Diabetes Insipidus | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What is diabetes insipidus?

Diabetes insipidus (DI), also called water diabetes, is a condition marked by increased thirst and urination. It is not to be confused with the more common type of diabetes, diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes). Four underlying conditions can lead to DI.

• Central DI is the most common type and is caused by destruction of part of the pituitary gland that produces vasopressin, which regulates water balance and urine output from the kidneys. In infants and children, this is often an inherited condition. Other causes include tumors, infections and head injury.

• Nephrogenic DI occurs when the pituitary produces enough vasopressin but the kidneys fail to recognize it because of an inherited or acquired kidney disease.

Maintaining proper water balance by drinking enough fluids is critical for children with DI, as they tend to lose a lot of water with frequent urination, which can lead to life-threatening dehydration. However, drinking too much water is also dangerous, as it may lead to a rare condition called water intoxication.

Symptoms

• Increased thirst

• Frequent urination

• Increased urine volume

• Pale or colorless, watery urine

• Night-time urination (nocturia)

• Fatigue due to frequent nighttime urination and interrupted sleep

Diagnosis

Definitive diagnosis is most often made with:

• Water-deprivation test: The child must abstain from drinking fluids for a period of time, after which their urine is tested to determine the concentration of particles.

• Vasopressin test: The body’s reaction to vasopressin after the hormone is injected in the body

• Hypertonic saline infusion test: A mixture of water and salt is given intravenously and then the patient’s blood is tested for particle concentration and vasopressin levels.

When to Call for Help

If you see any of the above symptoms in your child or teen, call your pediatrician. Increased urination and odorless, pale urine should always be red flags as they may signal water imbalance.

Children with DI are also at an increased risk for dehydration if they don’t replenish the loss of water, so they need to be observed for signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, sluggishness, muscle weakness, dizziness, few or no tears when crying, rapid heart beat, fever, lack of sweating and extreme thirst.

Treatment

Medications that deliver synthetic vasopressin are the therapy for central DI. For nephrogenic DI, water pills (diuretics) are used.

Nocturnal Urination and Sleep Apnea

While you are sleeping, your body tends to produce less urine, although it is more concentrated. This means that most people don’t need to wake up during the night to urinate, and most people without nocturia can sleep for 6 to 8 hours without having to urinate. Some researchers believe that one event per night is within normal limits; two or more events per night may be associated with daytime tiredness.

What is Nocturia?

If you need to wake up several times in the night to urinate, you may be suffering from excessive urination at night called nocturia, or nocturnal polyuria.  Since nocturia affects your sleep cycle, it can be a sign of an underlying medical condition. It is important to note that nocturia differs from enuresis, or bedwetting, in which the person does not arouse from sleep, but the bladder empties anyway.

Nocturia is also a common cause of sleep loss, especially among older adults. Research has shown that excessive snoring is a sign that a person has obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but sleep experts caution it’s not the only indicator of OSA. In fact, enuresis can also be a symptom of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in children. The amount of times you visit the bathroom could also be a sign you have OSA. Sleep apnea is associated with other classic symptoms, including:

• Snoring
• Excessive daytime sleepiness
•  Insomnia (Frequent nighttime awakenings)
•  Witnessed pauses in breathing
• Gasping or choking in sleep
• Dry mouth at night
• Palpitations
• Heartburn
• Night sweats
• Teeth grinding (Bruxism)
• Morning headaches
• Concentration and memory problems
• Mood problems

If any of these other symptoms are present, it may be necessary to investigate sleep apnea as a potential cause of nocturia.

Nocturia becomes more common as we age. As we get older, our bodies produce less of an anti-diuretic hormone that enables us to retain fluid. With decreased concentrations of this hormone, we produce more urine at night. Another reason for nocturia among the elderly is that the bladder tends to lose holding capacity as we age.

A variety of medical conditions can cause nocturia. One of the most common causes of nocturia is a urinary tract infection (UTI) or bladder infection. These infections cause frequent burning sensations and urgent urination throughout the day and night, and treatment usually requires antibiotics.

Other medical conditions that can cause nocturia include:

• Infection or enlargement of the prostate
• Bladder prolapse
• Overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome
• Tumors of the bladder, prostate, or pelvic area
• Diabetes
• Anxiety
• Kidney infection
• Edema, or swelling, of the lower legs
• Neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s disease, or spinal cord compression

Nocturia can be a difficult and sometimes embarrassing condition to live with, but there are steps you can take to lessen its impact on your life.

What Is the Treatment for Nocturia?

If your nocturia is caused by a medication, taking the medication earlier in the day may help. Treatment for nocturia can sometimes include medication, such as anticholinergic drugs, which help lessen the symptoms of an overactive bladder, or desmopressin, which causes your kidneys to produce less urine. Nocturia can be a symptom of a more serious condition, such as diabetes or a UTI that could worsen or spread if left untreated. Nocturia due to an underlying condition will usually stop when the condition is successfully treated.

Reducing the amount of fluids you drink before going to bed can help prevent you from having to urinate at night. Avoiding drinks that contain alcohol and caffeine may also help, as can urinating before you go to bed. Some food items act as diuretics as well, such as chocolate, spicy foods, and artificial sweeteners. Kegel exercises can help strengthen your pelvic muscles and improve bladder control. Pay close attention to what exacerbates your symptoms so you can try to modify your habits accordingly. Some people find it helpful to keep a diary of what they drink and when.

There are many causes of nocturia, but Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is an important sleep disorder that can cause nocturia and other health consequences. To learn more about nocturia and how to treat is, call Gingras Sleep Medicine at (704) 944-0562 to request an appointment.

Symptoms of Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are mainly characterized by an unnecessary worry, distress and tension.

This may lead to disturbances in concentration, sleep and regular social and work related functioning.

Symptoms vary from person to person and generally develop slowly. The symptoms may be physical or psychological. (1, 2, 3, 4)

Primary symptoms

The primary symptom is usually related to physical health.

This is common in patients with panic attacks. These patients suffer from sudden bouts of anxiety with chest pain, dizziness, hot flushes or chills, choking, palpitation, nausea, abdominal pain, sense of “impending doom”, shortness of breath, trembling, sweating etc.

Patients with simple phobias may also present to the emergency department with these features.

Psychological symptoms

Psychological symptoms include difficulty in concentrating, tiredness and fatigue, irritability, trouble getting to and staying asleep, dizziness and vertigo and general restlessness and jumpiness.

There is a sensation of dread or “impending doom” and a feeling of being constantly on the “edge”.

Physical symptoms

Physical symptoms of anxiety disorders include palpitations, headaches, stomach upsets like nausea, diarrhoea, chest tightness, breathlessness, sweating, trembling, muscle weakness etc.

There may be drowsiness, pins and needles sensation, dry mouth, excessive thirst, frequent urinating, painful and missed periods.

Worrying or tension

Constant worry or tension that lasts for at least 6 months.

Social anxiety disorders are characterised by fear and anxiety in social surroundings and avoidance of interactions with people.

The worries may flit from one cause to another like family, relationships, work problems, finances, health or other problems. Most of the times they may be trivial.

Symptoms of OCD

OCD or obsessive compulsive disorders manifest as repeated actions to reduce the anxiety that stems from an obsession, which may be a recurrent or intrusive idea, worry or thought.

For example repeated cleaning or washing due to concerns about contamination.

Symptoms of PTSD

Those with Post-traumatic stress disorders may suffer from sudden panic attacks or constant generalized anxiety.

Further Reading

4 warning signs you may have diabetes

Being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes may change some aspects of your life and how you eat, but it is a condition you can manage. However, not knowing you have type 2 diabetes – and, thus, not managing it – can lead to serious health issues.

“One of the most telltale signs that you have diabetes is a higher-than-normal level of glucose – a type of sugar – in your blood,” said Mary Johnson, director of Diabetes Quality and Education at Geisinger. “Before you get to that point, there are warning signs that can prompt you to get the test to confirm.”

These are warning signs you may have diabetes.

You feel more hungry and tired than usual

When you eat, your body converts the food into glucose, which cells use for energy. But, in order for your cells to bring glucose in for energy, they need insulin.

“If your body isn’t making enough insulin – or any at all – or your cells resist your insulin, glucose can’t get into the cells,” Johnson said. “The means you won’t have energy and you can feel more tired and more hungry than usual.”

You may urinate more often and feel thirsty

People with diabetes tend to urinate a lot more than the average person – who normally urinates four to seven times in 24 hours.

For someone who doesn’t have diabetes, the body reabsorbs glucose as it passes through the kidneys. But that’s not the case for people with diabetes.

“When diabetes raises your blood sugar, your body may not be able to bring all of the glucose back in when it passes through your kidneys. Instead, your body will try to get rid of the excess by making more urine,” Johnson explained.

Naturally, if your body is making more urine, you’re going to have to urinate more often. But, because it takes fluids to produce urine and you’re peeing so much more often, you’ll get very thirsty. And the more you drink, the more you’ll have to pee.

You may have a dry mouth and itchy skin

Since your body is using fluids to produce more urine than usual, there’s less moisture for other things – like your mouth and skin.

“You’re at risk of getting dehydrated and your mouth will most likely feel dry,” Johnson said.

You may experience blurred vision

The vicious cycle of producing excess urine and being thirsty also has an effect on your vision.

“When your body’s fluid levels are changing, they could make the lenses in your eyes swell up, potentially causing them to change shape and lose the ability to focus,” Johnson said.

If you’re experiencing all of these symptoms and you’re older than 45 and have other risk factors for diabetes, it’s important to get tested for the condition.

“Identifying you have diabetes early is key to avoiding nerve damage, heart issues and other complications that untreated diabetes can lead to,” Johnson said.

Call your doctor if you:

• Are urinating a lot
• Have a bad stomach ache
• Feel sick to your stomach, weak and very thirsty
• Have sweet breath that smells like nail polish remover
• Are breathing more deeply and faster than normal

Dry Mouth at Night: 5 Reasons You May Be Waking up Thirsty

We all get thirsty at various points throughout the day. And there are plenty of situations where being thirsty is perfectly reasonable — after working out, while outside on a hot day or after eating a spicy or salty meal.

Feeling thirsty in the middle of the night or waking up with dry mouth, however, seems…well, less reasonable. Sure, it’s been several hours since your last sip of water, but that’s no different from any other night.

What does having dry mouth at night or in the morning mean?

Did you know that the average healthy adult makes at least half a liter of saliva every single day?

Yes, it’s time to talk about saliva — that mucus-y mouth fluid that mostly grosses us out, despite the several important roles it plays in our everyday lives.

Your body uses saliva to:

• Rid the mouth of germs
• Prevent tooth decay
• Regulate the pH in the mouth
• Help with digestion
• Soften foods, making them easier to chew and swallow
• Limit the buildup of food debris
• Lubricate the mouth to aid in speaking

When your salivary glands don’t make enough saliva, it’s called xerostomia, or dry mouth — and you definitely feel it.

Dry mouth is particularly noticeable if it’s interrupting your sleep. But, aside from waking you up at night, dry mouth can also lead to:

• Bad breath
• Sores in the mouth
• Mouth infections
• Tooth decay, cavities and gum disease

Good oral hygiene is important for everyone, but it’s particularly important if you’re prone to experiencing dry mouth since it can negatively impact your teeth and gums.

If you’re experiencing dry mouth at night, it’s important to identify what’s causing it.

Five common causes of dry mouth at night

1. Not drinking enough water throughout the day

Aside from some electrolytes, enzymes and antimicrobial molecules, saliva is primarily made up of water. So, if you’re not drinking enough water, your body may not have what it needs to produce adequate amounts of saliva — resulting in dry mouth.

And, take note, chugging a bunch of water before bed isn’t the solution to avoid waking up thirsty. In fact, excessive consumption of water in the evening can not only wash away some of the saliva that’s currently present — potentially increasing your chances of developing dry mouth overnight — it will also likely mean waking up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom.

Maintaining proper hydration throughout the day can help ensure your body is able to produce the amount of saliva needed to limit dry mouth.

2. Medications you’re taking

There are hundreds of medications associated with dry mouth, including common ones that you can find over-the-counter.

The most common causes of medication-induced dry mouth are:

• Certain drugs used to treat urinary incontinence
• Antidepressants and anxiety medications
• Blood pressure medications
• Antihistamines
• Decongestants

In addition, cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation, can also cause dry mouth. Chemotherapy-induced dry mouth is often temporary. Radiation-induced dry mouth, on the other hand, can be temporary or permanent, depending on the site and dosage of the therapy.

Talk to your doctor if you’re experiencing dry mouth and think it may be caused by one or more of the medications you’re taking. He or she may be able to recommend an alternative.

3. Breathing through your mouth

While you’re sleeping, your meant to do most of your breathing through your nose, not your mouth. If you’re mostly breathing through your mouth while you sleep, it can dry it out.

Situations that may cause you to breathe out of your mouth, rather than your nose, include:

• Your particular sleep habits
• Nasal congestion caused by allergies or a cold
• Snoring
• Sleep apnea

Experiencing dry mouth at night doesn’t automatically mean you have sleep apnea, but it can be a sign of this condition — which is more common and serious than you may think. This is why it’s important to talk to your doctor if you’re experiencing dry mouth at night more often than not.

4. What you eat and/or drink before bedtime

Before bed, it’s best to avoid the foods and drinks that typically increase thirst and/or contribute to dry mouth.

For instance, eating a particularly salty or spicy snack or meal just before bed can cause thirst that’s temporary, but intense — potentially intense enough to wake you up.

Additionally, alcohol and caffeine can dehydrate your mouth, so it’s best to limit both before going to bed to avoid dry mouth.

Lastly, aside from being detrimental to your overall health, smoking tobacco can reduce your salivary flow, contributing to dry mouth at night. (Related: Tips for Quitting Smoke for Good)

5. An underlying health condition

More often than not, waking up thirsty isn’t so much a medical concern as it is an inconvenience. However, dry mouth can lead to poor dental health if you’re not maintaining good oral hygiene. And, in some cases, dry mouth can even be a sign of an underlying health condition.

Health conditions associated with dry mouth include:

• Diabetes
• Yeast infection (thrush)
• Stroke
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Sjogren’s syndrome
• Nerve damage

Talk to your doctor if you’re frequently experiencing dry mouth at night. He or she can ask you questions and run the tests needed to rule out a serious underlying health issue that may need attention.

Type 1 and Type 2

You or someone you know may experience frequent urination or extreme thirst. Unexplained weight loss may be a problem, or perhaps a there’s fruity smell to the breath. Those are common symptoms of a chronic disease called diabetes.

Diabetes occurs when the pancreas stops functioning properly. The pancreas is a gland – about six inches long and perched behind the stomach – that produces the hormone insulin. Insulin regulates the levels of glucose in the body. When the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or doesn’t use the insulin it does produce well, glucose stays in the blood and doesn’t move into the cells where it is needed for energy.

The Dynamic Duo: How Insulin and Glucose Work

Together insulin and glucose allow you to engage in your daily routine task like working and going to school – and more rigorous activity like running, lifting weights or doing yoga.

It is a delicate balance between insulin being secreted from the pancreas and its ability to allow sugar to pass into your cells to provide energy. This is what the cycle looks like: the pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream. The insulin allows glucose (sugar) to enter your cells for use as energy. It also regulates the amount of glucose in your blood – so as glucose levels in your blood fall, the amount of insulin secreted from the pancreas also drops.

Different Types of Diabetes

There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

In Type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. It is a chronic condition caused by different factors including genetics. Some viruses may also trigger the condition. It typically appears in childhood or adolescence but can also develop during adulthood.

Symptoms of Type 1 diabetes Include:

• increased thirst
• Frequent urination
• Bed-wetting in children who previously didn’t wet the bed during the night
• Extreme hunger
• Unintended weight loss
• Irritability and other mood changes
• Fatigue and weakness
• Blurred vision

When any of these symptoms occur, visit your health provider to determine whether your glucose levels are too high. A medical professional will order a series of diagnostic tests to determine whether your symptoms are diabetes related. Those tests could include a random blood sugar test, performed at a random time, or a fasting blood sugar test, taken after an overnight fast.   Another test I the hemoglobin (A1C) test which measures how much sugar is attached to the oxygen-carrying protein, hemoglobin, found in your red blood cells.

People who have Type 1 diabetes are insulin dependent and will need insulin therapy throughout their lives. Type 2 diabetes is the more common of the two conditions. In Type 2 diabetes, the body doesn’t use insulin well. It is typically found in middle-age and older adults and known as adult-onset diabetes.

The symptoms for Type 2 diabetes are similar to those for Type 1:

• Increased thirst
• Increased hunger
• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Blurry vision
• Frequent urination
• Slow-healing wounds

Treatment for Type 2 diabetes would include healthy eating, exercise, and regular blood sugar monitoring. Your doctor may also decide whether you need medication or insulin therapy.

Risk Factors for Diabetes

While experts don’t fully understand what triggers diabetes, there are certain risk factors of which to be aware. The major risk factor for Type 1 diabetes includes genetics. If a parent or sibling has a history of Type 1 diabetes, then your risk is greater of developing the condition.

For Type 2 diabetes, researchers aren’t certain what triggers this condition either, but there are risk factors that make getting Type 2 diabetes more likely. Those factors include obesity, lack of exercise, family history, age (risk increases as you age), high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. While Type 1 diabetes can’t be prevented, there are lifestyle changes that can reduce your risk for Type 2 such as eating a healthy diet, exercising and controlling your weight.

Unchecked, diabetes can lead to numerous complications including heart disease, kidney damage, eye damage, and hearing impairment.

How to Get Checked for Diabetes

The first step in determining whether you have diabetes is to visit your health provider, especially if you are experiencing any of the symptoms. Several blood tests can be performed that can help the doctor determine if you have diabetes and which type you have.

• Fasting blood glucose test – checks your glucose level after a short fast
• Glucose Tolerance Test – used to screen for pre-diabetes or Type 2 diabetes
• Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) – gives a snapshot of your average blood sugar levels for the past three months

Regardless of which type of diabetes, it is important to get on a treatment plan and stick with it.

HAVE QUESTIONS?

Call Righttime Medical Care at 1-888-808-6483 for an appointment at any of our convenient locations. Righttime is open 365 days a year and welcomes walk-in patients anytime, while also offering same-day appointments online or via its Call Center. Convenient services include x-rays, laboratory testing, patient portal, and electronic health records which are shared with patients’ physicians, specialists and collaborating medical institutions. For more information, visit myRighttime.com.

References:

Mayo Clinic
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/home/index.html

American Diabetes Association
http://www.diabetes.org/

What are Symptoms of Dehydration?

Dehydration wake forest occurs when the body does not have an adequate amount of water compared to what it needs. The body is unable to properly function without sufficient water. People can experience mild, moderate, or severe dehydration based the fluid deficiency.

It is normal to lose water from your body through routine daily activities such as sweating, breathing, peeing, and pooping, tears and saliva. Under normal circumstances, you replace liquid when you drink fluids and consume water containing foods. You can get dehydrated when you lose too much water and do not replace it by drinking and eating.

The following can cause to lose more water than normal:

• Diarrhea: the most common cause of dehydration and death related to dehydration is diarrhea. The large intestine absorbs water from food you consume. Diarrhea prevents absorption of water from taking place. The body excretes too much water which results in dehydration.
• Vomiting: this leads to a loss of fluids and makes it difficult to replace enough water by drinking it.
• Fever and sweating: the body releases a significant amount of water through sweat. When the weather is hot and humid in addition to vigorous physical activity can compound the loss of fluid from sweat. In addition, a fever can cause an increase in the amount of sweat and may cause dehydration. This is especially dangerous when a fever is combined with diarrhea and vomiting.
• Diabetes: high blood sugar levels can cause more frequent urination and the loss of fluid.
• Frequent urination: this is commonly caused by uncontrolled diabetes. It also can be related to alcohol consumption and medications including diuretics, antihistamines, blood pressure medications, and antipsychotics.
• Burns: blood vessels can become damaged after a burn and cause fluid to leak into the surrounding tissues.

You may not be too busy and forget to drink enough to replace the lost water. You may also not realize that you are thirsty or perhaps you do not feel like drinking because of an illness or due to discomfort.

Mild or moderate dehydration signs and symptoms include:

• Thirst
• Sticky or dry mouth
• Infrequent urination
• Darker yellow pee
• Cool, dry skin
• Headaches
• Muscle cramps

Severe dehydration is defined by the loss of 10-15% of the water in the body. Signs and symptoms of severe dehydration include the following:

• Not urinating at all or having extremely dark yellow pee
• Dry skin
• Dizziness
• Rapid heartbeat or breathing
• Sunken eyes
• Feeling lethargic
• Tiredness, confusion or irritable
• Fainting

Babies and young children can also get dehydrated as they have a difficult time communicating. Signs and symptoms for babies and young children include:

• Dry mouth and tongue
• No tears when they cry
• Diapers are dry for 3 or more hours
• Sunken eyes, cheeks or a soft spot on the top of the skull
• Sleepiness, lack of energy, or irritability

Severe dehydration is considered a medical emergency and should be treated right away.

While anyone can get dehydrated, the following groups are at a higher risk:

• Babies and young children often suffer from severe diarrhea and vomiting. They also lose high volumes of water from having a high fever. Young people can’t always communicate that they are thirsty or get a drink on their own.
• Sometimes older adults do not realize that they are thirsty. They may not be able to get a drink easily on their own or may have a medical condition/medication which makes it difficult for them to take in enough fluids.
• People may not want to eat or drink when they are sick with a cold, sore throat or have mouth sores.
• People who have chronic disease like type 2 diabetes can experience frequent urination if the disease is not controlled. Medication such as water pills can also lead to more frequent urination.
• People who are active outside during hot and humid weather may not be able to properly cool down because the sweat does not evaporate. This can result in an increased body temperature and the need to consume more water.

More on Dehydration : How Do You Re-hydrate Quickly?

Endocrinology – mediana-perm.ru

Endocrinology

If you are worried:

• Lack or excess weight, a sharp decrease or increase in weight for no apparent reason
• “Fragile” physique in combination with early menopause (up to 45 years old), pain in the thoracic spine, hip joints. More than 1 fracture in the last 5 years, or fractures that have arisen “accidentally”, i.e. without severe traumatic situation
• Unpleasant sensations in the eyes – dry eyes, lacrimation, “bulging”, visible enlargement on the front of the neck
• Dry mouth, thirst, increased fluid intake, frequent urination, especially at night
• Rapid heartbeat, heart rhythm disturbances, trembling of fingers, internal tremors, excessive emotional lability, tearfulness, constipation, swelling of the face
• General weakness, fatigue, drowsiness, memory impairments, frequent headaches, changes in the nature of pre-existing headaches
• Excessive hair growth, hair loss. Persistent acne
• Newly identified rises in blood pressure, especially before the age of 35. Very high blood pressure uncontrollable with antihypertensive drugs, frequent hypertensive crises

Then be sure to consult an endocrinologist.

Diabetes laboratory tests:

1. Blood glucose for diagnosis and control of the condition – strictly on an empty stomach.
2. Blood for insulin, C-peptide – strictly on an empty stomach.
3. Blood for glycohemoglobin AIc – does not depend on meal time.
4. Blood for glucose after a carbohydrate breakfast – take a standard breakfast (a roll and a glass of orange juice) and donate blood for glucose exactly 2 hours later.
5. “SUGAR LOAD” (performed only in patients with normal baseline blood glucose levels, in order to avoid complications):

• Buy 75 mg of pure glucose at the pharmacy in advance and take

with you to the study

• Donate blood in the morning for fasting glucose (initial level)
• Drink glucose, dissolving it in one glass of water, note the time, and exactly 2 hours later donate blood for glucose again (load level)

6. Urine for glucose and acetone – the morning urine sample is examined for a general analysis.

7. Urine analysis for microalbumin – urine is collected and delivered as for a general analysis, that is, the morning urine portion is examined, collected in a plastic container previously obtained in the laboratory.

90,000 Experts told about the first signs of diabetes – Rossiyskaya Gazeta

Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which a sharp jump in blood sugar occurs in the patient’s blood. There are four types of this disease: prediabetes, gestational diabetes, and type 1 and type 2 diabetes.In the United States alone, this disease affects about 29 million people, many of whom are not even aware of the presence of this disease. For some people, diabetes goes undiagnosed for several years. Doctors warn that there are several early signs of diabetes that require urgent blood sugar tests. After all, early diagnosis is the best factor in the treatment of any disease, the publication My Health Reads notes.

The first symptom to look out for when you suspect diabetes is loss of visual acuity.If you experience conditions in which you lose visual acuity or see everything around in a blurry picture, then you should definitely see a doctor. Do not postpone this visit, even if you feel better later. You may miss an important point of treatment, and over time, not only will you become diabetic, but you may also completely lose your vision.

Another dangerous symptom of diabetes is discoloration of the skin or skin folds. This phenomenon is called acanthosis nigricans. With it, some areas of human skin and folds of the skin darken.This is due to the fact that insulin resistance develops in the skin of a person with high blood sugar levels. This is what leads to darkening of skin areas. This symptom should not be ignored. A recurring dry mouth can also be a sign of diabetes. This condition should never be ignored. Constant dry mouth not only causes inconvenience to a person, but can also accelerate the development of diabetes by increasing blood glucose levels. And people who don’t drink enough fluids and often experience dry mouth are at risk of diabetes.The heightened feeling of hunger in diabetes occurs as a result of glycemia – a condition when the sugar level in the body of a diabetic patient is kept at a high level for a long time. Because of this, glucose does not enter the cells of the body, and they, in turn, do not receive the energy they need, and send a hunger signal to the human brain. And despite the fact that a person could eat only recently, he again experiences an acute feeling of hunger.

A syndrome known as polyuria is a condition in which a person has frequent urge to urinate.They do not depend on the amount of fluid consumed. And the reason for this is hyperglycemia. The kidneys of a person, in an effort to process excess sugar in the blood, begin to work non-stop. This, in turn, entails the urge to urinate. To many, this symptom may seem insignificant or delicate. But if you notice it, then be sure to consult your doctor. Frequent urination also leads to significant loss of fluid in the human body. A person experiences a feeling of thirst, drinks water, which again leaves the body, as there are active processes of hyperglycemia and polyuria in it.This vicious circle, if ignored and left untreated, will cause a lot of inconvenience to the patient and contribute to the rapid development of diabetes.

When the level of sugar in the human body is high, it does not receive energy from the food that it uses. To solve this problem, the human body begins to burn fat. The breakdown of fat occurs in the human liver. As a result of splitting, fat breaks down into several different substances, one of which is ketones (acetone). In small amounts, ketones are not harmful to humans.But when fat is broken down actively, the body produces a lot of ketones, and they cause a feeling of nausea. Diabetic skin is also deficient in blood supply. As a result, the diabetic patient develops an itching sensation in the skin of the hands and feet. It is the skin of the limbs of the human body that is the first to experience circulatory problems. Most often, symptoms on the soles of the feet are noticeable first. Their skin loses color and becomes dry.

Many diabetics experience diabetic neuropathy, a condition in which the nerve cells responsible for the motor functions of the limbs of the human body are temporarily damaged.Most often, diabetic neuropathy begins with numbness in the patient’s feet and legs. An increased amount of glucose in the body of a diabetic also leads to disruption of blood circulation in the skin cells. Deprived of the necessary amount of blood, areas of the skin, especially those with cuts and wounds, experience an acute shortage of blood, which they need so much to heal wounds. As a result, wounds heal for a long time, and the skin around them peels off. Many diabetics may experience blisters.They appear even at such early stages as prediabetes. They look like ordinary burn blisters, usually small in size and densely filled with clear liquid. Most often they appear on the hands, feet and forearms of the patient, but there are exceptions.

If you feel tired after the slightest physical exertion, this is a serious reason to see a doctor, as it can be one of the early symptoms of diabetes. The body of a diabetic suffers from a constant energy deficit, and the slightest physical activity wastes the already small reserves of energy that are available in the body.As a result, the body with a high sugar content gets even more of it, which provokes the active development of the disease. Many diabetics also report a strange, sweet smell from the mouth as one of their first complaints. Others describe it as the smell of acetone. In the body of a patient with diabetes, it is produced in the liver as a result of the breakdown of fat cells. The long-term breakdown of fat cells into ketones is called ketoacidosis. Halitosis is a clear symptom of the disease and requires medical attention.

It has been proven that people with diabetes are more likely to suffer from fungal infections. Due to the weakening of the diabetic’s body, these infections quickly affect his body, and it takes more time and effort to completely cure him. Therefore, frequent fungal infections should alert both men and women. Taking a sugar test is not at all difficult, and timely diagnosis of diabetes in the early stages guarantees high chances of a complete cure.

Finally, type 2 diabetics often suffer from sudden and dramatic weight loss.This is because the high blood sugar level of a person with diabetes interferes with the delivery of energy to the cells of the person through the blood. The human body is experiencing an acute shortage of energy and tries to compensate for its lack by burning fat reserves in the body. The prolonged process of burning fat dramatically affects the total body weight of a person.

Dry mouth: what to do, how to treat

In an adult, on average, about one and a half liters of saliva are produced per day.It would seem, why so much?

In fact, saliva has plenty of functions.

First, it prevents the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat from drying out. Secondly, it protects teeth from caries: it washes away food debris and dental plaque; slows down the growth of pathogenic bacteria that destroy enamel and cause inflammation of soft tissues; neutralizes acids that form in the mouth or get into it. Third, saliva liquefies food, making it easier to swallow and contributing to a better sense of taste.And fourthly, saliva contains the digestive enzyme amylase, which begins to digest carbohydrates already in the mouth.

The mucous membrane is dried out by breathing through the mouth and snoring – this is most felt when waking up by people with impaired nasal breathing (for example, with a runny nose) and a decrease in the tone of the soft palate.

There are many reasons for dry mouth, let’s look at some of them:

1. Smoking.

Smoking and chewing tobacco cause dry mouth, both through direct contact of the mouth with smoke and through reduced saliva production by nicotine.

2. Excessive salt intake.

Addiction to salty food also does not contribute to the production of saliva, and the inevitable consumption of large amounts of liquid with salt will sooner or later lead to hypertension. Eating more than 5-7 grams of salt per day is not recommended even for absolutely healthy people.

3. Dehydration.

Dry mouth after exercise or being in a hot and dry climate only means that the body has lost a lot of moisture and needs to be replenished.

4. Disease.

If dry mouth bothers you for a long time, it makes sense to see a doctor – perhaps this is a symptom (sometimes the only one!) Of a disease. Dry mouth is most often a symptom of diabetes.

Also, a decrease in saliva production is observed when the salivary glands are damaged – inflammation, swelling, etc. Also, dry mouth can be a symptom of an autoimmune disease – Sjogren’s syndrome.

5. Taking medications.

Hundreds of drugs can dry the oral mucosa, which are used to treat gastrointestinal tract disorders, cardiovascular diseases, depression and other mental disorders, allergies, infections, malignant neoplasms and other conditions.

If dry mouth persists for a long time or appears while taking medication, you should consult your doctor.

Diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition characterized by a chronically elevated blood sugar level, which develops as a result of hereditary and external factors, threatening the development of serious complications from the eyes, kidneys, blood vessels, and the nervous system.

There are two types of diabetes:

• type 1 diabetes,

• type 2 diabetes.

Type I diabetes usually develops in young people who do not produce insulin in the body due to damage or loss of beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body cannot use glucose and it accumulates in the blood. One of the first symptoms of the disease is dry mouth, thirst, frequent urination, as the body tries to “flush out” the increasing amount of glucose.Over time, the kidneys no longer cope with such a load, and abdominal pain, vomiting, and dehydration occur.

Type II diabetes usually develops in people over 40 and overweight. They may have normal, low, or even high insulin levels and still have high blood glucose and diabetes. Obesity can contribute to insulin resistance, i.e. the cells of the body cannot use insulin properly. In this case, glucose cannot completely penetrate the cells and accumulates in the blood.

You can get answers to your questions or make an appointment by calling the multichannel phone: (495) 956-91-03

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Endocrinology

Many people face diseases of the endocrine system.
Therefore, it is very important to turn to a competent specialist in time, who can establish the correct diagnosis and develop a treatment regimen.
At the Polyclinic, Constanta accepts just such a doctor. He diagnoses and treats various pathologies of the endocrine system.

When to contact an endocrinologist.

It is necessary to make an appointment with an endocrinologist if you have the following symptoms:

• sharp jumps in weight with an unchanged daily routine;
• frequent urination;
• dry mouth and constant thirst;
• nervousness, irritability, depression;
• drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia;
• increased heart rate without excessive exertion;
• swelling, sweating;
• muscle pain and neck pain;
• high blood pressure, migraines;
• frequent colds due to reduced immunity;
• disruptions of the menstrual cycle;
• infertility and decreased sexual desire.

Diseases treated by an endocrinologist:

• adrenal glands: primary hyperaldosteronism, adrenal insufficiency, adrenal tumors, etc.;
• thyroid gland: toxic goiter, endemic and nodular goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, etc.;
• pancreas: metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus.
• hypothalamus: diabetes insipidus, Itsenko-Cushing’s disease, hyperprolactinemia;
• reproductive system: disorders of the menstrual cycle.

Diagnostics and treatment:

Correct diagnosis is the key to successful treatment. Therefore, special attention is paid to diagnostics. To identify the main signs of pathology, an endocrinologist:

• will collect information about past and chronic diseases, allergic reactions, complaints about changes in the state of health;
• will examine the patient, which additionally involves measuring pressure, determining weight, height;
• will appoint the patient to take the necessary tests;
• will send, if necessary, for additional instrumental examination

In most cases, diseases of the endocrine system are treated with medication. In addition, the doctor prescribes a diet and the necessary health measures, which allows the body to gradually recover. At the same time, compliance with the recommendations should be observed after the elimination of the symptoms of the disease, which will prevent relapse.

Benefits of our clinic:

• The appointment is conducted by a professional specialist. Continuous professional development makes it possible to apply modern methods of treatment in solving various problems of the endocrine system.
• Diagnostics is carried out using modern equipment. All studies are analyzed in a specialized laboratory.
• An endocrinologist provides comprehensive assistance with consultations of a gynecologist, urologist, etc.
• Treatment is confidential. We do not disclose information about our patients.

Prices

Service name		Price, rub
Dispensary appointment of an endocrinologist		350
Preventive appointment with an endocrinologist		170
Repeated consultation with an endocrinologist, Ph. m.s / highest qualification category		1 150
Primary consultation of an endocrinologist, PhD / highest qualification category		1 450
Primary endocrinologist consultation		1 150
Repeated endocrinologist consultation		950

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90,000 Early signs of type 2 diabetes

For many years a person can live with diabetes and not know that he is sick.After all, a gradual increase in blood glucose levels in itself does not cause pain. It happens that the manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus bother the patient only at the onset of the disease, and then the body seems to get used to it, and these sensations disappear.

Undoubtedly, the earlier diabetes is detected, the more likely it is to avoid serious complications such as early myocardial infarction or cerebral stroke, blindness, renal failure, amputation of the extremities.

Let’s discuss what to look out for.

Frequent urination. Have you urinated more and more often? When there is too much sugar in the blood, the kidneys remove it from the body as an unnecessary substance. But this requires an additional amount of water, leading to an increase in the volume of urine, which fills the bladder.

Thirst. Have you started drinking more? Have a dry mouth? This condition is progressive and does not depend on what you ate, drank, or how much you sweated. Due to frequent urination, a more or less pronounced dehydration of the body develops and the center of thirst is activated in the brain.There is a feeling of dry mouth and desire to drink.

Feeling of hunger. You eat and move as usual, but you still feel hungry, desire to eat sweets? If insulin does not work properly in the body, then, despite the fact that there is an excess of glucose in the blood, the cells do not receive the energy they need. And they report this to the appetite regulating centers.

Increased fatigue, weakness. Your life schedule has not changed, but you do not find the strength for ordinary things? This is a manifestation of insufficient supply of energy substances to muscle cells.The reasons can be different, one of them is diabetes.

Poorly healing skin lesions. Do you think that it takes longer to heal a banal scratch or wound than before? In diabetes, the smallest vessels are damaged, which should ensure the restoration of the skin and mucous membranes. In addition, with diabetes, bacteria multiply faster, causing inflammation in the wound.

Propensity to infectious diseases. Do you catch colds more often? Do you take longer to recover from infectious diseases? Have you become more likely to consult a specialist for a fungal infection on the skin or mucous membranes? With diabetes, the natural mechanisms of fighting infection are damaged, and some pathogens (for example, fungi of the Candida genus) feel better precisely in conditions of increased glucose concentration.

Itching of the skin and mucous membranes. Have you started to feel itchy skin? Discomfort on the mucous membranes? This can be both a manifestation of an infectious skin lesion and a sign of damage to small vessels.

Sexual disorders in men. Does a man over 50 have episodes of erectile dysfunction (inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient to satisfy sexual activity)? Unfortunately, this can also be a sign of diabetes.

Numbness or tingling in the legs and arms. Do you have discomfort in the tips of your toes and hands? Do they get worse at rest? Has the sensitivity decreased? Excess blood sugar damages the nerve endings and the blood vessels that feed them. From this there is a feeling of numbness, tingling. More often than not, these sensations are symmetrical and begin with the legs.

Decreased vision. Has your vision become less acute? In diabetes, this can be due to both dehydration and poor functioning of the eye muscles against the background of a lack of energy.Or it can be a manifestation of diabetic retinopathy, in which the vessels of the fundus are damaged.

What to do?

Increased blood sugar is at the root of all these problems. If you answered “YES” to at least some of the questions, you need to meet with a doctor, donate blood for sugar, and preferably for glycated hemoglobin.

Glycated hemoglobin is an indicator that reflects the level of blood sugar over a long period (up to three months). In 2011, the World Health Organization approved its use for the diagnosis of diabetes.

The decision on additional research is made by a specialist.

You are at risk if:

1. You are 45 years old and over.

2. You are overweight or obese.

3. Your relatives have been diagnosed with diabetes.

4. You are sedentary.

5. Your blood pressure is often higher than 140/90 mm Hg.Art.

6. Your blood lipid levels are outside the normal range (HDL <1.0 mmol / L; TG> 2.82 mmol / L).

7. For women. There has been an increase in blood sugar during pregnancy. Was diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Summing up, I would like to advise you to control your blood sugar at least once a year. This will help to identify the existing violations in time or to reassure you that everything is fine with you.

The editors of the Krasnoyarsk medical newspaper Vestnik Medinfo would like to thank the endocrinologist E. S. IVLIEVU
for help in preparing this material

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90,000 Causes of dry mouth, burning tongue, bitterness – these are the symptoms of what disease?

10/29/2014

Dry mouth – in medicine it is called xerostomia, this is a symptom of many diseases or temporary conditions of the body, in which the production of saliva decreases or stops altogether. This condition can be for many reasons. Dry mouth occurs with atrophy of the salivary glands, and with any infectious diseases of the respiratory system, and with diseases of the nervous system, with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, with autoimmune diseases, etc.

Sometimes the feeling of dry mouth is temporary, with an exacerbation of any chronic diseases or taking medications. But when dry mouth is a sign of a serious illness, first there is itching of the mucous membrane of the mouth, cracks, burning of the tongue, dry throat and without adequate treatment of the cause of this symptom, partial or complete atrophy of the mucous membrane may develop, which is very dangerous. Therefore, if a person is constantly dry in the mouth, you should definitely consult a doctor in order to establish a true diagnosis and start treatment on time.

Which doctor should i contact if i have dry mouth? The cause of this symptom will be determined primarily by the therapist, who will refer the patient either to the dentist, or to an infectious disease specialist, neurologist, gastroenterologist, otolaryngologist, etc., who will establish an accurate diagnosis. Usually, dry mouth is not an isolated symptom, it is always accompanied by other signs of any disorders, therefore, most often a person may be bothered by the following symptoms:
Thirst, frequent urination

Dry throat and nose.The throat may hurt and it is difficult to swallow from dryness.

A bright border of the lips appears, cracks in the corners of the mouth

From viscosity in the mouth speech becomes slurred

There is a burning sensation, dryness of the tongue, it becomes red, hard, the tongue itches

The taste of food and drinks changes

Stench, unpleasant odor appears from mouth

Voice may grow hoarse.

What if a person develops this symptom? Dry mouth – a symptom of what disease?

The main causes of dry mouth

-Dry mouth in the morning, after sleep, worries a person at night, and during the day this symptom is absent this is the most harmless, banal reason.Dry mouth at night is caused by mouth breathing or snoring while sleeping.

– Violation of nasal breathing, can be caused by curvature of the nasal septum, polyps in the nose, hay fever, allergic rhinitis, runny nose, sinusitis)

-As a side effect from the use of a lot of drugs. This is a very common side effect that can be caused by many drugs, especially if several drugs are taken at once and the manifestation becomes more pronounced.Dry mouth can be used in the treatment of the following medicines of different pharmacological groups: all types of antibiotics, antifungal drugs in tablets, sedatives, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, drugs prescribed for mental disorders, antihistamines for the treatment of bedwetting (allergy tablets), pain relievers, bronchodilators drugs for obesity for the treatment of acne (see acne remedies) drugs for diarrhea, vomiting and others.

-It is obvious that this symptom appears in various infectious diseases, due to high temperature, general intoxication.Also, with viral infections affecting the salivary glands, blood supply systems, and affecting the production of saliva, for example, with mumps (mumps).

– Systemic diseases and diseases of internal organs – diabetes mellitus (dry mouth and thirst), anemia, HIV infection, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, Sjogren’s syndrome (dry mouth, eyes, vagina), hypotension (dry mouth and dizziness), rheumatoid arthritis.

– Radiation and chemotherapy for cancer also reduce saliva production.- Operations and head injuries can compromise the integrity of the nerves and salivary glands.

-Dehydration. Any diseases that cause increased sweating, fever, chills, diarrhea, vomiting, blood loss can lead to dryness of the mucous membranes and dehydration, which is manifested by dry mouth, the causes of which are understandable and this is eliminated by itself after recovery.

– Injury to the salivary glands during dental procedures or other surgical interventions.

– May also have dry mouth after smoking.
-Consistent dry mouth increases the risk of various gum diseases such as gingivitis (symptoms). And also the appearance of candidiasis, fungal stomatitis, caries, chronic tonsillitis and other diseases of the oral cavity, since the disruption of the salivary glands reduces the protective functions of the mucous membrane, opening the way for various infections.

If, in addition to dry mouth, a person is worried about bitterness in the mouth, nausea, the tongue becomes white or yellow, dizziness, palpitations, dryness is also observed in the eyes, in the vagina, a constant feeling of thirst and frequent urination, etc.is a whole complex of various diseases, which can only be dealt with by a qualified doctor in an in-person consultation. We will look at some of the conditions that can combine dry mouth with some other symptoms.

Dry mouth during pregnancy

Xerostomia during pregnancy with a normal drinking regime should not occur, since, on the contrary, the production of saliva in pregnant women increases.

However, in cases of naturally hot summer air, excessive sweating can cause a similar symptom.Another thing is if a dry mouth in a pregnant woman is accompanied by a sour, metallic taste, this may indicate gestational diabetes and the woman should be tested for glucose in the blood, as well as a glucose tolerance test. During pregnancy, women have to urinate quite often, and if intermittent dry mouth occurs, the reason is that fluid is excreted from the body, the need for it increases, and there is no replenishment, so pregnant women should consume enough fluid.Therefore, pregnant women are not allowed to eat salty, sweet and spicy, everything that contributes to the violation of water-salt metabolism. Also, the cause of dry mouth during pregnancy can be a sharp deficiency of potassium, as well as an excess of magnesium.

Dryness around the mouth is a sign of cheilitis

Glandular cheilitis is a disease of the red border of the lips, a disease that begins with peeling and dryness of the lower lip, then the corners of the lips crack, seizures and erosion appear. A sign of cheilitis can be discerned by the person himself – between the border of the lips and the mucous membrane, the outputs of the salivary glands increase.Licking the lips only makes the situation worse and chronic inflammation can lead to malignant neoplasms. When treating this disease, they try to reduce the production of saliva

Why does dry mouth, bitterness, nausea, white, yellow tongue occur?

Bitterness in the mouth, dryness, yellow coating on the tongue, white tongue, heartburn, belching – these are symptoms that can occur in many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, but most often these are signs of the following diseases:

Dyskinesia of the bile ducts or in diseases of the gallbladder.But it is possible that such signs can also be in combination with duodenitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, as well as gastritis.

Dry mouth, bitterness – the reasons may be due to inflammatory processes of the gums, combined with a burning sensation of the tongue, gums, with a metallic taste in the mouth.

For amenorrhea, neuroses, psychosis and other neurotic disorders.

If bitterness and dryness are combined with pain in the right side, these are signs of cholecystitis or gallstones.

The use of various antibiotics and antihistamines leads to a combination of bitterness and dry mouth.

In diseases of the thyroid gland, the motor function of the biliary tract also changes, the release of adrenaline increases and the bile ducts spasm, so the tongue can be coated with a white or yellow coating, dry mouth, bitterness, burning of the tongue appear.

Dry mouth and nausea – occur with gastritis of the stomach, the symptoms of which include pain in the stomach, heartburn, feeling of fullness.The causative agent of gastritis is not rarely the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

Dry mouth, dizziness

Dizziness, dry mouth are signs of hypotension, that is, low blood pressure. A lot of people have low blood pressure and at the same time feel normal, this is a variant of the norm. But when low blood pressure leads to weakness, dizziness, headache in the back of the head, especially when leaning forward, lying down is an alarming sign, since a sharp drop in pressure is a hypotonic crisis, shock, it is very dangerous to health and even life.Hypotensive patients are often dizzy and dry mouth in the morning, and weakness and lethargy return in the evening. Violation of blood circulation affects the functions of all organs and glands, including the salivary. Therefore, there are headaches, and dizziness, and dry mouth. The cause of hypotonia should be determined in consultation with a cardiologist and therapist, who may prescribe supportive therapy.

Thirst, frequent urination and dryness – it can be diabetes mellitus

Dry mouth combined with thirst is the main symptom, a symptom of diabetes mellitus.If a person is constantly tormented by thirst, you have to urinate often, there is either a sharp increase in appetite and weight gain, or vice versa, weight loss, dry mouth all the time, seizures in the corners of the mouth, itching of the skin, weakness and the presence of pustular skin lesions – you should take a glucose test in blood. Signs of diabetes mellitus in women are also complemented by the appearance of itching in the vagina, itching in the pubic region. In men, the symptoms of diabetes mellitus can be expressed by a decrease in potency, inflammation of the foreskin. Thirst and dry mouth in diabetic patients does not depend on the air temperature, if for a healthy person thirst is characteristic in the heat, after salty food or alcohol, then in those with diabetes, it is constant.

Dryness with pancreatitis, with menopause

With pancreatitis

Dry mouth, diarrhea, abdominal pain on the left, belching, nausea, flatulence are characteristic symptoms of pancreatitis. Sometimes minor inflammation of the pancreas can go unnoticed. This is a very insidious and dangerous disease that occurs most often in people who overeat, are addicted to fatty, fried foods, and alcohol. With attacks of pancreatitis, the symptoms are very bright, the person experiences severe pain, while there is a violation of the movement of enzymes in the ducts of the pancreas, they linger in it and destroy its cells, causing intoxication of the body. With chronic pancreatitis, a person must follow a diet, know what can and cannot be eaten with pancreatitis. This disease leads to impaired absorption of many nutrients in the body. Deficiency of vitamins (see vitamin deficiency, hypovitaminosis), trace elements disrupts the normal state of the skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, there is dullness, brittleness of hair, nails, dry mouth, cracks in the corners of the mouth.

With menopause

Palpitations, dizziness, dry mouth and eyes – these symptoms can be caused by menopause in women.With menopause, the production of sex hormones decreases, the functions of the sex glands diminish, which naturally affects the general condition of the woman. The first signs of menopause in women – appear due to changes in the function of the autonomic nervous system, usually after 45 years. Symptoms of menopause significantly increase if a woman has suffered a stressful situation, trauma, or her chronic illness has worsened, this immediately affects the general condition and is called climacteric syndrome. In addition to hot flashes, anxiety, chills, pain in the heart and joints, sleep disturbances, women notice that all mucous membranes are drained, not only dry mouth appears, but also in the eyes, throat, and vagina.

The manifestation of most of these symptoms become less intense when the gynecologist prescribes various drugs for menopause – antidepressants, sedatives, vitamins, hormonal and non-hormonal drugs for menopause. The signs of menopause are mitigated by doing Bodyflex, breathing exercises or yoga, with a balanced diet and good rest.

Dry mouth and eyes – Sjogren’s syndrome

This is a fairly rare autoimmune disease that affects the connective tissue of the body.detail the symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome). Few people know about this disease, and it most often occurs in women after 50 years in the postmenopausal period. In Sjogren’s syndrome, the hallmark is generalized dryness of all mucous membranes of the body. Therefore, symptoms such as burning, stinging eyes, gritty eyes, as well as dry mouth, dry throat, and seized corners of the mouth are important signs of autoimmune disorders. This chronic progressive disease over time affects not only the salivary and lacrimal glands, but also affects the joints, muscles, the skin becomes very dry, pain and itching in the vagina appears.Also, from dry mucous membranes, various infectious diseases often arise – sinusitis, otitis media, sinusitis, tracheobronchitis, atrophic gastritis, pancreatitis, etc.

Increased dryness, diarrhea, weakness, stomach ache

For any food poisoning when diarrhea occurs (diarrhea) , nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain – dehydration occurs and dry mouth appears. The cause of its appearance can also be irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), intestinal dysbiosis.If indigestion, dyspepsia lasts more than 3 months, a gastroenterologist may diagnose IBS or dibacteriosis. Disruption of the gastrointestinal tract has many reasons, this is the intake of various medicines, antibiotics, and poor nutrition.

The main symptoms of IBS are as follows:

Pain in the epigastric region after eating, which goes away with a bowel movement. Diarrhea in the morning, after lunch or vice versa – constipation. Belching, bloating.Feeling of “coma” in the stomach. Sleep disturbances, weakness, lethargy, headaches. After a stressful situation, excitement, physical exertion, the symptoms worsen.

How to get rid of dry mouth

First, you need to find out the exact cause of dry mouth, because without a clear diagnosis it is impossible to eliminate a single symptom. If the cause of dry mouth is caused by impaired nasal breathing, gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes mellitus, you should contact an otolaryngologist, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist.Try to get rid of bad habits – smoking, alcohol abuse, reduce the consumption of salty and fried foods, crackers, nuts, bread, etc. Increase the amount of liquid you drink, it is best to drink a glass of pure water or mineral water without gases 30 minutes before a meal. Sometimes it is enough to increase the humidity in the room, for this there are many different humidifiers. You can lubricate your lips with special balms. If you have bad breath, you can use gum or special mouthwashes.You can use pharmacological special drugs, saliva and tear substitutes. When used in food, hot peppers can activate the production of saliva, since it contains capsaicin, which helps to activate the salivary glands.

Constant thirst and dry mouth, causes | Endocrinologist consultation

Constant thirst and dry mouth may be the first signs of diabetes.

Excessive thirst, also called polydipsia accompanied by increased urination (polyuria), are classic symptoms of diabetes.

When a person has diabetes, an excess of sugar (glucose) builds up in their blood. At the same time, the kidneys are forced to work in an enhanced mode in order to filter and absorb excess sugar.

If the kidneys cannot cope with the processing of excess sugar, its excess is excreted from the body in the urine, drawing fluid from the tissues along the way. This causes more frequent urination, which can lead to dehydration.

The body’s natural response to dehydration is to feel thirsty all the time.When a person drinks more fluids to quench their thirst, they will urinate even more.

Understanding the possible symptoms of diabetes can lead to early diagnosis and treatment, and improved health throughout life. If you experience increased thirst and frequent urination, see your doctor.

Endocrinologists of the Mediland MC provide not only competent treatment, but also early diagnosis of diseases, which is the most important factor for the prognosis of a patient.

Our specialists

Malkina Alexandra G.

Doctor endocrinologist

Important to know

What to do:

If you experience symptoms such as constant thirst, dry mouth and frequent urination, you should not neglect this. It is necessary to contact an endocrinologist to diagnose and identify the causes of this phenomenon.