What are the characteristics of fever? What are the types of fever? When is a fever serious in adults?. A detailed guide on understanding and managing recurrent fever in childhood.

Understanding Fever: Characteristics, Types, and Seriousness

A fever is a common side effect of illness, such as the flu. It occurs when there is a temporary rise in body temperature. A fever is usually a sign that the immune system is actively fighting an infection or other illness. In babies and toddlers, even a slight fever may be a sign of a serious illness, while in adults, a fever is not typically serious or life-threatening.

However, sometimes a fever in adults can be a warning signal that something is not right. A high or persistent fever might be a sign of a serious health condition.

What is a Fever?

A fever is a normal body response to an infection or illness. It begins when the immune system makes more white blood cells to fight an infection. This triggers the brain to heat up the body, causing a rise in temperature. In response, the body tries to cool itself off by tightening blood flow to the skin and contracting muscles, leading to shivering and muscle aches.

The normal body temperature range is 97°F to 99°F (36.1°C to 37.2°C). A low-grade fever is considered when the body temperature rises above this, typically to 100.4°F (38°C) or higher. A high-grade fever occurs when the body temperature reaches 103°F (39.4°C) or above.

Duration of Fever

Most fevers usually go away on their own within 1 to 3 days. However, a persistent or recurrent fever may last or keep coming back for up to 14 days. A fever that lasts longer than normal may be a sign of a more serious infection or health condition, even if it is only a slight fever.

Common Fever Symptoms in Adults

Adults with a fever may experience the following symptoms:

• Sweating
• Chills (shivering)
• Headaches
• Muscle pain
• Loss of appetite
• Fatigue
• Weakness

When is a Fever Serious in Adults?

A fever may be a sign of a serious illness if the individual experiences any of the following symptoms:

• Severe headache
• Dizziness
• Sensitivity to bright lights
• Stiff neck or neck pain
• Skin rash
• Difficulty breathing
• Frequent vomiting
• Dehydration
• Stomach pain
• Muscle cramps
• Confusion
• Seizures

Other signs that a fever may be serious include pain when urinating, not urinating enough, passing dark urine, or passing urine that smells bad.

Causes of Fever in Adults

Common causes of fever in adults include:

• Viral infections (like the flu or a cold)
• Bacterial infections
• Fungal infections
• Food poisoning
• Heat exhaustion
• Serious sunburn
• Inflammation (from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis)
• A tumor
• Blood clots

Adults with certain chronic health conditions or who have been treated for severe illnesses may be at a higher risk of developing a serious fever. These conditions include asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Crohn’s disease, heart disease, sickle cell disease, liver disease, kidney disease, chronic lung disease, cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and muscular dystrophy.

Some medications and treatments can also lead to a serious fever, such as antibiotics, blood pressure drugs, seizure medications, vaccines, steroids, chemotherapy, radiation treatment, and post-transplant medications.

Managing Fever at Home

Most fevers go away on their own within a few hours to days as the body defeats the infection. To help manage a fever at home, you can:

• Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as water, juices, and broth
• Eat light, easy-to-digest foods
• Rest
• Use a cool compress or take a warm sponge bath
• Dress in light, comfortable clothing
• Turn down the temperature in your room

Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn) can also help ease fever and related symptoms like headaches and muscle pain.

If the fever is caused by a more serious condition, your doctor may prescribe medications such as antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals to treat the underlying infection or illness.

When to Seek Emergency Medical Attention

Seek immediate emergency medical attention if you experience any of the following symptoms along with a fever:

• Seizure or convulsions
• Fainting or loss of consciousness
• Confusion
• Hallucinations
• Severe headache pain
• Stiff or painful neck
• Difficulty breathing
• Hives or a rash
• Swelling in any part of the body

A fever, especially a high one, can also lead to serious side effects, so it’s important to seek medical attention if the fever persists or you experience any concerning symptoms.

Characteristics, Types, and When It’s Serious

A fever is a common side effect of illness like the flu. It happens when there is a temporary rise in body temperature. A fever is usually a sign that your immune system is busy fighting an infection or other illness.

In babies and toddlers even a slight fever may be a sign of a serious illness. In adults a fever is not usually serious or life-threatening.

However, sometimes a fever in adults can be a warning signal that something is not right. A high or persistent fever might be a sign of a serious health condition.

A fever is normally a short-term rise in temperature that helps your body get rid of illness. A fever begins when your immune system makes more white blood cells to fight an infection. The increase in white blood cells triggers your brain to heat your body up.

This causes a fever. In response, your body tries to cool itself off by tightening up on blood flow to your skin and contracting muscles. This makes you shiver and may cause muscle aches.

Your normal body temperature ranges from 97°F to 99°F (36.1°C to 37.2°C). You may have a fever if your temperature rises above this.

Adults typically have a fever if their body temperature increases to 100.4°F (38°C). This is called a low grade fever. A high grade fever happens when your body temperature is 103°F (39.4°C) or above.

Most fevers usually go away by themselves after 1 to 3 days. A persistent or recurrent fever may last or keep coming back for up to 14 days.

A fever that lasts longer than normal may be serious even if it is only a slight fever. This is because a recurrent fever might be a sign of a more serious infection or health condition.

Common fever symptoms in adults include:

• sweating
• chills (shivering)
• headaches
• muscle pain
• loss of appetite
• fatigue
• weakness

Call your doctor immediately if you have a high grade fever — when your temperature is 103°F (39. 4°C) or higher. Get medical help if you have any kind of fever for more than three days. Let your doctor know if your symptoms get worse or if you have any new symptoms.

Serious symptoms

A fever may be a sign of serious illness if you have:

• a severe headache
• dizziness
• sensitivity to bright light
• stiff neck or neck pain
• skin rash
• difficulty breathing
• frequent vomiting
• dehydration
• stomach pain
• muscle cramps
• confusion
• seizures

Other signs that a fever may be serious are:

• pain when urinating
• not urinating enough
• passing dark urine
• passing urine that smells bad

If you have serious fever symptoms, let your doctor know if you have recently traveled to a different country or attended an event that had lot of people. This may help your doctor find out the cause.

Common causes of a fever in adults are:

• viral infection (like the flu or a cold)
• bacterial infection
• fungal infection
• food poisoning
• heat exhaustion
• serious sunburn
• inflammation (from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis)
• a tumor
• blood clots

Some adults may have a higher risk of getting a fever. If you have a chronic health condition or have been treated for a severe illness, you may be more likely to get a serious fever.

Let your doctor know about any fever symptoms if you have:

• asthma
• rheumatoid arthritis
• diabetes
• Crohn’s disease
• heart disease
• sickle cell disease
• liver disease
• kidney disease
• chronic lung disease
• cystic fibrosis
• cerebral palsy
• stroke
• multiple sclerosis
• muscular dystrophy
• HIV or AIDS

Some medications and treatments can also lead to a serious fever, these include:

• antibiotics
• blood pressure drugs
• seizure medications
• DTaP vaccine
• pneumococcal vaccine
• steroids
• chemotherapy
• radiation treatment
• methotrexate
• azathioprine
• cyclophosphamide
• post-transplant medications

A fever is not normally harmful on its own. Most fevers go away within a few hours to days as your body defeats an infection.

Help yourself feel better with these at-home flu remedies:

• stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as:
  • water
  • juice
  • soup
  • broth
• eat light foods that are easy on the stomach
• rest
• use a cool compress, like a damp towel
• take a warm sponge bath
• dress in light, comfortable clothing
• turn down the temperature in your room

Over-the-counter medications can help ease your fever and symptoms, like headaches and muscle pain:

• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

You may need treatment from your doctor for more serious causes of a fever. The treatment depends on the cause. Your doctor may prescribe medications to treat serious infections:

• antibiotics
• antivirals
• antifungals

A fever may be a sign of serious illness. A high fever can also cause serious side effects.

Emergency Symptoms

Get emergency medical attention by going to the ER or calling an ambulance if you have any of these symptoms:

• seizure or convulsions
• fainting or loss of consciousness
• confusion
• hallucinations
• severe headache pain
• stiff or painful neck
• difficulty breathing
• hives or a rash
• swelling in any part of the body

A fever in adults is usually not harmful on its own. It is a sign that your body is dealing with an infection or other illness. In some cases a high or long-lasting fever can be a sign of a serious illness. You may need urgent medical treatment.

Do not ignore a fever. Get plenty of rest and fluids to help your body heal. See your doctor if you have a fever that lasts longer than 3 days or if you have other severe symptoms.

If you have a chronic condition or have been treated for a serious illness, let your doctor know if you have any kind of fever.

Characteristics, Types, and When It’s Serious

A fever is a common side effect of illness like the flu. It happens when there is a temporary rise in body temperature. A fever is usually a sign that your immune system is busy fighting an infection or other illness.

In babies and toddlers even a slight fever may be a sign of a serious illness. In adults a fever is not usually serious or life-threatening.

However, sometimes a fever in adults can be a warning signal that something is not right. A high or persistent fever might be a sign of a serious health condition.

A fever is normally a short-term rise in temperature that helps your body get rid of illness. A fever begins when your immune system makes more white blood cells to fight an infection. The increase in white blood cells triggers your brain to heat your body up.

This causes a fever. In response, your body tries to cool itself off by tightening up on blood flow to your skin and contracting muscles. This makes you shiver and may cause muscle aches.

Your normal body temperature ranges from 97°F to 99°F (36.1°C to 37.2°C). You may have a fever if your temperature rises above this.

Adults typically have a fever if their body temperature increases to 100.4°F (38°C). This is called a low grade fever. A high grade fever happens when your body temperature is 103°F (39.4°C) or above.

Most fevers usually go away by themselves after 1 to 3 days. A persistent or recurrent fever may last or keep coming back for up to 14 days.

A fever that lasts longer than normal may be serious even if it is only a slight fever. This is because a recurrent fever might be a sign of a more serious infection or health condition.

Common fever symptoms in adults include:

• sweating
• chills (shivering)
• headaches
• muscle pain
• loss of appetite
• fatigue
• weakness

Call your doctor immediately if you have a high grade fever — when your temperature is 103°F (39. 4°C) or higher. Get medical help if you have any kind of fever for more than three days. Let your doctor know if your symptoms get worse or if you have any new symptoms.

Serious symptoms

A fever may be a sign of serious illness if you have:

• a severe headache
• dizziness
• sensitivity to bright light
• stiff neck or neck pain
• skin rash
• difficulty breathing
• frequent vomiting
• dehydration
• stomach pain
• muscle cramps
• confusion
• seizures

Other signs that a fever may be serious are:

• pain when urinating
• not urinating enough
• passing dark urine
• passing urine that smells bad

If you have serious fever symptoms, let your doctor know if you have recently traveled to a different country or attended an event that had lot of people. This may help your doctor find out the cause.

Common causes of a fever in adults are:

• viral infection (like the flu or a cold)
• bacterial infection
• fungal infection
• food poisoning
• heat exhaustion
• serious sunburn
• inflammation (from conditions like rheumatoid arthritis)
• a tumor
• blood clots

Some adults may have a higher risk of getting a fever. If you have a chronic health condition or have been treated for a severe illness, you may be more likely to get a serious fever.

Let your doctor know about any fever symptoms if you have:

• asthma
• rheumatoid arthritis
• diabetes
• Crohn’s disease
• heart disease
• sickle cell disease
• liver disease
• kidney disease
• chronic lung disease
• cystic fibrosis
• cerebral palsy
• stroke
• multiple sclerosis
• muscular dystrophy
• HIV or AIDS

Some medications and treatments can also lead to a serious fever, these include:

• antibiotics
• blood pressure drugs
• seizure medications
• DTaP vaccine
• pneumococcal vaccine
• steroids
• chemotherapy
• radiation treatment
• methotrexate
• azathioprine
• cyclophosphamide
• post-transplant medications

A fever is not normally harmful on its own. Most fevers go away within a few hours to days as your body defeats an infection.

Help yourself feel better with these at-home flu remedies:

• stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, such as:
  • water
  • juice
  • soup
  • broth
• eat light foods that are easy on the stomach
• rest
• use a cool compress, like a damp towel
• take a warm sponge bath
• dress in light, comfortable clothing
• turn down the temperature in your room

Over-the-counter medications can help ease your fever and symptoms, like headaches and muscle pain:

• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

You may need treatment from your doctor for more serious causes of a fever. The treatment depends on the cause. Your doctor may prescribe medications to treat serious infections:

• antibiotics
• antivirals
• antifungals

A fever may be a sign of serious illness. A high fever can also cause serious side effects.

Emergency Symptoms

Get emergency medical attention by going to the ER or calling an ambulance if you have any of these symptoms:

• seizure or convulsions
• fainting or loss of consciousness
• confusion
• hallucinations
• severe headache pain
• stiff or painful neck
• difficulty breathing
• hives or a rash
• swelling in any part of the body

A fever in adults is usually not harmful on its own. It is a sign that your body is dealing with an infection or other illness. In some cases a high or long-lasting fever can be a sign of a serious illness. You may need urgent medical treatment.

Do not ignore a fever. Get plenty of rest and fluids to help your body heal. See your doctor if you have a fever that lasts longer than 3 days or if you have other severe symptoms.

If you have a chronic condition or have been treated for a serious illness, let your doctor know if you have any kind of fever.

Fever | Didkovsky N.A., Tanasova A.N.

L fever – an increase in body temperature as a result of a non-specific protective and adaptive reaction of the body, characterized by a restructuring of thermoregulation processes and occurring in response to exposure to pathogenic stimuli. There are fever infectious and inflammatory nature (viruses, bacteria, intracellular parasites) and non-infectious genesis (autoimmune processes, allergic diseases, tumors, metabolic disorders, the use of certain drugs, etc.) [2]. The regulation of body temperature is carried out with a complex interaction of the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The most common trigger in the development of hyperthermia are exogenous pyrogens (bacteria, viruses, toxins, etc.), which, when ingested, stimulate the production of endogenous pyrogens by blood cells [4].

Fig.1. The mechanism of development of fever under the influence of exogenous and endogenous pyrogens. ACTH – ACTH, CRF – corticotropin-releasing factor, PGE2 – prostaglandin E2 (CECIL Textbook of Medicine, 19 h edition).

Currently, 11 cytokines are known to have pyrogenic activity, the most important of which are interleukins – IL-1 and IL-6, as well as tumor necrosis factor – TNF-a [4]. Endogenous pyrogens are produced by stimulated monocytes and macrophages. The properties of pyrogens are also possessed by a-, b- and g-interferons. IL-1 and TNF-a are transported with the blood stream to target cells that carry specific receptors for these cytokines, and act on thermosensitive neurons in the preoptic region of the hypothalamus through increased prostaglandin (PG) synthesis E ₂ and PGF _2a from arachidonic acid.

Fig. 2. Metabolism of arachidonic acid (according to A.A. Yarilin) ​​[3]. International abbreviations for prostaglandins (PG), leukotrienes (LT) and thromboxanes (Tx) are used.

The exact mechanism of “switching” of the thermoregulation center under the action of PG has not yet been established. The direct effect of cytokines on the nervous tissue is not excluded. An increase in body temperature activates metabolic processes, the functions of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems (an increase in the production of antibodies, interferon, an increase in chemotaxis, phagocytic and bactericidal activity of neutrophils), an increase in the antitoxic function of the liver, and an increase in renal blood flow. IL-1 and TNF-a are able to enhance the immune response by activating T-cells and stimulating the production of IL-2. Under the action of IL-1, B-cell proliferation is enhanced, which is accompanied by an increase in antibody formation. It is important to note that these processes proceed most intensively at a temperature of 39°C. Under the action of endogenous pyrogens, the synthesis of “acute phase” proteins (fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, complement fractions B, C 3-4, alpha-glycoprotein, serum amyloid A, proteinase inhibitors) is stimulated by the liver, which play an important role in specific and non-specific protection. Hyperthermia is accompanied by a decrease in serum levels of iron, zinc and copper, which inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms.

In a typical course, fever goes through the following phases or periods – a prodromal period, a period of temperature rise, a period of relative stability, a period of decrease in body temperature, each of which is accompanied by certain vegetative reactions. What changes accompany the development of fever?

1) Tachycardia. With an increase in body temperature by 1 ° C, an increase in heart rate by 10–15 beats per minute occurs.

2) It is possible to develop extrasystole, which is due to both the direct toxic effect of bacteria and viruses, and the activation of the sympathetic-adrenal system under the influence of cytokines.

3) In the phase of temperature rise, an increase in blood pressure is possible, and in the phase of temperature decrease, blood pressure drops to a collaptoid state against the background of a decrease in TPS.

4) Upon reaching the maximum body temperature, the process of sweating increases significantly (up to 1 liter of sweat per day is possible), which can contribute to a decrease in BCC and lead to a deterioration in the condition of patients with pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Fluid losses are also aggravated by a compensatory increase in respiratory rate at the height of fever.

5) At the height of fever and even after normalization of temperature, transient appearance in the urine of protein, casts and an increase in creatinine levels is possible. These changes are associated with the direct damaging effect of fever.

6) Fever affects the activity of various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, which is manifested by impaired secretion of digestive juices, impaired motility and absorption processes. As a result, there may be a decrease in appetite, the development of a syndrome of impaired absorption and constipation (the latter has a particularly adverse effect on elderly patients). Loss of appetite during fever is associated both with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and with the direct influence of cytokines. So, with prolonged exposure to high concentrations of TNF-a (which has a second name in Western literature – “cachectin”) and partially IL-1, depletion may develop due to the suppression of hunger / appetite (which is most typical for chronic infections and oncological processes).

7) Against the background of fever, metabolic processes in cells increase sharply (with an increase in body temperature by 0.6 ° C, the level of basal metabolism increases by approximately 10%), redox processes accelerate, and oxygen consumption increases. Hyperthermia can increase blood glucose levels, increasing protein catabolism (negative nitrogen balance). Loss of protein up to 300-400 grams per day is possible. A decrease in diuresis against the background of a reduced BCC can lead to the development of metabolic acidosis.

8) Changes in consciousness (from minor to the development of a delirious state) are associated with the release of b-endorphins under the influence of TNF-a and IL-1. The risk group includes young children, the elderly, patients with pathology of the cardiovascular system, as well as people who abuse alcohol.

9) Due to the immaturity of the central nervous system and the imperfection of the thermoregulation system in children under the age of 5 years, the development of febrile convulsions is possible.

10) An increase in body temperature can lead to the activation of latent herpesvirus infection (HSV-1). For reasons that are not completely clear, most often herpetic eruptions accompany diseases caused by a pyogenic bacterial infection (pneumococci, streptococci, meningococci), malaria, and rickettsiosis. Nasolabial herpes is a marker of reduced cellular immunity. It is important to note that subjective sensations during fever are of a different nature. Some patients are sensitive to even small fluctuations in body temperature, while others do not experience discomfort with a significant increase in temperature (for example, with pulmonary tuberculosis). However, in most cases, patients complain of weakness and malaise, headache, pain in the muscles and joints, chilling or excessive sweating, which “pushes” the doctor to prescribe antipyretics. When deciding on the need to prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), it is necessary to take into account both positive and potentially dangerous manifestations of fever. It must be remembered that fever, like any protective-adaptive reaction, with the depletion of compensatory mechanisms or with a hyperergic variant, can cause the development of pathological conditions. So, an excessive increase in temperature leads to inhibition of immune responses, impaired function of parenchymal organs, the development of febrile convulsions, functional and degenerative disorders in the cardiovascular and central nervous system. A critical decrease in body temperature can contribute to the development of collapse due to a sharp drop in total peripheral resistance and aggravate the condition of patients with pathology of the cardiovascular system.

So in what case is it necessary to use antipyretics?

An increase in body temperature within 3°C does not have a damaging effect on the human body, however, its increase by more than 6°C (i.e. more than 42.2°C) leads to irreversible changes in the structures of the brain, which is a state incompatible with life. When deciding on the need to prescribe NSAIDs, it is necessary to take into account the age of the patient, the severity of the underlying and concomitant diseases, as well as the subjective tolerance of fever.

Currently NSAIDs are widely used in the symptomatic treatment of fever in ARVI. However, little attention is paid to non-drug (physical) methods of lowering body temperature, which is especially important in pediatric practice. I would like to remind you that physical methods to lower the temperature (such as wiping the body with a weak solution of vinegar, applying cold to the area of ​​​​large arteries, wet wrapping, a warm (not cold!) bath, an enema with water at room temperature) are recommended not only in the domestic , but also in modern foreign literature, can be quite effective and have no side effects. It is necessary to remember such rules for caring for patients with fever, such as an adequate drinking regimen, a sparing diet, mandatory ventilation of the room, and the prohibition to “wrap up” the patient, since the latter prevents heat transfer.

In febrile conditions on the background of infectious and inflammatory diseases, rectal suppositories Cefecon N are used as an antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. Cefecon N suppositories are a unique combination of naproxen, caffeine and salicylamide, which ensures high antipyretic, analgesic activity. Cefecon H has a number of advantages over oral NSAIDs.

Before entering the systemic circulation, medicinal substances must pass through the stomach, small intestine, liver, where they are destroyed and adsorbed to a certain (sometimes significant) degree, which can lead to damage to this organ. Even if taken on an empty stomach, drugs enter the systemic circulation on average no earlier than 30 minutes later. When taking drugs orally in the form of powders and especially tablets, there is the greatest likelihood of their local irritating effect on the gastric mucosa.

With the rectal route of administration, the intake of substances adsorbed in the rectum is carried out simultaneously through the circulatory and lymphatic systems, which are especially developed in this area. In this case, an insignificant part of the adsorbed drugs enters the portal vein, which carries blood from the internal organs to the liver. Moreover, bioavailability from the rectal mucosa for a number of drugs is equivalent to that after intravenous administration. Thus, the introduction of NSAIDs in suppositories can reduce the risk of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract and ensure that the full dose of the drug is delivered, regardless of food intake and concomitant therapy (for example, antacids). In this regard, the use of NSAIDs in the form of rectal suppositories (Cefecon N) seems to be a very promising direction.

Despite the fact that, in the understanding of the patient, fever is often an undesirable manifestation of the disease, the doctor, when determining the strategy for treating the patient, must take into account the positive factors of the hyperthermic reaction. Moreover, the elimination of fever should not be the main goal of the therapy (which often occurs in the presence of SARS). It is well known that the course of an infectious disease without a temperature reaction may indicate that the patient has an immunodeficiency state and is an unfavorable prognostic factor.

1. Luchsheva Yu., Cold. How to deal with it. The effectiveness of symptomatic therapy for acute respiratory viral infections // Pharmaceutical Bulletin No. 37 (236), 2001.

2. NSAIDs: the role of rectal suppositories.//Russian Medical Journal, Vol. 10, No. 21(165), 2002, pp. 982–986.

3. Yarilin A.A., Fundamentals of immunology, M. “Medicine”, 1999, pp. 163–168.

4. Bruce Beutler, Steven M. Beutler, The Pathogenesis of Fever// CECIL Textbook of Medicine,19th edition, 1994, p.1568–1571.

5. Cranswick N, Coghlan D., Paracetamol efficacy and safety in children : the first 40 years// Am J Ther, 2000, 7(2): 135–41.

6. Glasow.J.F.T., Middleton B., Reye syndrome – insights on causation and prognosis// Arch Dis Child, 2001, 85, 351–353.

Fever of unknown origin: causes, symptoms, treatment

Contents

• 1 Fever of unknown origin: causes, symptoms and treatment
  • 1.1 Fever of unknown cause: causes, symptoms, treatment – article on the LNP website
  • 1.2 What is fever of unknown origin?
  • 1.3 Causes of fever of unknown origin
  • 1.4 What are the symptoms of fever of unknown origin?
  • 1.5 How is fever of unknown origin diagnosed?
  • 1.6 Treatment of fever of unknown origin
  • 1.7 Prevention of fever of unknown origin: what you need to know?
    • 1.7.1 Maintain hygiene
    • 1.7.2 Travel restrictions
    • 1.7.3 Boost immunity
    • maximum accuracy to determine the origin of the fever?
    • 1.9 Countries affected by fever of unknown origin
    • 1.10 How is fever of unknown origin transmitted?
    • 1. 11 Consequences of a fever of unknown origin
    • 1.12 How to minimize the risk of contracting a fever of unknown origin?
    • 1.13 Related videos:
    • 1.14 Q&A:
      • • 1.14.0.1 What are the signs that I have a fever of unknown origin?
        • 1.14.0.2 What are the causes of fever of unknown origin?
        • 1.14.0.3 How is fever of unknown origin diagnosed?
        • 1.14.0.4 What is the treatment for fever of unknown origin?
        • 1.14.0.5 How can you protect yourself from fever of unknown origin?
        • 1.14.0.6 Can a fever of unknown origin become an epidemic?

  Learn about the causes and symptoms of fever of unknown origin (UNF), treatment and prevention. What to do if you suspect LDL – expert advice and helpful tips.

  Fever is an increase in body temperature above normal. It can be caused by many factors: infections, allergic reactions, psychological stress and other reasons. In this article, we will look at one of the most mysterious forms of fever – of unknown origin.

  This form of fever is very disturbing. In some cases, it is associated with epidemics that can lead to potentially dangerous consequences. In addition, this form of fever is often difficult to diagnose, making it difficult to treat.

  In this article, we will look at several causes of fever of unknown origin, report on its symptoms, which include high body temperature, headache, muscle pain, severe weakness. And also tell about the methods of diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

  Fever of unknown origin: causes, symptoms, treatment – article on the LNP website

  Fever of unknown origin is a condition in which the patient experiences an increase in body temperature, the cause of which is unknown.

  The symptoms of this condition may vary from patient to patient, but there are common features including:

  • High body temperature;
  • Headache;
  • Feeling weak and tired;
  • Pain in muscles and joints;

  To find the cause of a fever, doctors do various tests and blood tests. In the treatment, you can use antibiotics, antiviral drugs and other medicines that are aimed at combating the cause of the condition.

  Some causes of fever of unknown origin: Viruses Bacteria Parasites smallpox Tularemia Dungan fever

  It is important to see a doctor at the first sign of a fever of unknown origin, as this condition can lead to complications.

  What is a fever of unknown origin?

  Fever of unknown origin, or FDL, is an infectious disease that causes high fever and other symptoms, but the cause is unknown. It belongs to the category of diseases that are of concern due to their unknown origin and potential to spread around the world.

  Because LDL causes symptoms similar to other illnesses such as influenza or pneumonia, it is difficult to diagnose without a thorough examination. This makes it even more potentially dangerous, as people may have a medical breakdown in determining which infection they have.

  Causes of fever of unknown origin

  Fever of unknown origin can occur for a number of reasons.

  1. Infectious diseases: Fever may be due to an infectious disease such as influenza, dengue, Ebola or AIDS.
  2. Parasitic diseases: Some parasitic diseases, such as malaria, can also cause fever.
  3. Autoimmune diseases: Fever can be caused by autoimmune diseases such as Behçet’s syndrome or systemic lupus erythematosus.
  4. Certain medications: Fever may be a side effect of certain medications, such as antibiotics or antifungals.

  Given that a fever of unknown origin can have many causes, careful diagnosis and treatment by specialists in various fields of medicine is necessary.

  What are the symptoms of a fever of unknown origin?

  Fever of unknown origin may present with a variety of symptoms that may be difficult to diagnose and treat.

  • High body temperature: One of the main symptoms is an elevated body temperature, which is difficult to reduce by conventional methods.
  • Weakness and fatigue: Severe weakness, fatigue and feeling unwell often occur, which may last for a long time.
  • Muscle and joint pain: Muscle and joint pain is common and may be accompanied by swelling and redness.
  • Diarrhea and vomiting: LDL symptoms may include diarrhea and vomiting, which may be associated with digestive disorders.
  • Severe headache: There may be a severe headache that causes discomfort and makes it difficult to carry out normal activities.
  • Sleep and Appetite Disorder: Fever of unknown origin can also affect a person’s sleep and appetite, causing sleep disturbances and loss of appetite.

  It is necessary to know that the symptoms of LDL can be different and depend on the nature and condition of the disease, so it is important to contact specialists in time for diagnosis and treatment.

  How is fever of unknown origin diagnosed?

  Diagnosis of fever of unknown origin is a set of measures aimed at finding the causes of the disease. In order to determine the cause of the disease, a detailed clinical and epidemiological history of the patient is necessary.

  Bacteriological culture, immunoserological and molecular genetic studies can also be performed. Infectious disease specialists, virologists, bacteriologists, immunologists, geneticists and other specialists experienced in the treatment of infectious diseases may be involved in determining the cause of the disease.

  • Important! Diagnosis and treatment of fever of unknown origin requires great care and experience of the physician. The patient should definitely consult a specialist immediately after the first symptoms of the disease appear.

  Treatment of fever of unknown origin

  Treatment of fever of unknown origin depends on the patient’s symptoms and condition. One of the main methods is symptomatic treatment aimed at reducing body temperature and combating other manifestations of the disease.

  Fever is treated with fluids and medicines such as paracetamol. It is important to monitor temperature indicators and consult a doctor in a timely manner.

  In case of severe symptoms such as headache, vomiting, cardiovascular disorders, the doctor may prescribe appropriate therapy.

  An important stage of treatment is maintaining the water-salt balance and normal functioning of the organs.

  In the case of a confirmed diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe a more specific treatment aimed at eliminating the cause of the disease.

  • Symptomatic treatment aimed at reducing body temperature and combating other manifestations of the disease;
  • Maintenance of water-salt balance and normal functioning of organs;
  • More specific treatment to eliminate the cause of the disease.

  Prevention of fever of unknown cause: what you need to know?

  Stay hygienic

  Hygiene is the main way to protect yourself from disease. Washing hands before eating, after going outside, going to the toilet is the basis. You should also keep your clothes and shoes clean. In case of contact with a possible carrier of the disease, measures must be taken to disinfect the body and clothing.

  Travel restrictions

  If you are planning a trip, you need to know which regions have become the epicenter of various epidemics. Before traveling, you should check the official recommendations for your particular destination and, if necessary, get vaccinated. You should also avoid being around large crowds of people.

  Strengthen your immunity

  It is very important to strengthen your immunity. This can be done through a healthy lifestyle, proper nutrition, physical activity and this treatment. It is also worth following the recommendations of doctors and undergoing regular medical examinations.

  Emergency measures

  In the event of symptoms of a fever of unknown origin, seek immediate medical attention. You should not try to treat yourself, thereby postponing a visit to the doctor. Before going to the doctor, you should avoid contact with other people, especially with young children and the elderly.

  Important to remember

  Know the risks	Before traveling, check the official recommendations for your destination and get vaccinated if necessary.
  Stay hygienic	Wash your hands before eating, after going to the toilet and outside. Keep your clothes and shoes clean.
  Boost your immune system	Proper nutrition, physical activity and a healthy lifestyle will help improve your immune system.
  Seek medical attention in case of symptoms	In case of symptoms of fever of unknown origin, seek medical attention.

  Can the origin of a fever be determined with maximum accuracy?

  Determining the origin of a fever is a difficult task, but modern medical methods provide more accurate and reliable results.

  Some types of infections may have similar symptoms, making them difficult to diagnose. Therefore, the accuracy of determining the origin of fever may depend on the experience and qualifications of the doctor conducting the study.

  In addition, the correct and timely visit to the doctor at the first signs of the disease is of great importance, as this increases the chances for a full and quick diagnosis and treatment.

  Countries affected by fever of unknown origin

  China

  The first cases of unknown fever were reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease soon spread throughout the country and was also a source of concern for international health organizations.

  Italy

  At the beginning of 2020, Italy was one of the countries that faced the emergence of an unknown fever. The disease known as COVID-19, became massive and led to the closure of borders and the introduction of quarantine.

  Iran

  Iran has also become one of the countries where many cases of unknown fever have been reported. Soon the disease became a pandemic and caused a global crisis.

  • China, Italy and Iran are the top countries affected by the unknown fever in early 2020.

  How is fever of unknown origin transmitted?

  Fever of unknown origin is spread from person to person through droplets of air, close contact with an infected person, or contact with their blood, urine, or other bodily fluids.

  It is also possible to transmit the infection through the bites of infected insects, such as mosquitoes, which may carry the virus.

  To prevent transmission, hygiene measures such as regular handwashing, wearing masks in public, and avoiding contact with sick people should be followed.

  If you suspect you have a fever of unknown origin, it is important to seek medical attention and follow all your doctor’s instructions to avoid infecting others.

  Consequences of a fever of unknown origin

  Unfortunately, a fever of unknown origin can leave serious consequences even after it has been treated.

  • Weakening of the immune system. During the fight against the disease, the body spends a lot of energy, and after it ends, the immune system may remain weakened for a while, which can lead to secondary infections.
  • Organ dysfunction. In some cases, a fever of unknown origin can cause malfunction of organs such as the kidneys, liver, heart, which will require long-term treatment and rehabilitation.
  • Post-traumatic stress syndrome. People who have had a severe form of fever may develop post-traumatic stress syndrome, which manifests itself in the form of increased anxiety, nervousness, insomnia and other psychological problems.

  It is important to note that the consequences of a fever of unknown origin can be very diverse and individual in each case. Therefore, if you suspect this disease, you should immediately consult a doctor and follow his recommendations in order to minimize potential health consequences.

  How to minimize the risk of contracting a fever of unknown origin?

  1. Practice good personal hygiene. Wash your hands regularly with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub. Do not touch your face with your hands unnecessarily. Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or use disposable tissues when coughing or sneezing.

  2. Avoid contact with other people. Avoid crowded places, close contact with sick people or people who may be infected without symptoms. If communication is necessary, wear a mask.

  3. Take care of your health. Monitor temperature regularly and pay attention to symptoms. If signs of illness appear, consult a doctor immediately.

  4. Eat only carefully prepared food. Do not eat raw or undercooked foods. Cook meat and fish avoiding contact with other foods.

  5. Follow the news and instructions from local authorities. If cases have been reported in your area, follow recommendations to reduce the risk of infection and limit movement.

  6. Use protective gear. Wear a mask when in a crowded area or close to sick people. Use gloves and goggles when handling sick or potentially contaminated objects.

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  Q&A:

  What are the signs that I have a fever of unknown origin?

  Initial symptoms may include fever, night sweats, headache, muscle pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. If you notice these symptoms, contact your healthcare professional.

  What are the causes of fever of unknown origin?

  Causes may vary, including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, poisons, radiation, etc. But often the exact causes are not established, so such cases become called “of unknown origin.”

  How is fever of unknown origin diagnosed?

  Diagnosis can be difficult and includes laboratory tests to look for viruses, bacteria, or other diseases, as well as a physical examination to look for other symptoms and a physical examination.