What is upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. How do doctors perform this procedure. What are the potential risks and side effects of gastroenterology endoscopy. How should patients prepare for an upper GI endoscopy. What can patients expect during and after the procedure.

Understanding Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Definition and Purpose

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is a medical procedure that allows doctors to examine the lining of the upper digestive tract. This includes the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The procedure is performed using an endoscope, which is a flexible tube equipped with a camera and light source.

Gastroenterologists, surgeons, or other trained healthcare professionals typically perform upper GI endoscopies. The procedure is often carried out while the patient receives light sedation to ensure comfort and relaxation.

Alternative Names for Upper GI Endoscopy

Upper GI endoscopy is known by several other names in the medical community:

• Endoscopy
• Upper endoscopy
• EGD
• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

These terms are used interchangeably, but they all refer to the same diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.

Indications for Upper GI Endoscopy: When Is It Necessary?

Doctors may recommend an upper GI endoscopy for various reasons, primarily to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the upper digestive tract. Some common indications include:

• Persistent heartburn
• Unexplained bleeding in the digestive tract
• Chronic nausea and vomiting
• Abdominal pain or discomfort
• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Unexplained weight loss

Upper GI endoscopy can help identify a wide range of diseases and conditions. It is particularly useful in diagnosing:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Ulcers in the stomach or duodenum
• Inflammatory conditions such as esophagitis or gastritis
• Celiac disease
• Barrett’s esophagus
• Cancers of the upper GI tract

In addition to its diagnostic capabilities, upper GI endoscopy can also be used to perform various therapeutic procedures.

Therapeutic Applications of Upper GI Endoscopy

During an upper GI endoscopy, doctors can:

• Treat bleeding from ulcers or other sources
• Dilate strictures using small balloons
• Remove foreign objects lodged in the upper GI tract
• Remove polyps or other growths
• Place feeding tubes or drainage tubes

In recent years, some doctors have begun using upper GI endoscopy to perform weight loss procedures for certain patients with obesity.

Preparing for an Upper GI Endoscopy: Essential Steps for Patients

Proper preparation is crucial for a successful upper GI endoscopy. Patients should follow these important steps:

Discuss Medical History and Medications

Before the procedure, it’s essential to have a thorough discussion with your doctor about your medical history. This includes:

• Current medical conditions and symptoms
• Allergies
• All prescribed and over-the-counter medications
• Vitamins and supplements you’re taking

Your doctor may advise you to adjust or temporarily stop certain medications before the endoscopy. It’s crucial to follow these instructions carefully.

Fasting Requirements

To ensure a clear view of your upper GI tract, your doctor will likely ask you to fast for up to 8 hours before the procedure. This typically means no food or drink, including water, during this period.

Transportation Arrangements

Due to the sedatives used during the procedure, you won’t be able to drive for 24 hours afterward. It’s important to arrange for someone to drive you home after the endoscopy.

The Upper GI Endoscopy Procedure: What to Expect

Upper GI endoscopies are typically performed in a hospital or outpatient center. Here’s what you can expect during the procedure:

1. You’ll receive a sedative through an IV to help you relax. In some cases, the procedure may be done without sedation.
2. You may be given a liquid to gargle or a spray to numb your throat and prevent gagging.
3. You’ll lie on your side on an exam table.
4. The doctor will carefully guide the endoscope down your esophagus and into your stomach and duodenum.
5. A small camera on the endoscope will send images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to examine the lining of your upper GI tract.
6. Air may be pumped into your stomach and duodenum to improve visibility.

During the procedure, the doctor may take tissue samples (biopsies), stop any bleeding, or perform other necessary procedures. The entire process typically takes between 15 and 30 minutes.

Post-Procedure Care and Recovery: What Patients Should Know

After an upper GI endoscopy, patients can expect the following:

• A 1-2 hour stay at the hospital or outpatient center for the sedative to wear off
• Rest at home for the remainder of the day
• Possible bloating or nausea for a short time
• A sore throat that may last for 1-2 days
• Resumption of normal diet once swallowing returns to normal

Patients or their caregivers will receive specific instructions on post-procedure care. It’s crucial to follow these instructions carefully for a smooth recovery.

Potential Risks and Side Effects of Upper GI Endoscopy

While upper GI endoscopy is generally considered a safe procedure, like any medical intervention, it carries some risks. Understanding these potential complications is important for patients:

Common Side Effects

• Mild throat discomfort
• Bloating or gas
• Nausea
• Temporary difficulty swallowing

These side effects are usually mild and resolve on their own within a day or two.

Rare but Serious Complications

Although uncommon, more serious complications can occur:

• Bleeding, especially if a biopsy was performed or a polyp was removed
• Perforation (a tear in the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum)
• Adverse reaction to the sedative
• Infection

Patients should contact their healthcare provider immediately if they experience severe abdominal pain, fever, difficulty swallowing, or signs of bleeding after the procedure.

Interpreting Results: Understanding Your Upper GI Endoscopy Findings

After the upper GI endoscopy, your doctor will discuss the findings with you. The results can be categorized as follows:

Immediate Results

Some findings can be observed directly during the procedure, such as:

• Presence of inflammation or ulcers
• Structural abnormalities
• Visible growths or tumors

Your doctor may be able to provide preliminary information about these findings immediately after the procedure.

Biopsy Results

If tissue samples were taken during the endoscopy, they will be sent to a laboratory for analysis. Biopsy results typically take several days to a week to become available. These results can provide crucial information about:

• Presence of H. pylori bacteria
• Signs of celiac disease
• Indications of Barrett’s esophagus
• Presence of cancerous or precancerous cells

Your doctor will schedule a follow-up appointment to discuss these results and any necessary treatment plans.

Advances in Upper GI Endoscopy: New Technologies and Techniques

The field of gastroenterology is constantly evolving, with new technologies and techniques enhancing the capabilities of upper GI endoscopy. Some recent advancements include:

Narrow Band Imaging (NBI)

NBI is a visual enhancement technology that improves the visibility of blood vessels and mucosal structures. This can help in the early detection of abnormalities such as:

• Precancerous lesions
• Early-stage cancers
• Inflammatory changes

Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy

This technology allows for real-time, microscopic imaging of the GI tract during endoscopy. It can provide cellular-level details, potentially reducing the need for traditional biopsies in some cases.

Artificial Intelligence in Endoscopy

AI-assisted endoscopy is an emerging field that holds promise for:

• Improved detection of polyps and lesions
• More accurate classification of findings
• Standardization of endoscopic assessments

These advancements are enhancing the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of upper GI endoscopy, potentially leading to earlier detection and more effective treatment of GI conditions.

Patient Education: Maximizing the Benefits of Upper GI Endoscopy

Educating patients about upper GI endoscopy can significantly improve their experience and the procedure’s outcomes. Here are some key points for patients to remember:

Open Communication with Healthcare Providers

Patients should feel comfortable asking questions and expressing concerns about the procedure. Important topics to discuss include:

• The specific reasons for recommending the endoscopy
• Expected benefits and potential risks
• Alternative diagnostic or treatment options, if any
• Details about the sedation process

Adherence to Preparation Instructions

Following preparation instructions carefully is crucial for a successful endoscopy. This includes:

• Fasting as directed
• Adjusting medications as advised by the doctor
• Arranging for transportation after the procedure

Post-Procedure Care

Understanding and following post-procedure instructions is essential for a smooth recovery. Patients should:

• Rest as recommended
• Gradually return to normal diet as instructed
• Monitor for any unusual symptoms and report them promptly
• Attend follow-up appointments to discuss results and further treatment plans

By actively participating in their care and following medical advice, patients can help ensure the best possible outcomes from their upper GI endoscopy.

Upper GI Endoscopy | NIDDK

On this page:

What is upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy?

Upper GI endoscopy is a procedure in which a doctor uses an endoscope—a flexible tube with a camera—to see the lining of your upper GI tract. A gastroenterologist, surgeon, or other trained health care professional performs the procedure, most often while you receive light sedation to help you relax.

Does upper GI endoscopy have another name?

Healthcare professionals may also call the procedure endoscopy, upper endoscopy, EGD or esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Why do doctors use upper GI endoscopy?

Doctors use upper GI endoscopy to help diagnose and treat symptoms and conditions that affect the esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine or duodenum.

Upper GI endoscopy can help find the cause of unexplained symptoms, such as

• persistent heartburn
• bleeding
• nausea and vomiting
• pain
• problems swallowing
• unexplained weight loss

Upper GI endoscopy can be used to identify many different diseases:

Upper GI endoscopy can check for damage after a person eats or drinks harmful chemicals.

During upper GI endoscopy, a doctor obtains biopsies by passing an instrument through the endoscope to obtain a small piece of tissue for testing. Biopsies are needed to diagnose conditions such as

Doctors also use upper GI endoscopy to

• treat conditions such as bleeding from ulcers, esophageal varices, or other conditions
• dilate or open up strictures with a small balloon passed through the endoscope
• remove objects, including food, that may be stuck in the upper GI tract
• remove polyps or other growths
• place feeding tubes or drainage tubes

Doctors are also starting to use upper GI endoscopy to perform weight loss procedures for some people with obesity.

How do I prepare for an upper GI endoscopy?

Talk with your doctor

You should talk with your doctor about your medical history, including medical conditions and symptoms you have, allergies, and all prescribed and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and supplements you take, including

Before endoscopy, talk to your doctor about your medical history.

You can take most medicines as usual, but you may need to adjust or stop some medicines for a short time before your upper GI endoscopy. Your doctor will tell you about any necessary changes to your medicines before the procedure.

Arrange for a ride home

For safety reasons, you can’t drive for 24 hours after the procedure, as the sedatives used during the procedure need time to wear off. You will need to make plans for getting a ride home after the procedure.

Do not eat or drink before the procedure

To see your upper GI tract clearly, your doctor will most likely ask you not to eat or drink up to 8 hours before the procedure.

How do doctors perform an upper GI endoscopy?

A doctor performs an upper GI endoscopy in a hospital or an outpatient center. Before the procedure, you will likely get a sedative or a medicine to help you stay relaxed and comfortable during the procedure. The sedative will be given to you through an intravenous (IV) needle in your arm. In some cases, the procedure can be done without getting a sedative. You may also be given a liquid medicine to gargle or a spray to numb your throat and help prevent you from gagging during the procedure. The health care staff will monitor your vital signs and keep you as comfortable as possible.

You’ll be asked to lie on your side on an exam table. The doctor will carefully pass the endoscope down your esophagus and into your stomach and duodenum. A small camera mounted on the endoscope will send a video image to a monitor, allowing close examination of the lining of your upper GI tract. The endoscope pumps air into your stomach and duodenum, making them easier to see.

During the upper GI endoscopy, the doctor may

• take small samples of tissue, cells, or fluid in your upper GI tract for testing.
• stop any bleeding.
• perform other procedures, such as opening up strictures.

The upper GI endoscopy most often takes between 15 and 30 minutes. The endoscope does not interfere with your breathing, and many people fall asleep during the procedure.

What should I expect after an upper GI endoscopy?

After an upper GI endoscopy, you can expect the following:

• to stay at the hospital or outpatient center for 1 to 2 hours after the procedure so the sedative can wear off
• to rest at home for the rest of the day
• bloating or nausea for a short time after the procedure
• a sore throat for 1 to 2 days
• to go back to your normal diet once your swallowing returns to normal

After the procedure, you—or a friend or family member who is with you if you’re still groggy—will receive instructions on how to care for yourself when you are home. You should follow all instructions.

Some results from an upper GI endoscopy are available right away. Your doctor will share these results with you or, if you choose, with your friend or family member. A pathologist will examine the samples of tissue, cells, or fluid that were taken to help make a diagnosis. Biopsy results take a few days or longer to come back. The pathologist will send a report to your health care professional to discuss with you.

What are the risks of an upper G.I. endoscopy?

Upper GI endoscopy is considered a safe procedure. The risks of complications from an upper GI endoscopy are low, but may include

• bleeding from the site where the doctor took the tissue samples or removed a polyp
• perforation in the lining of your upper GI tract
• an abnormal reaction to the sedative, including breathing or heart problems

Bleeding caused by the procedure often is minor and stops without treatment. Serious complications such as perforation are uncommon. Your doctor may need to perform surgery to treat some complications. Your doctor can also treat an abnormal reaction to a sedative with medicines or IV fluids during or after the procedure.

Seek Care Right Away

If you have any of the following symptoms after an upper GI endoscopy, seek medical care right away:

• chest pain
• problems breathing
• problems swallowing or throat pain that gets worse
• vomiting—particularly if your vomit is bloody or looks like coffee grounds
• pain in your abdomen that gets worse
• bloody or black, tar-colored stool
• fever

Gastroenterology: Endoscopy Services | Beverly Hospital

Endoscopy Service 

Gastroenterology (GI) is a premier service of Beverly and
Addison Gilbert hospitals offering consultation and comprehensive
care for individuals with diseases of the esophagus, bowel, liver
and pancreas, as well as gastrointestinal infections, gallstones,
nutritional disorders, and other disorders of the digestive system.
Our staff of gastrointestinal specialists is comparable in
expertise and experience to those found in Boston, and are
committed to bringing the latest advances in GI care to the North
Shore. This affords residents of the North Shore the opportunity to
have all their GI needs met locally. There is no need to travel to
Boston for this level of expertise. 

Endoscopy Suite

Most GI studies and procedures are performed on an outpatient
basis in Beverly Hospital’s state-of-the-art Endoscopy Suite. The
Endoscopy Suite offers a welcoming and comfortable environment for
patients and supports our GI providers with the latest technology
for a variety of procedures. The following are a few of the
procedures. 

| Capsule
Endoscopy | Endoscopic ultrasound | Transeophageal echocardiogram |
| Gastroscopy | Colonoscopy | Manomety | pH Study |

| Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography
(ERCP) | 

Endoscopy procedures are performed for patients suffering from
stomach or intestinal problems. During an endoscopy, a doctor
inserts a lighted, flexible tube called an endoscope into a natural
body opening. A camera in the endoscope allows the doctor to
examine inside the patient’s body without invasive surgery. Many
people know about colonoscopy, an examination of the entire colon
and gastroscopy, a visual examination of the stomach. 

• Capsule endoscopy is a
  painless diagnostic procedure largely used to detect disorders of
  the small bowel such as bleeding, inflammatory bowel disease, and
  cancer. The procedure involves swallowing a vitamin-sized video
  capsule equipped with its own camera and light source. As the
  capsule is ingested and travels through the small bowel, digital
  images are taken at a rate of two-per-second in order to detect any
  abnormalities. Up to 60,000 images are taken during the course of
  the study. The images are transmitted to a data recorder, which
  individuals wear on a belt for approximately eight hours.
  Gastroenterologists then view the images looking for and marking
  abnormalities requiring further study or treatment. Capsule
  endoscopy requires little patient prep and virtually no side
  effects. The capsule passes out of the body naturally.




• Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) offers
  the opportunity to diagnose and stage abnormalities in the
  esophagus, stomach, and pancreas by obtaining specimens via fine
  needle aspiration. It is one of the most accurate tests to
  determine the stage of cancers of the gastrointestinal system. A
  slender, tube-like endoscope is inserted either through the
  esophagus or rectum. An ultrasound transducer at the end of the
  scope produces sound waves that create digital, high-resolution
  images. In addition to the ability to see the cancerous area in
  detail, EUS allows the gastroenterologist to collect cell or fluid
  samples using a needle at the end of the scope. EUS is also used to
  diagnose and monitor non-cancerous conditions such as pancreatitis
  and gallstones.




• Transeophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
  is performed by a cardiologist using a flexible scope inserted into
  the esophagus to detect blood clots in heart chambers and to assess
  defects in blood flow.




• Gastroscopy is a
  test that involves examining the lining of the esophagus, stomach,
  and upper small intestine with a small camera which is inserted
  down the throat. This test is helpful in determining the cause of
  internal bleeding, swallowing difficulties or abdominal pain. The
  condition of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine after an
  operation may be determined via gastroscopy, as well as the
  presence of tumors or other abnormalities of the stomach, small
  intestine or esophagus.




• Colonoscopy is used to
  look for early signs of cancer in the colon and rectum. It is also
  used to diagnose the causes of unexplained changes in bowel habits.
  If anything abnormal is seen in the colon, such as a polyp or
  inflamed tissue, the physician can remove all or part of it using
  tiny instruments passed through the scope. If there is bleeding in
  the colon, the physician can pass a laser, heater probe or
  electrical probe, or inject special medications through the scope
  to stop the bleeding.




• Endoscopic retrograde
  cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) is done in the Radiology
  Department, assisted by the endoscopy staff. It allows removal of
  gallstones and placement of stents in bile and pancreatic ducts to
  relieve obstruction. Instruments are threaded through the channels
  of the scopes and into the ducts. ERCP is one of the most
  challenging but rewarding procedures because a patient’s condition
  improves rapidly with this intervention.




• Manometry is a study performed by nursing staff to
  assess abnormalities in contractions of the esophagus and lower
  esophageal sphincter pressures. The procedure is useful in
  diagnosing conditions in patients complaining of chest pain or
  difficulty swallowing.




• In pH
  studies, a catheter is placed into the esophagus to determine
  if the esophagus has been exposed to acid and for how long.

The endoscopy staff are highly trained and dedicated to patient
care. Nurses are required to become experts in moderate sedation
medications and develop the technical skills to care for a variety
of patients with many different disease processes. 

Endoscopy procedures are performed at Addison Gilbert and
Beverly hospitals. For any of these procedures, patients need to be
referred by their physician.

Gastroenterology/ Endoscopy – Richmond University Medical Center

Ambulatory Center & G.I./Endoscopy Services in Staten Island, NY   

The Ambulatory Center & G.I./Endoscopy Suites at Richmond University Medical Center provide full-service ambulatory G.I. services for children and adults. Each year, thousands of procedures are performed by our experienced physicians, nurses and technicians. Our six state-of-the-art procedure rooms contain the most up-to-date diagnostic and treatment equipment available, including sophisticated monitoring equipment for your safety.

Our Physicians

Richmond University Medical Center has a vast number of gastroenterologists and surgeons who provide comprehensive treatment for G.I. and digestive diseases. Our physicians are board certified and have significant experience in the full spectrum of patient care. 

Wallen Chan, M.D., Gastroenterology
Keith Dahl, D.O., Gastroenterology                                                                                  
Magda Daoud, M.D. Gastroenterology
Richard Fazio, M.D., Gastroenterology
Manuel Gonzalez, MD, Gastroenterology
Jeffrey Kalman, M.D, Gastroenterology
Fanny Kasher, M.D., Surgery
George J. Kuczabski, MD, Surgery
Sunil Patel, MD, Gastroenterology
Lance Jung, MD, Surgery
Loren Harris, MD, Surgery
Joseph Roberts, M.D., Gastroenterology
Frederick Sabido, M.D., Surgery
Deepak Vadada, M.D., Gastroenterology
Prasanna Wickremesinghe, M.D., Gastroenterology
Constantine Yiachos, M.D, Gastroenterology
Simon S. Rabinowitz, MD, Gastroenterology, Pediatrics
Jiliu Xu, MD, Gastroenterology, Pediatrics

Our Services

• Screening Services: The American Cancer Society suggests regular cancer screening for individuals over 50 years of age. We provide screening services and work with the community to promote wellness.
• G.I. Endoscopy:  In this simple procedure, a thin tube with a tiny light and miniature video camera is inserted to survey each part of the digestive system.
• EGD or Upper Endoscopy:  This provides the same diagnostic tool for the physician, starting from the esophagus.
• Barrett’s Esophagus Evaluation (NEW): As a result of acid reflux, a patient may develop a complication know as Barrett’s esophagus. RUMC has the latest technology to evaluate and diagnose this condition and prescribe treatment.
• Bronchoscopy: The Suite is also equipped to perform a diagnostic bronchoscopy to evaluate advanced pulmonary disease.
• Colonoscopy/Sigmoidoscopy: This examination of the large bowel and part of the small bowel uses a camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus to identify ulceration, polyps or suspicious lesions.
• Surgical Intervention: Our surgical team performs routine and complex surgical procedures to successfully treat and correct any G.I. and digestive disease identified.

On the Day of Your Visit

When you enter the suite, you will be greeted by the receptionist and asked to complete some paperwork. Our professional nursing staff will escort you to your assigned waiting area and then bring you to one of the procedure rooms. To ensure your safety, our staff will ask you several times for your name and date of birth.

Most procedures are brief. After your vital signs are obtained and you have a brief snack, your visit is concluded. Your physician will receive a final report including images that same day.

For your safety, we require a friend or family member to escort you home. 

To make an appointment or arrange a tour of our new facility, contact us at (718)-818-3290.

Endoscopy | Wilson Medical Center

How to prepare for a colonoscopy:

A colonoscopy is an exam that looks for growth and abnormalities in the large intestine (colon) and the rectum. During a colonoscopy, the doctor uses a long, flexible tube with a camera to view the inside of the colon and examine it for any abnormalities. 

Your doctor will provide you with instructions regarding diet and prep before your procedure. General instructions include:

• Your colonoscopy prep, either a prescribed oral laxative or liquid solution, will begin on the day prior to your procedure to help clear your digestive tract which gives your doctor a better view.
• On the day before your procedure, you may have a light breakfast or clear liquids only (water, strained fruit juices, etc.). 
  • Do NOT:
    • drink milk
    • eat or drink anything colored red or purple
    • drink alcohol

• Your doctor will provide detailed instructions at your consultation.

Our GI Specialists

Chris Gal, MD

Wilson Gastroenterology

Mamun Shahrier, MD, PhD, FACP

Wilson Gastroenterology

Brittany Fulghum, MSN, AGNP-C

Wilson Gastroenterology

Endoscopy/Gastroenterology | Cooley Dickinson Hospital

Pre-procedural Coronavirus Testing:

CLICK HERE FOR COVID-19 TESTING INFORMATION

At Cooley Dickinson Hospital, patients benefit from a dedicated Endoscopy Center and an expert nursing staff. Each week we perform over a hundred endoscopy procedures that help detect and screen for colon cancer, diagnose gastrointestinal problems, treat ulcers, find and remove polyps, as well as treat and diagnose other diseases and disorders. Many of the procedures in our Endoscopy Center require sedation, and we have a skilled anesthesia team to assist with procedures. Commonly performed procedures include:

• Upper G.I. endoscopy
• Colonoscopy
• Polypectomies
• Flexible sigmoidoscopy
• Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) – endoscopic imaging of the liver, pancreas, bile ducts and gallbladder
• Bronchoscopy

The center features four procedure rooms and twelve admission and recovery bays that provide privacy and comfort for patients. Our technology and equipment help gastroenterologists and pulmonologists perform procedures accurately and efficiently.

Endoscopic and gastroenterology-related procedures are performed by physicians and associates from Hampshire Gastroenterology, LLC, a Florence, Mass.-based practice led by a core of experienced specialists:

Joseph P. Tassoni, Jr., MD

David A. Berkman, MD

David R. Kalman, MD

Michal Ganz, MD

Vikram Budhraja, MD

In addition, bronchial procedures are performed under the direction of critical care pulmonologists:

Charles Dumont

Jay Fleitman

David Serlin

Tonbira Zaman

Other procedures are performed by our surgeons:

Holly Michaelson

Ron Miller

Our physicians have extensive experience in treating ulcers, diverticulitis, Crohn’s disease, hepatitis, hiatal hernias, hemorrhoids, Irritable bowel syndrome, colon cancer, celiac disease, diarrhea, constipation, acid reflux, bile ducts, Barrett’s esophagus, gallstones, hepatitis and many other common and complex issues of the digestive tract and auxiliary organ systems.

Call your primary care provider to arrange a referral/make an appointment for a procedure.

GI & Endoscopy

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Endoscopy: Purpose, Procedure, Risks

Endoscopy is a nonsurgical procedure used to examine a person’s digestive tract. Using an endoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera attached to it, your doctor can view pictures of your digestive tract on a color TV monitor.

During an upper endoscopy, an endoscope is easily passed through the mouth and throat and into the esophagus, allowing the doctor to view the esophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine.

Similarly, endoscopes can be passed into the large intestine (colon) through the rectum to examine this area of the intestine. This procedure is called sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy depending on how far up the colon is examined.

A special form of endoscopy called endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography, or ERCP, allows pictures of the pancreas, gallbladder, and related structures to be taken. ERCP is also used for stent placement and biopsies.

Endoscopic ultrasound or EUS combines upper endoscopy and ultrasound examination to obtain images and information about various parts of the digestive tract.

Why Do I Need an Endoscopy?

Doctors will often recommend endoscopy to evaluate:

In addition, your doctor may use an endoscope to take a biopsy (removal of tissue) to look for the presence of disease.

Endoscopy may also be used to treat a digestive tract problem. For example, the endoscope might not only detect active bleeding from an ulcer, but devices can be passed through the endoscope that can stop the bleeding. In the colon, polyps can be removed through the scope to prevent the development of colon cancer.

Also, using ERCP, gallstones that have passed outside the gallbladder and into the bile duct can often be removed.

Is Endoscopy Safe?

Overall, endoscopy is very safe; however, the procedure does have a few potential complications, which may include:

• Perforation (tear in the gut wall)
• Reaction to sedation
• Infection
• Bleeding
• Pancreatitis as a result of ERCP

Who Performs Endoscopy?

Your internist or family doctor may perform sigmoidoscopy in their office. However, all of the other endoscopy procedures are usually performed by gastroenterology specialists (gastroenterologists). Other specialists such as gastrointestinal surgeons also can perform many of these procedures.

How Do I Prepare for Endoscopy?

Gut Preparation. Examining the upper digestive tract (upper endoscopy or ERCP) requires nothing more than fasting for 6-8 hours prior to the procedure. To examine the colon, it must be cleared of stool. Therefore, a laxative or group of laxatives is given on the day before the procedure.

Sedation. For most examinations with an endoscope, a sedative is provided. This increases the comfort of the individual undergoing the examination. The sedative, which is administered via an injection into the vein, produces relaxation and light sleep. There are usually few if any recollections of the procedure. Patients wake up within an hour, but the effects of the medicines are more prolonged, so it is not safe to drive until the next day.

General anesthesia (puts you totally asleep for a period of time) is given in only very special circumstances (in young children, and when very complex procedures are planned).

90,000 Gastro center. Clinic of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy

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The gastro center –professional endoscopy and clinical gastroenterology clinic. It is a specialized
Gastroenterology medical center. There are specialists (endoscopists,
gastroenterologists, specialists in ultrasonography, surgeons, oncologists,
anesthesiologists, laboratory diagnosticians).In our clinic for one day You
will be able to pass a full endoscopic examination and immediately after the
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consultations immediately after the examination are made by doctors-candidates
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Screening for precancerous lesions created in line
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prevention of disease (preventive medicine, screening or Check -up ), in the treatment
of diseases and just enjoy a visit to the doctors.

In the gastro center You can pass all types of endoscopic examinations: gastroscopy, colonoscopy, capsule endoscopy, a bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, to install the intragastric balloon, remove the polyps and get all types of operations using flexible endoscope (“surgery without incision”). As a rule, gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy is performed in sedation that allows you to pass this unpleasant procedure without any discomfort and pain with precision and safely.One day, at the same time, it is possible to perform several endoscopic investigations (e.g. gastroscopy and colonoscopy, bronchoscopy). Important for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment is the combination of one physician endoscopist (he performs gastroscopy) and a gastroenterologist who treats further of the same patient the same day. Perform all types of laboratory tests and ultrasonography. In GASTROCENTER widespread program of promotions and discounts, we try to approach each situation.

If the work of the clinic was taken of all. It is well known to all, unfortunately, the shortcomings of government hospitals and private clinics in Russia and abroad. Not depend on the percentage of referrals to related professionals, unnecessary in certain situations expensive tests and additional tests, to avoid bureaucracy, indifference, irresponsibility, queues, and fictional diseases – this is the goal that has been achieved. Using all the advantages and benefits of medicine developed countries, the Russian private and public medicine, gastro center works to engage professionally with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

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Please clarify the cost of service administrators of the clinic on the phone: (495) 233-71-03, (495) 233-00-14, (495) 233-00-83. The
schedule of work of doctors-specialists check with the clinic administrators. Reception is conducted by appointment. The reviews about our center you can leave any feedback about medical facilities, comments and suggestions on the clinic You can leave info @ gastrocenter.pro You can also contact the quality control Department by e-mail: [email protected]

Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy

BASIC DATA

PROVIDED DESTINATIONS AND SERVICES:

• Gastrointestinal endoscopy
• Advanced Endoluminal Surgery
• Endoscopy of the pancreatobiliary zone
• Digestive Physiopathology
• Individualized medicine
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Outpatient services and consultations:
  • Esophageal dysfunctions and achalasia
  • Precancerous conditions of the digestive tract
  • Consultation of a Geneticist on Rectum, Stomach and Pancreatic Cancer
  • Functional disorders of the digestive system

NUMBER OF PROCEDURES PERFORMED (PER YEAR): 11,000

The Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy of Ospedale San Raffaele is considered one of the most important centers for research and advanced therapeutic endoscopy worldwide; it performs the largest number of transoral fundoplication operations for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Europe.It is a center of excellence with the highest rates of early diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases and tumors in Italy. It is the regional base for diseases such as celiac disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The department also offers the widest range of diagnostic and operational endoscopic procedures in Italy. In addition, the Individualized Medicine division specializes in the study and creation of an individualized prevention and treatment plan for first-line relatives of patients with bowel, stomach and pancreatic cancer.The goal of this program is to assess the risk of developing a tumor and then propose diagnostic pathways for prevention.

TREATMENT

Endoscopy of the digestive tract

The department performs diagnostic and operational endoscopic procedures of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, colon, biliary tract and pancreatic ducts. For diagnostics and operational manipulations, wards with autonomous X-ray equipment are used.The procedures can be performed under deep sedation and anesthesia.

The department carries out the following types of examinations and procedures:

• Diagnostic endoscopy of the digestive system
• Operational endoscopy of the digestive system
• Endoluminal surgery
• Video capsule enteroscopy

Endoluminal surgery

Main Pathologies to be Treated:

• Colorectal and gastroduodenal adenoma and non-invasive cancer
• Barrett’s esophagus and non-invasive esophageal cancer
• Ampullary adenoma / early cancer
• Submucosal lesions
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Achalasia and spastic disorders of the motor function of the esophagus
• Gastroparesis
• Morbid obesity
• Gastrointestinal fistulas / strictures
• Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia and bleeding

Therapeutic procedures

Basic procedures:

• Endoscopic submucosal dissection (EPD)
• Endoscopic mucosal resection (ERS)
• Full wall resection
• Ampulectomy
• Transoral non-contact fundoplication
• Oral esophageal myotomy (POMP)
• Oral pyloromyotomy
• RF / Argon ablation
• Bariatric Therapeutic Endoscopy
• Endoluminal stenting
• Regenerative Medicine
• Advanced Suturing Techniques

Therapeutic endoscopy of the pancreatobiliary area

Main Pathologies to be Treated:

• Acute recurrent pancreatitis
• Complications of acute pancreatitis
• Chronic pancreatitis and complications
• Cholelithiasis and complications
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis
• Neoplastic diseases

Personalized medicine

Our department has initiated a multidisciplinary program for the assessment of susceptibility to hereditary cancer syndromes of the digestive tract based on clinical models and molecular genetics.The team of doctors consists of gastroenterologists, geneticists, gastroenterologists and pancreatologists, gynecologists, urologists, chemotherapists and clinical laboratory diagnostics doctors. In one visit, patients receive advice from a gastroenterologist and a geneticist.

Anamnestic data are compared with available medical reports to confirm cancer and its histological type, and then compared with clinical criteria.

Main Pathologies to be Treated:

• Lynch Syndrome
• Familial adenomatous polyposis and its variations (attenuated adenomatous polyposis, aFAP, MUTYH-associated polyposis, MAP, Gardner’s syndrome, Turkot’s syndrome)
• Familial juvenile polyposis
• Sawtooth polyposis syndrome
• Cowden’s syndrome
• Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
• Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer
• Familial pancreatic cancer
• Hereditary pancreatic cancer
• Familial atypical multiple melanoma syndrome
• Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer
• Early intestinal, pancreatic and gastric adenocarcinoma

The risk of developing Lynch syndrome is investigated using the Colorectal Cancer Risk Assessment Tool by the method of Kastrinos et al., Consisting of three questions.If patients answer yes to any of the questions in the instrument, the PREMM 1,2,6 computational model estimates the likelihood of mutations in the genes responsible for base mismatch correction (MMR), namely MLh2, MSh3, and MSH6. In accordance with the latest recommendations, the removed colorectal tissue undergoes immunohistochemical analysis for MMR proteins (MLh2, MSh3, MSH6, PMS2) prior to genetic testing. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is diagnosed when criteria are met.Familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) is being investigated according to the criteria of Hruban et al. Genetic testing is offered to all patients who meet the above clinical criteria. The department uses next generation sequencing (NGS) on the MiSeq Illumina platform. The results are already known in the second consultation session, where individual follow-up and family prevention strategies can be discussed and agreed upon. The doctors of the department then agree on the prescribed procedures for follow-up: consultations with an endoscopist, urologist and gynecologist, preventive and preventive measures and, ultimately, surgical treatment according to the needs of the patients.

If direct surgery is indicated without neoadjuvant therapy, an interdisciplinary approach allows for record-breaking rapid genetic results – within 20 days. Rapid preparation of genetic findings allows for exploration of surgical options for patients.

Study of the peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract

Main Pathologies to be Treated:

• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Barrett’s Esophagus
• Achalasia
• Primary disorders of the motor function of the esophagus
• Gastroparesis
• Functional constipation
• Fecal incontinence
• Pelvic floor diseases

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

Basic procedures:

• pH-impedance of the esophagus within 24 hours
• High-resolution esophageal manometry
• Anorectal manometry
• Rehabilitation for pelvic floor diseases

MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT

• Advanced endoscopic imaging for the early diagnosis of precancerous gastrointestinal tract and early stage cancer:
• Ultrasonic surgical endostepler MEDIGUS (MUSE)
• Barrett epithelium thermoablation apparatus BARR X
• Argon plasma coagulation
• Apollo Endoscopic Stapler

QClinic Multidisciplinary Clinic | proctology, urology, gynecology, endoscopy

Proctology is a surgical specialty, and it closely intersects with gastroenterology , and our old dream, since the opening of our first project, “Doctor’s Office”, is to grow with a gastroenterological service.There are a lot of intersections in our work, for example, a philosophical question, which specialist should deal with the problem of chronic constipation? If constipation is not associated with organic pathology of the colon (tumors, polyps, etc.), then a gastroenterologist, but who should carry out the primary diagnosis? Obviously a proctologist and endoscopist. Anal itching seems to be a purely proctological pathology, but it is often associated with inflammatory and parasitic diseases of the colon, which the gastroenterologist deals with.There are many such intersections, and there are not always unambiguous solutions. Therefore, specialized clinics dealing with the problems of the gastrointestinal tract can only work effectively if both services are available, supplemented by endoscopy, ultrasound and laboratory diagnostics. We took all this into account when opening our new clinic, and in the QClinic , all this is implemented at the highest level.

What is gastroenterology?

Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).Patients are often not very clear, and when and to whom to contact with complaints related to the gastrointestinal tract: a proctologist (or more correctly a coloproctologist), a gastroenterologist or an endoscopist. Indeed, such difficulties are far from everywhere: in many European countries, gastroenterologists themselves carry out colono- and gastroscopy, which eliminates the need to consult an endoscopist, in some countries gastroenterologists are also involved in the treatment of hemorrhoids, but in principle there are no proctologists, and part of the pathology is managed by surgeons, etc.d.

When to see a gastroenterologist?

Fortunately or unfortunately, we live where we live, and in our country the distribution of medical specialties by nosological forms they deal with is exactly the same: if you want to undergo a gastro- or colonoscopy, a question to the endoscopist, if you are worried about bleeding, burning, pain, itching, prolapse or the presence of something unusual in the anus – a question to the proctologist, for other questions – to the gastroenterologist.And even this scheme is very, very approximate. If you have doubts about who to contact – call our administrators, their competence and experience is quite enough to advise which specialist it is better to start the examination with. A sample list of complaints in which it is better to start with a consultation with a gastroenterologist is given below:

• Frequent heartburn
• Frequent belching
• Unusual taste in the mouth
• Change the color of the tongue
• Skin discoloration
• Anemia of unknown etiology
• Stomach pain
• Flatulence
• Diarrhea
• Chronic constipation
• Unstable chair
• Mucus in stool
• Unusual stool color and consistency

Cost of services in the direction of Gastroenterology

• Appointment (examination, consultation) of a gastroenterologist, primary

  3 500

• Reception (examination, consultation) of a gastroenterologist based on test results within a month

  3,000

• Re-examination based on test results

  1 500

• Diet analysis

  700

Diseases

Main diseases dealt with by the gastroenterologist:

• Peptic ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer
• Gastroesophageal reflux
• Barrett’s disease
• Gastritis
• Biliary dyskinesia
• Cholecystitis
• Parasitic invasion
• Pancreatitis
• Colitis

Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment in gastroenterology

All modern diagnostic options for gastrointestinal diseases are available in our clinic:

• Gastroscopy and colonoscopy, including medication sleep
• All types of ultrasound diagnostics
• All types of laboratory diagnostics

Gastroenterology | KARL STORZ Endoskope

Three KARL STORZ SILVER SCOPE® gastroscopes cover the most common upper gastrointestinal procedures:

Firstly, a standard gastroscope for everyday use, and secondly, a medium-sized gastroscope with a reduced outer diameter for both standard and pediatric use and for stenosis.And finally, an interventional two-channel gastroscope for more complex surgical interventions, with severe bleeding or for emergency cases.

The unique duodenoscope has been further enhanced to meet hygiene requirements and is complemented by the sterile disposable Albarran module (HYDOME® system).

In the field of colonoscopy, KARL STORZ offers a wide range of lengths, from a 40 cm rectoscope to a sigmoidoscope, as well as standard length models.Graduated stiffness and progressive insertion characteristics of the working part of colonoscopes ensure optimal tube advancement.

All SILVER SCOPE® endoscopes have the following features:

• Three innovative imaging technologies for easy tissue identification:
  • CLARA: uniform illumination
  • CHROMA: contrast enhancement
  • SPECTRA: shift and replace the color spectrum
• Uniform image brightness
• LED lighting and air or carbon dioxide insufflation with CO2 light source MBI ^® LED
• Three programmable function buttons, individually configurable for nine functions
• Tilt up to 210 ° with a small bend radius for both gastroscopes and colonoscopes
• Full forward and backward compatibility with video processors and light sources from KARL STORZ
• Versatile use thanks to the modular platform IMAGE1 S ™

Endoscopy of the stomach under anesthesia: Gastroscopy FGDS and colonoscopy FKS

Endoscopy (literally – “examination from the inside”) originated as a diagnostic method.Modern equipment allows you to identify a lesion with a size of 1 mm and
specifically to obtain material for histological examination.

However, at present, thanks to the improvement of devices for endoscopic examination, it is possible to carry out not only diagnostic studies, but also to operate in the lumen of the examined organs, including radically removing tumors (both benign and malignant), while preserving the entire organ.

Endoscopic diagnostic methods: Colonoscopy and gastroscopy have become available in most medical institutions. With their help, specialists identify inflammatory diseases, ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, control the results of the treatment. Due to the availability, the number of detected gastrointestinal tract cancer in the early stages has increased, which makes it possible to start treatment in a timely manner and, as a result, to increase the life expectancy of patients.

It should be noted that the quality of equipment, and especially experience, professionalism, erudition, knowledge of international standards, attentiveness in the work of specialists – endoscopists and morphologists, is of paramount importance in correct and timely diagnosis.

Indications for endoscopy (gastroscopy and colonoscopy) under general anesthesia

Indications for endoscopic examination today are all diseases accompanied by symptoms of indigestion, oncological examination and examination before invasive interventions (operations) in order to prevent complications during long-term drug therapy after surgery.Indications for endoscopic methods are determined by the attending physician.

Contraindications for endoscopy under general anesthesia

There are no absolute contraindications to endoscopic research methods. However, poor patient preparation can lead to termination of the study and misdiagnosis. In people with severe gag reflexes or low pain thresholds, these tests can become difficult to perform. Once having experienced unpleasant sensations during endoscopy, patients, having medical indications, refuse to carry them out.On the Internet you can often find very colorfully described “horror stories” told by such patients. In this case, anesthesia “comes to the rescue”.

Endoscopy of the stomach under general anesthesia (gastroscopy, colonoscopy) on an outpatient basis

In our Clinic, the possibility of carrying out endoscopic manipulations under anesthesia on an outpatient basis is realized:

• VKS bowel (colonoscopy) under anesthesia.
• VGDS (gastroscopy) under general anesthesia.

For this, modern pharmacological preparations are used, which create the possibility of safely carrying out anesthesia. In addition, taking care of the patient’s safety, the clinic has developed and is implementing a number of diagnostic measures that allow us to assess the risk of adverse events during anesthesia. They are preceded by a consultation with a therapist, who determines the presence and degree of compensation for concomitant pathology, and directs them to research that will help identify hidden threats for the onset of undesirable phenomena during anesthetic treatment.

Only the anesthesiologist decides on the possibility of anesthesia. At the consultation, he analyzes all the data obtained, determines the degree of risk for each individual patient and the possibility of carrying out anesthesia on an outpatient basis. In a number of cases, when the risk for the development of complications during anesthesia is high, the anesthesiologist will propose to carry out an endoscopic procedure in a hospital setting, where they will first prepare for anesthesia and then observe for a longer time, which will help, if necessary, provide timely medical care.

Video colonoscopy (VKS, colonoscopy) under general anesthesia on an outpatient basis.

This is an instrumental examination, often referred to simply as a colonoscopy, that examines all parts of the colon and distal ileum. The procedure is painful in patients who have had surgery on the pelvic organs in the past, adhesions, uterine myoma, and prostate adenoma. Such patients are advised to undergo VKS (colonoscopy) under general anesthesia, which can be performed on an outpatient basis in our clinic, if there are no contraindications.Preparation for the study is carried out by the patient at home. It must be thorough, as the quality of the research being conducted depends on it.

Currently, only the latest generation digital video technology is used in the endoscopy department, which allows you to obtain a good image with a high magnification and apply additional research methods such as NBI (examination in a narrow spectrum of light), which improves the detection of polyps, benign and malignant tumors even of very small size (from 1 mm), and ZOOM (increase) technology – this makes it possible to study neoplasms in more detail.and thereby determine the tactics of their treatment even before the results of histological examination are obtained. This includes chromoscopy – the use of vital dyes that are not harmful to the body, but improve the quality of visualization of pathological changes in the intestinal mucosa.

All the additional research methods described above significantly increase the quality of diagnostics, but at the same time lengthen the time of an already unpleasant procedure. Carrying out an examination under anesthesia will significantly improve the information content of the study and make it more comfortable to transfer it.

Videoesophagogastroduodenoscopy (VGDS, gastroscopy) under anesthesia on an outpatient basis.

This is one of the most common methods for examining human internal organs. The upper parts of the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, duodenum 12) are most often damaged, since their mucous membrane is under significant stress during digestion. As a rule, there are no painful sensations during the gastroduodenoscopy procedure, but this study itself is accompanied by a pronounced gag reflex.Some patients manage to cope with it, and many others do not. The use of additional diagnostic methods, which allow a more detailed study of the mucous membrane of the examined organ, lead to a lengthening of the procedure. To be able to use the entire available arsenal of tools in order to identify the lesion, diagnostic measures for determining Helicobacter, taking biopsy samples and poor tolerance of the procedure, the patient may be recommended to undergo gastroscopy under anesthesia, including on an outpatient basis, in the absence of contraindications, which will be assessed by the anesthesiologist …

When a patient is assigned to two studies at once: VGDS (gastroscopy) and VKS (colonoscopy), they can be performed in one day, which will allow the patient to reduce financial costs and time.

Usually, the duration of the VKS itself is from 20 minutes or more, depending on the individual characteristics of the patient. When using anesthesia, the procedure takes about 80 minutes due to the need for preparation (taking anamnesis, determining the tactics of anesthesia, installing a venous catheter) and the individual time to recover from anesthesia (from 5 to 15 minutes).The duration of VGDS is usually 5-10 minutes, and when carried out with anesthesia, it can increase up to 40 minutes for the same reasons.

In the next 2-4 hours, the patient is under the supervision of medical personnel in a specially equipped room until he fully recovers from anesthesia.

Medical Center “ELIF”

Symptoms for which a consultation with a gastroenterologist is recommended:

• Persistent abdominal pain or discomfort;
• Stool disorders: both diarrhea and constipation;
• Nausea and vomiting;
• Belching both with air and with food eaten, heartburn;
• Difficulty swallowing food and liquids.

Diagnostics of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

After collecting anamnesis and examination, an additional examination is most often required to clarify the diagnosis. It may include:

All these diagnostic activities can be performed at our medical center.

Less commonly, computed tomography, X-rays, or other high-tech procedures may be prescribed. Then the attending physician will refer the patient to one of the partner hospitals.

Diseases treated with a gastroenterologist

• Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• Gastritis, enteritis, colitis;
• Irritable bowel syndrome;
• Chronic cholecystitis, sludge syndrome, biliary dyskinesia;
• Chronic pancreatitis, disorders of the processes of digestion and absorption of food;
• Certain diseases of the gastrointestinal tract caused by microorganisms and protozoa.

Most of these diseases and conditions last for years, becoming chronic. You need to understand that self-medication and advice from friends are not able to cure the disease.

Specialists of the ELIF Medical Center treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract along its entire length. Gastroenterologist, proctologist, endoscopist, the whole range of laboratory studies – we can solve the most difficult problem!

We invite you to an initial appointment with a gastroenterologist.

Reception in our clinic is conducted by a gastroenterologist, candidate of medical sciences.

Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract usually requires special training, therefore, an appointment must be made in advance.

Call (843) 528-06-36 and the consultant will select a convenient time for you.

Gastroenterology – endoscopy at the Karlovy Vary “Gastrocentre”

You are here: Introduction »Services» Gastroenterology – Endoscopy at the Karlovy Vary Gastrocenter

Karlovy Vary Gastrocenter offers its services to patients with diseases of the digestive system , including diagnosis and subsequent treatment.At the same time, prevention of diseases is of great importance, therefore, not only patients should come to the “Gastrocenter”, but all those who would like to prevent serious diseases of the digestive tract.

Gastroenterology is a field of medicine that deals with diseases and treatments of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas.

Within the framework of gastroenterology, we offer the following services

Gastrocenter offers its services to foreign and Czech patients (who are paid in full or in part for the procedures by contractual insurance companies).

Make an appointment at the Karlovy Vary “Gastrocenter”

• Gastroenterological consultation
  The Gastroenterological consultation of the Karlovy Vary “Gastrocentre” organizes continuous monitoring and treatment of patients suffering from chronic diseases of the esophagus, liver, biliary tract and pancreas.