliculitis. New York City dermatologist Nikhil Dhingra, M.D., likes to divide it into two categories: sterile and infectious.

• Sterile often results from improper use of shaving cream, such as shaving without cream or using a dull razor. Tight clothing, exercise equipment worn (and sweaty) for too long, and oil clogging hair follicles can lead to sterile folliculitis.
• Infectious, on the other hand, is of bacterial origin. “This is usually caused by staphylococcus bacteria, which are very common on our skin, or acne-causing bacteria that can also infect hair follicles,” explains Dhingra. It can sometimes be viral (this is rare, but can occur with viruses such as herpes) or fungal (it often spreads from areas such as the legs).

How folliculitis differs from acne

Sometimes it is truly impossible to detect, especially for the untrained eye, and you need to consult a board-certified dermatologist to make sure you know what you are dealing with (and can treat it appropriately).But, if you’re trying to figure it out for yourself, Ellen Marmour, MD, a board-certified dermatologist in New York, suggests looking for damage to the hair follicle (which manifests itself as redness, irritation, and inflammation). Some other signs of folliculitis include spots with red rings around them, small red bumps, or white dots. Oddly enough, pus, painful red bumps and cyst-like areas can be a sign of both folliculitis and common acne. If you see a board-certified dermatologist, they can do a bacterial swab that could potentially identify the type of bacteria that is causing the rash, explains New York-based dermatologist Marisa Garshik.“They send him to the laboratory, and the doctor can determine which specific type of bacterial organism may be contributing to the development of folliculitis, and can often determine the treatment depending on which drugs are most beneficial for the specific bacteria,” she says.

Another way to prevent folliculitis: Marmur recommends applying deodorant to atypical areas, such as the chest, before training.

Treatment options

Although folliculitis often goes away on its own, if it becomes painful, you should see a board-certified dermatologist.Here are some common treatments:

• Oral and / or topical antibiotics: According to Marmur, dermatologists are likely to prescribe oral or topical antibiotics or antifungal drugs. “In some cases, the doctor may also prescribe antihistamines for itching.”
• Antibacterial cleanser: benzoyl peroxide cleanser can help, Dhingra notes. He sometimes recommends Hibiclens, an antibacterial cleanser, which he notes should be used sparingly on less sensitive areas and not used on the face or genitals.
• Laser Hair Removal: Laser hair removal, although expensive, can offer a permanent solution to folliculitis. By squeezing hair follicles, the density of hair that grows in a certain area is sharply and permanently reduced, which, in turn, eliminates the possibility of their inflammation.
• Hands-off practice: It’s especially important to never pop these blemishes, such as acne, says Marmur, as this can lead to a serious staphylococcal infection.

How to prevent it

Fortunately, there are simple lifestyle changes that can help prevent folliculitis before it occurs:

• Exfoliate often, and if you know you are prone to folliculitis, be sure to exfoliate those areas.
• Wear moisture-wicking fabrics, shower and change into training clothing as soon as possible after exercising or sweating.
• Try standing at the table so you don’t sit too long.
• Use non-comedogenic products.

And if you are thinking about laser hair removal, contact the Kiev center for laser cosmetology “DellaRossa”. Certified dermatologists will help you deal with the problem in the best possible way.

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