What foods should you avoid after gallbladder removal. How does gallbladder removal affect digestion. Which foods can aid recovery after gallbladder surgery. Why is a low-fat diet important post-gallbladder removal. How can you prevent digestive issues after gallbladder surgery.

Understanding Gallbladder Removal and Its Impact on Digestion

Gallbladder removal, or cholecystectomy, is a common surgical procedure that necessitates dietary adjustments for optimal recovery and long-term health. The gallbladder, a small pear-shaped organ located beneath the liver, plays a crucial role in storing and concentrating bile, which aids in fat digestion. When this organ is removed, the body’s ability to process fats efficiently is altered, leading to potential digestive challenges.

How does gallbladder removal affect digestion? After surgery, bile flows directly from the liver into the small intestine, rather than being stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. This continuous flow can result in:

• Reduced fat digestion efficiency
• Slower stomach emptying after meals
• Faster movement of food through the digestive tract
• Potential disruption of the gut microbiome

These changes underscore the importance of adopting a suitable diet post-surgery to minimize discomfort and support the body’s adaptation to its new digestive process.

Foods to Avoid After Gallbladder Removal

To prevent digestive distress and promote healing, it’s essential to be mindful of certain foods that may exacerbate symptoms after gallbladder removal. Which foods should you avoid following gallbladder surgery? Here’s a comprehensive list:

High-Fat and Greasy Foods

Foods high in fat can be particularly challenging for the body to process without a gallbladder. These include:

• Fried foods (e.g., french fries, fried chicken)
• Fatty cuts of meat (e.g., bacon, sausages, lamb)
• Full-fat dairy products (whole milk, cream, butter)
• Greasy fast food items (pizza, burgers)

Spicy and Acidic Foods

Spicy and acidic foods may irritate the digestive system, leading to discomfort. It’s advisable to limit or avoid:

• Hot peppers and spicy sauces
• Citrus fruits and juices
• Tomato-based products

Processed and Refined Foods

Highly processed foods often contain unhealthy fats and additives that can strain the digestive system. Examples include:

• Packaged snacks and desserts
• Refined sugar and sugary treats
• Processed meats (e.g., salami, hot dogs)

Caffeine and Alcohol

Stimulants and alcohol can irritate the digestive tract and may lead to increased bowel movements. It’s best to limit or avoid:

• Coffee and energy drinks
• Alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, spirits)
• Chocolate (due to its caffeine content)

Nutritious Foods to Embrace After Gallbladder Surgery

While it’s important to know what to avoid, focusing on nutrient-rich foods that support digestion and overall health is equally crucial. Which foods can aid recovery after gallbladder surgery?

Lean Proteins

Incorporating lean proteins can help maintain muscle mass and support healing without overloading the digestive system with fats. Excellent choices include:

• Skinless chicken or turkey breast
• Fish (especially fatty fish rich in omega-3s, like salmon)
• Egg whites
• Tofu and tempeh
• Legumes (beans, lentils, peas)

High-Fiber Foods

Fiber is essential for maintaining regular bowel movements and supporting digestive health. Gradually increase your intake of:

• Whole grains (oats, quinoa, brown rice)
• Fresh fruits and vegetables
• Bran cereals
• Nuts and seeds (in moderation due to fat content)

Low-Fat Dairy and Alternatives

To ensure adequate calcium intake without excess fat, opt for:

• Skim or low-fat milk
• Low-fat yogurt
• Calcium-fortified plant-based milk alternatives

Healthy Fats in Moderation

While it’s important to limit fat intake, some healthy fats are necessary for nutrient absorption and overall health. Include small amounts of:

• Avocado
• Olive oil
• Nuts and seeds
• Fatty fish

Implementing a Post-Gallbladder Removal Diet Plan

Transitioning to a suitable diet after gallbladder removal requires careful planning and gradual adjustments. How can you create an effective post-gallbladder removal diet plan?

Start with Clear Liquids

Immediately after surgery, begin with clear liquids to allow your digestive system to recover. Suitable options include:

• Water
• Clear broths
• Herbal teas
• Diluted fruit juices (without pulp)

Introduce Solid Foods Gradually

As you begin to feel better, slowly introduce solid foods, starting with easily digestible options such as:

• Toast or crackers
• Bananas
• Rice
• Applesauce

Adopt Small, Frequent Meals

Instead of three large meals, aim for 5-6 smaller meals throughout the day. This approach can help:

• Reduce the burden on your digestive system
• Prevent overloading your body with fats
• Maintain stable energy levels

Monitor and Adjust

Keep a food diary to track how different foods affect your digestion. This can help you identify trigger foods and make necessary adjustments to your diet.

Managing Common Post-Gallbladder Removal Symptoms

After gallbladder removal, some individuals may experience digestive symptoms. How can you manage these common post-surgery issues?

Dealing with Diarrhea

Diarrhea is a frequent complaint after gallbladder removal, often due to bile flowing directly into the intestines. To manage this:

• Stay well-hydrated
• Avoid foods high in fat and sugar
• Incorporate soluble fiber (e.g., oatmeal, bananas) into your diet
• Consider probiotics to support gut health

Preventing Constipation

Constipation can occur due to decreased activity and pain medication. To prevent this:

• Drink plenty of water (8-10 glasses daily)
• Gradually increase fiber intake
• Engage in light physical activity as approved by your doctor
• Use stool softeners if recommended by your healthcare provider

Managing Bloating and Gas

To reduce bloating and gas:

• Eat slowly and chew food thoroughly
• Avoid carbonated beverages
• Limit foods known to cause gas (e.g., broccoli, beans) initially
• Consider over-the-counter digestive enzymes after consulting your doctor

Long-Term Dietary Considerations Post-Gallbladder Removal

While some dietary changes may be temporary, others might need to be long-term adjustments. Why is a low-fat diet important post-gallbladder removal? A consistently low-fat diet can help:

• Reduce the risk of digestive discomfort
• Prevent rapid weight gain
• Support overall digestive health

How can you maintain a balanced diet without a gallbladder? Focus on:

• Incorporating a variety of nutrient-dense foods
• Balancing macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats)
• Staying hydrated
• Listening to your body and adjusting your diet as needed

Supplementation Considerations

After gallbladder removal, the body may have difficulty absorbing fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Discuss with your healthcare provider about potential supplementation needs, which may include:

• Multivitamins
• Calcium supplements
• Omega-3 fatty acids

The Role of Exercise in Post-Gallbladder Removal Recovery

Physical activity plays a crucial role in recovery and long-term health after gallbladder removal. How can exercise benefit you after gallbladder surgery?

Promoting Digestive Health

Regular exercise can help:

• Stimulate bowel movements
• Reduce constipation
• Improve overall digestive function

Supporting Weight Management

Maintaining a healthy weight is important after gallbladder removal. Exercise can:

• Help control weight gain
• Boost metabolism
• Enhance fat burning

Reducing Stress

Stress can exacerbate digestive issues. Regular physical activity can:

• Lower stress levels
• Improve mood
• Enhance overall well-being

Gradually Increasing Activity

It’s important to ease back into exercise after surgery. Start with:

• Short walks
• Gentle stretching
• Gradually increasing duration and intensity as approved by your doctor

Monitoring Your Health After Gallbladder Removal

Ongoing health monitoring is crucial after gallbladder removal. How can you ensure optimal health post-surgery?

Regular Check-ups

Schedule follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider to:

• Assess your recovery progress
• Address any persistent symptoms
• Adjust your treatment plan if necessary

Tracking Digestive Symptoms

Keep a journal to monitor:

• Bowel movements
• Digestive discomfort
• Food reactions

This information can be valuable for your healthcare provider in managing your post-surgery care.

Nutritional Assessments

Consider periodic nutritional assessments to:

• Ensure you’re meeting your nutritional needs
• Identify any deficiencies
• Adjust your diet and supplement regimen as needed

By following these dietary guidelines, staying active, and monitoring your health, you can promote a smooth recovery and maintain optimal digestive health after gallbladder removal. Remember that everyone’s body responds differently, so it’s essential to work closely with your healthcare provider to develop a personalized plan that suits your specific needs and lifestyle.

What to eat and avoid

People who undergo gallbladder removal will need to change their diet. Changes may include avoiding fatty, greasy, or spicy foods and eating more lean meat, low fat dairy, and leafy green vegetables.

According to a 2017 review, there is no specific recommended diet for people without a gallbladder to follow. However, avoiding certain foods and prioritizing others can help someone recover from surgery and avoid adverse effects.

In this article, we explain how gallbladder removal affects digestion and list the best types of foods for someone who has had this surgery.

Share on PinterestLean proteins, whole grains, and vegetables can aid digestion after gallbladder removal.

The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ up to 10 centimeters in length that resides below the liver. It stores bile acids, which the liver produces. Bile acids help the body digest and absorb fats.

After gallbladder removal, a person may be less able to digest fats effectively. Their stomach may empty more slowly after meals. Bile will also flow directly into the small intestine, which can result in food moving faster through the digestive tract and may harm the microbiome.

As a result of the effects that gallbladder removal has on digestion, a person will need to change their diet after surgery.

For some people, these changes may be temporary, but for others — particularly those whose diet was previously high in carbohydrates or fat and low in fiber — the changes will need to be permanent.

When a person wakes up from anesthesia after the surgery, they can drink small amounts of liquid. The American College of Surgeons state that if a person does not feel sick, they can begin to eat solid foods.

Anesthesia, decreased activity, and pain medication can cause constipation following surgery. Drinking 8–10 glasses of water each day can help reduce this symptom. A doctor may also prescribe a stool softener to minimize discomfort and straining.

When a person begins to eat solids again, it is a good idea for them to eat smaller meals more regularly and to monitor the effect that certain foods have on their symptoms. Experts also recommend taking supplements of fat soluble vitamins, as these may be more difficult for the body to absorb after surgery.

People who have had gallbladder removal surgery should avoid certain foods, including:

• fatty, greasy, or fried foods
• spicy food
• refined sugar
• caffeine, which is often in tea, coffee, chocolate, and energy drinks
• alcoholic drinks, including beer, wine, and spirits
• carbonated beverages

In one study, people who did not follow a low fat diet after gallbladder removal were significantly more likely to experience diarrhea 1 week after the procedure.

Fat is present in a variety of foods, including those below:

Processed foods

Processed foods can contain high amounts of fat or oil, and this can make them more difficult for people without a gallbladder to digest. Examples of high fat processed foods include:

• desserts, such as cakes, cookies, and pastries
• fast food, such as pizza or fries
• processed meats, such as sausages

Fatty meats

Some types of nonprocessed meat can also contain a significant amount of fat. Examples include:

• lamb and mutton
• pork, including bacon and ribs
• fatty cuts of beef, such as T-bone and rib eye steaks

Dairy products

Whole dairy products also contain fat. Following gallbladder removal, a person may need to avoid:

• whole milk
• full fat yogurt
• full fat cheese
• butter
• cream
• ice cream
• creamy sauces and dressings

Including more of certain foods in the diet can be helpful following gallbladder removal. People can focus on eating the types of foods below.

Lean protein

People who eat meat can choose low fat cuts to avoid eating too much fat. Some examples of low fat protein sources include:

• chicken or turkey breast
• fish and seafood
• legumes
• nuts and seeds, but only in small amounts, as they are high in fat

High fiber foods

High fiber foods can help prevent constipation. However, people who no longer have a gallbladder should reintroduce high fiber foods to their diet slowly after surgery. High fiber foods to try include:

• whole grains
• fresh fruits and vegetables
• legumes and beans
• nuts and seeds
• bran cereals and oatmeal

Low fat dairy

Dairy products are a good source of calcium. If someone has to avoid full fat dairy after gallbladder removal, they can substitute low fat dairy products, such as skimmed milk or low fat yogurt. People can also get calcium from other foods, such as:

• leafy green vegetables
• legumes and pulses
• calcium-fortified milk alternatives
• sardines and canned salmon

According to a study in Nutrition & Diabetes, low fat products often contain more added sugar than full fat versions. A person can read the nutritional data on food packaging to check that they are not eating too much fat or added sugar.

Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is a term that doctors use to describe the gastrointestinal symptoms that people can develop after gallbladder removal. These symptoms include:

• fatty food intolerance
• nausea
• vomiting
• heartburn
• flatulence
• indigestion
• diarrhea
• jaundice
• intermittent stomach pain

The exact number of people who develop PCS after gallbladder removal is unclear, but estimates range from 5–30%. The symptoms may be a continuation of the symptoms that the person had before surgery, or they could be new.

Doctors treat PCS by identifying the cause of the symptoms and then prescribing medication or performing further surgery. In one study, 75% of people with PCS felt significant long-term relief from pain after treatment.

Although some symptoms, including diarrhea and gas, are common after gallbladder removal, a person should contact a doctor if they experience more severe symptoms, such as jaundice, swelling of the abdomen, vomiting, or high fever. These symptoms may require immediate medical attention.

Anyone who experiences PCS symptoms should also talk to a doctor. PCS requires an interprofessional approach, which may involve investigation by different specialists and consultants to discover the cause and determine the best treatment.

No single diet will work best for everyone who undergoes gallbladder removal. However, doctors generally advise that people avoid fatty foods and foods that can irritate the gut. Switching to low fat products and lean proteins while slowly introducing high fiber foods can help.

Some people may be able to go back to their original diet by gradually reintroducing foods one at a time and monitoring the effects. For others, though, some dietary changes may be permanent.

If a person has new or persistent symptoms after gallbladder removal, they should see a doctor.

What to eat and avoid

People who undergo gallbladder removal will need to change their diet. Changes may include avoiding fatty, greasy, or spicy foods and eating more lean meat, low fat dairy, and leafy green vegetables.

According to a 2017 review, there is no specific recommended diet for people without a gallbladder to follow. However, avoiding certain foods and prioritizing others can help someone recover from surgery and avoid adverse effects.

In this article, we explain how gallbladder removal affects digestion and list the best types of foods for someone who has had this surgery.

Share on PinterestLean proteins, whole grains, and vegetables can aid digestion after gallbladder removal.

The gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ up to 10 centimeters in length that resides below the liver. It stores bile acids, which the liver produces. Bile acids help the body digest and absorb fats.

After gallbladder removal, a person may be less able to digest fats effectively. Their stomach may empty more slowly after meals. Bile will also flow directly into the small intestine, which can result in food moving faster through the digestive tract and may harm the microbiome.

As a result of the effects that gallbladder removal has on digestion, a person will need to change their diet after surgery.

For some people, these changes may be temporary, but for others — particularly those whose diet was previously high in carbohydrates or fat and low in fiber — the changes will need to be permanent.

When a person wakes up from anesthesia after the surgery, they can drink small amounts of liquid. The American College of Surgeons state that if a person does not feel sick, they can begin to eat solid foods.

Anesthesia, decreased activity, and pain medication can cause constipation following surgery. Drinking 8–10 glasses of water each day can help reduce this symptom. A doctor may also prescribe a stool softener to minimize discomfort and straining.

When a person begins to eat solids again, it is a good idea for them to eat smaller meals more regularly and to monitor the effect that certain foods have on their symptoms. Experts also recommend taking supplements of fat soluble vitamins, as these may be more difficult for the body to absorb after surgery.

People who have had gallbladder removal surgery should avoid certain foods, including:

• fatty, greasy, or fried foods
• spicy food
• refined sugar
• caffeine, which is often in tea, coffee, chocolate, and energy drinks
• alcoholic drinks, including beer, wine, and spirits
• carbonated beverages

In one study, people who did not follow a low fat diet after gallbladder removal were significantly more likely to experience diarrhea 1 week after the procedure.

Fat is present in a variety of foods, including those below:

Processed foods

Processed foods can contain high amounts of fat or oil, and this can make them more difficult for people without a gallbladder to digest. Examples of high fat processed foods include:

• desserts, such as cakes, cookies, and pastries
• fast food, such as pizza or fries
• processed meats, such as sausages

Fatty meats

Some types of nonprocessed meat can also contain a significant amount of fat. Examples include:

• lamb and mutton
• pork, including bacon and ribs
• fatty cuts of beef, such as T-bone and rib eye steaks

Dairy products

Whole dairy products also contain fat. Following gallbladder removal, a person may need to avoid:

• whole milk
• full fat yogurt
• full fat cheese
• butter
• cream
• ice cream
• creamy sauces and dressings

Including more of certain foods in the diet can be helpful following gallbladder removal. People can focus on eating the types of foods below.

Lean protein

People who eat meat can choose low fat cuts to avoid eating too much fat. Some examples of low fat protein sources include:

• chicken or turkey breast
• fish and seafood
• legumes
• nuts and seeds, but only in small amounts, as they are high in fat

High fiber foods

High fiber foods can help prevent constipation. However, people who no longer have a gallbladder should reintroduce high fiber foods to their diet slowly after surgery. High fiber foods to try include:

• whole grains
• fresh fruits and vegetables
• legumes and beans
• nuts and seeds
• bran cereals and oatmeal

Low fat dairy

Dairy products are a good source of calcium. If someone has to avoid full fat dairy after gallbladder removal, they can substitute low fat dairy products, such as skimmed milk or low fat yogurt. People can also get calcium from other foods, such as:

• leafy green vegetables
• legumes and pulses
• calcium-fortified milk alternatives
• sardines and canned salmon

According to a study in Nutrition & Diabetes, low fat products often contain more added sugar than full fat versions. A person can read the nutritional data on food packaging to check that they are not eating too much fat or added sugar.

Postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) is a term that doctors use to describe the gastrointestinal symptoms that people can develop after gallbladder removal. These symptoms include:

• fatty food intolerance
• nausea
• vomiting
• heartburn
• flatulence
• indigestion
• diarrhea
• jaundice
• intermittent stomach pain

The exact number of people who develop PCS after gallbladder removal is unclear, but estimates range from 5–30%. The symptoms may be a continuation of the symptoms that the person had before surgery, or they could be new.

Doctors treat PCS by identifying the cause of the symptoms and then prescribing medication or performing further surgery. In one study, 75% of people with PCS felt significant long-term relief from pain after treatment.

Although some symptoms, including diarrhea and gas, are common after gallbladder removal, a person should contact a doctor if they experience more severe symptoms, such as jaundice, swelling of the abdomen, vomiting, or high fever. These symptoms may require immediate medical attention.

Anyone who experiences PCS symptoms should also talk to a doctor. PCS requires an interprofessional approach, which may involve investigation by different specialists and consultants to discover the cause and determine the best treatment.

No single diet will work best for everyone who undergoes gallbladder removal. However, doctors generally advise that people avoid fatty foods and foods that can irritate the gut. Switching to low fat products and lean proteins while slowly introducing high fiber foods can help.

Some people may be able to go back to their original diet by gradually reintroducing foods one at a time and monitoring the effects. For others, though, some dietary changes may be permanent.

If a person has new or persistent symptoms after gallbladder removal, they should see a doctor.

Nutrition in the first days after removal of the gallbladder

In this article we will talk about what should be the food in the first days after the removal of the gallbladder.

Cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder. This procedure is necessary when detecting gallstones, chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder cancer and other diseases.

The gallbladder is an organ located below the liver that stores and concentrates bile, a substance produced by the liver and essential for the digestion of fats in the intestines.

Cholecystectomy is performed by open or laparoscopic method. In the open method, a small incision is made in the abdomen through which the gallbladder is removed. The laparoscopic method uses several small incisions through which instruments and a camera are inserted to perform the manipulation.

There can be many reasons for removal of the gallbladder, including gallstone disease, chronic cholecystitis, gallbladder cancer, etc. After cholecystectomy, bile continues to be produced by the liver, only it is no longer collected in the gallbladder, but directly enters the intestine through the bile duct.

Cholecystectomy is a relatively safe procedure, but, like any surgical procedure, there may be risks and complications, such as bleeding, infection, damage to surrounding tissues, etc. Recovery after removal of the gallbladder may take several weeks, including restriction of physical activity and changes in diet .

After removal of the gallbladder, the bile is no longer so concentrated, and continuously enters the intestine, irritates its walls, causes diarrhea, constipation, dysbacteriosis. During the time until the liver is rebuilt and begins to secrete bile in portions, and this is at least 3-4 months, it is important to adjust the diet.

Therefore, after cholecystectomy, it is very important to monitor your diet and adhere to a certain diet in order to avoid discomfort and complications.

The first day after the operation, you can not eat or drink anything at all, nutrition should be provided parenterally, through a dropper.

On the second day, you can already drink no more than a liter of warm sparkling water. Then you can drink fruit compotes, low-fat kefir, but not more than 1.5 liters.

And only 3-4 days after the operation, you can carefully start eating food: mashed potatoes, baked or boiled fish, pumpkin or apple juice. But it is important to exclude any spices, sugar and salt, and the food temperature should not be higher than room temperature.

A week after cholecystectomy, you can add biscuits, cereals, mashed vegetables to the diet. Then, gradually, add new foods, and carefully monitor the reaction of the digestive system.

Nutrition after removal of the gallbladder should be balanced and contain all the necessary nutrients. It is recommended to consume easily digestible foods such as cereals, vegetables and fruits. In addition, foods that can cause gas such as beans, peas, cabbage, broccoli, peppers, etc. should be avoided.

It is important to drink enough fluids to avoid dehydration. It is recommended to drink at least 1.5-2 liters of water per day. In addition, in the first days after the operation, alcohol and smoking should be avoided, as this can slow down the recovery process of the body.

After removal of the gallbladder, patients are advised to eat small meals 5-6 times a day. This will help the digestive system cope with the load and reduce the risk of discomfort.

It is important to consume enough protein to maintain healthy muscles and tissues. Good sources of protein are meat, fish and seafood, eggs, cottage cheese, cheese, legumes.

In addition, it is necessary to consume enough vitamins and minerals to maintain the health of the body. Their sources are fruits, vegetables, herbs, berries, nuts and seeds.

In the first days after surgery, patients are advised to avoid heavy physical exertion and stress. You need to rest and avoid unnecessary activity to give the body time to recover.

Nutrition after gallbladder removal plays an important role in the recovery process of the body. It is recommended to follow a certain diet after surgery, which will help to avoid discomfort and complications. In case of any problems, you should consult a doctor.

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How to live fully without a gallbladder

When salo is a cult product, and dumplings are eaten with cracklings and peasant sour cream, it is not surprising that after 35 years the word “cholecystectomy” appears in the medical records of Ukrainians. Remove the gallbladder for various reasons, but mostly because of the stones. They can have a different nature and origin, but most often appear from malnutrition. From fatty foods and cholesterol, the composition of bile changes, the outflow becomes more difficult. Gallstones form. After a turning point – when such a pebble clogs the duct, causes pain and leads the patient to surgery – the gallbladder is removed.

Why do we need bile

Fat does not dissolve in water – an axiom. Man is mainly water, and all processes in cells take place in aqueous solutions. Therefore, in order for food fats to be digested, they must be broken down into small drops. This is the mission of bile in the process of digestion.

Bile is secreted by the liver. Together with bile, all the toxins that were there for neutralization come out. In order to break fat into droplets as efficiently as possible, bile accumulates in the sac – the gallbladder, and is released into the intestine only when necessary – when the next portion of food arrives. This is the easiest way for the body to deal with the fats in the food consumed.

How digestion will change after removal of the gallbladder

Bile will continue to be secreted by the liver, but there will be no place to collect it. A serving of fatty foods will not be processed properly. But our body is very flexible, and relatively quickly the liver will adapt to secrete bile in proportion to needs. If you help her with this – eat small portions of warm, mostly pureed food – you will not notice any changes or inconveniences.

How to eat during the first days after surgery

A person without a gallbladder can live a full life with reasonable dietary restrictions. Of course, immediately after the operation, it is necessary to follow a diet, but after six months, you can start eating regular healthy food.

Advice from Healthy: We traditionally view therapeutic diets as restrictions. And when the doctor lists the forbidden “sweets” – it seems that the world has turned upside down. In fact, it’s much easier to stick to a healthy diet if you focus on what’s allowed. Therefore, immediately after the removal of the gallbladder, you can create a menu of the following products:0043
– vegetables and fruits, the first few weeks in the form of a smoothie;
– low-fat varieties of fish, boil for a couple;
– boiled meat;
– whole grain cereals;
– Healthy vegetable oils.

How to form a diet one year after surgery

Eat healthy foods – whole grains (cereals, bran bread), proteins (eggs, lean meats, legumes), vegetables and fruits, dairy products, healthy oils (linseed, sesame, pumpkin seed oil, milk thistle oil, etc.). Try to eat more often – plan 5-6 small meals a day instead of a hearty breakfast and a heavy dinner. Try to keep food (especially those containing fat) warm – cold fat is much more difficult to break into small droplets suitable for digestion.

How to avoid recurrences

The absence of a gallbladder does not exclude the recurrence of gallstones.